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Iron Deficiency in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Deep Dive into the Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020477. [PMID: 33672218 PMCID: PMC7926484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiovascular disease that is caused by the progressive occlusion of the distal pulmonary arteries, eventually leading to right heart failure and death. Almost 40% of patients with PAH are iron deficient. Although widely studied, the mechanisms linking between PAH and iron deficiency remain unclear. Here we review the mechanisms regulating iron homeostasis and the preclinical and clinical data available on iron deficiency in PAH. Then we discuss the potential implications of iron deficiency on the development and management of PAH.
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Olsen OE, Sankar M, Elsaadi S, Hella H, Buene G, Darvekar SR, Misund K, Katagiri T, Knaus P, Holien T. BMPR2 inhibits activin and BMP signaling via wild-type ALK2. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213512. [PMID: 29739878 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/BMP superfamily ligands require heteromeric complexes of type 1 and 2 receptors for ligand-dependent downstream signaling. Activin A, a TGF-β superfamily member, inhibits growth of multiple myeloma cells, but the mechanism for this is unknown. We therefore aimed to clarify how activins affect myeloma cell survival. Activin A activates the transcription factors SMAD2/3 through the ALK4 type 1 receptor, but may also activate SMAD1/5/8 through mutated variants of the type 1 receptor ALK2 (also known as ACVR1). We demonstrate that activin A and B activate SMAD1/5/8 in myeloma cells through endogenous wild-type ALK2. Knockdown of the type 2 receptor BMPR2 strongly potentiated activin A- and activin B-induced activation of SMAD1/5/8 and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, activity of BMP6, BMP7 or BMP9, which may also signal via ALK2, was potentiated by knockdown of BMPR2. Similar results were seen in HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. We propose that BMPR2 inhibits ALK2-mediated signaling by preventing ALK2 from oligomerizing with the type 2 receptors ACVR2A and ACVR2B, which are necessary for activation of ALK2 by activins and several BMPs. In conclusion, BMPR2 could be explored as a possible target for therapy in patients with multiple myeloma.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddrun Elise Olsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Meenu Sankar
- School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Samah Elsaadi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne Hella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Glenn Buene
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sagar Ramesh Darvekar
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristine Misund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Takenobu Katagiri
- Division of Pathophysiology, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Toril Holien
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway .,Department of Hematology, St. Olav's University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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Complex inheritance in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension patients with several mutations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33570. [PMID: 27630060 PMCID: PMC5024326 DOI: 10.1038/srep33570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disease with low incidence and prevalence, and elevated mortality. PAH is characterized by increased mean pulmonary artery pressure. The aim of this study was to analyse patients with combined mutations in BMPR2, ACVRL1, ENG and KCNA5 genes and to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. Major genes were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Genotype-phenotype correlation was performed. Fifty-seven (28 idiopathic PAH, 29 associated PAH group I) were included. Several mutations in different genes, classified as pathogenic by in silico analysis, were present in 26% of PAH patients. The most commonly involved gene was BMPR2 (12 patients) followed by ENG gene (9 patients). ACVRL1 and KCNA5 genes showed very low incidence of mutations (5 and 1 patients, respectively). Genotype-phenotype correlation showed statistically significant differences for gender (p = 0.045), age at diagnosis (p = 0.035), pulmonary vascular resistance (p = 0.030), cardiac index (p = 0.035) and absence of response to treatment (p = 0.011). PAH is consequence of a heterogeneous constellation of genetic arrangements. Patients with several pathogenic mutations seem to display a more severe phenotype.
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Sharma S, Xing F, Liu Y, Wu K, Said N, Pochampally R, Shiozawa Y, Lin HK, Balaji KC, Watabe K. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Mediates Metastatic Dormancy of Prostate Cancer in Bone. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19351-63. [PMID: 27422817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.737379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is known to frequently recur in bone; however, how dormant cells switch its phenotype leading to recurrent tumor remains poorly understood. We have isolated two syngeneic cell lines (indolent and aggressive) through in vivo selection by implanting PC3mm stem-like cells into tibial bones. We found that indolent cells retained the dormant phenotype, whereas aggressive cells grew rapidly in bone in vivo, and the growth rates of both cells in culture were similar, suggesting a role of the tumor microenvironment in the regulation of dormancy and recurrence. Indolent cells were found to secrete a high level of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), which significantly stimulated the expression of BMP7 in bone marrow stromal cells. The secreted BMP7 then kept cancer cells in a dormant state by inducing senescence, reducing "stemness," and activating dormancy-associated p38 MAPK signaling and p21 expression in cancer cells. Importantly, we found that SPARC was epigenetically silenced in aggressive cells by promoter methylation, but 5-azacytidine treatment reactivated the expression. Furthermore, high SPARC promoter methylation negatively correlated with disease-free survival of prostate cancer patients. We also found that the COX2 inhibitor NS398 down-regulated DNMTs and increased expression of SPARC, which led to tumor growth suppression in bone in vivo These findings suggest that SPARC plays a key role in maintaining the dormancy of prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Xing
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | - Yin Liu
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | - Kerui Wu
- From the Departments of Cancer Biology
| | | | - Radhika Pochampally
- the Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | | | | | - K C Balaji
- Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
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Kashima R, Roy S, Ascano M, Martinez-Cerdeno V, Ariza-Torres J, Kim S, Louie J, Lu Y, Leyton P, Bloch KD, Kornberg TB, Hagerman PJ, Hagerman R, Lagna G, Hata A. Augmented noncanonical BMP type II receptor signaling mediates the synaptic abnormality of fragile X syndrome. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra58. [PMID: 27273096 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf6060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) causes fragile X syndrome (FXS), a common inherited form of intellectual disability and autism. FXS correlates with abnormal synapse and dendritic spine development, but the molecular link between the absence of the FMR1 product FMRP, an RNA binding protein, and the neuropathology is unclear. We found that the messenger RNA encoding bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2) is a target of FMRP. Depletion of FMRP increased BMPR2 abundance, especially that of the full-length isoform that bound and activated LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a component of the noncanonical BMP signal transduction pathway that stimulates actin reorganization to promote neurite outgrowth and synapse formation. Heterozygosity for BMPR2 rescued the morphological abnormalities in neurons both in Drosophila and in mouse models of FXS, as did the postnatal pharmacological inhibition of LIMK1 activity. Compared with postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue from healthy subjects, the amount of full-length BMPR2 and of a marker of LIMK1 activity was increased in this brain region from FXS patients. These findings suggest that increased BMPR2 signal transduction is linked to FXS and that the BMPR2-LIMK1 pathway is a putative therapeutic target in patients with FXS and possibly other forms of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kashima
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sougata Roy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Manuel Ascano
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Veronica Martinez-Cerdeno
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA. MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Jeanelle Ariza-Torres
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Justin Louie
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yao Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Patricio Leyton
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Paul J Hagerman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Randi Hagerman
- MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Giorgio Lagna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Liu D, Wu BX, Sun N, Yan Y, Yuan P, Qu JM, Jing ZC. Elevated Levels of Circulating Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Predict Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Chest 2016; 150:367-73. [PMID: 27001265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to show whether circulating bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) levels are associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS A total of 156 patients with PAH including 43 with heritable PAH (HPAH) and 113 with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) diagnosed by gene screening were enrolled in the study. Circulating BMPs were measured by ELISA in plasma samples from patients with HPAH (n = 43) and IPAH (n = 113) and from control subjects (n = 51). Clinical characteristics at baseline and long-term survival were compared according to the different BMP levels. RESULTS Patients with HPAH had significantly higher BMP7 concentrations than patients with IPAH and control subjects (20.1 [interquartile range (IQR), 9.4, 55.2] vs 6.5 [IQR, 3.5, 11.7] and 2.5 [IQR, 0.9, 6.6] pg/mL, respectively; P < .001). Elevated plasma BMP7 were associated with a higher risk of mortality after adjustment for sex, 6-minute walk distance, mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and cardiac output (HR, 1.904; 95% CI, 1.021-3.551; P = .043). Patients with IPAH with a BMP7 level > 7.85 pg/mL had a higher risk of mortality than those with a low BMP7 concentration (P = .042, log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS Levels of circulating BMP7 correlate with mortality in PAH, and may be a predictor of disease in patients with HPAH and IPAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Xiang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Amsalem AR, Marom B, Shapira KE, Hirschhorn T, Preisler L, Paarmann P, Knaus P, Henis YI, Ehrlich M. Differential regulation of translation and endocytosis of alternatively spliced forms of the type II bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:716-30. [PMID: 26739752 PMCID: PMC4750929 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic extension of the long-form isoform of BMPRII, unique among TGF-β superfamily receptors, is found to regulate the translation of BMPRII and its clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Both processes reduce its cell surface levels. The higher expression of BMPRII-SF at the plasma membrane results in enhanced activation of Smad signaling. The expression and function of transforming growth factor-β superfamily receptors are regulated by multiple molecular mechanisms. The type II BMP receptor (BMPRII) is expressed as two alternatively spliced forms, a long and a short form (BMPRII-LF and –SF, respectively), which differ by an ∼500 amino acid C-terminal extension, unique among TGF-β superfamily receptors. Whereas this extension was proposed to modulate BMPRII signaling output, its contribution to the regulation of receptor expression was not addressed. To map regulatory determinants of BMPRII expression, we compared synthesis, degradation, distribution, and endocytic trafficking of BMPRII isoforms and mutants. We identified translational regulation of BMPRII expression and the contribution of a 3’ terminal coding sequence to this process. BMPRII-LF and -SF differed also in their steady-state levels, kinetics of degradation, intracellular distribution, and internalization rates. A single dileucine signal in the C-terminal extension of BMPRII-LF accounted for its faster clathrin-mediated endocytosis relative to BMPRII-SF, accompanied by mildly faster degradation. Higher expression of BMPRII-SF at the plasma membrane resulted in enhanced activation of Smad signaling, stressing the potential importance of the multilayered regulation of BMPRII expression at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet R Amsalem
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Barak Marom
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Keren E Shapira
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Hirschhorn
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Livia Preisler
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pia Paarmann
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Univesitaet Berlin, 1495 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Univesitaet Berlin, 1495 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Yadin D, Knaus P, Mueller TD. Structural insights into BMP receptors: Specificity, activation and inhibition. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:13-34. [PMID: 26690041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β family (TGFβ), which signal through hetero-tetrameric complexes of type I and type II receptors. In humans there are many more TGFβ ligands than receptors, leading to the question of how particular ligands can initiate specific signaling responses. Here we review structural features of the ligands and receptors that contribute to this specificity. Ligand activity is determined by receptor-ligand interactions, growth factor prodomains, extracellular modulator proteins, receptor assembly and phosphorylation of intracellular signaling proteins, including Smad transcription factors. Detailed knowledge about the receptors has enabled the development of BMP-specific type I receptor kinase inhibitors. In future these may help to treat human diseases such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yadin
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13351 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, D-14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13351 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas D Mueller
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Girerd B, Coulet F, Jaïs X, Eyries M, Van Der Bruggen C, De Man F, Houweling A, Dorfmüller P, Savale L, Sitbon O, Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Soubrier F, Simonneau G, Humbert M, Montani D. Characteristics of pulmonary arterial hypertension in affected carriers of a mutation located in the cytoplasmic tail of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2. Chest 2015; 147:1385-1394. [PMID: 25429696 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in BMPR2 encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPRII) is the main genetic risk factor for heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The suspected mechanism is considered to be a defect of BMP signaling. The BMPRII receptor exists in a short isoform without a cytoplasmic tail, which has preserved BMP signaling. METHODS This cohort study compared age at PAH diagnosis and severity between patients carrying a BMPR2 mutation affecting the cytoplasmic tail of BMPRII and affected carriers of a mutation upstream of this domain. RESULTS We identified 171 carriers affected with PAH with a mutated BMPR2. Twenty-three were carriers of a point mutation located on the cytoplasmic tail of BMPRII. This population was characterized by having an older age at diagnosis compared with other BMPR2 mutation carriers (43.2 ± 12.1 years and 35.7 ± 14.6 years, P = .040), a lower pulmonary vascular resistance (13.3 ± 3.5 and 17.4 ± 6.7, P = .023), and a higher proportion of acute vasodilator responders with a long-term response to calcium channel blockers (8.7% and 0%, P = .02). No statistically significant differences were observed in survival. An in vitro assay showed that mutations located in the cytoplasmic tail led to normal activation of the Smad pathway, whereas activation was abolished in the presence of mutations located in the kinase domain. CONCLUSIONS Patients carrying a mutation affecting the cytoplasmic tail of BMPRII were characterized by an older age at diagnosis compared with other BMPR2 mutation carriers, less severe hemodynamic characteristics, and a greater chance of being a long-term responder to calcium channel blockers. Further investigations are needed to better understand the consequences of these BMPR2 mutations in BMPRII signaling pathways and their possible role in pulmonary arterial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Girerd
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Florence Coulet
- Genetics Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Mélanie Eyries
- Genetics Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S 1166), UPMC - Université Paris-Sorbonne, and INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Cathelijne Van Der Bruggen
- Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frances De Man
- Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Houweling
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf
- Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Florent Soubrier
- Genetics Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France; ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S 1166), UPMC - Université Paris-Sorbonne, and INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gérald Simonneau
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- University Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, DHU Thorax Innovation, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U999, LabEx LERMIT, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France.
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BMP type II receptors have redundant roles in the regulation of hepatic hepcidin gene expression and iron metabolism. Blood 2014; 124:2116-23. [PMID: 25075125 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-04-572644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of hepcidin, the hepatic hormone controlling iron homeostasis, is regulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. We sought to identify which BMP type II receptor expressed in hepatocytes, ActR2a or BMPR2, is responsible for regulating hepcidin gene expression. We studied Bmpr2 heterozygous mice (Bmpr2(+/-)), mice with hepatocyte-specific deficiency of BMPR2, mice with global deficiency of ActR2a, and mice in which hepatocytes lacked both BMPR2 and ActR2a. Hepatic hepcidin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, serum hepcidin and iron levels, and tissue iron levels did not differ in wild-type mice, Bmpr2(+/-) mice, and mice in which either BMPR2 or ActR2a was deficient. Deficiency of both BMP type II receptors markedly reduced hepatic hepcidin gene expression and serum hepcidin levels leading to severe iron overload. Iron injection increased hepatic hepcidin mRNA levels in mice deficient in either BMPR2 or ActR2a, but not in mice deficient in both BMP type II receptors. In addition, in mouse and human primary hepatocytes, deficiency of both BMPR2 and ActR2a profoundly decreased basal and BMP6-induced hepcidin gene expression. These results suggest that BMP type II receptors, BMPR2 and ActR2a, have redundant roles in the regulation of hepatic hepcidin gene expression and iron metabolism.
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