1
|
Zielińska M, Pawłowska A, Orzeł A, Sulej L, Muzyka-Placzyńska K, Baran A, Filipecka-Tyczka D, Pawłowska P, Nowińska A, Bogusławska J, Scholz A. Wound Microbiota and Its Impact on Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17318. [PMID: 38139146 PMCID: PMC10743523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process influenced by age, systemic conditions, and local factors. The wound microbiota's crucial role in this process is gaining recognition. This concise review outlines wound microbiota impacts on healing, emphasizing distinct phases like hemostasis, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Inflammatory responses, orchestrated by growth factors and cytokines, recruit neutrophils and monocytes to eliminate pathogens and debris. Notably, microbiota alterations relate to changes in wound healing dynamics. Commensal bacteria influence immune responses, keratinocyte growth, and blood vessel development. For instance, Staphylococcus epidermidis aids keratinocyte progression, while Staphylococcus aureus colonization impedes healing. Other bacteria like Group A Streptococcus spp. And Pseudomonas affect wound healing as well. Clinical applications of microbiota-based wound care are promising, with probiotics and specific bacteria like Acinetobacter baumannii aiding tissue repair through molecule secretion. Understanding microbiota influence on wound healing offers therapeutic avenues. Tailored approaches, including probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics, can manipulate the microbiota to enhance immune modulation, tissue repair, and inflammation control. Despite progress, critical questions linger. Determining the ideal microbiota composition for optimal wound healing, elucidating precise influence mechanisms, devising effective manipulation strategies, and comprehending the intricate interplay between the microbiota, host, and other factors require further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zielińska
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Agnieszka Pawłowska
- Students Research Group of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at St. Sophia Hospital, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.)
| | - Anna Orzeł
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Luiza Sulej
- Students Research Group of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at St. Sophia Hospital, 01-004 Warsaw, Poland; (A.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Muzyka-Placzyńska
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Arkadiusz Baran
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Dagmara Filipecka-Tyczka
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| | - Paulina Pawłowska
- Students Scientific Association, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Nowińska
- Students Scientific Association, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Scholz
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai R, Guo Y, Liu W, Song Y, Yu Z, Ma X. The Roles of WNT Signaling Pathways in Skin Development and Mechanical-Stretch-Induced Skin Regeneration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1702. [PMID: 38136575 PMCID: PMC10741662 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of biological processes, including development, adult tissue homeostasis maintenance, and stem cell regulation. Variations in skin conditions can influence the expression of the WNT signaling pathway. In light of the above, a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in different physiological and pathological states of the skin holds the potential to significantly advance clinical treatments of skin-related diseases. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the WNT signaling pathway in skin development, wound healing, and mechanical stretching. Our review sheds new light on the crucial role of the WNT signaling pathway in the regulation of skin physiology and pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxue Bai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yaotao Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of The Cadet Team 6, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Interdonato L, Marino Y, Franco GA, Arangia A, D’Amico R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Impellizzeri D, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S, Paola RD. Açai Berry Administration Promotes Wound Healing through Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010834. [PMID: 36614291 PMCID: PMC9821151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, wound healing has received increased attention from both a scientific and clinical point of view. It is characterized by an organized series of processes: angiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and remodeling. Many of these processes are controlled by the Wnt pathway, which activates them. The aim of the study was to evaluate the molecular mechanism of açai berry administration in a mouse model of wound healing. CD1 male mice were used in this research. Two full-thickness excisional wounds (5 mm) were performed with a sterile biopsy punch on the dorsum to create two circular, full-thickness skin wounds on either side of the median line on the dorsum. Açai berry was administered by oral administration (500 mg/kg dissolved in saline) for 6 days after induction of the wound. Our study demonstrated that açai berry can modulate the Wnt pathway, reducing the expression of Wnt3a, the cysteine-rich domain of frizzled (FZ)8, and the accumulation of cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin. Moreover, açai berry reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-18, which are target genes strictly downstream of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. It also showed important anti-inflammatory activities by reducing the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, Wnt can modulate the activity of growth factors, such as TGF-β, and VEGF, which are the basis of the wound-healing process. In conclusion, we can confirm that açai berry can modulate the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, as it is involved in the inflammatory process and in the activity of the growth factor implicated in wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Antonio Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Arangia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Royzman D, Peckert-Maier K, Stich L, König C, Wild AB, Tauchi M, Ostalecki C, Kiesewetter F, Seyferth S, Lee G, Eming SA, Fuchs M, Kunz M, Stürmer EK, Peters EMJ, Berking C, Zinser E, Steinkasserer A. Soluble CD83 improves and accelerates wound healing by the induction of pro-resolving macrophages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012647. [PMID: 36248909 PMCID: PMC9564224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate the recovery process of chronic and hard-to-heal wounds novel pro-resolving treatment options are urgently needed. We investigated the pro-regenerative properties of soluble CD83 (sCD83) on cutaneous wound healing, where sCD83 accelerated wound healing not only after systemic but also after topical application, which is of high therapeutic interest. Cytokine profile analyses revealed an initial upregulation of inflammatory mediators such as TNFα and IL-1β, followed by a switch towards pro-resolving factors, including YM-1 and IL-10, both expressed by tissue repair macrophages. These cells are known to mediate resolution of inflammation and stimulate wound healing processes by secretion of growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promote vascularization as well as fibroblast and keratinocyte differentiation. In conclusion, we have found strong wound healing capacities of sCD83 beyond the previously described role in transplantation and autoimmunity. This makes sCD83 a promising candidate for the treatment of chronic- and hard-to-heal wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Royzman
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dmytro Royzman, ; Alexander Steinkasserer,
| | - Katrin Peckert-Maier
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Stich
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina König
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Wild
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Miyuki Tauchi
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Seyferth
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Geoffrey Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine A. Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster Cluster of Excellence for Aging Research (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fuchs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ewa K. Stürmer
- Department for Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva M. J. Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Zinser
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dmytro Royzman, ; Alexander Steinkasserer,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aulanni’am A, Raissa R, Riawan W, Wuragil DK, Permata FS, Beltran MAG. Epidermal Stem Cell in Wound Healing of Gliricidia sepium Leaves from Indonesia and the Philippines in Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study intended to investigate the regenerate wound, due to the ointment therapy containing Gliricidia sepium leaves that has potential-induced epidermal stem cells producing. It determined its effect on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad-3, β-catenin, LGR-6.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months (150–200g) were used and were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines). The treatment of ointment was applied to the wound for 3 days. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 was observed by immunohistochemistry staining.
RESULTS: G. sepium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves were higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines.
CONCLUSIONS: Both leaves Varian contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as producing epidermal stem cell agents to enhance the wound healing process. It can be concluded that both Gl. sepium Varian Indonesia and the Philippines have a potential effect on wound healing.
Collapse
|
6
|
Theocharidis G, Thomas BE, Sarkar D, Mumme HL, Pilcher WJR, Dwivedi B, Sandoval-Schaefer T, Sîrbulescu RF, Kafanas A, Mezghani I, Wang P, Lobao A, Vlachos IS, Dash B, Hsia HC, Horsley V, Bhasin SS, Veves A, Bhasin M. Single cell transcriptomic landscape of diabetic foot ulcers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:181. [PMID: 35013299 PMCID: PMC8748704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27801-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a devastating complication of diabetes whose pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we profile 174,962 single cells from the foot, forearm, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our analysis shows enrichment of a unique population of fibroblasts overexpressing MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, HIF1A, CHI3L1, and TNFAIP6 and increased M1 macrophage polarization in the DFU patients with healing wounds. Further, analysis of spatially separated samples from the same patient and spatial transcriptomics reveal preferential localization of these healing associated fibroblasts toward the wound bed as compared to the wound edge or unwounded skin. Spatial transcriptomics also validates our findings of higher abundance of M1 macrophages in healers and M2 macrophages in non-healers. Our analysis provides deep insights into the wound healing microenvironment, identifying cell types that could be critical in promoting DFU healing, and may inform novel therapeutic approaches for DFU treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Theocharidis
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beena E Thomas
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Debasree Sarkar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hope L Mumme
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William J R Pilcher
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhakti Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonios Kafanas
- Lincoln County Hospital, Northern Lincolnshire and Goole NHS Foundation Trust, Scunthorpe, UK
| | - Ikram Mezghani
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio Lobao
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis S Vlachos
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Biraja Dash
- Yale Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Wound Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Yale Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Wound Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Swati S Bhasin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aristidis Veves
- The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Manoj Bhasin
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Otsuka T, Kan HM, Laurencin CT. Regenerative Engineering Approaches to Scar-Free Skin Regeneration. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
8
|
Griffin MF, Huber J, Evan FJ, Quarto N, Longaker MT. The role of Wnt signaling in skin fibrosis. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:615-628. [PMID: 34431110 DOI: 10.1002/med.21853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the dermis. Cutaneous fibrosis can occur following tissue injury, including burns, trauma, and surgery, resulting in scars that are disfiguring, limit movement and cause significant psychological distress for patients. Many molecular pathways have been implicated in the development of skin fibrosis, yet effective treatments to prevent or reverse scarring are unknown. The Wnt signaling pathways are known to play an important role in skin homeostasis, skin injury, and in the development of fibrotic skin diseases. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathways in regulating skin scarring. We also discuss how Wnt signaling interacts with other known fibrotic molecular pathways to cause skin fibrosis. We further provide a summary of the different Wnt inhibitor types available for treating skin scarring. Understanding the role of the Wnt pathway in cutaneous fibrosis will accelerate the development of effective Wnt modulators for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julika Huber
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fahy J Evan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Doolan BJ, Onoufriadis A, Kantaputra P, McGrath JA. WNT10A, dermatology and dentistry. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1105-1111. [PMID: 34184264 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
WNTs (Wingless-related integration sites) are secreted glycoproteins that are involved in signalling pathways critical to organ development and tissue regeneration. Of the 19 known WNT ligands, one member of this family, WNT10A, appears to have specific relevance to skin, its appendages and teeth. This review focuses on how variants in the WNT10A gene have been associated with various ectodermal disorders and how such changes may have clinical relevance to dermatologists and dentists. Germline mutations in WNT10A underlie several forms of autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia in which heterozygous carriers may also display some lesser ectodermal anomalies. Within the general population, multiple heterozygous variants in WNT10A can cause skin, hair, sweat gland or dental alterations, also known as ectodermal derivative impairments. WNT10A variants have also been implicated in hair thickness, male androgenetic alopecia, hair curl, acne vulgaris, lipodystrophy, keloids, wound healing, tooth size, tooth agenesis, hypodontia, taurodontism and oral clefting. Beyond dermatology and dentistry, WNT10A abnormalities have also been identified in kidney fibrosis, keratoconus, certain malignancies (particularly gastrointestinal) and neuropathic pain pathways. In this review, we detail how WNT10A is implicated as a key physiological and pathological contributor to syndromic and nonsyndromic disorders, as well as population variants, affecting the skin and teeth, and document all reported mutations in WNT10A with genotype-phenotype correlation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Doolan
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Onoufriadis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Kantaputra
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - J A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang S, Kuri P, Aubert Y, Brewster M, Li N, Farrelly O, Rice G, Bae H, Prouty S, Dentchev T, Luo W, Capell BC, Rompolas P. Lgr6 marks epidermal stem cells with a nerve-dependent role in wound re-epithelialization. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1582-1596.e6. [PMID: 34102139 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells support lifelong maintenance of adult organs, but their specific roles during injury are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Lgr6 marks a regionally restricted population of epidermal stem cells that interact with nerves and specialize in wound re-epithelialization. Diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of Lgr6 stem cells delays wound healing, and skin denervation phenocopies this effect. Using intravital imaging to capture stem cell dynamics after injury, we show that wound re-epithelialization by Lgr6 stem cells is diminished following loss of nerves. This induces recruitment of other stem cell populations, including hair follicle stem cells, which partially compensate to mediate wound closure. Single-cell lineage tracing and gene expression analysis reveal that the fate of Lgr6 stem cells is shifted toward differentiation following loss of their niche. We conclude that Lgr6 epidermal stem cells are primed for injury response and interact with nerves to regulate their fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sixia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paola Kuri
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yann Aubert
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Megan Brewster
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olivia Farrelly
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gabriella Rice
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hyunjin Bae
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Prouty
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tzvete Dentchev
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenqin Luo
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Capell
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diaz A, Martin-Jimenez C, Xu Y, Merino P, Woo Y, Torre E, Yepes M. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator-mediated crosstalk between N-cadherin and β-catenin promotes wound healing. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs255919. [PMID: 34085693 PMCID: PMC8214757 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA; encoded by Plau) is a serine proteinase that, in the central nervous system, induces astrocytic activation. β-Catenin is a protein that links the cytoplasmic tail of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton, thus securing the formation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion complexes. Disruption of cell-cell contacts leads to the detachment of β-catenin from cadherins, and β-catenin is then degraded by the proteasome following its phosphorylation by GSK3β. Here, we show that astrocytes release uPA following a scratch injury, and that this uPA promotes wound healing via a plasminogen-independent mechanism. We found that uPA induces the detachment of β-catenin from the cytoplasmic tail of N-cadherin (NCAD; also known as CDH2) by triggering its phosphorylation at Tyr654. Surprisingly, this is not followed by degradation of β-catenin because uPA also induces the phosphorylation of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) at Ser1490, which then blocks the kinase activity of GSK3β. Our work indicates that the ensuing cytoplasmic accumulation of β-catenin is followed by its nuclear translocation and β-catenin-triggered transcription of the receptor for uPA (Plaur), which in turn is required for uPA to induce astrocytic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Diaz
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Cynthia Martin-Jimenez
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Paola Merino
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Yena Woo
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Enrique Torre
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Manuel Yepes
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cao J, Zhong L, Feng Y, Qian K, Xiao Y, Wang G, Tu W, Yue L, Zhang Q, Yang H, Jiao Y, Zhu W, Cao J. Activated Beta-Catenin Signaling Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Skin Injury by Suppressing Marvel D3 Expression. Radiat Res 2021; 195:173-190. [PMID: 33045079 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00050.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced skin injury remains a serious concern for cancer radiotherapy, radiation accidents and occupational exposure, and the damage mainly occurs due to apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. There is currently no effective treatment for this disorder. The β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the repair and regeneration of injured tissues. However, the role of the β-catenin signaling pathway in radiation-induced skin injury has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that the β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in response to radiation and that its activation by Wnt3a, a ligand-protein involved in the β-catenin signaling pathway, inhibited apoptosis and the production of ROS in irradiated human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and skin fibroblast WS1 cells. Additionally, Wnt3a promoted cell migration after irradiation. In a mouse model of full-thickness skin wounds combined with total-body irradiation, Wnt3a was shown to facilitate skin wound healing. The results from RNA-Seq revealed that 24 genes were upregulated and 154 were downregulated in Wnt3a-treated irradiated skin cells, and these dysregulated genes were mainly enriched in the tight junction pathway. Among them, Marvel D3 showed the most obvious difference. We further found that the activated β-catenin signaling pathway stimulated the phosphorylation of JNK by silencing Marvel D3. Treatment of irradiated cells with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, augmented ROS production and impeded cell migration. Furthermore, treatment with Wnt3a or transfection with Marvel D3-specific siRNAs could reverse the above effects. Taken together, these findings illustrate that activated β-catenin signaling stimulates the activation of JNK by negatively regulating Marvel D3 to ameliorate radiation-induced skin injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Li Zhong
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yang Feng
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yuji Xiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong 226000 China
| | - Wenling Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051 China
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bukowska J, Walendzik K, Kopcewicz M, Cierniak P, Gawronska-Kozak B. Wnt signaling and the transcription factor Foxn1 contribute to cutaneous wound repair in mice. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:238-248. [PMID: 31690137 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1688314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The transcription factor Foxn1 is a regulator of scar-ended cutaneous wound healing in mice. However, the link between Foxn1 and Wnt signaling has not been explored in the context of cutaneous repair. Here, we investigate the effects of β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling represented by Wnt10a and Wnt11, respectively, in healing of full-thickness cutaneous wounds in C57BL/6 mice. Material and Methods: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunostaining were performed to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of Wnt10a, Wnt11, and β-catenin in skin during wound healing. A co-culture system consisting of keratinocytes transfected with an adenoviral vector carrying Foxn1-GFP and dermal fibroblasts (DFs) was employed to determine the influence of epidermal signals on the capacity of DFs to produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in vitro. The levels of types I and III collagen in conditioned media from DFs cultures were examined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The expression of Wnt10a, Wnt11, and β-catenin increased at post-wounding days 14 and 21 when tissue remodeling occurred. Foxn1::Egfp transgenic mice experiments demonstrated that Wnts were abundant in the epidermis adjacent to the wound margin and to a lesser extent in the dermis. The Wnt10a signal colocalized with Foxn1-eGFP in the epithelial tongue and neo-epidermis during the initial stage of wound healing. Foxn1 overexpression in keratinocytes affected DFs function related to collagen synthesis. Conclusions: Wnt ligands contribute to cutaneous wound repair, predominantly by engagement in ECM maturation. The data indicates a possible relationship between Foxn1 and Wnts in post-traumatic skin tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bukowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Patrycja Cierniak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences , Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences , Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maldonado-Lasunción I, O’Neill N, Umland O, Verhaagen J, Oudega M. Macrophage-Derived Inflammation Induces a Transcriptome Makeover in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhancing Their Potential for Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E781. [PMID: 33466704 PMCID: PMC7828776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and clinical studies revealed that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplants elicit tissue repair. Conditioning MSC prior to transplantation may boost their ability to support repair. We investigated macrophage-derived inflammation as a means to condition MSC by comprehensively analyzing their transcriptome and secretome. Conditioning MSC with macrophage-derived inflammation resulted in 3208 differentially expressed genes, which were annotated with significantly enriched GO terms for 1085 biological processes, 85 cellular components, and 79 molecular functions. Inflammation-mediated conditioning increased the secretion of growth factors that are key for tissue repair, including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, nerve growth factor and glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Furthermore, we found that inflammation-mediated conditioning induces transcriptomic changes that challenge the viability and mobility of MSC. Our data support the notion that macrophage-derived inflammation stimulates MSC to augment their paracrine repair-supporting activity. The results suggest that inflammatory pre-conditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of MSC transplants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Maldonado-Lasunción
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nick O’Neill
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Oliver Umland
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Joost Verhaagen
- Department of Regeneration of Sensorimotor Systems, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands;
| | - Martin Oudega
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Monavarian M, Kader S, Moeinzadeh S, Jabbari E. Regenerative Scar-Free Skin Wound Healing. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 25:294-311. [PMID: 30938269 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Millions of people every year develop scars in response to skin injuries after surgery, trauma, or burns with significant undesired physical and psychological effects. This review provides an update on engineering strategies for scar-free wound healing and discusses the role of different cell types, growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular components in regenerative wound healing. The use of pro-regenerative matrices combined with engineered cells with less intrinsic potential for fibrogenesis is a promising strategy for achieving scar-free skin tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Monavarian
- 1Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Safaa Kader
- 1Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.,2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- 1Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- 1Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan J, Pilawski I, Yuan X, Arioka M, Ticha P, Tian Y, Helms JA. Interspecies comparison of alveolar bone biology: Tooth extraction socket healing in mini pigs and mice. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1653-1663. [PMID: 32347546 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| | - Igor Pilawski
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| | - Masaki Arioka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Pavla Ticha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| | - Ye Tian
- West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery School of Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto California USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hou X, Khan MRA, Turmaine M, Thrasivoulou C, Becker DL, Ahmed A. Wnt signaling regulates cytosolic translocation of connexin 43. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R248-R261. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00268.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The availability of intracellular, stabilized β-catenin, a transcription factor coactivator, is tightly regulated; β-catenin is translocated into the nucleus in response to Wnt ligand binding to its cell membrane receptors. Here we show that Wnt signal activation in mammalian cells activates intracellular mobilization of connexin 43 (Cx43), which belongs to a gap junction protein family, a new target protein in response to extracellular Wnt signal activation. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the nuclear localization of Cx43 was increased by 8- to 10-fold in Wnt5A- and 9B-treated cells compared with controls; this Wnt-induced increase was negated in the cells where Cx43 and β-catenin were knocked down using shRNA. There was a significant ( P < 0.001) and concomitant depletion of the cell membrane and cytosolic signal of Cx43 in Wnt-treated cells with an increase in the nuclear signal for Cx43; this was more obvious in cells where β-catenin was knocked down using shRNA. Conversely, Cx43 knockdown resulted in increased β-catenin in the nucleus in the absence of Wnt activation. Coimmunoprecipitation of Cx43 and β-catenin proteins with a casein kinase (CKIδ) antibody showed that Cx43 interacts with β-catenin and may form part of the so-called destruction complex. Functionally, Wnt activation increased the rate of wound reepithelization in rat skin in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hou
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Division of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad R. A. Khan
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Thrasivoulou
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David L Becker
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Aamir Ahmed
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Division of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Prostate Cancer Research Centre at the Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chang Y, Yu J. The protective effects of TGR5 against ultraviolet B irradiation in epidermal stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15038-15044. [PMID: 31168815 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in continuous insults to the skin, including continuous loss of the capacities of epidermal stem cells (ESCs). Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) participates in a variety of physiological activities, but its biological function in skin has not been reported. In this study, we report that TGR5 could be detected in ESCs and its expression was reduced after ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation. Treatment with the specific TGR5 agonist 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide (GPBARA) prevented UV-B-induced oxidative stress by reducing 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and increasing the level of glutathione. We also found that the presence of GPBARA improved UV-B irradiation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by elevating mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, our results indicate that GPBARA pretreatment suppressed UV-B irradiation-induced reduced cell viability, release of lactic dehydrogenase, and secretion of high mobility group box 1. Notably, GPBARA pretreatment inhibited UV-B irradiation-induced decrease in integrin β1 and Krt19, dependent on TGR5. Mechanistically, we found that the activation of TGR5 by GPBARA increased Wnt1, Wnt3a, Myc, and cyclin D1 in ESCs. Our data suggest a new function of TGR5 in regulating ESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Dermatology & STD Department, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schreurs M, Suttorp CM, Mutsaers HAM, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Von den Hoff JW, Ongkosuwito EM, Carvajal Monroy PL, Wagener FADTG. Tissue engineering strategies combining molecular targets against inflammation and fibrosis, and umbilical cord blood stem cells to improve hampered muscle and skin regeneration following cleft repair. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:9-26. [PMID: 31104334 PMCID: PMC6972684 DOI: 10.1002/med.21594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a congenital deformity that occurs in about 1 of 700 newborns, affecting the dentition, bone, skin, muscles and mucosa in the orofacial region. A cleft can give rise to problems with maxillofacial growth, dental development, speech, and eating, and can also cause hearing impairment. Surgical repair of the lip may lead to impaired regeneration of muscle and skin, fibrosis, and scar formation. This may result in hampered facial growth and dental development affecting oral function and lip and nose esthetics. Therefore, secondary surgery to correct the scar is often indicated. We will discuss the molecular and cellular pathways involved in facial and lip myogenesis, muscle anatomy in the normal and cleft lip, and complications following surgery. The aim of this review is to outline a novel molecular and cellular strategy to improve musculature and skin regeneration and to reduce scar formation following cleft repair. Orofacial clefting can be diagnosed in the fetus through prenatal ultrasound screening and allows planning for the harvesting of umbilical cord blood stem cells upon birth. Tissue engineering techniques using these cord blood stem cells and molecular targeting of inflammation and fibrosis during surgery may promote tissue regeneration. We expect that this novel strategy improves both muscle and skin regeneration, resulting in better function and esthetics after cleft repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Schreurs
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Maarten Suttorp
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola L Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li B, Hu W, Ma K, Zhang C, Fu X. Are hair follicle stem cells promising candidates for wound healing? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:119-128. [PMID: 30577700 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1559290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the continued focus on in-depth investigations of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), the role of HFSCs in wound healing has attracted increasing attention from researchers. This review may afford meaningful implications for HFSC treatment of wounds. AREAS COVERED We present the properties of HFSCs, analyze the possibility of HFSCs in wound healing, and sum up the recent studies into wound repair with HFSCs. The details of HFSCs in wound healing have been discussed. The possible mechanisms of wound healing with HFSCs have been elaborated. Additionally, the factors that influence HFSCs in wound healing are also summarized. EXPERT OPINION Hair follicle stem cells are promising sources for wound healing. However, a further understanding of human HFSCs and the safety use of HFSCs in clinical practice still remain in relative infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingmin Li
- a Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration , First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Wenzhi Hu
- a Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration , First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Kui Ma
- a Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration , First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- b Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration , First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- a Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration , First Hospital Affiliated to General Hospital of PLA , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute wound healing is a dynamic process that results in the formation of scar tissue. The mechanisms of this process are not well understood; numerous signaling pathways are thought to play a major role. Here, the authors have identified β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling as an early acute-phase reactant in acute wound healing and scar formation. METHODS The authors created 6-mm full-thickness excisional cutaneous wounds on adult β-catenin-dependent Wnt signal (BAT-gal) reporter mice. The expression of canonical Wnt after wounding was analyzed using X-gal staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Next, recombinant mouse Wnt3a (rmWnt3a) was injected subcutaneously to the wound edge, daily. The mice were killed at stratified time points, up to 15 days after injury. Histologic analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were performed. RESULTS Numerous individual Wnt ligands increased in expression after wounding, including Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt10a, and Wnt11. A specific pattern of Wnt activity was observed, localized to the hair follicle and epidermis. Mice injected with rmWnt3a exhibited faster wound closure, increased scar size, and greater expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 and type I collagen. CONCLUSIONS The authors' data suggest that β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling expression increases shortly after cutaneous wounding, and exogenous rmWnt3a accelerates reepithelialization, wound matrix maturation, and scar formation. Future experiments will focus on the intersection of Wnt signaling and other known profibrotic cytokines.
Collapse
|
23
|
desJardins-Park HE, Foster DS, Longaker MT. Fibroblasts and wound healing: an update. Regen Med 2018; 13:491-495. [PMID: 30062921 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E desJardins-Park
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Deshka S Foster
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Moore AL, Marshall CD, Barnes LA, Murphy MP, Ransom RC, Longaker MT. Scarless wound healing: Transitioning from fetal research to regenerative healing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7. [PMID: 29316315 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of scarless fetal skin wound healing, research in the field has expanded significantly with the hopes of advancing the finding to adult human patients. There are several differences between fetal and adult skin that have been exploited to facilitate scarless healing in adults including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix substitutes. However, no one therapy, pathway, or cell subtype is sufficient to support scarless wound healing in adult skin. More recently, products that contain or mimic fetal and adult uninjured dermis were introduced to the wound healing market with promising clinical outcomes. Through our review of the major experimental targets of fetal wound healing, we hope to encourage research in areas that may have a significant clinical impact. Additionally, we will investigate therapies currently in clinical use and evaluate whether they represent a legitimate advance in regenerative medicine or a vulnerary agent. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e309. doi: 10.1002/wdev.309 This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Plant Development > Cell Growth and Differentiation Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra L Moore
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Clement D Marshall
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leandra A Barnes
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Matthew P Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Skin and Its Regenerative Powers: An Alliance between Stem Cells and Their Niche. Dev Cell 2017; 43:387-401. [PMID: 29161590 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissues have a natural capacity to replace dying cells and to heal wounds. This ability resides in resident stem cells, which self-renew, preserve, and repair their tissue during homeostasis and following injury. The skin epidermis and its appendages are subjected to daily assaults from the external environment. A high demand is placed on renewal and regeneration of the skin's barrier in order to protect the body from infection and dehydration and to heal wounds. This review focuses on the epithelial stem cells of skin, where they come from, where they reside, and how they function in normal homeostasis and wound repair.
Collapse
|
26
|
McBride JD, Rodriguez-Menocal L, Guzman W, Candanedo A, Garcia-Contreras M, Badiavas EV. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived CD63 + Exosomes Transport Wnt3a Exteriorly and Enhance Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis In Vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1384-1398. [PMID: 28679315 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that regulate stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and cell-to-cell communication during embryonic development and in adult tissues. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been shown to stimulate dermis repair and regeneration; however, it is unclear how BM-MSCs may modulate downstream Wnt signaling. While recent reports implicate that Wnt ligands and Wnt messenger RNAs (such as Wnt4) exist within the interior compartment of exosomes, it has been debated whether or not Wnts exist on the exterior surface of exosomes to travel in the extracellular space. To help answer this question, we utilized flow cytometry of magnetic beads coated with anti-CD63 antibodies and found, for the first time, that Wnt3a protein is detectable exteriorly on CD63+ exosomes derived from BM-MSCs over-secreting Wnt3a into serum-free conditioned media (Wnt3a CM). Our data suggest that CD63+ exosomes significantly help transport exterior Wnt3a signal to recipient cells to promote fibroblast and endothelial functions. During purification of exosomes, we unexpectedly found that use of ultracentrifugation alone significantly decreased the ability to detect exteriorly bound Wnt3a on CD63+ exosomes, however, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated exosome-enrichment before exosome-purification (with ultracentrifugation into a sucrose cushion) resulted in exosomes more likely to retain exterior Wnt3a detectability and downstream Wnt/beta-catenin activity. Our findings indicate the important role that purification methods may have on stem cell-derived Wnt-exosome activity in downstream assays. The ability for BM-MSC Wnt3a CM and exosomes to stimulate dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration, and endothelial angiogenesis in vitro, was significantly decreased after CD63+-exosome depletion or knockdown of Wnt coreceptor LRP6 in recipient cells, suggesting both are required for optimal Wnt-exosome activity in our system. Thus, BM-MSC-derived CD63+ exosomes are a significant carrier of exterior Wnt3a within high Wnt environments, resulting in downstream fibroblast proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D McBride
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute , Miami, Florida
| | - Luis Rodriguez-Menocal
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute , Miami, Florida
| | - Wellington Guzman
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute , Miami, Florida
| | - Ambar Candanedo
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute , Miami, Florida
| | | | - Evangelos V Badiavas
- 1 Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.,2 Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute , Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Janeczek AA, Scarpa E, Horrocks MH, Tare RS, Rowland CA, Jenner D, Newman TA, Oreffo RO, Lee SF, Evans ND. PEGylated liposomes associate with Wnt3A protein and expand putative stem cells in human bone marrow populations. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:845-863. [PMID: 28351228 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To fabricate PEGylated liposomes which preserve the activity of hydrophobic Wnt3A protein, and to demonstrate their efficacy in promoting expansion of osteoprogenitors from human bone marrow. METHODS PEGylated liposomes composed of several synthetic lipids were tested for their ability to preserve Wnt3A activity in reporter and differentiation assays. Single-molecule microspectroscopy was used to test for direct association of protein with liposomes. RESULTS Labeled Wnt3A protein directly associated with all tested liposome preparations. However, Wnt3A activity was preserved or enhanced in PEGylated 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) liposomes but not in PEGylated 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) liposomes. PEGylated Wnt3A liposomes associated with skeletal stem cell populations in human bone marrow and promoted osteogenesis. CONCLUSION Active Wnt protein-containing PEGylated liposomes may have utility for systemic administration for bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Janeczek
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Bone & Joint Research Group & Institute for Life Sciences, Institute for Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Edoardo Scarpa
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Bone & Joint Research Group & Institute for Life Sciences, Institute for Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Mathew H Horrocks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rahul S Tare
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Bone & Joint Research Group & Institute for Life Sciences, Institute for Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Caroline A Rowland
- Microbiology Group, Chemical, Biological & Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Dominic Jenner
- Microbiology Group, Chemical, Biological & Radiological Division, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
| | - Tracey A Newman
- Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 85, Life Sciences Building, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard Oc Oreffo
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Bone & Joint Research Group & Institute for Life Sciences, Institute for Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Nicholas D Evans
- Human Development & Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells & Regeneration, Bone & Joint Research Group & Institute for Life Sciences, Institute for Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao C, Cai S, Shin K, Lim A, Kalisky T, Lu WJ, Clarke MF, Beachy PA. Stromal Gli2 activity coordinates a niche signaling program for mammary epithelial stem cells. Science 2017; 356:science.aal3485. [PMID: 28280246 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell niche is a complex local signaling microenvironment that sustains stem cell activity during organ maintenance and regeneration. The mammary gland niche must support its associated stem cells while also responding to systemic hormonal regulation that triggers pubertal changes. We find that Gli2, the major Hedgehog pathway transcriptional effector, acts within mouse mammary stromal cells to direct a hormone-responsive niche signaling program by activating expression of factors that regulate epithelial stem cells as well as receptors for the mammatrophic hormones estrogen and growth hormone. Whereas prior studies implicate stem cell defects in human disease, this work shows that niche dysfunction may also cause disease, with possible relevance for human disorders and in particular the breast growth pathogenesis associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shang Cai
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kunyoo Shin
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyumgbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Agnes Lim
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomer Kalisky
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Wan-Jin Lu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip A Beachy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moore AL, Marshall CD, Longaker MT. Minimizing Skin Scarring through Biomaterial Design. J Funct Biomater 2017; 8:jfb8010003. [PMID: 28117733 PMCID: PMC5371876 DOI: 10.3390/jfb8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing continues to be a major burden to patients, though research in the field has expanded significantly. Due to an aging population and increasing comorbid conditions, the cost of chronic wounds is expected to increase for patients and the U.S. healthcare system alike. With this knowledge, the number of engineered products to facilitate wound healing has also increased dramatically, with some already in clinical use. In this review, the major biomaterials used to facilitate skin wound healing will be examined, with particular attention allocated to the science behind their development. Experimental therapies will also be evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra L Moore
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Clement D Marshall
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kur-Piotrowska A, Kopcewicz M, Kozak LP, Sachadyn P, Grabowska A, Gawronska-Kozak B. Neotenic phenomenon in gene expression in the skin of Foxn1- deficient (nude) mice - a projection for regenerative skin wound healing. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:56. [PMID: 28068897 PMCID: PMC5223329 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mouse fetuses up to 16 day of embryonic development and nude (Foxn1- deficient) mice are examples of animals that undergo regenerative (scar-free) skin healing. The expression of transcription factor Foxn1 in the epidermis of mouse fetuses begins at embryonic day 16.5 which coincides with the transition point from scar-free to scar-forming skin wound healing. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Foxn1 expression in the skin is an essential condition to establish the adult skin phenotype and that Foxn1 inactivity in nude mice keeps skin in the immature stage resembling the phenomena of neoteny. Results Uninjured skin of adult C57BL/6J (B6) mice, mouse fetuses at days 14 (E14) and 18 (E18) of embryonic development and B6.Cg-Foxn1 nu (nude) mice were characterized for their gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing that was validated through qRT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. Differentially regulated genes indicated that nude mice were more similar to E14 (model of regenerative healing) and B6 were more similar to E18 (model of reparative healing). The up-regulated genes in nude and E14 mice were associated with tissue remodeling, cytoskeletal rearrangement, wound healing and immune response, whereas the down-regulated genes were associated with differentiation. E14 and nude mice exhibit prominent up-regulation of keratin (Krt23, -73, -82, -16, -17), involucrin (Ivl) and filaggrin (Flg2) genes. The transcription factors associated with the Hox genes known to specify cell fate during embryonic development and promote embryonic stem cells differentiation were down-regulated in both nude and E14. Among the genes enriched in the nude skin but not shared with E14 fetuses were members of the Wnt and matrix metalloproteinases (Mmps) families whereas Bmp and Notch related genes were down-regulated. Conclusions In summary, Foxn1 appears to be a pivotal control element of the developmental program and skin maturation. Nude mice may be considered as a model of neoteny among mammals. The resemblance of gene expression profiles in the skin of both nude and E14 mice are direct or indirect consequences of the Foxn1 deficiency. Foxn1 appears to regulate the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation and its inactivity creates a pro-regenerative environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3401-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kur-Piotrowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Leslie P Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Pawel Sachadyn
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Grabowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Houschyar KS, Momeni A, Pyles MN, Maan ZN, Whittam AJ, Siemers F. Wnt signaling induces epithelial differentiation during cutaneous wound healing. Organogenesis 2016; 11:95-104. [PMID: 26309090 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2015.1086052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound repair in adult mammals typically does not regenerate original dermal architecture. Skin that has undergone repair following injury is not identical to intact uninjured skin. This disparity may be caused by differences in the mechanisms that regulate postnatal cutaneous wound repair compared to embryonic skin development and thus we seek a deeper understanding of the role that Wnt signaling plays in the mechanisms of skin repair in both fetal and adult wounds. The influence of secreted Wnt signaling proteins in tissue homeostasis has galvanized efforts to identify small molecules that target Wnt-mediated cellular responses. Wnt signaling is activated by wounding and participates in every subsequent stage of the healing process from the control of inflammation and programmed cell death, to the mobilization of stem cell reservoirs within the wound site. Endogenous Wnt signaling augmentation represents an attractive option to aid in the restoration of cutaneous wounds, as the complex mechanisms of the Wnt pathway have been increasingly investigated over the years. In this review, we summarize recent data elucidating the roles that Wnt signaling plays in cutaneous wound healing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow S Houschyar
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA. ,b Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ; Bergmannstrost Halle , Germany
| | - Arash Momeni
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Malcolm N Pyles
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Zeshaan N Maan
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Alexander J Whittam
- a Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Department of Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine ; Stanford , CA USA
| | - Frank Siemers
- b Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery ; Bergmannstrost Halle , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Smith AA, Li J, Liu B, Hunter D, Pyles M, Gillette M, Dhamdhere GR, Abo A, Oro A, Helms JA. Activating Hair Follicle Stem Cells via R-spondin2 to Stimulate Hair Growth. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1549-1558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
33
|
Lee YS, Hsu T, Chiu WC, Sarkozy H, Kulber DA, Choi A, Kim EW, Benya PD, Tuan TL. Keloid-derived, plasma/fibrin-based skin equivalents generate de novo dermal and epidermal pathology of keloid fibrosis in a mouse model. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:302-16. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shain Lee
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Tim Hsu
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Wei-Chih Chiu
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
| | - Heidi Sarkozy
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - David A. Kulber
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Aaron Choi
- UCLA-Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Elliot W. Kim
- UCLA-Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Paul D. Benya
- UCLA-Orthopedic Hospital Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California; Los Angeles California
| | - Tai-Lan Tuan
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles California
- Department of Surgery; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cerqueira MT, Pirraco RP, Marques AP. Stem Cells in Skin Wound Healing: Are We There Yet? Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2016; 5:164-175. [PMID: 27076994 PMCID: PMC4817598 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Cutaneous wound healing is a serious problem worldwide that affects patients with various wound types, resulting from burns, traumatic injuries, and diabetes. Despite the wide range of clinically available skin substitutes and the different therapeutic alternatives, delayed healing and scarring are often observed. Recent Advances: Stem cells have arisen as powerful tools to improve skin wound healing, due to features such as effective secretome, self-renewal, low immunogenicity, and differentiation capacity. They represent potentially readily available biological material that can particularly target distinct wound-healing phases. In this context, mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to promote cell migration, angiogenesis, and a possible regenerative rather than fibrotic microenvironment at the wound site, mainly through paracrine signaling with the surrounding cells/tissues. Critical Issues: Despite the current insights, there are still major hurdles to be overcome to achieve effective therapeutic effects. Limited engraftment and survival at the wound site are still major concerns, and alternative approaches to maximize stem cell potential are a major demand. Future Directions: This review emphasizes two main strategies that have been explored in this context. These comprise the exploration of hypoxic conditions to modulate stem cell secretome, and the use of adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction as a source of multiple cells, including stem cells and factors requiring minimal manipulation. Nonetheless, the attainment of these approaches to target successfully skin regeneration will be only evident after a significant number of in vivo works in relevant pre-clinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Teixeira Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério Pedro Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Pinto Marques
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
An AXIN2 Mutant Allele Associated With Predisposition to Colorectal Neoplasia Has Context-Dependent Effects on AXIN2 Protein Function. Neoplasia 2016; 17:463-72. [PMID: 26025668 PMCID: PMC4468370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous, germline nonsense mutations in AXIN2 have been reported in two families with oligodontia and colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition, including an AXIN2 1989G>A mutation. Somatic AXIN2 mutations predicted to generate truncated AXIN2 (trAXIN2) proteins have been reported in some CRCs. Our studies of cells from an AXIN2 1989G>A mutation carrier showed that the mutant transcripts are not significantly susceptible to nonsense-mediated decay and, thus, could encode a trAXIN2 protein. In transient transfection assays, trAXIN2 was more abundant than wild-type AXIN2 protein, and in contrast to AXIN2, glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition did not increase trAXIN2 levels. Like AXIN2, the trAXIN2 protein interacts with β-catenin destruction complex proteins. When ectopically overexpressed, trAXIN2 inhibits β-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent reporter gene activity and SW480 CRC cell colony formation. These findings suggest the trAXIN2 protein may retain some wild-type functions when highly expressed. However, when stably expressed in rat intestinal IEC-6 cells, the trAXIN2 protein did not match AXIN2's activity in inhibiting Wnt-mediated induction of Wnt-regulated target genes, and SW480 cells with stable expression of trAXIN2 but not AXIN2 could be generated. Our data suggest the AXIN2 1989G>A mutation may not have solely a loss-of-function role in CRC. Rather, its contribution may depend on context, with potential loss-of-function when AXIN2 levels are low, such as in the absence of Wnt pathway activation. However, given its apparent increased stability in some settings, the trAXIN2 protein might have gain-of-function in cells with substantially elevated AXIN2 expression, such as Wnt pathway-defective CRC cells.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yin X, Li J, Chen T, Mouraret S, Dhamdhere G, Brunski JB, Zou S, Helms JA. Rescuing failed oral implants via Wnt activation. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:180-92. [PMID: 26718012 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Implant osseointegration is not always guaranteed and once fibrous encapsulation occurs clinicians have few options other than implant removal. Our goal was to test whether a WNT protein therapeutic could rescue such failed implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Titanium implants were placed in over-sized murine oral osteotomies. A lack of primary stability was verified by mechanical testing. Interfacial strains were estimated by finite element modelling and histology coupled with histomorphometry confirmed the lack of peri-implant bone. After fibrous encapsulation was established peri-implant injections of a liposomal formulation of WNT3A protein (L-WNT3A) or liposomal PBS (L-PBS) were then initiated. Quantitative assays were employed to analyse the effects of L-WNT3A treatment. RESULTS Implants in gap-type interfaces exhibited high interfacial strains and no primary stability. After verification of implant failure, L-WNT3A or L-PBS injections were initiated. L-WNT3A induced a rapid, significant increase in Wnt responsiveness in the peri-implant environment, cell proliferation and osteogenic protein expression. The amount of peri-implant bone and bone in contact with the implant were significantly higher in L-WNT3A cases. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate L-WNT3A can induce peri-implant bone formation even in cases where fibrous encapsulation predominates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jingtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sylvain Mouraret
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Girija Dhamdhere
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John B Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kalashnikova I, Das S, Seal S. Nanomaterials for wound healing: scope and advancement. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:2593-612. [PMID: 26295361 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative methods for treating impaired and hard-to-heal wounds are needed. Novel strategies are needed for faster healing by reducing infection, moisturizing the wound, stimulating the healing mechanisms, speeding up the wound closure and reducing scar formation. In the past few years, nanotechnology has been constantly revolutionizing the treatment and management of wound care, by offering novel solutions which include but are not limited to: state-of-the-art materials, so called 'smart' biomaterials and theranostic nanoparticles. Nanotechnology-based therapy has recently announced itself as a possible next-generation therapy that is able to advance wound healing to cure chronic wounds. In this communication, the recent progress in advanced therapy for cutaneous wound healing during last 5 years using a nanotechnology-based approach is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kalashnikova
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Advanced Materials Processing & Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Soumen Das
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Advanced Materials Processing & Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Advanced Materials Processing & Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,Materials Science & Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yin X, Li J, Salmon B, Huang L, Lim WH, Liu B, Hunter DJ, Ransom RC, Singh G, Gillette M, Zou S, Helms JA. Wnt Signaling and Its Contribution to Craniofacial Tissue Homeostasis. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1487-94. [PMID: 26285808 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new field of dental medicine seeks to exploit nature's solution for repairing damaged tissues, through the process of regeneration. Most adult mammalian tissues have limited regenerative capacities, but in lower vertebrates, the molecular machinery for regeneration is an elemental part of their genetic makeup. Accumulating data suggest that the molecular pathways responsible for the regenerative capacity of teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles have fallen into disuse in mammals but that they can be "jumpstarted" by the selective activation of key molecules. The Wnt family of secreted proteins constitutes one such critical pathway: Wnt proteins rank among the most potent and ubiquitous stem cell self-renewing factors, with tremendous potential for promoting human tissue regeneration. Wnt reporter and lineage-tracing strains of mice have been employed to create molecular maps of Wnt responsiveness in the craniofacial tissues, and these patterns of Wnt signaling colocalize with stem/progenitor populations in the rodent incisor apex, the dental pulp, the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament, the cementum, and oral mucosa. The importance of Wnt signaling in both the maintenance and healing of these craniofacial tissues is summarized, and the therapeutic potential of Wnt-based strategies to accelerate healing through activation of endogenous stem cells is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Salmon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Dental School, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cite, Montrouge, France; and AP-HP Odontology Department Bretonneau, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris, France
| | - L Huang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Orthodontic Department, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences; and Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory, Chongqing, China
| | - W H Lim
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D J Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R C Ransom
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G Singh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Gillette
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - S Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bastakoty D, Saraswati S, Cates J, Lee E, Nanney LB, Young PP. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway promotes regenerative repair of cutaneous and cartilage injury. FASEB J 2015; 29:4881-92. [PMID: 26268926 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-275941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing in mammals is a fibrotic process. The mechanisms driving fibrotic (as opposed to regenerative) repair are poorly understood. Herein we report that therapeutic Wnt inhibition with topical application of small-molecule Wnt inhibitors can reduce fibrosis and promote regenerative cutaneous wound repair. In the naturally stented model of ear punch injury, we found that Wnt/β-catenin pathway is activated most notably in the dermis of the wound bed early (d 2) after injury and subsides to baseline levels by d10. Topical application of either of 2 mechanistically distinct small-molecule Wnt pathway inhibitors (a tankyrase inhibitor, XAV-939, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved casein kinase activator, pyrvinium) in C57Bl/6J mice resulted in significantly increased rates of wound closure (72.3 ± 14.7% with XAV-939; and 52.1 ± 20.9% with pyrvinium) compared with contralateral controls (38.1 ± 23.0 and 40.4.± 16.7%, respectively). Histologically, Wnt inhibition reduced fibrosis as measured by α-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts and collagen type I α1 synthesis. Wnt inhibition also restored skin architecture including adnexal structures in ear wounds and dermal-epidermal junction with rete pegs in excisional wounds. Additionally, in ear punch injury Wnt inhibitor treatment enabled regeneration of auricular cartilage. Our study shows that pharmacologic Wnt inhibition holds therapeutic utility for regenerative repair of cutaneous wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dikshya Bastakoty
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarika Saraswati
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin Cates
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ethan Lee
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lillian B Nanney
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pampee P Young
- *Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hunter DJ, Bardet C, Mouraret S, Liu B, Singh G, Sadoine J, Dhamdhere G, Smith A, Tran XV, Joy A, Rooker S, Suzuki S, Vuorinen A, Miettinen S, Chaussain C, Helms JA. Wnt Acts as a Prosurvival Signal to Enhance Dentin Regeneration. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1150-9. [PMID: 25556760 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wnt proteins are lipid-modified, short-range signals that control stem cell self-renewal and tissue regeneration. We identified a population of Wnt responsive cells in the pulp cavity, characterized their function, and then created a pulp injury. The repair response was evaluated over time using molecular, cellular, and quantitative assays. We tested how healing was impacted by wound environments in which Wnt signaling was amplified. We found that a Wnt-amplified environment was associated with superior pulp healing. Although cell death was still rampant, the number of cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly reduced. This resulted in significantly better survival of injured pulp cells, and resulted in the formation of more tertiary dentin. We engineered a liposome-reconstituted form of WNT3A then tested whether this biomimetic compound could activate cells in the injured tooth pulp and stimulate dentin regeneration. Pulp cells responded to the elevated Wnt stimulus by differentiating into secretory odontoblasts. Thus, transiently amplifying the body's natural Wnt response resulted in improved pulp vitality. These data have direct clinical implications for treating dental caries, the most prevalent disease affecting mankind.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hunter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire Bardet
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Sylvain Mouraret
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 7, Université Paris Diderot, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) of Odontology, Paris, France
| | - Bo Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jérémy Sadoine
- EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Girija Dhamdhere
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Smith
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Xuan Vinh Tran
- EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Adrienne Joy
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott Rooker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Division of Cervico-Gnathostomatology Hiroshima, University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Annukka Vuorinen
- BioMediTech, Adult Stem Cell Research, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Student Health Service, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- BioMediTech, Adult Stem Cell Research, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Science Centre, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Dental School, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee SH, Kim MY, Kim HY, Lee YM, Kim H, Nam KA, Roh MR, Min DS, Chung KY, Choi KY. The Dishevelled-binding protein CXXC5 negatively regulates cutaneous wound healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1061-80. [PMID: 26056233 PMCID: PMC4493411 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In human melanoma biopsies and a murine cutaneous wound model, Lee et al. identify the Dishevelled-binding protein CXXC5 as a negative modulator of skin wound healing. CXXC5-deficient mice present accelerated wound healing as well as keratin and collagen synthesis. CXXC5, interacting with Dvl, operates as a negative feedback regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and may represent a potential target for wound treatment. Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays important roles in cutaneous wound healing and dermal fibrosis. However, its regulatory mechanism has not been fully elucidated, and a commercially available wound-healing agent targeting this pathway is desirable but currently unavailable. We found that CXXC-type zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) serves as a negative feedback regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by interacting with the Dishevelled (Dvl) protein. In humans, CXXC5 protein levels were reduced in epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts of acute wounds. A differential regulation of β-catenin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I by overexpression and silencing of CXXC5 in vitro indicated a critical role for this factor in myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production. In addition, CXXC5−/− mice exhibited accelerated cutaneous wound healing, as well as enhanced keratin 14 and collagen synthesis. Protein transduction domain (PTD)–Dvl-binding motif (DBM), a competitor peptide blocking CXXC5-Dvl interactions, disrupted this negative feedback loop and activated β-catenin and collagen production in vitro. Co-treatment of skin wounds with PTD-DBM and valproic acid (VPA), a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) inhibitor which activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, synergistically accelerated cutaneous wound healing in mice. Together, these data suggest that CXXC5 would represent a potential target for future therapies aimed at improving wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soung-Hoon Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Yi Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Heesu Kim
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ae Nam
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Mi Ryung Roh
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology; and Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, College of Medicine; Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jing W, Smith AA, Liu B, Li J, Hunter DJ, Dhamdhere G, Salmon B, Jiang J, Cheng D, Johnson CA, Chen S, Lee K, Singh G, Helms JA. Reengineering autologous bone grafts with the stem cell activator WNT3A. Biomaterials 2015; 47:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
43
|
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) from scar and normal skin areas in patients who suffered acute injuries in the skin. A total of 9 patients with acute injuries in the skin who received surgical treatment from December 2012 to March 2013 were included in this pilot study. Specimens from the hypertrophic scar and normal skin areas were obtained from the same patient during surgery. To screen for differentially expressed miRNAs, we applied 3 statistical methods, namely the traditional t test, the false discovery rate (FDR), and a novel sure independence screening procedure based on the distance correlation (DC-SIS). We examined the functional trends and metabolic and regulatory pathways for the target genes of the identified miRNAs, and explored interaction of these miRNAs in the implication of scar healing using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. DC-SIS identified 18 differentially expressed miRNAs, 4 of which (miR-149, miR-203a, miR-222, miR-122) were also identified by FDR. The target genes of the 4 miRNAs exhibit a variety of biological functions, and are involved in various pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt signaling, and focal adhesion. We identified 1 network in which 14 out of the 18 differentially expressed miRNAs were involved. Many of the miRNAs in the network target genes were involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis.In this pilot study, we identified several miRNAs exhibiting differential expression in patients who suffered acute injuries in the skin. Further studies on these miRNAs are needed to validate our findings and explore their roles in the wound healing process of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- From the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery (PL, QH, CL); and Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery (LQ), The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Biggs LC, Goudy SL, Dunnwald M. Palatogenesis and cutaneous repair: A two-headed coin. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:289-310. [PMID: 25370680 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reparative mechanism that operates following post-natal cutaneous injury is a fundamental survival function that requires a well-orchestrated series of molecular and cellular events. At the end, the body will have closed the hole using processes like cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation and fusion. RESULTS These processes are similar to those occurring during embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. Palatogenesis, the formation of the palate from two independent palatal shelves growing towards each other and fusing, intuitively, shares many similarities with the closure of a cutaneous wound from the two migrating epithelial fronts. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the current information on cutaneous development, wound healing, palatogenesis and orofacial clefting and propose that orofacial clefting and wound healing are conserved processes that share common pathways and gene regulatory networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ross J, Busch J, Mintz E, Ng D, Stanley A, Brafman D, Sutton VR, Van den Veyver I, Willert K. A rare human syndrome provides genetic evidence that WNT signaling is required for reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1770-1780. [PMID: 25464842 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling promotes the reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent state. We provide genetic evidence that WNT signaling is a requisite step during the induction of pluripotency. Fibroblasts from individuals with focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH), a rare genetic syndrome caused by mutations in the essential WNT processing enzyme PORCN, fail to reprogram with standard methods. This blockade in reprogramming is overcome by ectopic WNT signaling and PORCN overexpression, thus demonstrating that WNT signaling is essential for reprogramming. The rescue of reprogramming is critically dependent on the level of WNT signaling: steady baseline activation of the WNT pathway yields karyotypically normal iPSCs, whereas daily stimulation with Wnt3a produces FDH-iPSCs with severely abnormal karyotypes. Therefore, although WNT signaling is required for cellular reprogramming, inappropriate activation of WNT signaling induces chromosomal instability, highlighting the precarious nature of ectopic WNT activation and its tight relationship with oncogenic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ross
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julia Busch
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ellen Mintz
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Damian Ng
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Brafman
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignatia Van den Veyver
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karl Willert
- Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Blagodatski A, Poteryaev D, Katanaev VL. Targeting the Wnt pathways for therapies. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:28. [PMID: 26056595 PMCID: PMC4452063 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial in animal development from sponges to humans. Its activity in the adulthood is less general, with exceptions having huge medical importance. Namely, improper activation of this pathway is carcinogenic in many tissues, most notably in the colon, liver and the breast. On the other hand, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling must be re-activated in cases of tissue damage, and insufficient activation results in regeneration failure and degeneration. These both medically important implications are unified by the emerging importance of this signaling pathway in the control of proliferation of various types of stem cells, crucial for tissue regeneration and, in case of cancer stem cells – cancer progression and relapse. This article aims at briefly reviewing the current state of knowledge in the field of Wnt signaling, followed by a detailed discussion of current medical developments targeting distinct branches of the Wnt pathway for anti-cancer and pro-regeneration therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Blagodatski
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Blagodatski A, Poteryaev D, Katanaev VL. Targeting the Wnt pathways for therapies. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:28. [PMID: 26056595 PMCID: PMC4452063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial in animal development from sponges to humans. Its activity in the adulthood is less general, with exceptions having huge medical importance. Namely, improper activation of this pathway is carcinogenic in many tissues, most notably in the colon, liver and the breast. On the other hand, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling must be re-activated in cases of tissue damage, and insufficient activation results in regeneration failure and degeneration. These both medically important implications are unified by the emerging importance of this signaling pathway in the control of proliferation of various types of stem cells, crucial for tissue regeneration and, in case of cancer stem cells - cancer progression and relapse. This article aims at briefly reviewing the current state of knowledge in the field of Wnt signaling, followed by a detailed discussion of current medical developments targeting distinct branches of the Wnt pathway for anti-cancer and pro-regeneration therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Blagodatski
- />Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- />Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tcf3 promotes cell migration and wound repair through regulation of lipocalin 2. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4088. [PMID: 24909826 PMCID: PMC4052366 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an integral part of re-epithelialization during skin wound healing, a complex process involving molecular controls that are still largely unknown. Here we identify a novel role for Tcf3, an essential transcription factor regulating embryonic and adult skin stem cell functions, as a key effector of epidermal wound repair. We show that Tcf3 is upregulated in skin wounds and that Tcf3 overexpression accelerates keratinocyte migration and skin wound healing. We also identify Stat3 as an upstream regulator of Tcf3. We show that the pro-migration effects of Tcf3 are non-cell autonomous and occur independently of its ability to interact with β-catenin. Finally, we identify lipocalin-2 as the key secreted factor downstream of Tcf3 that promotes cell migration in vitro and wound healing in vivo. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular controls of wound-associated cell migration and identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of defective wound repair.
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu X, Wang HY, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li YQ, Tao K, Wu CT, Jin JD, Liu XY. Adipose-derived stem cells cooperate with fractional carbon dioxide laser in antagonizing photoaging: a potential role of Wnt and β-catenin signaling. Cell Biosci 2014; 4:24. [PMID: 24917925 PMCID: PMC4050444 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-4-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) produce and secrete cytokines/growth factors that antagonize UV-induced photoaging of skin. However, the exact molecular basis underlying the anti-photoaging effects exerted by ADSCs is not well understood, and whether ADSCs cooperate with fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser to facilitate photoaging skin healing process has not been explored. Here, we investigated the impacts of ADSCs on photoaging in a photoaging animal model, its associated mechanisms, and its functional cooperation with fractional CO2 laser in treatment of photoaging skin. RESULTS We showed that ADSCs improved dermal thickness and activated the proliferation of dermal fibroblast. We further demonstrated that the combined treatment of ADSCs and fractional CO2 laser, the latter which is often used to resurface skin and treat wrinkles, had more beneficial effects on the photoaging skin compared with each individual treatment. In our prepared HDF photoaging model, flow cytometry showed that, after adipose derived stem cells conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) co-cultured HDF photoaging model, the cell proliferation rate is higher than UVB irradiation induced HDF modeling (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expressions of β-catenin and Wnt3a, which were up-regulated after the transplantation of ADSCs alone or in combination with fractional CO2 laser treatment. And the expression of wnt3a and β-catenin has the positive correlation with photoaging related protein TGF-β2 and COLI. We also verified these protein expressions in tissue level. In addition, after injected SFRP2 into ADSC-CM co-cultured HDF photoaging model, wnt3a inhibitor, compared with un-intervened group, wnt3a, β-catenin protein level significantly decreased. CONCLUSION Both ADSCs and fractional CO2 laser improved photoaging skin at least partially via targeting dermal fibroblast activity which was increased in photoaging skin. The combinatorial use of ADSCs and fractional CO2 laser synergistically improved the healing process of photoaging skin. Thus, we provide a strong rationale for a combined use of ADSCs and fractional CO2 laser in treatment of photoaging skin in clinic in the future. Moreover, we provided evidence that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may contribute to the activation of dermal fibroblast by the transplantation of ADSCs in both vitro and vivo experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yi Wang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Yan-Qi Li
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Kai Tao
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Ji-de Jin
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Elevated circulation levels of an antiangiogenic SERPIN in patients with diabetic microvascular complications impair wound healing through suppression of Wnt signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:1725-1734. [PMID: 24463424 PMCID: PMC4065799 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing, angiogenesis and hair follicle maintenance are often impaired in the skin of diabetic patients, but the pathogenesis has not been well understood. Here, we report that circulation levels of kallistatin, a member of the serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily with anti-angiogenic activities, were elevated in Type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic vascular complications. To test the hypothesis that elevated kallistatin levels could contribute to a wound healing deficiency via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, we generated kallistatin-transgenic (KS-TG) mice. KS-TG mice had reduced cutaneous hair follicle density, microvascular density, and panniculus adiposus layer thickness as well as altered skin microvascular hemodynamics and delayed cutaneous wound healing. Using Wnt reporter mice, our results showed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is suppressed in dermal endothelium and hair follicles in KS-TG mice. Lithium, a known activator of β-catenin via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, reversed the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by kallistatin and rescued the wound healing deficiency in KS-TG mice. These observations suggest that elevated circulating anti-angiogenic serpins in diabetic patients may contribute to impaired wound healing through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, at a level downstream of Wnt receptors, may ameliorate the wound healing deficiency in diabetic patients.
Collapse
|