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Bachari A, Nassar N, Telukutla S, Zomer R, Dekiwadia C, Piva TJ, Mantri N. In Vitro Antiproliferative Effect of Cannabis Extract PHEC-66 on Melanoma Cell Lines. Cells 2023; 12:2450. [PMID: 37887294 PMCID: PMC10605078 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated early. Melanoma is widely recognized to resist advanced cancer treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and chemotherapy. Numerous studies have shown that various Cannabis sativa extracts exhibit potential anticancer effects against different types of tumours both in vitro and in vivo. This study is the first to report that PHEC-66, a Cannabis sativa extract, displays antiproliferative effects against MM418-C1, MM329 and MM96L melanoma cells. Although these findings suggest that PHEC-66 has promising potential as a pharmacotherapeutic agent for melanoma treatment, further research is necessary to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, NT 0810, Australia
| | - Srinivasareddy Telukutla
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals Limited, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia;
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (N.N.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; (A.B.); (S.T.)
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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2
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Cheng D, Fan J, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Qin K, Shi M, Yang J. Retraction Note: LncRNA SNHG7 promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation through ID4 by sponging miR-342-3p. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:149. [PMID: 37580829 PMCID: PMC10426049 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Cheng
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
| | | | - Yang Ma
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Research Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingrui Yang
- Pancreatic Disease Center, Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, China
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3
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Chetty AK, Ha BH, Boggon TJ. Rho family GTPase signaling through type II p21-activated kinases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:598. [PMID: 36401658 PMCID: PMC10105373 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signaling from the Rho family small GTPases controls a wide range of signaling outcomes. Key among the downstream effectors for many of the Rho GTPases are the p21-activated kinases, or PAK group. The PAK family comprises two types, the type I PAKs (PAK1, 2 and 3) and the type II PAKs (PAK4, 5 and 6), which have distinct structures and mechanisms of regulation. In this review, we discuss signal transduction from Rho GTPases with a focus on the type II PAKs. We discuss the role of PAKs in signal transduction pathways and selectivity of Rho GTPases for PAK family members. We consider the less well studied of the Rho GTPases and their PAK-related signaling. We then discuss the molecular basis for kinase domain recognition of substrates and for regulation of signaling. We conclude with a discussion of the role of PAKs in cross talk between Rho family small GTPases and the roles of PAKs in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin K Chetty
- Yale College, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Byung Hak Ha
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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4
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Retraction statement: High‐intensity focused ultrasound inhibits invasion and metastasis of colon cancer cells by enhancing
microRNA
‐124‐mediated suppression of
STAT3. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:2259. [DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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5
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He S, Zhang K, Cao Y, Liu G, Zou H, Song R, Liu Z. Effect of cadmium on Rho GTPases signal transduction during osteoclast differentiation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1608-1617. [PMID: 35257471 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the key target cells for cadmium (Cd)-induced bone metabolism diseases, while Rho GTPases play an important role in osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. To identify new therapeutic targets of Cd-induced bone diseases; we evaluated signal transduction through Rho GTPases during osteoclast differentiation under the influence of Cd. In osteoclastic precursor cells, 10 nM Cd induced pseudopodia stretching, promoted cell migration, upregulated the levels of Cdc42, and RhoQ mRNAs and downstream Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) and ROCK2 proteins, and downregulated the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) levels. Cd at 2 and 5 μM shortened the pseudopodia, inhibited cell migration, and decreased ROCK1, ROCK2, and ARP2/3 protein levels; Cd at 5 μM also reduced the mRNA expression levels of Rac1, Rac2, and RhoU mRNAs and decreased the level of phosphorylated (p)-cofilin. In osteoclasts, 10 nM Cd induced the formation of sealing zones, slightly upregulated Cdc42 mRNA levels and ROCK2 and ARP2/3 protein levels and significantly reduced p-cofilin levels. Cd at 2 μM and 5 μM Cd blocked the fusion of precursor cells; and 5 μM Cd downregulated the expression levels of RhoB, Rac1, Rac3, and RhoU mRNAs, and ROCK1, p-cofilin and ARP2/3 protein levels, significantly. In vivo, Cd (at 5 or 25 mg/L) increased the levels of key proteins RhoA, Rac1/2/3, Cdc42, and RhoU and their mRNAs in bone marrow cells. In summary, the results suggested that Cd affected the differentiation process of osteoclast and altered the expression of several Rho GTPases, which might be crucial targets of Cd during the differentiation of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kanglei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Ngo PA, Neurath MF, López-Posadas R. Impact of Epithelial Cell Shedding on Intestinal Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084160. [PMID: 35456978 PMCID: PMC9027054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier acts as a first line of defense in the body, and plays a vital role in nutrition and immunoregulation. A layer of epithelial cells bound together via intercellular junction proteins maintains intestinal barrier integrity. Based on a tight equilibrium between cell extrusion and cell restitution, the renewal of the epithelium (epithelial turnover) permits the preservation of cell numbers. As the last step within the epithelial turnover, cell shedding occurs due to the pressure of cell division and migration from the base of the crypt. During this process, redistribution of tight junction proteins enables the sealing of the epithelial gap left by the extruded cell, and thereby maintains barrier function. Disturbance in cell shedding can create transient gaps (leaky gut) or cell accumulation in the epithelial layer. In fact, numerous studies have described the association between dysregulated cell shedding and infection, inflammation, and cancer; thus epithelial cell extrusion is considered a key defense mechanism. In the gastrointestinal tract, altered cell shedding has been observed in mouse models of intestinal inflammation and appears as a potential cause of barrier loss in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite the relevance of this process, there are many unanswered questions regarding cell shedding. The investigation of those mechanisms controlling cell extrusion in the gut will definitely contribute to our understanding of intestinal homeostasis. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about intestinal cell shedding under both physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong A. Ngo
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.A.N.); (M.F.N.)
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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7
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Baskaran Y, Tay FPL, Ng EYW, Swa CLF, Wee S, Gunaratne J, Manser E. Proximity proteomics identifies PAK4 as a component of Afadin-Nectin junctions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5315. [PMID: 34493720 PMCID: PMC8423818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human PAK4 is an ubiquitously expressed p21-activated kinase which acts downstream of Cdc42. Since PAK4 is enriched in cell-cell junctions, we probed the local protein environment around the kinase with a view to understanding its location and substrates. We report that U2OS cells expressing PAK4-BirA-GFP identify a subset of 27 PAK4-proximal proteins that are primarily cell-cell junction components. Afadin/AF6 showed the highest relative biotin labelling and links to the nectin family of homophilic junctional proteins. Reciprocally >50% of the PAK4-proximal proteins were identified by Afadin BioID. Co-precipitation experiments failed to identify junctional proteins, emphasizing the advantage of the BioID method. Mechanistically PAK4 depended on Afadin for its junctional localization, which is similar to the situation in Drosophila. A highly ranked PAK4-proximal protein LZTS2 was immuno-localized with Afadin at cell-cell junctions. Though PAK4 and Cdc42 are junctional, BioID analysis did not yield conventional cadherins, indicating their spatial segregation. To identify cellular PAK4 substrates we then assessed rapid changes (12') in phospho-proteome after treatment with two PAK inhibitors. Among the PAK4-proximal junctional proteins seventeen PAK4 sites were identified. We anticipate mammalian group II PAKs are selective for the Afadin/nectin sub-compartment, with a demonstrably distinct localization from tight and cadherin junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohendran Baskaran
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felicia Pei-Ling Tay
- FB Laboratory, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elsa Yuen Wai Ng
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Lee Foon Swa
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheena Wee
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Quantitative Proteomics Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Manser
- sGSK Group, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Jozic I, Abujamra BA, Elliott MH, Wikramanayake TC, Marjanovic J, Stone RC, Head CR, Pastar I, Kirsner RS, Andreopoulos FM, Musi JP, Tomic-Canic M. Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of caveolin-1 disrupts cytoskeletal organization, inhibits cell migration and re-epithelialization of non-healing wounds. Commun Biol 2021; 4:757. [PMID: 34145387 PMCID: PMC8213848 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although impaired keratinocyte migration is a recognized hallmark of chronic wounds, the molecular mechanisms underpinning impaired cell movement are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that both diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and venous leg ulcers (VLUs) exhibit global deregulation of cytoskeletal organization in genomic comparison to normal skin and acute wounds. Interestingly, we found that DFUs and VLUs exhibited downregulation of ArhGAP35, which serves both as an inactivator of RhoA and as a glucocorticoid repressor. Since chronic wounds exhibit elevated levels of cortisol and caveolin-1 (Cav1), we posited that observed elevation of Cav1 expression may contribute to impaired actin-cytoskeletal signaling, manifesting in aberrant keratinocyte migration. We showed that Cav1 indeed antagonizes ArhGAP35, resulting in increased activation of RhoA and diminished activation of Cdc42, which can be rescued by Cav1 disruption. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both inducible keratinocyte specific Cav1 knockout mice, and MβCD treated diabetic mice, exhibit accelerated wound closure. Taken together, our findings provide a previously unreported mechanism by which Cav1-mediated cytoskeletal organization prevents wound closure in patients with chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Beatriz Abdo Abujamra
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology, and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jelena Marjanovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cheyanne R Head
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fotios M Andreopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan P Musi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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9
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Linfield DT, Gao N, Raduka A, Harford TJ, Piedimonte G, Rezaee F. RSV attenuates epithelial cell restitution by inhibiting actin cytoskeleton-dependent cell migration. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L189-L203. [PMID: 34010080 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00118.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium's ability to repair itself after injury, known as epithelial restitution, is an essential mechanism enabling the respiratory tract's normal functions. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide. We sought to determine whether RSV delays the airway epithelium wound repair process both in vitro and in vivo. We found that RSV infection attenuated epithelial cell migration, a step in wound repair, promoted stress fiber formation, and mediated assembly of large focal adhesions (FA). Inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK), a master regulator of actin function, reversed these effects. There was increased RhoA and phospho-myosin light chain (pMLC2) following RSV infection. In vivo, mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with naphthalene to induce lung injury, followed by RSV infection. RSV infection delayed re-epithelialization. There were increased concentrations of pMLC2 in day 7 naphthalene plus RSV animals which normalized by day 14. This study suggests a key mechanism by which RSV infection delays wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nannan Gao
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, United States
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, United States
| | - Terri J Harford
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, United States
| | | | - Fariba Rezaee
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, United States.,Center for Pediatric Pulmonology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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10
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Epigenetic activation of the small GTPase TCL contributes to colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:86. [PMID: 32999272 PMCID: PMC7528090 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
TC10-like (TCL) is a small GTPase that has been implicated in carcinogenesis. Elevated TCL expression has been observed in many different types of cancers although the underlying epigenetic mechanism is poorly understood. Here we report that TCL up-regulation was associated with high malignancy in both human colorectal cancer biopsy specimens and in cultured colorectal cancer cells. Hypoxia, a pro-metastatic stimulus, up-regulated TCL expression in HT-29 cells. Further studies revealed that myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) promoted migration and invasion of HT-29 cells in a TCL-dependent manner. MRTF-A directly bound to the proximal TCL promoter in response to hypoxia to activate TCL transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that hypoxia stimulation specifically enhanced acetylation of histone H4K16 surrounding the TCL promoter, which was abolished by MRTF-A depletion or inhibition. Mechanistically, MRTF-A interacted with and recruited the H4K16 acetyltransferase hMOF to the TCL promoter to cooperatively regulate TCL transcription. hMOF depletion or inhibition attenuated hypoxia-induced TCL expression and migration/invasion of HT-29 cells. In conclusion, our data identify a novel MRTF-A-hMOF-TCL axis that contributes to colorectal cancer metastasis.
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11
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Chen B, Yuan Y, Sun L, Chen J, Yang M, Yin Y, Xu Y. MKL1 Mediates TGF-β Induced RhoJ Transcription to Promote Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:832. [PMID: 32984327 PMCID: PMC7478007 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential regulation of gene transcription contributes to cancer metastasis. We investigated the involvement of a Rho GTPase (RhoJ) in breast cancer metastasis focusing on the mechanism underlying RhoJ trans-activation by pro-metastatic cues. We report that expression of RhoJ was up-regulated in malignant breast cancer cells compared to more benign ones. Higher RhoJ expression was also detected in human breast cancer biopsy specimens of advanced stages. RhoJ depletion attenuated breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. The pro-metastatic stimulus TGF-β activated RhoJ via megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1). MKL1 interacted with and was recruited by ETS-related gene 1 (ERG1) to the RhoJ promoter to activate transcription. In conclusion, our data delineate a novel transcriptional pathway that contributes to breast cancer metastasis. Targeting the ERG1-MKL1-RhoJ axis may be considered as a reasonable approach to treat malignant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysioloy and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysioloy and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Life and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Translational Medicine, Department of Pathophysioloy and Laboratory Center for Experimental Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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12
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Sun F, Wang Z, Yang Z, Li Y, Cui H, Liu C, Gao D, Wang F, Tan H. Characterization, bioactivity and pharmacokinetic study of a novel carbohydrate-peptide polymer: Glycol-split heparin-endostatin2 (GSHP-ES2). Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Liu Y, Xu J, Zong A, Wang J, Liu Y, Jia W, Jin J, Yan G, Zhang Y. Anti-angiogenic activity and mechanism of a chemically sulfated natural glucan from Phellinus ribis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:2475-2483. [PMID: 29074083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A sulfated polysaccharide named PRP-S16 was obtained by sulfation of a glucan from Phellinus ribis using the chlorosulfonic acid method. PRP-S16 could significantly block the formation of new vessels in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). It could also inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation and significantly reduced the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Western blotting indicated that PRP-S16 down regulated the protein expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), and inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGFR-2, protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in EA.hy926 cells. These findings suggest that the mechanism of action of the anti-angiogenesis activity of PRP-S16 is related to the inhibition of VEGF-induced signaling pathway. PRP-S16 might be utilized as an effective antagonist in combating diseases associated with angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Aizhen Zong
- Institute of Agro-Food Science Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jihui Wang
- Comprehensive Teaching Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuguo Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Tumor Hospital, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Wei Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Juan Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Guangling Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China.
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14
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Short-Term Effects of Y-27632, a Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitor, on Chromatin Supraorganization and DNA Amount in Epithelial Cells of the Rat Cornea and Limbus. Cornea 2017; 36:845-853. [PMID: 28594698 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the short-term effects of instilling Y-27632, an inhibitor of Rho/Rho-associated protein kinases, on the chromatin supraorganization and DNA amount of corneal and limbal epithelial cells of healthy rats. METHODS Longitudinal sections (7 μm) of enucleated eyes of healthy rats that received, by instillation, balanced salt solution with or without 10 mM of Y-27632 daily for 7 or 15 days, were subjected to the Feulgen reaction. Feulgen-stained nuclei of corneal and limbal epithelial cells were studied by microscopy and video image analysis to establish the nuclear size (area and perimeter), supraorganization of chromatin (texture and degrees of condensation), and the Feulgen-DNA amount. RESULTS Instillation of Y-27632 for up to 15 days did not change the size of the nucleus or the chromatin texture of corneal and limbal epithelial cells. Samples treated with Y-27632 for 7 days showed condensed chromatin and a high Feulgen-DNA amount. Both corneal and limbal epithelium showed the presence of near-tetraploid nuclei corresponding to cells in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. The degrees of condensation and Feulgen-DNA amount of the nuclei of epithelial cells of the cornea and limbus of eyes from rats receiving Y-27632 for 15 days did not differ from control (no drug). CONCLUSIONS Changes in chromatin supraorganization and DNA amount, such as seen in this study, are indicative of cell proliferation and do not seem to be associated with disturbances in gene activity and transcription of DNA.
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15
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Hou A, Tin MQ, Tong L. Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B pathway activation in ocular surface epithelial cells. EYE AND VISION 2017; 4:17. [PMID: 28706958 PMCID: PMC5506675 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-017-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-positive bacteria stimulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and then activate the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. As the human ocular surface is heavily colonised by gram-positive cocci bacteria, a balance of activation/repression of NF-κB target genes is essential to avoid uncontrolled infection or autoimmune-related inflammation. It is advantageous to test NF-κB targeting molecules in an ocular surface culture system that allows assessment of temporal NF-κB activation in a longitudinal fashion without destruction of cells. Such initial testing under standardised conditions should reduce the number of molecules that progress to further evaluation in animal models. This study aims to establish an in-vitro cell culture system to assess NF-κB activation in the context of ocular surface cells. METHODS NF-κB activity was evaluated through a secretory alkaline phosphatase reporter assay (SEAP). Immunoblots and immunofluorescence were used to examine IκBα phosphorylation and p65/p50 nuclear localization. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) transcripts were evaluated by real time PCR and protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS NF-κB activity in HCE-T cells treated with TLR2 activator Pam3CSK4 was higher than control cells at both 6 and 24 h. Pam3CSK4-stimulated NF-κB activation was inhibited by IκK inhibitors, Wedelolactone and BMS-345541. In Pam3CSK4 treated cells, active NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 increased in cell nuclear fractions as early as 1.5 h. Although the level of total IκB-α remained constant, phospho-IκB-α increased with treatment over time. In the culture media of Pam3CSK4-stimulated cells, MCP-1 protein level was increased, which was suppressed in the presence of IκK inhibitors. CONCLUSION NF-κB pathway can be activated by the TLR2 ligand and inhibited by IκK inhibitors in the ocular surface cell culture system. This cell culture system may be used to evaluate TLR-related innate defences in ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Hou
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Qi Tin
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) modulates Rho GTPase levels and function via regulation of RhoGDIα. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36952. [PMID: 27841340 PMCID: PMC5107905 DOI: 10.1038/srep36952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In earlier studies, we showed that ATF4 down-regulation affects post-synaptic development and dendritic spine morphology in neurons through increased turnover of the Rho GTPase Cell Division Cycle 42 (Cdc42) protein. Here, we find that ATF4 down-regulation in both hippocampal and cortical neuron cultures reduces protein and message levels of RhoGDIα, a stabilizer of the Rho GTPases including Cdc42. This effect is rescued by an shATF4-resistant active form of ATF4, but not by a mutant that lacks transcriptional activity. This is, at least in part, due to the fact that Arhgdia, the gene encoding RhoGDIα, is a direct transcriptional target of ATF4 as is shown in ChIP assays. This pathway is not restricted to neurons. This is seen in an impairment of cell migration on ATF4 reduction in non-neuronal cells. In conclusion, we have identified a new cellular pathway in which ATF4 regulates the expression of RhoGDIα that in turn affects Rho GTPase protein levels, and thereby, controls cellular functions as diverse as memory and cell motility.
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17
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Ackermann KL, Florke RR, Reyes SS, Tader BR, Hamann MJ. TCL/RhoJ Plasma Membrane Localization and Nucleotide Exchange Is Coordinately Regulated by Amino Acids within the N Terminus and a Distal Loop Region. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23604-23617. [PMID: 27660391 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TCL/RhoJ is a Cdc42-related Rho GTPase with reported activities in endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis, metastatic melanoma, and corneal epithelial cells; however, less is known about how it is inherently regulated in comparison to its closest homologues TC10 and Cdc42. TCL has an N-terminal extension of 18 amino acids in comparison to Cdc42, but the function of this amino acid sequence has not been elucidated. A truncation mutant lacking the N terminus (ΔN) was found to alter TCL plasma membrane localization and nucleotide binding, and additional truncation and point mutants mapped the alterations of TCL biochemistry to amino acids 17-20. Interestingly, whereas the TCL ΔN mutant clearly influenced nucleotide exchange, deletion of the N terminus from its closest homologue, TC10, did not have a similar effect. Chimeras of TCL and TC10 revealed amino acids 121-129 of TCL contributed to the differences in nucleotide loading. Together, these results identify amino acids within the N terminus and a loop region distal to the nucleotide binding pocket of TCL capable of allosterically regulating nucleotide exchange and thus influence membrane association of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly L Ackermann
- From the Biology Department, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota 56601
| | - Rebecca R Florke
- From the Biology Department, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota 56601
| | - Shannon S Reyes
- From the Biology Department, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota 56601
| | - Brooke R Tader
- From the Biology Department, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota 56601
| | - Michael J Hamann
- From the Biology Department, Bemidji State University, Bemidji, Minnesota 56601
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18
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The Role of RhoJ in Endothelial Cell Biology and Tumor Pathology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6386412. [PMID: 27556037 PMCID: PMC4983353 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6386412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background. RhoJ, an endothelially expressed member of Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) subfamily of Rho GTPase, plays an important role in endocytic pathway, adipocyte differentiation, endothelial motility, tube formation, and focal adhesion. RhoJ is a selective and effective therapeutic target in tumor tissues or retinopathy. Methods. A systematic review was related to “small Rho GTPase” or “RhoJ” with “endothelial motility, tube formation and focal adhesion” and “tumor therapy”. This led to many cross-references involving RhoJ and these data have been incorporated into the following study. Results. We have grouped the role of RhoJ according to three main effects: RhoJ regulates endocytic pathway and adipocyte differentiation in early studies, and RhoJ shows an important role in endothelial cell biology; furthermore, RhoJ blockade serves as a target in tumor vasculature and enhances the effects of anticancer drug. Conclusions. More research is necessary to understand the role of RhoJ in many aspects, on the basis of current knowledge of the role of RhoJ blockade in tumor vessels, there are opportunities for the therapy of tumor, and RhoJ is expressed outside tumour vasculature and is involved in wound healing. Taking advantage of the opportunities could result in a development in tumor therapy.
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Meng XG, Yue SW. Dexamethasone disrupts cytoskeleton organization and migration of T47D Human breast cancer cells by modulating the AKT/mTOR/RhoA pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10245-50. [PMID: 25556455 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are commonly co-administered with chemotherapy to prevent drug-induced allergic reactions, nausea, and vomiting, and have anti-tumor functions clinically; however, the distinct effects of GC on subtypes of tumor cells, especially in breast cancer cells, are still not well understood. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of GC on subtypes of T47D breast cancer cells by focusing on apoptosis, cell organization and migration, and underluing molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cell scratch test was performed to observe the cell migration rate in T47D cells treated with dexamethasone (Dex). Hoechst and MTT assays were conducted to detect cell survival and rhodamine-labeled phalloidin staining to observe cytoskeleton dynamics. Related factors in the AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Dex treatment could effectively inhibit T47D breast cancer cell migration with disruption of the cytoskeletal dynamic organization. Moreover, the effect of Dex on cell migration and cytoskeleton may be mediated by AKT/ mTOR/RhoA pathway. Although Dex inhibited T47D cell migration, it alone may not induce cell apoptosis in T47D cells. CONCLUSIONS Dex in T47D human breast cancer cells could effectively inhibit cell migration by disrupting the cytoskeletal dynamic organization, which may be mediated by the AKT/mTOR/RhoA pathway. Our work suggests that glucocorticoid/Dex clinical use may prove helpful for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Guo Meng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China E-mail :
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20
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Kaemmerer E, Kuhn P, Schneider U, Jeon MK, Klaus C, Schiffer M, Weisner D, Liedtke C, Jäkel J, Kennes LN, Hilgers RD, Wagner N, Gassler N. Intestinal genetic inactivation of caspase-8 diminishes migration of enterocytes. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4499-4508. [PMID: 25914458 PMCID: PMC4402296 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i15.4499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To verify the hypothesis that caspase-8 (Casp8), which regulates cellular apoptosis and necroptosis, is critically involved in enterocyte migration.
METHODS: Casp8-silenced Caco2 cells were used in migration assays. In addition, enterocyte-specific Casp8 heterozygous (Casp8+/∆int) or homozygous knockout mice (Casp8∆int) were generated by crossing genetically modified mice carrying loxP recombination sites in intron 2 and 4 of the murine Casp8 gene with transgenic animals expressing a cre-transgene under control of the villin promoter in a pure C57/BL6 genetic background. The nucleoside analog BrdU was injected i.p. in male Casp8+/∆int and Casp8∆int animals 4 h, 20 h, or 40 h before performing morphometric studies. Locations of anti-BrdU-immunostained cells (cellmax) in at least 50 hemi-crypts of 6 histoanatomically distinct intestinal mucosal regions were numbered and extracted for statistical procedures. For the mice cohort (n = 28), the walking distance of enterocytes was evaluated from cellmax within crypt (n = 57), plateau (n = 19), and villus (n = 172) positions, resulting in a total of 6838 observations. Data analysis was performed by fitting a three-level mixed effects model to the data.
RESULTS: In cell culture experiments with Caco2 cells, Casp8 knockdown efficiency mediated by RNA interference on Casp8 transcripts was 80% controlled as determined by Western blotting. In the scratch assay, migration of Casp8-deleted Caco2 cells was significantly diminished when compared with controls (Casp8∆scramble and Caco2). In BrdU-labeled Casp8∆int mice, cellmax locations were found along the hemi-crypts in a lower position than it was for Casp8+/∆int or control (cre-negative) animals. Statistical data analysis with a three-level mixed effects model revealed that in the six different intestinal locations (distinct segments of the small and large intestine), cell movement between the three mice groups differed widely. Especially in duodenal hemi-crypts, enterocyte movement was different between the groups. At 20 h, duodenal cellmax location was significantly lower in Casp8∆int (25.67 ± 2.49) than in Casp8+/∆int (35.67 ± 4.78; P < 0.05) or control littermates (44.33 ± 0.94; P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Casp8-dependent migration of enterocytes is likely involved in intestinal physiology and inflammation-related pathophysiology.
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21
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Yan F, Zhang GH, Feng M, Zhang W, Zhang JN, Dong WQ, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhang MX. Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Protects against Hyperglycemic-Induced Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Improves Myocardial Dysfunction by Suppressing Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Activity. Mol Med 2015; 21:15-25. [PMID: 25715248 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Under high glucose conditions, endothelial cells respond by acquiring fibroblast characteristics, that is, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), contributing to diabetic cardiac fibrosis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has cardioprotective properties independent of its glucose-lowering effect. However, the potential mechanism has not been fully clarified. Here we investigated whether GLP-1 inhibits myocardial EndMT in diabetic mice and whether this is mediated by suppressing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). Streptozotocin diabetic C57BL/6 mice were treated with or without GLP-1 analog (24 nmol/kg daily) for 24 wks. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were cultured in normal glucose (NG) (5.5 mmol/L) or high glucose (HG) (30 mmol/L) medium with or without GLP-1analog. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot were performed to evaluate EndMT and PARP-1 activity. Diabetes mellitus attenuated cardiac function and increased cardiac fibrosis. Treatment with the GLP-1 analog improved diabetes mellitus-related cardiac dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that hyperglycemia markedly increased the percentage of von Willebrand factor (vWF)(+)/alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)(+) cells in total α-SMA(+) cells in diabetic hearts compared with controls, which was attenuated by GLP-1 analog treatment. In cultured HAECs, immunofluorescent staining and Western blot also showed that both GLP-1 analog and PARP-1 gene silencing could inhibit the HG-induced EndMT. In addition, GLP-1 analog could attenuate PARP-1 activation by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, GLP-1 treatment could protect against the hyperglycemia-induced EndMT and myocardial dysfunction. This effect is mediated, at least partially, by suppressing PARP-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-ning Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-qian Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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22
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Kiwanuka E, Lee CC, Hackl F, Caterson EJ, Junker JP, Gerdin B, Eriksson E. Cdc42 and p190RhoGAP activation by CCN2 regulates cell spreading and polarity and induces actin disassembly in migrating keratinocytes. Int Wound J 2014; 13:372-81. [PMID: 25185742 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration requires spatiotemporal integration of signals that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. In response to a migration-promoting agent, cells begin to polarise and extend protrusions in the direction of migration. These cytoskeletal rearrangements are orchestrated by a variety of proteins, including focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the Rho family of GTPases. CCN2, also known as connective tissue growth factor, has emerged as a regulator of cell migration but the mechanism by which CCN2 regulates keratinocyte function is not well understood. In this article, we sought to elucidate the basic mechanism of CCN2-induced cell migration in human keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate that treatment with CCN2 induces a migratory phenotype through actin disassembly, spreading of lamellipodia and re-orientation of the Golgi. In vitro assays were used to show that CCN2-induced cell migration is dependent on FAK, RhoA and Cdc42, but independent of Rac1. CCN2-treated keratinocytes displayed increased Cdc42 activity and decreased RhoA activity up to 12 hours post-treatment, with upregulation of p190RhoGAP. An improved understanding of how CCN2 regulates cell migration may establish the foundation for future therapeutics in fibrotic and neoplastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kiwanuka
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cameron Cy Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian Hackl
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward J Caterson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan Pe Junker
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bengt Gerdin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elof Eriksson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sadok A, Marshall CJ. Rho GTPases: masters of cell migration. Small GTPases 2014; 5:e29710. [PMID: 24978113 PMCID: PMC4107589 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.29710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the late eighties, the role of Rho GTPases in the regulation of cell migration has been extensively studied and has mainly focused on the hallmark family members Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Recent technological advances in cell biology, such as Rho-family GTPase activity biosensors, studies in 3D, and unbiased RNAi-based screens, have revealed an increasingly complex role for Rho GTPases during cell migration, with many inter-connected functions and a strong dependency on the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding environment. This review aims to give an overview of recent studies on the role of Rho-family GTPase members in the modulation of cell migration in different environments, and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Sadok
- The Institute of Cancer Research; Division of Cancer Biology; London, UK
| | - Chris J Marshall
- The Institute of Cancer Research; Division of Cancer Biology; London, UK
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