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Paroha R, Wang J, Lee S. PDCD4 as a marker of mTOR pathway activation and therapeutic target in mycobacterial infections. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0006224. [PMID: 38912807 PMCID: PMC11302300 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00062-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) is instrumental in regulating a range of cellular processes such as translation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and inflammatory responses. There is a notable inverse correlation between PDCD4 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is integral to cellular growth control. Activation of mTOR is associated with the degradation of PDCD4. Although the role of PDCD4 is well established in oncogenesis and immune response regulation, its function in mycobacterial infections and its interplay with the mTOR pathway necessitate further elucidation. This study investigates the modulation of PDCD4 expression in the context of mycobacterial infections, revealing a consistent pattern of downregulation across diverse mycobacterial species. This observation underscores the potential utility of PDCD4 as a biomarker for assessing mTOR pathway activation during such infections. Building on this finding, we employed a novel approach using PDCD4-based mTOR (Tor)-signal-indicator (TOSI) reporter cells for the high-throughput screening of FDA-approved drugs, focusing on mTOR inhibitors. This methodology facilitated the identification of several agents, inclusive of known mTOR inhibitors, which upregulated PDCD4 expression and concurrently exhibited efficacy in impeding mycobacterial proliferation within macrophages. These results not only reinforce the significance of PDCD4 as a pivotal marker in the understanding of infectious diseases, particularly mycobacterial infections, but also illuminate its potential in the identification of mTOR inhibitors, thereby contributing to the advancement of therapeutic strategies. IMPORTANCE This study emphasizes the critical role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in macrophage responses to mycobacterial infections, elucidating how mycobacteria activate mTOR, resulting in PDCD4 degradation. The utilization of the (Tor)-signal-indicator (TOSI) vector for real-time monitoring of mTOR activity represents a significant advancement in understanding mTOR regulation during mycobacterial infection. These findings deepen our comprehension of mycobacteria's innate immune mechanisms and introduce PDCD4 as a novel marker for mTOR activity in infectious diseases. Importantly, this research laid the groundwork for high-throughput screening of mTOR inhibitors using FDA-approved drugs, offering the potential for repurposing treatments against mycobacterial infections. The identification of drugs that inhibit mTOR activation opens new avenues for host-directed therapies, marking a significant step forward in combating tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Paroha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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2
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Liu H, Tang L, Li Y, Xie W, Zhang L, Tang H, Xiao T, Yang H, Gu W, Wang H, Chen P. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current views on the tumor microenvironment's impact on drug resistance and clinical outcomes. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:20. [PMID: 38254110 PMCID: PMC10802008 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) exhibits significant variations across different ethnic groups and geographical regions, with Southeast Asia and North Africa being endemic areas. Of note, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely associated with almost all of the undifferentiated NPC cases. Over the past three decades, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have formed the cornerstone of NPC treatment. However, recent advancements in immunotherapy have introduced a range of promising approaches for managing NPC. In light of these developments, it has become evident that a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial. The TME serves a dual function, acting as a promoter of tumorigenesis while also orchestrating immunosuppression, thereby facilitating cancer progression and enabling immune evasion. Consequently, a comprehensive comprehension of the TME and its intricate involvement in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of NPC is imperative for the development of effective anticancer drugs. Moreover, given the complexity of TME and the inter-patient heterogeneity, personalized treatment should be designed to maximize therapeutic efficacy and circumvent drug resistance. This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the TME within the context of EBV-induced NPC, with a particular emphasis on its pivotal role in regulating intercellular communication and shaping treatment responses. Additionally, the review offers a concise summary of drug resistance mechanisms and potential strategies for their reversal, specifically in relation to chemoradiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, recent advances in clinical trials pertaining to NPC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanxian Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenji Xie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Xiao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmin Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wangning Gu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Kaczmarek MP. Heterogenous circulating miRNA changes in ME/CFS converge on a unified cluster of target genes: A computational analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296060. [PMID: 38157384 PMCID: PMC10756525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a debilitating, multisystem disease of unknown mechanism, with a currently ongoing search for its endocrine mediators. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are a promising candidate for such a mediator and have been reported as significantly different in the patient population versus healthy controls by multiple studies. None of these studies, however, agree with each other on which specific miRNA are under- or over-expressed. This discrepancy is the subject of the computational study presented here, in which a deep dive into the predicted gene targets and their functional interactions is conducted, revealing that the aberrant circulating miRNAs in ME/CFS, although different between patients, seem to mainly target the same specific set of genes (p ≈ 0.0018), which are very functionally related to each other (p ≲ 0.0001). Further analysis of these functional relations, based on directional pathway information, points to impairments in exercise hyperemia, angiogenic adaptations to hypoxia, antioxidant defenses, and TGF-β signaling, as well as a shift towards mitochondrial fission, corroborating and explaining previous direct observations in ME/CFS. Many transcription factors and epigenetic modulators are implicated as well, with currently uncertain downstream combinatory effects. As the results show significant similarity to previous research on latent herpesvirus involvement in ME/CFS, the possibility of a herpesvirus origin of these miRNA changes is also explored through further computational analysis and literature review, showing that 8 out of the 10 most central miRNAs analyzed are known to be upregulated by various herpesviruses. In total, the results establish an appreciable and possibly central role for circulating microRNAs in ME/CFS etiology that merits further experimental research.
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Chen Y, Lin T, Tang L, He L, He Y. MiRNA signatures in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:5805-5824. [PMID: 38187072 PMCID: PMC10767356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancerous tumor that affects the head and neck region. Recent studies have provided compelling evidence indicating the significant involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development and progression of NPC. This review aims to present a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding miRNA signatures in NPC, encompassing their expression patterns, molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic implications. Initially, the article outlines the aberrant expression of miRNAs in NPC and elucidates their roles in tumor initiation, invasion, and metastasis. Subsequently, the underlying molecular mechanisms of miRNA-mediated regulation of NPC-associated signaling pathways are discussed. Additionally, the review highlights the potential clinical applications of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as their therapeutic potential in NPC treatment. In conclusion, this review underscores the critical involvement of miRNAs in NPC pathogenesis and underscores their promise as novel therapeutic targets for combating this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab for The Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, China
| | - Le Tang
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, China
| | - Lan He
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingchun He
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine and Protecting Visual Function, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab for The Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, China
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Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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6
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Abou Harb M, Meckes DG, Sun L. Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 enhances levels of large extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1. J Virol 2023; 97:e0021923. [PMID: 37702487 PMCID: PMC10617501 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00219-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A growing body of evidence has supported the notion that viruses utilize EVs and associated pathways to incorporate viral products. This allows for the evasion of an immune response while enabling viral spread within the host. Given that viral proteins often elicit strong antigenic peptides that are recognized by T cells, the regulation of the PD-L1 pathway through the overexpression of lEV-associated PD-L1 may serve as a strategy for immune evasion by viruses. The discovery that EBV LMP1 increases the secretion of PD-L1 in larger EVs identifies a new potential target for immune blockade therapy in EBV-associated cancers. Our findings may help to clarify the mechanism of LMP1-mediated enhancement of PD-L1 packaging into lEVs and may lead to the identification of more specific targets for treatment. Additionally, the identification of lEV biomarkers that predict a viral origin of disease could allow for more targeted therapies to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Abou Harb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - David G. Meckes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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7
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Li R, Liu Y, Zhou F, Yang H, Li J, Dai N, Sun W, Kong J, Gao S. Clinical Significance of Porphyromonas gingivalis Enriching Cancer Stem Cells by Inhibiting Programmed Cell Death Factor 4 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1846-1857. [PMID: 37723647 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Studies have confirmed that the colonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) could promote the malignant evolution of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Since pathogenic microorganisms can promote malignant tumor proliferation by inhibiting programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) and the decrease of PDCD4 activity can enhance the stemness of cancer cells, we here investigated the functional mechanism by which Pg promoted ESCC chemoresistance and malignancy through inhibiting PDCD4 and enriching cancer stem cells (CSCs). The effects of Pg and PDCD4 on CSCs, chemoresistance and malignancy of ESCC cells were evaluated by in vitro studies. The expression of Pg, PDCD4, and ALDH1 in ESCC tissues were detected by IHC, and the correlations between each index and postoperative survival of ESCC patients were analyzed. The results showed that Pg could inhibit PDCD4 expression and lead to CSCs enrichment in ESCC cells. After eliminating Pg, the expression of PDCD4 was upregulated, the percentage of CSCs, chemoresistance and malignancy were decreased. ESCC patients with Pg-positive, PDCD4-negative, and ALDH1-positive have a significant shorter survival. This study proved that eliminating Pg and blocking CSCs enrichment caused by decreasing PDCD4 activity may provide a new strategy for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenctics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- Anyang Tumour Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Anyang Tumour Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Junkuo Li
- Anyang Tumour Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ningtao Dai
- Anyang Tumour Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wei Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jinyu Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenctics, Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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8
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Neugebauer E, Bastidas-Quintero AM, Weidl D, Full F. Pioneer factors in viral infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286617. [PMID: 37876935 PMCID: PMC10591220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneer factors are transcription factors sharing the fascinating ability to bind to compact chromatin and thereby alter its transcriptional fate. Most pioneer factors are known for their importance during embryonic development, for instance, in inducing zygotic genome activation or cell fate decision. Some pioneer factors are actively induced or downregulated by viral infection. With this, viruses are capable to modulate different signaling pathways resulting for example in MHC-receptor up/downregulation which contributes to viral immune evasion. In this article, we review the current state of research on how different viruses (Herpesviruses, Papillomaviruses and Hepatitis B virus) use pioneer factors for their viral replication and persistence in the host, as well as for the development of viral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Neugebauer
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for Herpes-Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varizellla-Zoster Virus (VZV), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aura M. Bastidas-Quintero
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for Herpes-Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varizellla-Zoster Virus (VZV), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Weidl
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Full
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Consulting Laboratory for Herpes-Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varizellla-Zoster Virus (VZV), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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El-Mahdy HA, Mohamadin AM, Abulsoud AI, Khidr EG, El-Husseiny AA, Ismail A, Elsakka EGE, Mokhlis HA, El-Husseiny HM, Doghish AS. miRNAs as potential game-changers in head and neck cancer: Future clinical and medicinal uses. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154457. [PMID: 37058745 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors formed most frequently from epithelial cells of the larynx, lips, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and mouth. Numerous epigenetic components, including miRNAs, have been demonstrated to have an impact on HNCs characteristics like progression, angiogenesis, initiation, and resistance to therapeutic interventions. The miRNAs may control the production of numerous genes linked to HNCs pathogenesis. The roles that miRNAs play in angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis are responsible for this impact. The miRNAs also have an impact on crucial HNCs-related mechanistic networks like the WNT/β-catenin signaling, PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway, TGFβ, and KRAS mutations. miRNAs may affect how the HNCs respond to treatments like radiation and chemotherapy in addition to pathophysiology. This review aims to demonstrate the relationship between miRNAs and HNCs with a particular emphasis on how miRNAs impact HNCs signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Mohamadin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Hamada Ahmed Mokhlis
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai Cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Al Qalyubia 13736, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr, Cairo 11231, Egypt.
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10
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Sen A, Enriquez J, Rao M, Glass M, Balachandran Y, Syed S, Twist CJ, Weinberg K, Boyd SD, Bernstein D, Trickey AW, Gratzinger D, Tan B, Lapasaran MG, Robien MA, Brown M, Armstrong B, Desai D, Mazariegos G, Chin C, Fishbein TM, Venick RS, Tekin A, Zimmermann H, Trappe RU, Anagnostopoulos I, Esquivel CO, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Host microRNAs are decreased in pediatric solid-organ transplant recipients during EBV+ Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Front Immunol 2022; 13:994552. [PMID: 36304469 PMCID: PMC9595046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.994552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of solid organ transplantation. Predisposing factors include primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, reactivation of EBV in recipient B cells, and decreased T cell immunity due to immunosuppression. In our previous studies EBV infection was demonstrated to markedly alter the expression of host B cell microRNA (miR). Specifically, miR-194 expression was uniquely suppressed in EBV+ B cell lines from PTLD patients and the 3’untranslated region of IL-10 was determined to be targeted by miR-194. Although EBV has been shown to regulate host miR expression in B cell lymphoma cell lines, the expression of miRs in the circulation of patients with EBV-associated PTLD has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine if changes in miR expression are associated with EBV+ PTLD. In this study, we have shown that miR-194 is significantly decreased in EBV+PTLD tumors and that additional miRs, including miRs-17, 19 and 106a are also reduced in EBV+PTLD as compared to EBV-PTLD. We quantitated the levels of miRs-17, 19, 106a, 155, and 194 in the plasma and extracellular vesicles (EV; 50-70 nm as determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis) from pediatric recipients of solid organ transplants with EBV+ PTLD+ that were matched 1:2 with EBV+ PTLD- pediatric transplant recipients as part of the NIH-sponsored Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation in Children, (CTOTC-06) study. Levels of miRs-17, 19, 106a, and 194 were reduced in the plasma and extracellular vesicles (EV) of EBV+ PTLD+ group compared to matched controls, with miRs-17 (p = 0.034; plasma), miRs-19 (p = 0.029; EV) and miR-106a (p = 0.007; plasma and EV) being significantly reduced. Similar levels of miR-155 were detected in the plasma and EV of all pediatric SOT recipients. Importantly, ~90% of the cell-free miR were contained within the EV supporting that EBV+ PTLD tumor miR are detected in the circulation and suggesting that EVs, containing miRs, may have the potential to target and regulate cells of the immune system. Further development of diagnostic, mechanistic and potential therapeutic uses of the miRs in PTLD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayantika Sen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeanna Enriquez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mahil Rao
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Marla Glass
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yarl Balachandran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sharjeel Syed
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Clare J. Twist
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amber W. Trickey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brent Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mary Gay Lapasaran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark A. Robien
- Division of Allergy Immunity Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Merideth Brown
- Division of Allergy Immunity Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Brian Armstrong
- Rho Federal Systems Division, Rho, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Dev Desai
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - George Mazariegos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Clifford Chin
- Department of Pediatrics and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Robert S. Venick
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akin Tekin
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Heiner Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology, DIAKO Ev. Diakoniekrankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf U. Trappe
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology, DIAKO Ev. Diakoniekrankenhaus, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Hematology and Oncology , University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Carlos O. Esquivel
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sheri M. Krams
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Sheri M. Krams,
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11
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The Virus-Induced Upregulation of the miR-183/96/182 Cluster and the FoxO Family Protein Members Are Not Required for Efficient Replication of HSV-1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081661. [PMID: 36016282 PMCID: PMC9414244 DOI: 10.3390/v14081661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) expresses a large number of miRNAs, and their function is still not completely understood. In addition, HSV-1 has been found to deregulate host miRNAs, which adds to the complexity of the regulation of efficient virus replication. In this study, we comprehensively addressed the deregulation of host miRNAs by massive-parallel sequencing. We found that only miRNAs expressed from a single cluster, miR-183/96/182, are reproducibly deregulated during productive infection. These miRNAs are predicted to regulate a great number of potential targets involved in different cellular processes and have only 33 shared targets. Among these, members of the FoxO family of proteins were identified as potential targets for all three miRNAs. However, our study shows that the upregulated miRNAs do not affect the expression of FoxO proteins, moreover, these proteins were upregulated in HSV-1 infection. Furthermore, we show that the individual FoxO proteins are not required for efficient HSV-1 replication. Taken together, our results indicate a complex and redundant response of infected cells to the virus infection that is efficiently inhibited by the virus.
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12
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Li HL, Deng NH, He XS, Li YH. Small biomarkers with massive impacts: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and microRNA crosstalk regulate nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biomark Res 2022; 10:52. [PMID: 35883139 PMCID: PMC9327212 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the head and neck in Southeast Asia and southern China. The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is involved in processes related to tumour initiation/progression, such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance, and is closely related to the clinicopathological features of NPC. In addition, key genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway undergo many changes in NPC. More interestingly, a growing body of evidence suggests an interaction between this signalling pathway and microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the interactions between key components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and various miRNAs and their importance in NPC pathology and explore potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Medical College, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Nian-Hua Deng
- Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, International Joint Laboratory for Arteriosclerotic Disease Research of Hunan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Sheng He
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology in Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute of Medical College, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, P.R. China.
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13
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Chemotherapy Resistance: Role of Mitochondrial and Autophagic Components. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061462. [PMID: 35326612 PMCID: PMC8945922 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy resistance is a common occurrence during cancer treatment that cancer researchers are attempting to understand and overcome. Mitochondria are a crucial intracellular signaling core that are becoming important determinants of numerous aspects of cancer genesis and progression, such as metabolic reprogramming, metastatic capability, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, can influence both the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy and the degree of drug resistance. Regardless of the fact that mitochondria are well-known for coordinating ATP synthesis from cellular respiration in cellular bioenergetics, little is known its mitophagy regulation in chemoresistance. Recent advancements in mitochondrial research, mitophagy regulatory mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance are discussed in this review. Abstract Cancer chemotherapy resistance is one of the most critical obstacles in cancer therapy. One of the well-known mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance is the change in the mitochondrial death pathways which occur when cells are under stressful situations, such as chemotherapy. Mitophagy, or mitochondrial selective autophagy, is critical for cell quality control because it can efficiently break down, remove, and recycle defective or damaged mitochondria. As cancer cells use mitophagy to rapidly sweep away damaged mitochondria in order to mediate their own drug resistance, it influences the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy as well as the degree of drug resistance. Yet despite the importance of mitochondria and mitophagy in chemotherapy resistance, little is known about the precise mechanisms involved. As a consequence, identifying potential therapeutic targets by analyzing the signal pathways that govern mitophagy has become a vital research goal. In this paper, we review recent advances in mitochondrial research, mitophagy control mechanisms, and their implications for our understanding of chemotherapy resistance.
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14
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Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) from Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) Strains M81 and B95.8 Modulate miRNA Expression When Expressed in Immortalized Human Nasopharyngeal Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020353. [PMID: 35205397 PMCID: PMC8871543 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous γ herpesvirus strongly associated with nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and the viral oncogenicity in part relies on cellular effects of the viral latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1). It was previously described that EBV strains B95.8 and M81 differ in cell tropism and the activation of the lytic cycle. Nonetheless, it is unknown whether LMP1 from these strains have different effects when expressed in nasopharyngeal cells. Thus, herein we evaluated the effects of EBV LMP1 derived from viral strains B95.8 and M81 and expressed in immortalized nasopharyngeal cells NP69SV40T in the regulation of 91 selected cellular miRNAs. We found that cells expressing either LMP1 behave similarly in terms of NF-kB activation and cell migration. Nonetheless, the miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p were expressed at higher levels in cells expressing LMP1 B95.8 compared to M81. Additionally, results generated by in silico pathway enrichment analysis indicated that LMP1 M81 distinctly regulate genes involved in cell cycle (i.e., RB1), mRNA processing (i.e., NUP50), and mitochondrial biogenesis (i.e., ATF2). In conclusion, LMP1 M81 was found to distinctively regulate miRs 100-5p, 192-5p, and 574-3p, and the in silico analysis provided valuable clues to dissect the molecular effects of EBV LMP1 expressed in nasopharyngeal cells.
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15
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Yuan L, Li S, Chen Q, Xia T, Luo D, Li L, Liu S, Guo S, Liu L, Du C, Jia G, Li X, Lu Z, Yang Z, Liu H, Mai H, Tang L. EBV infection-induced GPX4 promotes chemoresistance and tumor progression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1513-1527. [PMID: 35105963 PMCID: PMC9346003 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first oncogenic virus identified in humans. It is primarily associated with multiple lymphoid and epithelial cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its association with ferroptosis and its role in cancer therapy resistance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that EBV infection reduces the sensitivity of NPC cells to ferroptosis by activating the p62-Keap1-NRF2 signaling pathway in conjunction with upregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression. Knockdown of endogenous GPX4 or blockade of GPX4 using a specific inhibitor enhanced the chemosensitivity of EBV-infected NPC cells. Functional studies revealed that GPX4 knockdown suppresses the proliferation and colony formation of NPC cells. Mechanistically, GPX4 interacts with the TAK1-TAB1/TAB3 complex, regulates TAK1 kinase activity, and further activates downstream MAPK-JNK and NFκB pathways. High GPX4 expression is correlated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with NPC and other cancer types. Taken together, our findings suggest that EBV infection has important effects on redox homeostasis, revealing a previously unappreciated role for GPX4 in tumor progression. This novel mechanism provides a potential new target for the treatment of EBV-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shibing Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tianliang Xia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Donghua Luo
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liangji Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sailan Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaochao Du
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guodong Jia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zijian Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhenchong Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haiqiang Mai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Linquan Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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16
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Xiao J, He X. Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs in Chemo- and Radioresistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:8781-8794. [PMID: 34849030 PMCID: PMC8627240 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s336265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is radiation therapy supplemented by chemotherapy. However, long-term radiation therapy can cause some genetic and proteomic changes to produce radiation resistance, leading to tumour recurrence and poor prognosis. Therefore, the search for new markers that can overcome the resistance of tumor cells to drugs and radiotherapy and improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to drugs and radiotherapy is one of the most important goals of pharmacogenomics and cancer research, which is important for predicting treatment response and prognosis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), may play important roles in regulating chemo- and radiation resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by controlling the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair, as well as other signalling pathways. Recent research has suggested that selective modulation of ncRNA activity can improve the response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, providing an innovative antitumour approach based on ncRNA-related gene therapy. Therefore, ncRNAs can serve as biomarkers for tumour prediction and prognosis, play a role in overcoming drug resistance and radiation resistance in NPC, and can also serve as targets for developing new therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the involvement of ncRNAs in chemotherapy and radiation resistance in NPC. The effects of these molecules on predicting therapeutic cancer are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xiao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumour Cellular & Molecular Pathology Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiusheng He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumour Cellular & Molecular Pathology Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Leonardi L, Sibéril S, Alifano M, Cremer I, Joubert PE. Autophagy Modulation by Viral Infections Influences Tumor Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743780. [PMID: 34745965 PMCID: PMC8569469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative process important for balancing cellular homeostasis at critical times in development and/or in response to nutrient stress. This is particularly relevant in tumor model in which autophagy has been demonstrated to have an important impact on tumor behavior. In one hand, autophagy limits tumor transformation of precancerous cells in early stage, and in the other hand, it favors the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to antitumor therapies in more advanced tumors. This catabolic machinery can be induced by an important variety of extra- and intracellular stimuli. For instance, viral infection has often been associated to autophagic modulation, and the role of autophagy in virus replication differs according to the virus studied. In the context of tumor development, virus-modulated autophagy can have an important impact on tumor cells' fate. Extensive analyses have shed light on the molecular and/or functional complex mechanisms by which virus-modulated autophagy influences precancerous or tumor cell development. This review includes an overview of discoveries describing the repercussions of an autophagy perturbation during viral infections on tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonardi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
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18
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Activation of MEK1/2/Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway by Epstein-Barr Virus-Latent Membrane Protein 1 Enhances Autophagy and Cisplatin Resistance in T-Cell Lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6668947. [PMID: 34239803 PMCID: PMC8235988 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) was associated with lymphoma, but its specific mechanism is still controversial. The study is aimed at studying the regulation of lymphoma resistance by EBV-LMP1 through the MEK1/2/Nrf-2 signaling pathway. First, LMP1 was knocked down in EBV-positive SNK-6 cells and overexpressed in EBV-negative KHYG-1 cells. First, we found that overexpression of LMP1 significantly promoted the resistance of KHYG-1 cells to cisplatin (DDP), which was related to increased autophagy in the cells. In contrast, knockdown of LMP1 expression in SNK-6 cells promoted cellular sensitivity to DDP and reduced the autophagy of cells after DDP treatment. Moreover, specific inhibition of autophagy in KHYG-1 cells significantly attenuated the resistance to DDP caused by overexpression of LMP1, but treatment with rapamycin in SNK-6 cells significantly promoted the autophagy in the cells. Subsequently, overexpression of LMP1 promoted the activation of the MEK1/2-Nrf2 pathway in KYHG-1 cells, whereas knockdown of LMP1 in SNK-6 cells inhibited the activation of the MEK1/2-Nrf2 pathway. Inhibition of MEK1/2/Nrf-2 blocked the promoting effects of LMP1 on lymphoma cell resistance. In conclusion, EBV-LMP1 promotes cell autophagy after DDP treatment by activating the MEK1/2/Nrf-2 signaling pathway in lymphoma cells, thus, enhancing the resistance of lymphoma cells to DDP.
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19
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Sadri Nahand J, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Taghizadieh M, Ebrahimi MS, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Khatami A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Mirzaei HR, Rahimian N, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. Oncogenic viruses and chemoresistance: What do we know? Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105730. [PMID: 34119621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is often referred to as a major leading reason for cancer therapy failure, causing cancer relapse and further metastasis. As a result, an urgent need has been raised to reach a full comprehension of chemoresistance-associated molecular pathways, thereby designing new therapy methods. Many of metastatic tumor masses are found to be related with a viral cause. Although combined therapy is perceived as the model role therapy in such cases, chemoresistant features, which is more common in viral carcinogenesis, often get into way of this kind of therapy, minimizing the chance of survival. Some investigations indicate that the infecting virus dominates other leading factors, i.e., genetic alternations and tumor microenvironment, in development of cancer cell chemoresistance. Herein, we have gathered the available evidence on the mechanisms under which oncogenic viruses cause drug-resistance in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliReza Khatami
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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20
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He G, Ding J, Zhang Y, Cai M, Yang J, Cho WC, Zheng Y. microRNA-21: a key modulator in oncogenic viral infections. RNA Biol 2021; 18:809-817. [PMID: 33499700 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1880756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic viruses are associated with approximately 15% of human cancers. In viral infections, microRNAs play an important role in host-pathogen interactions. miR-21 is a highly conserved non-coding RNA that not only regulates the development of oncogenic viral diseases, but also responds to the regulation of intracellular signal pathways. Oncogenic viruses, including HBV, HCV, HPV, and EBV, co-evolve with their hosts and cause persistent infections. The upregulation of host miR-21 manipulates key cellular pathways to evade host immune responses and then promote viral replication. Thus, a better understanding of the role of miR-21 in viral infections may help us to develop effective genetically-engineered oncolytic virus-based therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guitian He
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juntao Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yong'e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology' and 'Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, CAAS, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou China
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21
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Abstract
Viral infections lead to the death of more than a million people each year around the world, both directly and indirectly. Viruses interfere with many cell functions, particularly critical pathways for cell death, by affecting various intracellular mediators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major example of these mediators because they are involved in many (if not most) cellular mechanisms. Virus-regulated miRNAs have been implicated in three cell death pathways, namely, apoptosis, autophagy, and anoikis. Several molecules (e.g., BECN1 and B cell lymphoma 2 [BCL2] family members) are involved in both apoptosis and autophagy, while activation of anoikis leads to cell death similar to apoptosis. These mechanistic similarities suggest that common regulators, including some miRNAs (e.g., miR-21 and miR-192), are involved in different cell death pathways. Because the balance between cell proliferation and cell death is pivotal to the homeostasis of the human body, miRNAs that regulate cell death pathways have drawn much attention from researchers. miR-21 is regulated by several viruses and can affect both apoptosis and anoikis via modulating various targets, such as PDCD4, PTEN, interleukin (IL)-12, Maspin, and Fas-L. miR-34 can be downregulated by viral infection and has different effects on apoptosis, depending on the type of virus and/or host cell. The present review summarizes the existing knowledge on virus-regulated miRNAs involved in the modulation of cell death pathways. Understanding the mechanisms for virus-mediated regulation of cell death pathways could provide valuable information to improve the diagnosis and treatment of many viral diseases.
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Human Cytomegalovirus UL7, miR-US5-1, and miR-UL112-3p Inactivation of FOXO3a Protects CD34 + Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells from Apoptosis. mSphere 2021; 6:6/1/e00986-20. [PMID: 33408225 PMCID: PMC7845589 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00986-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection of myeloid lineage cells, such as CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) or monocytes, results in the upregulation of antiapoptotic cellular proteins that protect the newly infected cells from programmed cell death. The mechanisms used by HCMV to regulate proapoptotic cellular proteins upon infection of CD34+ HPCs have not been fully explored. Here, we show that HCMV utilizes pUL7, a secreted protein that signals through the FLT3 receptor, and miR-US5-1 and miR-UL112-3p to reduce the abundance and activity of the proapoptotic transcription factor FOXO3a at early times after infection of CD34+ HPCs. Regulation of FOXO3a by pUL7, miR-US5-1, and miR-UL112 results in reduced expression of the proapoptotic BCL2L11 transcript and protection of CD34+ HPCs from virus-induced apoptosis. These data highlight the importance of both viral proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) in protecting CD34+ HPCs from apoptosis at early times postinfection, allowing for the establishment of latency and maintenance of viral genome-containing cells.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes serious disease in immunocompromised individuals and is a significant problem during transplantation. The virus can establish a latent infection in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and periodically reactivate to cause disease in the absence of an intact immune system. What viral gene products are required for successful establishment of latency is still not fully understood. Here, we show that both a viral protein and viral miRNAs are required to prevent apoptosis after infection of CD34+ HPCs. HCMV pUL7 and miRNAs miR-US5-1 and miR-UL112-3p act to limit the expression and activation of the transcription factor FOXO3a, which in turn reduces expression of proapoptotic gene BCL2L11 and prevents virus-induced apoptosis in CD34+ HPCs.
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Epstein-Barr Virus Mediated Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092441. [PMID: 32872147 PMCID: PMC7565514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is known to contribute in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) carcinogenesis. The oncogenic roles of the EBV proteins and non-coding RNAs in NPC are becoming evident with the aid of current advances in genome-wide and in-depth molecular analyses. This current work provides a comprehensive overview, which covers recent understandings of the pathogenic role of EBV infection in NPC. Perspectives on molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the pathogenesis of NPC, focusing on the connection between EBV and NPC cells and the corresponding signaling pathways are highlighted. Cancer hallmarks associated with EBV in NPC development are also discussed herein. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors occurring in China and Southeast Asia. Etiology of NPC seems to be complex and involves many determinants, one of which is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although evidence demonstrates that EBV infection plays a key role in NPC carcinogenesis, the exact relationship between EBV and dysregulation of signaling pathways in NPC needs to be clarified. This review focuses on the interplay between EBV and NPC cells and the corresponding signaling pathways, which are modulated by EBV oncoproteins and non-coding RNAs. These altered signaling pathways could be critical for the initiation and progression of NPC.
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Non-coding RNAs in drug resistance of head and neck cancers: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110231. [PMID: 32428836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC), which includes epithelial malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract (oral cavity, oropharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and thyroid), are slowly but consistently increasing, while the overall survival rate remains unsatisfactory. Because of the multifunctional anatomical intricacies of the head and neck, disease progression and therapy-related side effects often severely affect the patient's appearance and self-image, as well as their ability to breathe, speak, and swallow. Patients with HNC require a multidisciplinary approach involving surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutics. Chemotherapy is an important part of the comprehensive treatment of tumors, especially advanced HNC, but drug resistance is the main cause of poor clinical efficacy. The most important determinant of this phenomenon is still largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs have a crucial role in HNC drug resistance. In addition, they can serve as biomarkers in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HNCs. In this review, we summarize the relationship between non-coding RNAs and drug resistance of HNC, and discuss their potential clinical application in overcoming HNC chemoresistance.
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Tian Y, Tang L, Yi P, Pan Q, Han Y, Shi Y, Rao S, Tan S, Xia L, Lin J, Oyang L, Tang Y, Liang J, Luo X, Liao Q, Wang H, Zhou Y. MiRNAs in Radiotherapy Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:3976-3985. [PMID: 32328201 PMCID: PMC7171507 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck in Southeast Asia and southern China. Although the comprehensive treatment based on intensity-modulated radiation therapy improves outcomes, the five-year survival rate of NPC patients is low, and the recurrence remains high. Radiotherapy resistance is the main cause of poor prognosis in NPC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs regulating various biological functions in eukaryotes. These miRNAs can regulate the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by affecting the proliferation, apoptosis, movement, invasion and metastasis of NPC cells. The abnormal expression of miRNAs is closely related to radiotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of NPC patients, which can affect the transmission of related signaling pathways by regulating the expression of tumor suppressor genes and / or oncogenes, and therefore participate in radiotherapy resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Here, we review the mechanisms by which miRNAs may be involved in the radiotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Tian
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Tang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Pin Yi
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Pan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yingrui Shi
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Rao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaxin Liang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University and Hunan Cancer Hospital, Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Province, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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Heawchaiyaphum C, Iizasa H, Ekalaksananan T, Burassakarn A, Kiyono T, Kanehiro Y, Yoshiyama H, Pientong C. Epstein-Barr Virus Infection of Oral Squamous Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030419. [PMID: 32188127 PMCID: PMC7144007 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with various cancers. The number of reports that describe infection of EBV in oral squamous carcinoma cells is increasing. However, there is no available in vitro model to study the possible role of EBV in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Herein, we report establishment of a latent EBV infection of well-differentiated HSC1 cells and poorly differentiated SCC25 cells. Viral copy numbers per cell in EBV-infected HSC1 and SCC25 cells are 2 and 5, respectively. Although the EBV copy number was small, spontaneous viral replication was observed in EBV-infected HSC1 cells. Contrarily, infectious viral production was not observed in EBV-infected SCC25 cells, despite containing larger number of EBV genomes. Chemical activation of cells induced expression of viral lytic BZLF1 gene in EBV-infected HSC1 cells, but not in EBV-infected SCC25 cells. EBV infection activated proliferation and migration of HSC1 cells. However, EBV-infection activated migration but not proliferation in SCC25 cells. In conclusion, EBV can infect squamous cells and establish latent infection, but promotion of cell proliferation and of lytic EBV replication may vary depending on stages of cell differentiation. Our model can be used to study the role of EBV in the development of EBV-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Hisashi Iizasa
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ati Burassakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Virology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Kanehiro
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hironori Yoshiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; (H.I.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (C.P.)
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.H.); (T.E.); (A.B.)
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (C.P.)
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Mohammed EM. Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2020; 12:1179573519894955. [PMID: 32009827 PMCID: PMC6971968 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519894955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an aberrant immune system that affects patients' quality of life. Several environmental factors have previously been proposed to associate with MS pathophysiology, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking. These factors may influence cellular molecularity, interfering with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review argues that small noncoding RNA named microRNA (miRNA) influences these factors' mode of action. Dysregulation in the miRNAs network may deeply impact cellular hemostasis, thereby possibly resulting in MS pathogenicity. This article represents a literature review and an author's theory of how environmental factors may induce dysregulations in the miRNAs network, which could ultimately affect MS pathogenicity.
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Liu W, Song YY, Wang JY, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Luo B. Dysregulation of FOXO transcription factors in Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma. Virus Res 2019; 276:197808. [PMID: 31712122 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer (GC). Forkhead box class O (FOXO) transcription factors play important roles in tumor suppression. This study aims to investigate the interplay between EBV and FOXOs in EBV-associated GC (EBVaGC). The results showed that EBV infection of GC cells led to the downregulation of FOXO1 by the inhibition of its mRNA and protein expression. FOXO3 protein is repressed by EBV infection. FOXO4 mRNA is upregulated in EBV-positive cell lines, while its protein expression is downregulated. FOXO1, FOXO3 and FOXO4 proteins are upregulated following PI3K inhibition in GT39 cells, confirming that they are partially suppressed by the PI3K/AKT pathway. However, the upregulation of FOXO1 and FOXO3 by single transfection with LMP1 or LMP2A implies that the dysregulation of FOXOs in EBVaGC is affected by various EBV latent genes and that PI3K/AKT signaling is not the only mechanism of FOXO regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying-Ying Song
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOH/MOE), Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Central Hospital of Zibo, 54 Gongqingtuan Road, ZiBo, 255036, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Yang Y, Qin X, Meng X, Zhu X, Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang Z. MicroRNA Expression Profile in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Sheep Vaccinated with Nigeria 75/1 Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111025. [PMID: 31694166 PMCID: PMC6893480 DOI: 10.3390/v11111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of the highly contagious transboundary viral diseases of small ruminants. Host microRNA (miRNA) expression patterns may change in response to virus infection, and it mainly works as a post-transcriptional moderator in gene expression and affects viral pathogenesis and replication. In this study, the change of miRNA expression profile in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBMC) from sheep inoculated with PPR vaccine virus in vivo as well as primary sheep testicular (ST) cells inoculated with PPR vaccine virus in vitro were determined via deep sequencing technology. In PBMC cells, 373 and 115 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified 3 days and 5 days post inoculated (dpi), respectively. While, 575 DEmiRNAs were identified when comparing miRNA profiles on 5 dpi with 3 dpi. Some of the DEmiRNAs were found to change significantly via time-course during PPR vaccine virus inoculated. Similarly, in ST cells, 136 DEmiRNAs were identified at 3 dpi in comparison with mock-inoculation. A total of 12 DEmiRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The oar-miR-150, oar-miR-370-3p and oar-miR-411b-3p were found common differentially expressed in both PPR vaccine virus-inoculated PBMC cells and ST cells. Targets prediction and functional analysis of the DEmiRNAs uncovered mainly gathering in antigen processing and presentation pathways, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum pathways and cell adhesion molecules pathways. Our study supplies information about the DEmiRNAs in PPR vaccine virus-inoculated PBMC cells and ST cells, and provides clues for further understanding the function of miRNAs in PPR vaccine virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanmin Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0931-8374622
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Wang H, Li W, Tan G. [Long non-coding RNA XIST modulates cisplatin resistance by altering PDCD4 and Fas-Lexpressions in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HNE1 cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:357-363. [PMID: 31068307 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X inactive specific transcript (XIST) in modulating cisplatin (DDP) resistance of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and investigate the possible mechanism. METHODS Realtime PCR was performed to detect the expression of XIST in cisplatin-resistant human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line HNE1/DDP. The effects of up-regulation and down-regulation of XIST on DDP resistance, proliferation and apoptosis of HNE1/ DDP cells were assessed using MTT assay, EdU assay and flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the changes in the expressions of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and Fas ligand (Fas-L) proteins in the cells in response to up-regulation or down-regulation of XIST. RESULTS The expression of XIST was significantly up-regulated in HNE1/DDP cells in comparison with HNE1 cells (0.57±0.06 vs 0.1±0.02, P < 0.05). Down-regulation of XIST significantly decreased while up-regulation of XIST obviously increased DDP resistance of HNE1/DDP cells (P < 0.05). Down-regulation of XIST significantly reduced the proliferation (6.17 ± 1.93 vs 16.59 ± 4.86, P < 0.05) and enhanced apoptosis [(18.04 ± 4.72)% vs (4.22 ± 1.65)%, P < 0.05], while upregulating XIST enhanced the proliferation (25.40±7.21 vs 13.16±3.95, P < 0.05) and inhibited apoptosis [(2.82±0.88)% vs (6.46± 1.75)%, P < 0.05] in HNE1/DDP cells. Down-regulation of XIST significantly increased the protein expressions of PDCD4 and Fas-L (P < 0.05) in HNE1/DDP cells, and up-regulation of XIST resulted in reverse changes in PDCD4 and Fas-L expressions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS XIST is up-regulated in HNE1/DDP cells, and down-regulation and up-regulation of XIST expression reduce and increase DDP resistance of the cells, respectively, possibly as a result of changes in the expressions of PDCD4 and Fas-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Guolin Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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In vivo and in vitro study of co-expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 86:617-625. [PMID: 31375471 PMCID: PMC9422379 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, an epithelial-derived malignant tumor which because of its anatomical location and atypical early symptoms, when diagnosed invasion and metastasis often have occurred. This requires a better understanding of the development mechanism, identifying diagnostic markers, and developing new treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in specimens obtained from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (n=42) and nasopharyngitis patients (n=22) were examined. The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in LMP1-negative and LMP1-positive (CNE1-LMP1) cells were also examined. RESULTS The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 was significantly higher in nasopharyngeal carcinoma than in nasopharyngitis (p<0.05). Their expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with metastasis were significantly higher than that without metastasis (p<0.05), which was correlated with TNM staging (p<0.05). High Cripto-1 expression and high proliferation rate were seen in CNE1-LMP1 cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression of LMP1 and Cripto-1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is positively related. Their co-expression might contribute to the proliferation and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Huang L, Hu C, Chao H, Wang R, Lu H, Li H, Chen H. miR-29c regulates resistance to paclitaxel in nasopharyngeal cancer by targeting ITGB1. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Bilbao-Arribas M, Abendaño N, Varela-Martínez E, Reina R, de Andrés D, Jugo BM. Expression analysis of lung miRNAs responding to ovine VM virus infection by RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:62. [PMID: 30658565 PMCID: PMC6339376 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short endogenous, single-stranded, noncoding small RNA molecules of approximately 22 nucleotides in length. They regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by silencing mRNA expression, thus orchestrating many physiological processes. The Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) group includes the Visna Maedi Virus (VMV) and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAEV) viruses, which cause a disease in sheep and goats characterized by pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis and encephalitis. Their main target cells are from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. To date, there are no studies on the role of miRNAs in this viral disease. RESULTS Using RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics analysis, the expression levels of miRNAs during different clinical stages of infection were studied. A total of 212 miRNAs were identified, of which 46 were conserved sequences in other species but found for the first time in sheep, and 12 were completely novel. Differential expression analysis comparing the uninfected and seropositive groups showed changes in several miRNAs; however, no significant differences were detected between seropositive asymptomatic and diseased sheep. The robust increase in the expression level of oar-miR-21 is consistent with its increased expression in other viral diseases. Furthermore, the target prediction of the dysregulated miRNAs revealed that they control genes involved in proliferation-related signalling pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt, AMPK and ErbB pathways. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting miRNA profiling in sheep in response to SRLV infection. The known functions of oar-miR-21 as a regulator of inflammation and proliferation appear to be a possible cause of the lesions caused in the sheep's lungs. This miRNA could be an indicator for the severity of the lung lesions, or a putative target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bilbao-Arribas
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Naiara Abendaño
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Endika Varela-Martínez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ramsés Reina
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Damián de Andrés
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology (CSIC-UPNA-Government of Navarra), Avenida de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Begoña M Jugo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
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34
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Ramezani A, Nikravesh H, Faghihloo E. The roles of FOX proteins in virus-associated cancers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3347-3361. [PMID: 30362516 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins play a crucial role in regulating the expression of genes involved in multiple biological processes, such as metabolism, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and longevity. Deregulation of FOX proteins is commonly associated with cancer initiation, progression, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance in many human tumors. FOX proteins deregulate through genetic events and the perturbation of posttranslational modification. The purpose of the present review is to describe the deregulation of FOX proteins by oncoviruses. Oncoviruses utilize various mechanisms to deregulate FOX proteins, including alterations in posttranslational modifications, cellular localization independently of posttranslational modifications, virus-encoded miRNAs, activation or suppression of a series of cell signaling pathways. This deregulation can affect proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance, and immunosuppression in virus-induced cancers and help to chronic viral infection, development of gluconeogenic responses, and inflammation. Since the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is the upstream FOXO, suppressing it can cause FOXO function to return, and this can be one of the reasons for patients to recover from the infection of the viruses used to treat these inhibitors. Hence, FOX proteins could serve as prognosis markers and target therapy specifically in cancers caused by oncoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramezani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hojatolla Nikravesh
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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35
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Corrà F, Agnoletto C, Minotti L, Baldassari F, Volinia S. The Network of Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2018; 8:327. [PMID: 30211115 PMCID: PMC6123370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in most cellular functions. The disruption of their function through somatic mutations, genomic imprinting, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, plays an ever-increasing role in cancer development. ncRNAs, including notorious microRNAs, have been thus proposed to function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, often in a context-dependent fashion. In parallel, ncRNAs with altered expression in cancer have been reported to exert a key role in determining drug sensitivity or restoring drug responsiveness in resistant cells. Acquisition of resistance to anti-cancer drugs is a major hindrance to effective chemotherapy and is one of the most important causes of relapse and mortality in cancer patients. For these reasons, non-coding RNAs have become recent focuses as prognostic agents and modifiers of chemo-sensitivity. This review starts with a brief outline of the role of most studied non-coding RNAs in cancer and then highlights the modulation of cancer drug resistance via known ncRNAs based mechanisms. We identified from literature 388 ncRNA-drugs interactions and analyzed them using an unsupervised approach. Essentially, we performed a network analysis of the non-coding RNAs with direct relations with cancer drugs. Within such a machine-learning framework we detected the most representative ncRNAs-drug associations and groups. We finally discussed the higher integration of the drug-ncRNA clusters with the goal of disentangling effectors from downstream effects and further clarify the involvement of ncRNAs in the cellular mechanisms underlying resistance to cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Corrà
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoletto
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Linda Minotti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Baldassari
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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36
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Fan C, Tang Y, Wang J, Xiong F, Guo C, Wang Y, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Wu X, Li Y, Li X, Li G, Xiong W, Zeng Z. The emerging role of Epstein-Barr virus encoded microRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:2852-2864. [PMID: 30123354 PMCID: PMC6096363 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic herpes virus that is closely associated with the initiation and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lymphoma and other malignant tumors. EBV encodes 44 mature miRNAs that regulate viral and host cell gene expression and plays a variety of roles in biological functions and the development of cancer. In this review, we summarized the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded microRNAs (EBV miRNAs) in tumor immune evasion, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, invasion, metastasis and as a potential biomarker for NPC diagnosis and prognosis. The knowledge generated by EBV miRNAs can be used for EBV miRNA-based precision cancer treatments in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science,, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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LncRNA KCNQ1OT1 regulates proliferation and cisplatin resistance in tongue cancer via miR-211-5p mediated Ezrin/Fak/Src signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:742. [PMID: 29970910 PMCID: PMC6030066 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous findings have demonstrated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation plays a key role in many human neoplasms, including tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), yet the potential mechanisms of lncRNAs in chemo-resistance remain elusive. Our research showed that the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was upregulated in chemo-insensitive TSCC tissues compared with chemo-sensitive TSCC specimens. Meanwhile, high KCNQ1OT1 expression was closely correlated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, KCNQ1OT1 promoted TSCC proliferation and conferred TSCC resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Using online database analysis, we predicted that the lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 facilitates tumor growth and chemo-resistance by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to modulate the expression of miR-211-5p. And miR-211-5p upregulation significantly impaired TSCC proliferation and resumed TSCC chemo-sensitivity, which is contrary to the function of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1. Luciferase experiments confirmed that miR-211-5p harbor binding sites for the 3'-UTRof Ezrin mRNA, and Ezrin/Fak/Src signaling was activated in cisplatin-resistant TSCC cells. Finally, miR-211-5p inhibition in sh-KCNQ1OT1-expressing TSCC cells rescued the suppressed cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance induced by KCNQ1OT1 knockdown. In summary, our study has elucidated the role of the oncogenic lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in TSCC growth and chemo-resistance, which may serve as a new target for TSCC therapy.
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Zhou Y, Xia L, Lin J, Wang H, Oyang L, Tan S, Tian Y, Su M, Wang H, Cao D, Liao Q. Exosomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:767-777. [PMID: 29581754 PMCID: PMC5868140 DOI: 10.7150/jca.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized (30-100nm) membrane microvesicles secreted through a complex cellular process. Exosomes contain a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, microRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), playing an important role in the cell-to-cell substance transportation and signal transduction. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related exosomes (NPC-Exo) have been identified in circulating blood and contribute to tumor cell proliferation, angiopoiesis, and immune tolerance through remodeling of tumor microenvironment (TME). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma-related exosomes may also induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus promoting tumor metastasis and chemoradioresistance. Clinically, the exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and targeted therapies of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This review article updates the understanding of exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jingguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Heran Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794, USA
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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39
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He F, Wei L, Luo W, Liao Z, Li B, Zhou X, Xiao X, You J, Chen Y, Zheng S, Li P, Murata M, Huang G, Zhang Z. Glutaredoxin 3 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth and metastasis via EGFR/Akt pathway and independent of ROS. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37000-37012. [PMID: 27203742 PMCID: PMC5095054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 3 (GLRX3) is antioxidant enzyme, maintaining a low level of ROS, thus contributing to the survival and metastasis of several types of cancer. However, the expression and functions of GLRX3 have not been addressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, we found that GLRX3 was overexpressed in NPC. Knockdown of GLRX3 in NPC cell lines inhibited proliferation in vitro, tumorignesis in vivo, and colony formation. In addition, GLRX3 knockdown decreased the migration and invasion capacity of NPC cells by reversing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, stabilization of GLRX3 was positively related to with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and negatively with ROS generation. Phosphorylation of Akt, a key downstream effector, was induced by EGFR signaling but did not rely on increasing ROS level in NPC cells. GLRX3 might be an oncoprotein in NPC, playing important roles in increasing redox reaction and activating EGFR/ Akt signals, so it may be a therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhipeng Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingping You
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shixing Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mariko Murata
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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40
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Martin SL, Kala R, Tollefsbol TO. Mechanisms for the Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cells by Sulforaphane through Epigenetic Modulation of MicroRNA-21 and Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) Down-regulation. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 18:97-106. [PMID: 28176652 PMCID: PMC5577390 DOI: 10.2174/1568009617666170206104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modulations such as histone modifications are becoming increasingly valued for their ability to modify genes without altering the DNA sequence. Many bioactive compounds have been shown to alter genetic and epigenetic profiles in various cancers. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as kale, cabbage and broccoli sprouts, is one of the most potent histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) to date. Recently, it has been identified that HDACis may play a vital role in regulating microRNAs (miRs) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to identify if aberrant HDAC, hTERT and miR levels could be regulated through novel dietary-based approaches in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. METHODS We evaluated the in vitro epigenetic effects of SFN on CRC cells by MTT assay, cellular density assay, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell cycle analysis, western-blot assay, HDAC activity assay and teloTAGGG telomerase PCR Elisa assay. RESULTS We demonstrated the inhibitory effects of physiologically relevant concentrations of SFN in both HCT116 and RKO CRC cells, and showed for the first time that SFN treatment decreased cell density, significantly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in CRC cells. We also found that practical doses of SFN significantly down-regulated oncogenic miR-21, HDAC and hTERT mRNA, protein and enzymatic levels in CRC cells. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that the regulation of HDAC, hTERT and miR-21 is a promising approach for delaying and/or preventing CRC and may be accomplished via the consumption of SFN in cruciferous vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Martin
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Rishabh Kala
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1802 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1675 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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Epigenetic Modifications and Head and Neck Cancer: Implications for Tumor Progression and Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071506. [PMID: 28704968 PMCID: PMC5535996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most prevalent cancer and one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide. Despite continuous efforts to identify molecular markers for early detection, and to develop efficient treatments, the overall survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients remain poor. Accumulated scientific evidences suggest that epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone covalent modifications, chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNAs, are frequently involved in oral carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to therapy. Epigenetic alterations occur in an unsystematic manner or as part of the aberrant transcriptional machinery, which promotes selective advantage to the tumor cells. Epigenetic modifications also contribute to cellular plasticity during tumor progression and to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal ability. CSCs are involved in the development of intrinsic or acquired therapy resistance, and tumor recurrences or relapse. Therefore, the understanding and characterization of epigenetic modifications associated with head and neck carcinogenesis, and the prospective identification of epigenetic markers associated with CSCs, hold the promise for novel therapeutic strategies to fight tumors. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge on epigenetic modifications observed in HNSCC and emerging Epi-drugs capable of sensitizing HNSCC to therapy.
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He Y, Zhang L, Cheng G, Yuan R, Zhuang Y, Zhang D, Zhou D, Xu X. Upregulation of circulating miR-21 is associated with poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:7362-7368. [PMID: 31966577 PMCID: PMC6965269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases including cancer. The aim of current study was to reveal the potential clinical significance of serum miR-21 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). CCK8 assay was used to evaluate the effects of miR-21 overexpression/downregulation on the chemoresistance of NPC cells. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression level of serum miR-21 in NPC patients and healthy volunteers. Then clinical significance of serum miR-21 was further investigated. Our results showed that miR-21 overexpression could enhance the chemoresistance of NPC cells to cisplatin, and vice versa. In addition, serum miR-21 was significantly upregulated in NPC patients and enhanced serum miR-21 level was associated with poor prognosis of NPC. Furthermore, its level was much higher in NPC patients resistant to cisplatin based chemotherapy and could discriminate the patients in the responding group from the non-responding group with high accuracy. The proportions of patients that resistant to chemotherapy were higher in the high serum miR-21 group. Finally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that enhanced serum miR-21 was a poor indicator of both overall and disease free survival among the patients who received cisplatin based chemotherapy. Taken together, serum miR-21 might be employed as a potential biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome and chemoresistance of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- Department of Radiation, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfields General HospitalDaqing, China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfields General HospitalDaqing, China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Radiation, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, China
| | - Renbing Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfields General HospitalDaqing, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfields General HospitalDaqing, China
| | - Dehui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfields General HospitalDaqing, China
| | - Daming Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfields General HospitalDaqing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfields General HospitalDaqing, China
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An update: Epstein-Barr virus and immune evasion via microRNA regulation. Virol Sin 2017; 32:175-187. [PMID: 28669004 PMCID: PMC6702289 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-017-3996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus that ubiquitously establishes
life-long persistence in humans. To ensure its survival and maintain its B cell
transformation function, EBV has developed powerful strategies to evade host immune
responses. Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are powerful
regulators of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize
current progress on how EBV utilizes miRNAs for immune evasion. EBV encodes miRNAs
targeting both viral and host genes involved in the immune response. The miRNAs are
found in two gene clusters, and recent studies have demonstrated that lack of these
clusters increases the CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell response of infected cells. These reports
strongly indicate that EBV miRNAs are critical for immune evasion. In addition, EBV
is able to dysregulate the expression of a variety of host miRNAs, which influence
multiple immune-related molecules and signaling pathways. The transport via exosomes
of EBV-regulated miRNAs and viral proteins contributes to the construction and
modification of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. During EBV immune evasion,
viral proteins, immune cells, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and
pro-apoptosis molecules are involved. Our increasing knowledge of the role of miRNAs
in immune evasion will improve the understanding of EBV persistence and help to
develop new treatments for EBV-associated cancers and other diseases.
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Zhang H, Wang J, Yu D, Liu Y, Xue K, Zhao X. Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:171-176. [PMID: 28730175 PMCID: PMC5471915 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern China experiences larger extent of total cancer pathologies, of which nasopharyngeal carcinoma has the highest incidence under otorhinolaryngeal malignant carcinomas. Risk factor of nasopharyngeal carcinoma varies from hereditary causes to virus infection, among which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is the mostly investigated. The study into mechanism of EBV in occurrence, development and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been studied for several decades. The pathophysiology in making of EBV into a cancerogen includes proteins as latent membrane protein 1 (LMPs) and nucleic acids as micro-RNAs. In this paper, we reviewed till date studies focusing on relationship between EBV and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130041, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130041, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130041, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130041, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130041, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130041, China
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Ayers D, Vandesompele J. Influence of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030095. [PMID: 28273813 PMCID: PMC5368699 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and acquired chemoresistance exhibited by most tumours exposed to conventional chemotherapeutic agents account for the majority of relapse cases in cancer patients. Such chemoresistance phenotypes are of a multi-factorial nature from multiple key molecular players. The discovery of the RNA interference pathway in 1998 and the widespread gene regulatory influences exerted by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs have certainly expanded the level of intricacy present for the development of any single physiological phenotype, including cancer chemoresistance. This review article focuses on the latest research efforts in identifying and validating specific key molecular players from the two main families of non-coding RNAs, namely miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), having direct or indirect influences in the development of cancer drug resistance properties and how such knowledge can be utilised for novel theranostics in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Biersack B. Interactions between anticancer active platinum complexes and non-coding RNAs/microRNAs. Noncoding RNA Res 2017; 2:1-17. [PMID: 30159416 PMCID: PMC6096430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum(II) complexes such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are clinically approved for the therapy of various solid tumors. Challenging pathogenic properties of cancer cells and the response of cancers towards platinum-based drugs are strongly influenced by non-coding small RNA molecules, the microRNAs (miRNAs). Both increased platinum activity and formation of tumor resistance towards platinum drugs are controlled by miRNAs. This review gives an overview of the interactions between platinum-based drugs and miRNAs, and their influence on platinum activity in various cancer types is discussed.
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Key Words
- 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil
- Anticancer drugs
- CBDCA, cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylate
- Carboplatin
- Cisplatin
- DACH, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane
- DDP, cisplatin
- EGCG, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate
- EOX, epirubicin/oxaliplatin/xeloda
- FOLFOX, folinate/5-FU/oxaliplatin
- GC, gemcitabine/cisplatin, gastric cancer
- LNA, locked nucleic acid
- MVAC, methotrexate/vinblastine/adriamycin/cisplatin
- MicroRNA
- Oxaliplatin
- Platinum complexes
- XELOX, xeloda/oxaliplatin
- dTTP, deoxythymidine triphosphate
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An X, Sarmiento C, Tan T, Zhu H. Regulation of multidrug resistance by microRNAs in anti-cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:38-51. [PMID: 28119807 PMCID: PMC5237711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major clinical obstacle to successful cancer treatment. Although diverse mechanisms of MDR have been well elucidated, such as dysregulation of drugs transporters, defects of apoptosis and autophagy machinery, alterations of drug metabolism and drug targets, disrupti on of redox homeostasis, the exact mechanisms of MDR in a specific cancer patient and the cross-talk among these different mechanisms and how they are regulated are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small noncoding RNAs that could control the global activity of the cell by post-transcriptionally regulating a large variety of target genes and proteins expression. Accumulating evidence shows that miRNAs play a key regulatory role in MDR through modulating various drug resistant mechanisms mentioned above, thereby holding much promise for developing novel and more effective individualized therapies for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the various MDR mechanisms and mainly focuses on the role of miRNAs in regulating MDR in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cesar Sarmiento
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Corresponding authors..
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Corresponding authors..
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Kim DH, Chang MS, Yoon CJ, Middeldorp JM, Martinez OM, Byeon SJ, Rha SY, Kim SH, Kim YS, Woo JH. Epstein-Barr virus BARF1-induced NFκB/miR-146a/SMAD4 alterations in stomach cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82213-82227. [PMID: 27438138 PMCID: PMC5347686 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded BamHI-A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) is a putative viral oncogene in EBV-infected stomach cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate BARF1-induced cellular protein and microRNA alterations. In this study, BARF1-expressing stomach cancer cells showed a high rate of proliferation, high levels of NFκB, and miR-146a upregulation, which was reversed by NFκB knockdown. During BARF1-induced NFκB upregulation, hCSF1 receptor level was unchanged. Knockdown of BARF1 in the naturally EBV-infected YCCEL1 stomach cancer cells suppressed cell proliferation, and downregulated NFκB and miR-146a. SMAD4 was identified as a miR-146a target and was downregulated in BARF1-expressing cells, whereas SMAD4 expression was restored by anti-miR-146a. Knockdown of BARF1 in YCCEL1 cells upregulated SMAD4, and this effect was reversed by miR-146a overexpression. Transfection of BARF1-expressing cells with pCEP4-SMAD4 abolished the cell proliferating effect of BARF1. In stomach cancer tissues, miR-146a was expressed at higher levels, and more frequent NFκB nuclear positivity immunohistochemically, but not of SMAD4 nuclear loss was found in the EBV-positive group compared with the EBV-negative group. In conclusion, EBV-encoded BARF1 promotes cell proliferation in stomach cancer by upregulating NFκB and miR-146a and downregulating SMAD4, thereby contributing to EBV-induced stomach cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ha Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Jin Yoon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaap M. Middeldorp
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Department of Surgery/Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sun-ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Soo Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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49
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Feng YH, Tsao CJ. Emerging role of microRNA-21 in cancer. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:395-402. [PMID: 27699004 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a class of single-stranded RNA molecules of 15-27 nucleotides in length that regulate gene expression at the post-translational level. miR-21 is one of the earliest identified cancer-promoting 'oncomiRs', targeting numerous tumor suppressor genes associated with proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. The regulation of miR-21 and its role in carcinogenesis have been extensively investigated. Recent studies have focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-21 as well as its implication in the drug resistance of human malignancies. The further use of miR-21 as a biomarker and target for cancer treatments is likely to improve the outcome for patients with cancer. The present review highlights recent findings associated with the importance of miR-21 in hematological and non-hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hsun Feng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Jung Tsao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
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50
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Komatsu S, Ichikawa D, Kawaguchi T, Miyamae M, Okajima W, Ohashi T, Imamura T, Kiuchi J, Konishi H, Shiozaki A, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Otsuji E. Circulating miR-21 as an independent predictive biomarker for chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1511-1523. [PMID: 27508093 PMCID: PMC4969400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies indentified the significance of circulating microRNAs in blood as a predictive biomarker for chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we tested whether oncogenic miR-21 promoted chemoresistance in ESCC and served as a biomarker for predicting chemoresistance in plasma of patients with ESCC. All consecutive patients underwent the preoperative chemotherapy regimen (JCOG9907 trial) with cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil. As a result, pretreatment plasma concentrations of miR-21 were significantly higher in ESCC patients with a low histopathological response than in those with a high histopathological response (P = 0.0416). Multivariate analysis revealed that a high pretreatment plasma concentration of miR-21 was an independent risk factor of chemoresistance (p = 0.0150; Odds Ratio 9.95 (range: 1.56-63.4)). The expression of miR-21 was also significantly higher in pretreatment ESCC tissues with a low histopathological response than in those with a high histopathological response (P = 0.0409). In vitro, although the growth of KYSE 170 ESCC cells transfected with the control mimics was markedly inhibited by the 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin treatment, the inhibitory effects of 5-FU (P < 0.05) or cisplatin (P < 0.05) were significantly reduced in KYSE170 cells that overexpressed miR-21. Taken together, the overexpression of miR-21 contributed to chemoresistance and circulating miR-21 in plasma of patients with ESCC could be a useful biomarker for predicting chemoresistance.
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