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Li J, Zhong J, Tang A, Yin J, Li S. PRAMEF12, a novel cancer/testis gene, regulates proliferation and apoptosis to promote progression of glioma. Biomark Med 2024; 18:385-397. [PMID: 38913622 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate whether PRAMEF12 can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for glioma. Methods: We examined PRAMEF12 expression in multiple normal and glioma tissues. The diagnostic value of PRAMEF12 was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The effect of PRAMEF12 ablation on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis was investigated. Database analyses were utilized for functional enrichment analysis. Results: PRAMEF12 expression in normal tissue was restricted to the human testis. PRAMEF12 displayed significant diagnostic value in glioma. PRAMEF12 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and resulted in induction of S-phase cell cycle arrest. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that PRAMEF12 may participate in cancer. Conclusion: PRAMEF12, a novel cancer/testis gene, may be a potential new diagnostic biomarker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, China
| | - Jianhua Zhong
- Department of Science & Education, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Aifa Tang
- Department of Science & Education, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518035, China
| | - Jianchun Yin
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, China
| | - Shoulin Li
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, China
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Naik A, Lattab B, Qasem H, Decock J. Cancer testis antigens: Emerging therapeutic targets leveraging genomic instability in cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200768. [PMID: 38596293 PMCID: PMC10876628 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer care has witnessed remarkable progress in recent decades, with a wide array of targeted therapies and immune-based interventions being added to the traditional treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, despite these advancements, the challenge of achieving high tumor specificity while minimizing adverse side effects continues to dictate the benefit-risk balance of cancer therapy, guiding clinical decision making. As such, the targeting of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) offers exciting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of cancer since they display highly tumor specific expression patterns, natural immunogenicity and play pivotal roles in various biological processes that are critical for tumor cellular fitness. In this review, we delve deeper into how CTAs contribute to the regulation and maintenance of genomic integrity in cancer, and how these mechanisms can be exploited to specifically target and eradicate tumor cells. We review the current clinical trials targeting aforementioned CTAs, highlight promising pre-clinical data and discuss current challenges and future perspectives for future development of CTA-based strategies that exploit tumor genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adviti Naik
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Boucif Lattab
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Qasem
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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3
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Qiao L, Zhang L, Wang H. SPAG9 Expression Predicts Good Prognosis in Patients with Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics Analysis with Experimental Validation. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:944. [PMID: 37107702 PMCID: PMC10138117 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive type of renal-cell carcinoma (RCC). Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been reported to promote the progression of a variety of tumors and is thus a potential prognostic marker. This study combined a bioinformatics analysis with an experimental validation, exploring the prognostic value of SPAG9 expression in ccRCC patients and the possible underlying mechanisms. The SPAG9 expression was associated with a poor prognosis in pan-cancer patients, but with a good prognosis and slow tumor progression in ccRCC patients. To explore the underlying mechanism, we investigated the roles of SPAG9 in ccRCC and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). The latter was chosen for comparison with ccRCC to represent the tumor types in which SPAG9 expression suggests a poor prognosis. The overexpression of SPAG9 increased the expression of autophagy-related genes in 786-O cells but not in HTB-9 cells, and SPAG9 expression was significantly correlated with a weaker inflammatory response in ccRCC but not in BLCA. Through an integrated bioinformatics analysis, we screened out seven key genes (AKT3, MAPK8, PIK3CA, PIK3R3, SOS1, SOS2, and STAT5B) in this study. The correlation between SPAG9 expression and ccRCC prognosis depends on the expression of key genes. Since most of the key genes were PI3K-AKT-pathway members, we used the PI3K agonist 740Y-P to stimulate the 786-O cells, to mimic the effect of key-gene overexpression. Compared with the Ov-SPAG9 786-O cells, the 740Y-P further increased the expression of autophagy-related genes by more than twofold. Moreover, we constructed a nomogram based on SPAG9/key genes and other clinical features, which was proven to have some predictive value. Our study found that SPAG9 expression predicted opposite clinical outcomes in pan-cancer and ccRCC patients, and we speculated that SPAG9 suppresses tumor progression by promoting autophagy and inhibiting inflammatory responses in ccRCC. We further found that some genes might cooperate with SPAG9 to promote autophagy, and that these were highly expressed in the tumor stroma and could be represented by key genes. The SPAG9-based nomogram can help to estimate the long-term prognosis of ccRCC patients, indicating that SPAG9 is a potential prognostic marker for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (L.Q.)
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Crosstalk of miRNAs with signaling networks in bladder cancer progression: Therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic functions. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153630. [PMID: 35892887 PMCID: PMC9367444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In addition to mutations, ectopically-expressed genes are emerging as important contributors to cancer development. Efforts to characterize the expression patterns in cancers of gamete-restricted cancer-testis antigens and developmentally-restricted genes are underway, revealing these genes to be putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various malignancies. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are two highly-prevalent non-melanoma skin cancers that result in considerable burden on patients and our health system. To optimize disease prognostication and treatment, it is necessary to further classify the molecular complexity of these malignancies. This review describes the expression patterns and functions of cancer-testis antigens and developmentally-restricted genes in BCC and cSCC tumors. A large number of cancer-testis antigens and developmental genes exhibit substantial expression levels in BCC and cSCC. These genes have been shown to contribute to several aspects of cancer biology, including tumorigenesis, differentiation, invasion and responses to anti-cancer therapy. Abstract Keratinocyte carcinomas are among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are the two cancers recognized as keratinocyte carcinomas. The standard of care for treating these cancers includes surgery and ablative therapies. However, in recent years, targeted therapies (e.g., cetuximab for cSCC and vismodegib/sonidegib for BCC) have been used to treat advanced disease as well as immunotherapy (e.g., cemiplimab). These treatments are expensive and have significant toxicities with objective response rates approaching ~50–65%. Hence, there is a need to dissect the molecular pathogenesis of these cancers to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve disease management. Several cancer-testis antigens (CTA) and developmental genes (including embryonic stem cell factors and fetal genes) are ectopically expressed in BCC and cSCC. When ectopically expressed in malignant tissues, functions of these genes may be recaptured to promote tumorigenesis. CTAs and developmental genes are emerging as important players in the pathogenesis of BCC and cSCC, positioning themselves as attractive candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets requiring rigorous testing. Herein, we review the current research and offer perspectives on the contributions of CTAs and developmental genes to the pathogenesis of keratinocyte carcinomas.
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Parashar D, Geethadevi A, McAllister D, Ebben J, Peterson FC, Jensen DR, Bishop E, Pradeep S, Volkman BF, Dwinell MB, Chaluvally-Raghavan P, James MA. Targeted biologic inhibition of both tumor cell-intrinsic and intercellular CLPTM1L/CRR9-mediated chemotherapeutic drug resistance. NPJ Precis Oncol 2021; 5:16. [PMID: 33654182 PMCID: PMC7925570 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-021-00152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of therapy-resistant tumors is a principal problem in solid tumor oncology, particularly in ovarian cancer. Despite common complete responses to first line, platinum-based therapies, most women with ovarian cancer recur, and eventually, nearly all with recurrent disease develop platinum resistance. Likewise, both intrinsic and acquired resistance contribute to the dismal prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Our previous work and that of others has established CLPTM1L (cleft lip and palate transmembrane protein 1-like)/CRR9 (cisplatin resistance related protein 9) as a cytoprotective oncofetal protein that is present on the tumor cell surface. We show that CLPTM1L is broadly overexpressed and accumulated on the plasma membrane of ovarian tumor cells, while weakly or not expressed in normal tissues. High expression of CLPTM1L is associated with poor outcome in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Robust re-sensitization of resistant ovarian cancer cells to platinum-based therapy was achieved using human monoclonal biologics inhibiting CLPTM1L in both orthotopic isografts and patient-derived cisplatin resistant xenograft models. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in addition to cell-autonomous cytoprotection by CLPTM1L, extracellular CLPTM1L confers resistance to chemotherapeutic killing in an ectodomain-dependent fashion, and that this intercellular resistance mechanism is inhibited by anti-CLPTM1L biologics. Specifically, exosomal CLPTM1L from cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cell lines conferred resistance to cisplatin in drug-sensitive parental cell lines. CLPTM1L is present in extracellular vesicle fractions of tumor culture supernatants and in patients' serum with increasing abundance upon chemotherapy treatment. These findings have encouraging implications for the use of anti-CLPTM1L targeted biologics in the treatment of therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Parashar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anjali Geethadevi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Donna McAllister
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Johnathan Ebben
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Davin R Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin Bishop
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael B Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Yan Q, Zhu K, Zhang L, Fu Q, Chen Z, Liu S, Fu D, Nakazato R, Yoshioka K, Diao B, Ding G, Li X, Wang H. A negative feedback loop between JNK-associated leucine zipper protein and TGF-β1 regulates kidney fibrosis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:288. [PMID: 32504044 PMCID: PMC7275040 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is controlled by profibrotic and antifibrotic forces. Exploring anti-fibrosis factors and mechanisms is an attractive strategy to prevent organ failure. Here we identified the JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (JLP) as a potential endogenous antifibrotic factor. JLP, predominantly expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in normal human or mouse kidneys, was downregulated in fibrotic kidneys. Jlp deficiency resulted in more severe renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice, while renal fibrosis resistance was observed in TECs-specific transgenic Jlp mice. JLP executes its protective role in renal fibrosis via negatively regulating TGF-β1 expression and autophagy, and the profibrotic effects of ECM production, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in TECs. We further found that TGF-β1 and FGF-2 could negatively regulate the expression of JLP. Our study suggests that JLP plays a central role in renal fibrosis via its negative crosstalk with the profibrotic factor, TGF-β1. Qi Yan et al. find that JNK-associated leucine zipper protein (Jlp) counteracts the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1 and autophagy on renal tubular epithelial cells and that TGF-β1 and FGF-2 can negatively regulate the expression of Jlp. These findings provide insights into the role of Jlp in kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dou Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ryota Nakazato
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuji Yoshioka
- Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Bo Diao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Agarwal S, Behring M, Kim HG, Bajpai P, Chakravarthi BVSK, Gupta N, Elkholy A, Al Diffalha S, Varambally S, Manne U. Targeting P4HA1 with a Small Molecule Inhibitor in a Colorectal Cancer PDX Model. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100754. [PMID: 32199274 PMCID: PMC7082635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition, remodeling, and signaling of the extracellular matrix facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that an enzyme, collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase, alpha polypeptide I (P4HA1), which is involved in collagen synthesis and deposition, had elevated expression in colorectal cancers (CRCs) as compared to normal colonic tissues. The expression of P4HA1 in CRCs was independent of patient's age, race/ethnicity, gender, pathologic stage and grade, tumor location, and microsatellite instability (MSI) and p53 status. By modulating P4HA1 with shRNA, there was a reduction in malignant phenotypes of CRCs, including cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration, and tumor growth, in mice regardless of their p53 and MSI status. Immunoblot analysis of excised xenograft tumors developed from cells with silenced PH4HA1 showed low levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Further, in CRC mouse models, silencing of P4HA1 in HT29 cells resulted in less metastasis to liver and bone. P4HA1 expression was regulated by miR-124, and inhibition of cell growth was noted for CRC cells treated with miR-124. Furthermore, low levels of the transcriptional repressor EZH2 reduced P4HA1 expression in CRC cells. Inhibition of P4HA1 with the small molecule inhibitor diethyl-pythiDC decreased AGO2 and MMP1, which are P4HA1 target molecules, and reduced the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells. Treatment of CRC patient-derived xenografts that exhibit high expression of P4HA1 with diethyl-pythiDC resulted in tumor regression. Thus, the present study shows that P4HA1 contributes to CRC progression and metastasis and that targeting of P4HA1 with diethyl-pythiDC could be an effective therapeutic strategy for aggressive CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Michael Behring
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hyung-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | - Nirzari Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Amr Elkholy
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
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Du Y, Wei N, Hong J, Pan W. Long non-coding RNASNHG17 promotes the progression of breast cancer by sponging miR-124-3p. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32042267 PMCID: PMC7003346 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small nucleolar RNA host gene 17 (SNHG17), a novel cancer-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), was reported to be responsible for processing and developing in several cancers. Nonetheless, the clinical significance and biological function of SNHG17 in human breast cancer (BC) remain rarely known. Materials and methods 58 pairs of BC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were harvested to measure SNHG17 expression levels. SNHG17 was knockdown to study its biological behavior in BC cells. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that can bind to SNHG17 were predicated using Starbase2.0 and were tested using luciferase reporter activity and RIP assays. A xenograft model was established to investigate the impact of SNHG17 in tumor growth in vivo. Results An increased SNHG17 was observed in BC samples and cell lines compared with corresponding control. Increased SNHG17 was closely associated with poor prognosis.SNHG17 depletion suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as inhibited tumor growth in xenograft tumor models. Mechanistically, SNHG17 could function as an endogenous sponge of miR-124-3p in BC cells. Moreover, the repression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion induced by SNHG17 knockdown would reversed by miR-124-3p inhibitor. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that the lncRNASNHG17 could regulate the progression of BC by sponging miR-124-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Du
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wei
- 2Department of First Operating Room, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Hong
- 1Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Pan
- 3Department of ICU, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin People's Republic of China
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Loss of MADD expression inhibits cellular growth and metastasis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:145. [PMID: 30760700 PMCID: PMC6374448 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options and dismal patient survival. We have previously shown MADD to be differentially overexpressed in multiple cancer histologies and to contribute to tumor cell growth and survival. Therefore, we targeted MADD by gene silencing, explored its effect on cellular proliferation and metastases and examined its therapeutic potential in an orthotopic ATC model in athymic nude mice. When compared to untreated control and scramble siRNA, MADD siRNA treatment inhibited the proliferative capacity of 8505C, C643 and HTH7 cells in vitro and 8505C-derived-orthotopic tumor growth in vivo. MADD ablation caused a significant reduction in cellular migration and invasion potential; clonogenic capacity; as well as, mitochondrial length and potential in vitro. This MADD siRNA-induced anti-migratory/invasive effect corresponded with inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt signaling. Mechanistically, MADD siRNA inhibited TNFα induced activation of pERK, pGSK3β and β-catenin, suggesting that MADD knockdown might exert its anti-migratory/invasive effects, by blocking TNFα/ERK/GSK3β axis. MADD siRNA can inhibit β-catenin nuclear translocation and consequently, the expression of its target genes in ATC cells. In in vivo experiments, along with tumor regression, MADD siRNA treatment also decreased evidence of lung metastases. Immunohistochemically, MADD siRNA-treated tumor tissues exhibited a reduction in Ki67 and N-Cadherin expression, and an increase in E-Cadherin expression. In conclusion, we show the crucial role of MADD in ATC tumorigenesis and metastasis and its potential implications as a molecular target for ATC therapy.
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11
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Li X, Jiang F, Wang X, Gu X. SPAG9 regulates HEF1 expression and drives EMT in bladder transitional cell carcinoma via rac1 signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2467-2480. [PMID: 30662804 PMCID: PMC6325469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently SPAG9 has been reported to show aberrant expressions in numerous human malignancies and act as a crucial role in tumor's proliferation and invasion. Human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1, also known as CasL and NEDD9) is a non-catalytic scaffolding protein belonging to CAS (Crk-associated substrate) protein family that interacts with multiple signaling cascades. Due to the diversified function of HEF1, abnormal expression of HEF1 frequently combines with malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis. However, little is known between the relationship of SPAG9 and HEF1 in bladder tumorigenesis. In this study, expression of SPAG9 in vivo and in vitro has been detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis after transfected with SPAG9 overexpression/inhibitor vector. We also found that HEF1 expression shows consistency and is regulated by SPAG9. Overexpression of SPAG9 promotes bladder cancer cells migration through HEF1 upregulation and emerges protein level of activated Rac1. Silencing SPAG9 inhibits cell migration through HEF1 downregulation and reduces protein level of activated Rac1. Also, we found that expression of EMT marker such as E-cadherin, Vimentin is regulated by SPAG9. Considering EMT plays a crucial role in tumor cells spreading and invasion, SPAG9 and HEF1 may potentially set a new therapeutic approach to bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Fuquan Jiang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Center HospitalTianjin 300000, China
| | - Xinquan Gu
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130033, Jilin, China
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12
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Jiang L, Song H, Guo H, Wang C, Lu Z. RETRACTED: Baicalein inhibits proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cell line T24 by down-regulation of microRNA-106. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:1583-1590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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13
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Pan J, Yu H, Guo Z, Liu Q, Ding M, Xu K, Mao L. Emerging role of sperm-associated antigen 9 in tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1212-1216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jagadish N, Fatima R, Sharma A, Devi S, Suri V, Kumar V, Suri A. Sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) a promising therapeutic target of ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318773652. [PMID: 29745297 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318773652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SPAG9 is a novel tumor associated antigen, expressed in variety of malignancies. However, its role in ovarian cancer remains unexplored. SPAG9 expression was validated in ovarian cancer cells by real time PCR and Western blot. SPAG9 involvement in cell cycle, DNA damage, apoptosis, paclitaxel sensitivity and epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated employing RNA interference approach. Combinatorial effect of SPAG9 ablation and paclitaxel treatment was evaluated in in vitro. Quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis revealed SPAG9 expression in A10, SKOV-3 and Caov3 compared to normal ovarian epithelial cells. SPAG9 ablation resulted in reduced cellular proliferation, colony forming ability and enhanced cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Effect of ablation of SPAG9 on cell cycle revealed S phase arrest and showed decreased expression of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E and increased expression of tumor suppressor p21. Ablation of SPAG9 also resulted in increased apoptosis with increased expression of various pro- apoptotic molecules including BAD, BID, PUMA, caspase 3, caspase 7, caspase 8 and cytochrome C. Decreased expression of mesenchymal markers and increased expression of epithelial markers was found in SPAG9 ablated cells. Combinatorial effect of SPAG9 ablation and paclitaxel treatment was evaluated in in vitro assays which showed that ablation of SPAG9 resulted in increased paclitaxel sensitivity and caused enhanced cell death. In vivo ovarian cancer xenograft studies showed that ablation of SPAG9 resulted in significant reduction in tumor growth. Present study revealed therapeutic potential of SPAG9 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Jagadish
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rukhsar Fatima
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Devi
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vitusha Suri
- 2 Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Suri
- 1 Cancer Research Program, Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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15
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Ren B, Zou G, He J, Huang Y, Ma G, Xu G, Li Y, Yu P. Sperm-associated antigen 9 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and enhances QGY cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:415-422. [PMID: 29391885 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are higher in China compared with in other countries. Further research is required in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) protein has been revealed to serve an important function in cancer progression; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the expression level of SPAG9 in HCC tissues using quantitative-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and the results demonstrated that SPAG9 was overexpressed in HCC tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. To explore the potential mechanisms underlying SPAG9 in HCC, the effect of SPAG9 on cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion capacities were investigated in the QGY HCC cell line by RNA interference. It was revealed that inhibition of SPAG9 mRNA in QGY cells significantly inhibited the expression level of SPAG9 compared with the control. Depletion of SPAG9 expression decreased cell proliferation (P<0.01) and increased the percentage of cells in the G1/G2 cell cycle phase. The percentage of cells in the S phase was decreased, and cell migration and invasion capabilities in vitro were reduced (P<0.01). In summary, the results of the present study suggested that SPAG9 was upregulated in HCC and may serve an important function in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation and invasion. Whether SPAG9 is a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target of human HCC requires additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiong Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tumor Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China.,Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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16
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Sun HF, Wang WD, Feng L. Effect of SPAG9 on migration, invasion and prognosis of prostate cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:9468-9474. [PMID: 31966820 PMCID: PMC6965962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to explore the expression of sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) in patients with prostate cancer and estimate the correlation between SPAG9 mRNA expression and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Moreover, we also investigated the role of SPAG9 in migration and invasion of prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was adopted to detect the expression of SPAG9 mRNA in prostate cancer tissues. Chi-square was used to evaluate the relationship between SPAG9 expression and the clinical features of prostate cancer patients. Tranwell assay was performed to detect the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SPAG9 in prostate cancer patients. RESULTS The qRT-PCR results showed that SPAG9 mRNA was highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues than the control group (P<0.05). There was tight relationship between SPAG9 mRNA expression and clinical characteristics such as Gleason score, NED rate and radical prostatectomy (P<0.05). Overexpression of SPAG9 in vitro significantly promoted the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high SPAG9 mRNA expression had higher mortality than those with low expression (P<0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that SPAG9 was a prognostic factor for prostate cancer patients (P=0.000, HR=4.878, 95% CI=2.422-9.825). CONCLUSION In a word, SPAG9 is a novel prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fu Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Wei-Dong Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinan 250011, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Institute for Immunization Program, Shandong Center for Disease Control and PreventionJinan 250014, Shandong, China
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17
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Wang D, Feng JF, Yuan GY, Yang YH, Liu YS, Yang YW. Association between chromosomal aberration of exfoliated bladder cells in the urine and oxidative stress in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:137-144. [PMID: 28693145 PMCID: PMC5494805 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the chromosomal aberrations of exfoliated bladder cells in the urine and blood oxidative stress in patients with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC). A total of 40 healthy controls and 246 patients with BTCC were recruited. Abnormal levels of CSP3, CSP7, CSP17 and GLPp16 were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in exfoliated bladder cells in the urine of patients with BTCC. Serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. Significant differences were observed in the abnormal CSP3, CSP7, CSP17, GLPp16 signals and FISH positive rate between patients with BTCC and healthy controls (P<0.001). Serum TOS, TAS and OSI were also significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). The clinical stage of BTCC was not associated with abnormal CSP3, CSP7, CSP17, GLPp16 or FISH positive rate and oxidative stress (P>0.05). A Gamma rank correlation analysis revealed an association between the pathological grade of BTCC with abnormal CSP3, CSP7 and CSP17 as well as FISH positive rate (P<0.001). In addition, the clinical stage of BTCC was associated with serum TOS, TAS and OSI (P<0.001). Evaluation of the association between chromosomal aberrations and oxidative stress revealed that abnormal CSP3, CSP7 and CSP17 were positively associated with serum TOS and OSI (P<0.001), abnormal CSP7 and CSP17 were negatively associated with serum TAS (P<0.001), but abnormal GLPp16 was not associated with serum TOS, TAS or OSI (P>0.05). Therefore, the chromosomal aberrations of exfoliated bladder cells in the urine are associated with blood oxidative stress in patients with BTCC, and these factors may contribute to the occurrence and development of BTCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Fu Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Ya Yuan
- Department of Urology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Shuang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, P.R. China
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18
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Ren B, Luo S, Xu F, Zou G, Xu G, He J, Huang Y, Zhu H, Li Y. The expression of DAMP proteins HSP70 and cancer-testis antigen SPAG9 in peripheral blood of patients with HCC and lung cancer. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:237-244. [PMID: 28028759 PMCID: PMC5352597 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There are different views of how the immune system participates in the reaction to cancer. Here, we evaluated expression of DAMP proteins HSP70 and cancer-testis antigen SPAG9 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lung cancer to explore tumor immunity. Our analysis showed that levels of HSP70 and SPAG9 antibody were significantly higher in the serum of lung cancer and HCC patients than in the serum of healthy subjects (P < 0.001), but there were no differences in levels of HSP70 antibody in patients and controls. Levels of serum SPAG9 antibody in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients were significantly higher than in treated lung cancer patients (P < 0.05), but there were no differences in levels of HSP70 or HSP70 antibody. Levels of serum HSP70 and SPAG9 antibody, but not HSP70 antibody, were also higher in hepatitis/cirrhosis patients than in healthy subjects (P = 0.005, P < 0.001). Levels of serum SPAG9 antibody were significantly higher in HCC patients than in hepatitis/cirrhosis patients, but there were no differences in HSP70 or HSP70 antibody levels. Finally, levels of serum HSP70 and SPAG9 antibody were significantly higher in HCC patients than in lung cancer patients (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). These results indicate that cancer-testis antigen SPAG9 induces a strong humoral immune response in cancer patients but HSP70 does not. These results show that SPAG9 has potential as a tumor-specific biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiong Ren
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 Furong Road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China.
| | - Shudi Luo
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 Furong Road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Guoying Zou
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 Furong Road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 Furong Road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Junyu He
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 Furong Road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Haowen Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 Furong Road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Yong Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial Second People's Hospital, 427 Furong Road of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
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19
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Zhang XY, Yan QX, Guo XY, Chen CR, Chen RQ, Cai ZM, Tang AF. Expression profile of SPACA5/ Spaca5 in spermatogenesis and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3731-3738. [PMID: 27895724 PMCID: PMC5104159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of bladder cancer-associated mortalities are due to transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), which is the most prevalent and chemoresistant malignancy of the bladder. Sperm acrosome associated 5 (SPACA5)/Spaca5 is a sperm acrosome-associated, c-type lysozyme-like protein that has been recently identified, and has been designated as an attractive candidate antigen for cancer testis. In the present study, the expression profile of SPACA5/Spaca5 was analyzed in spermatogenesis and TCC of the bladder using diverse molecular and cellular biology methods. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze the multi-tissue distribution and temporal expression of SPACA5/Spaca5, the SPACA5/Spaca5 gene was determined to be generally not expressed in normal tissue, with the exception of the testis, and it could be detected at a low level on day 20 after birth in mouse testes and at a higher level on day 28. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the SPACA5/Spaca5 protein was exclusively observed in the elongated spermatid of the normal testes, and was ectopically expressed in the cytoplasm of TCC, while it was not expressed in normal bladder tissues. The frequency of SPACA5 messenger RNA was detected in 45% of TCC (9/20) by RT-quantitative PCR. Furthermore, SPACA5 protein was more frequently detected in high-grade than in low-grade tumors (61.54 vs. 30.00%, P=0.035). Accordingly, high SPACA5 staining scores were observed to be significantly associated with high-grade tumors (n=65, R=0.279, P=0.027). Collectively, our findings indicated that SPACA5/Spaca5 may be important in male spermatogenesis and may be used as a potential target for specific immunotherapy in patients suffering from TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yue Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Xia Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Rong Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Run-Qiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511518, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Cai
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Ai-Fa Tang
- Department of Science and Education, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
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20
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Jagadish N, Agarwal S, Gupta N, Fatima R, Devi S, Kumar V, Suri V, Kumar R, Suri V, Sadasukhi TC, Gupta A, Ansari AS, Lohiya NK, Suri A. Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) overexpression in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:150. [PMID: 27658496 PMCID: PMC5034467 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide and increasing rapidly in developing countries. In the present study, we investigated the potential role and association of HSP70-2 with breast cancer. Methods HSP70-2 expression was examined in 154 tumor and 103 adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT) specimens and breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT-474, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231) by RT-PCR, quantitative-PCR, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. Plasmid driven short hairpin RNA approach was employed to validate the role of HSP70-2 in cellular proliferation, senescence, migration, invasion and tumor growth. Further, we studied the effect of HSP70-2 protein ablation on signaling cascades involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition both in culture as well as in-vivo human breast xenograft mouse model. Results HSP70-2 expression was detected in majority of breast cancer patients (83 %) irrespective of various histotypes, stages and grades. HSP70-2 expression was also observed in all breast cancer cells (BT-474, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) used in this study. Depletion of HSP70-2 in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in a significant reduction in cellular growth, motility, onset of apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest as well as reduction of tumor growth in the xenograft model. At molecular level, down-regulation of HSP70-2 resulted in reduced expression of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic molecules and mesenchymal markers and enhanced expression of CDK inhibitors, caspases, pro-apoptotic molecules and epithelial markers. Conclusions HSP70-2 is over expressed in breast cancer patients and was involved in malignant properties of breast cancer. This suggests HSP70-2 may be potential candidate molecule for development of better breast cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0425-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Jagadish
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Namita Gupta
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Rukhsar Fatima
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Sonika Devi
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Vikash Kumar
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rajive Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vitusha Suri
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, 302022, India
| | | | - Anju Gupta
- Department of Pathology, NMC Imaging and Diagnostic Centre, Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, New Delhi, 110065, India
| | - Abdul S Ansari
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Lohiya
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Anil Suri
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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21
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Jagadish N, Parashar D, Gupta N, Agarwal S, Suri V, Kumar R, Suri V, Sadasukhi TC, Gupta A, Ansari AS, Lohiya NK, Suri A. Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) is a novel therapeutic target for colorectal cancer and is associated with tumor growth. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:561. [PMID: 27473057 PMCID: PMC4966739 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide both in men and women. Our recent studies have indicated an association of heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) with bladder urothelial carcinoma. In the present study, we investigated the association of HSP70-2 with various malignant properties of colorectal cancer cells and clinic-pathological features of CRC in clinical specimens. METHODS HSP70-2 mRNA and protein was investigated expression by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and Western blotting in CRC clinical specimens and COLO205 and HCT116 cell lines. Plasmid-based gene silencing approach was employed to study the association of HSP70-2 with various malignant properties of COLO205 and HCT116 cells in in vitro and with tumor progression in in vivo COLO205 human xenograft mice model. RESULTS HSP70-2 expression was detected in 78 % of CRC patients irrespective of various stages and grades by RT-PCR and IHC. Our analysis further revealed that HSP70-2 expression was detected in both COLO205 and HCT116 cell lines. Ablation of HSP70-2 expression resulted in reduced cellular growth, colony forming ability, migratory and invasive ability of CRC cells. In addition, ablation of HSP70-2 expression showed significant reduction in tumor growth in COLO205 human xenograft in in vivo mouse model. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicate that HSP70-2 is associated with CRC clinical specimens. In addition, down regulation of HSP70-2 expression reduces cellular proliferation and tumor growth indicating that HSP70-2 may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Jagadish
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Namita Gupta
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajive Kumar
- Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vitusha Suri
- Department of Urology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, 302022, India
| | - Trilok Chand Sadasukhi
- Department of Urology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Rajasthan, 302022, India
| | - Anju Gupta
- Department of Pathology, NMC Imaging and Diagnostic Centre, Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, New Delhi, 110065, India
| | - Abdul S Ansari
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Lohiya
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Anil Suri
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India.
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22
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Ren B, Wei X, Zou G, He J, Xu G, Xu F, Huang Y, Zhu H, Li Y, Ma G, Yu P. Cancer testis antigen SPAG9 is a promising marker for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2599-605. [PMID: 26934841 PMCID: PMC4811394 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer testis antigen sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) is highly expressed in many types of cancers. In the present study, to obtain a better understanding of the relevance of SPAG9 in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the expression of SPAG9 mRNA and protein in lung cancer specimens was evaluated by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. ELISA was used to quantify the SPAG9 autoantibody in the peripheral blood of lung cancer patients. The results showed that the expression of SPAG9 mRNA and protein in the lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (P<0.01). The level of the SPAG9 autoantibody in the serum of lung cancer patients was significantly higher than the level in the healthy controls (P<0.001), and the level of the SPAG9 autoantibody in the serum of untreated patients was significantly higher than that in treated patients (P=0.002). SPAG9 IgG antibody levels were significantly lower in treated adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer patients than these levels in the untreated patients (P=0.006, P=0.026, respectively), while no statistical difference was found between treated and untreated squamous cell carcinoma patients. Our results suggest that the SPAG9 antibody in serum is a promising marker for the diagnosis of lung cancer, and the level of the humoral immune response to this antigen appears to be related to the type of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiong Ren
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zou
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Laboratory of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Haowen Zhu
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Laboratory of The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Ma
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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Jagadish N, Parashar D, Gupta N, Agarwal S, Sharma A, Fatima R, Suri V, Kumar R, Gupta A, Lohiya NK, Suri A. A novel cancer testis antigen target A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP4) for the early diagnosis and immunotherapy of colon cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1078965. [PMID: 27057472 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1078965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly a disease of developed countries and a major cause of death worldwide. The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of novel cancer testis (CT) antigen, A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP4) with CRC. AKAP4 gene and protein was examined by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 200 clinical specimens of different stages and grades. In addition, humoral response against AKAP4 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting in 172 available sera samples of CRC patients. We observed that majority of CRC patients demonstrated AKAP4 expression and elicited immune response. AKAP4 protein expression, based on immunoreactivity score (IRS) predicted presence of CRC with 84% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% of positive predictive value (PPV) and 83.33% negative predictive value (NPV). Humoral response against AKAP4 protein was generated in 82% of the CRC patients. Further, statistical analysis revealed that antibodies found against AKAP4 in CRC patients predicted presence of malignancy with 81.98% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 63.53% NPV. Collectively, our data suggests that the majority of CRC cases show significant difference of AKAP4 expression among stages and grades and also generated antibodies against AKAP4 protein. Therefore, AKAP4 may be potential candidate molecule for developing as a biomarker for early diagnosis and immunotherapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmala Jagadish
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Gupta
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi, India
| | - Rukhsar Fatima
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
| | - Rajive Kumar
- Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Gupta
- Department of Pathology, NMC Imaging and Diagnostic Centre, Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences , New Delhi, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Lohiya
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur, India
| | - Anil Suri
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology , Aruna Asaf Ali Marg , New Delhi, India
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Wang X, Jiang F, Song H, Li X, Xian J, Gu X. MicroRNA-200a-3p suppresses tumor proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting SPAG9 in renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:620-626. [PMID: 26797273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 9(SPAG9), as a well-recognized oncogene protein, has a critical effect on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression. Our study tried to explore the mediator of miR-200a-3p, a tumor suppressing miRNA on SPAG9 expression and renal cell proliferation and apoptosis. We found the expression of miR-200a-3p was significantly lower in RCC specimens. Based on in vitro assays, we found miR-200a-3p significantly inhibit cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis. In addition, our study uncovered that miR-200a-3p directly regulates oncogenic SPAG9 in 786-O and ACHN cells. Silencing of SPAG9 resulted in significantly decreased in the growth and the cell cycle of the renal cancer cell lines. Understanding of oncogenic SPAG9 regulated by miR-200a-3p might be beneficial to reveal new therapeutic targets for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Fuquan Jiang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Haitao Song
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Jiantao Xian
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Xinquan Gu
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China.
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Suri A, Jagadish N, Saini S, Gupta N. Targeting cancer testis antigens for biomarkers and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer: Current status and challenges. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 7:492-502. [PMID: 26691579 PMCID: PMC4678396 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v7.i12.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer ranks third among the estimated cancer cases and cancer related mortalities in United States in 2014. Early detection and efficient therapy remains a significant clinical challenge for this disease. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel tumor associated molecules to target for biomarker development and immunotherapy. In this regard, cancer testis antigens have emerged as a potential targets for developing novel clinical biomarkers and immunotherapy for various malignancies. These germ cell specific proteins exhibit aberrant expression in cancer cells and contribute in tumorigenesis. Owing to their unique expression profile and immunogenicity in cancer patients, cancer testis antigens are clinically referred as the most promising tumor associated antigens. Several cancer testis antigens have been studied in colorectal cancer but none of them could be used in clinical practice. This review is an attempt to address the promising cancer testis antigens in colorectal cancer and their possible clinical implications as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets with particular focus on challenges and future interventions.
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26
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Yang C, Shen B, Zhang J, Zhang Q. Sperm-associated antigen 9 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and insensitive to Taxol treatment in breast cancer. Biomarkers 2015; 21:62-7. [PMID: 26631164 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1118534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been reported to express in several cancers and have clinical significance. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that there was a strong association among SPAG9 expression and tumor size, TNM stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. It suggested that SPAG9-elevated expression was an independently prognostic indicator for both OS and DFS. Furthermore, the selected treatment of chemotherapy with Taxol/non-Taxol significantly affects OS and DFS. To sum up, SPAG9-elevated expression contributes to malignant behavior and poor prognosis of breast cancer and may support a potential indicator in treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yang
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China and
| | - Bin Shen
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China and
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China and
| | - Qifan Zhang
- b Department of Surgical Oncology , The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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27
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PRK1/PKN1 controls migration and metastasis of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12646-64. [PMID: 25504435 PMCID: PMC4350344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The major threat in prostate cancer is the occurrence of metastases in androgen-independent tumor stage, for which no causative cure is available. Here we show that metastatic behavior of androgen-independent prostate tumor cells requires the protein-kinase-C-related kinase (PRK1/PKN1) in vitro and in vivo. PRK1 regulates cell migration and gene expression through its kinase activity, but does not affect cell proliferation. Transcriptome and interactome analyses uncover that PRK1 regulates expression of migration-relevant genes by interacting with the scaffold protein sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9/JIP4). SPAG9 and PRK1 colocalize in human cancer tissue and are required for p38-phosphorylation and cell migration. Accordingly, depletion of either ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 (ELK1), an effector of p38-signalling or p38 depletion hinders cell migration and changes expression of migration-relevant genes as observed upon PRK1-depletion. Importantly, a PRK1 inhibitor prevents metastases in mice, showing that the PRK1-pathway is a promising target to hamper prostate cancer metastases in vivo.
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28
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Jalali A, Amirian ES, Bainbridge MN, Armstrong GN, Liu Y, Tsavachidis S, Jhangiani SN, Plon SE, Lau CC, Claus EB, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Il'yasova D, Schildkraut J, Ali-Osman F, Sadetzki S, Johansen C, Houlston RS, Jenkins RB, Lachance D, Olson SH, Bernstein JL, Merrell RT, Wrensch MR, Davis FG, Lai R, Shete S, Aldape K, Amos CI, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Melin BS, Bondy ML. Targeted sequencing in chromosome 17q linkage region identifies familial glioma candidates in the Gliogene Consortium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8278. [PMID: 25652157 PMCID: PMC4317686 DOI: 10.1038/srep08278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a rare, but highly fatal, cancer that accounts for the majority of malignant primary brain tumors. Inherited predisposition to glioma has been consistently observed within non-syndromic families. Our previous studies, which involved non-parametric and parametric linkage analyses, both yielded significant linkage peaks on chromosome 17q. Here, we use data from next generation and Sanger sequencing to identify familial glioma candidate genes and variants on chromosome 17q for further investigation. We applied a filtering schema to narrow the original list of 4830 annotated variants down to 21 very rare (<0.1% frequency), non-synonymous variants. Our findings implicate the MYO19 and KIF18B genes and rare variants in SPAG9 and RUNDC1 as candidates worthy of further investigation. Burden testing and functional studies are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jalali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - E. Susan Amirian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew N. Bainbridge
- Codified Genomics, LLC, Houston Texas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Georgina N. Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Spyros Tsavachidis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Sharon E. Plon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ching C. Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elizabeth B. Claus
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dora Il'yasova
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
- Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joellen Schildkraut
- Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Francis Ali-Osman
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Siegal Sadetzki
- Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Christoffer Johansen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Section of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel Lachance
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sara H. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jonine L. Bernstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ryan T. Merrell
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Margaret R. Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Faith G. Davis
- Department of Public Health Services, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rose Lai
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Preventive Medicine, The University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Department of Genetics, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Beatrice S. Melin
- Department of Radiation Sciences Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melissa L. Bondy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Agarwal S, Parashar D, Gupta N, Jagadish N, Thakar A, Suri V, Kumar R, Gupta A, Ansari AS, Lohiya NK, Suri A. Sperm associated antigen 9 ( SPAG9) expression and humoral response in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e974382. [PMID: 25941602 DOI: 10.4161/2162402x.2014.974382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancers are highly aggressive epithelial tumor associated with metastatic potential and high mortality. The tumors are biologically diverse and are of various histotypes. Besides, the detection and diagnosis is a major problem of salivary gland cancer for available treatment modalities. In the present study, we have investigated the association of sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) expression with salivary gland tumor (SGT). Clinical specimens of benign (n = 16) and malignant tumors (n = 86) were examined for the SPAG9 expression. In addition, the sera and adjacent non-cancerous tissues (n = 72) from available patients were obtained. Our in situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis revealed significant difference (p = 0.0001) in SPAG9 gene and protein expression in benign (63%) and malignant tumor (84%) specimens. Further, significant association was also observed between SPAG9 expression and malignant tumors (P = 0.05). A cut-off value of >10% cells expressing SPAG9 protein designated as positive in IHC, predicted presence of malignant SGT with 83.72% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 83.72% NPV. Humoral response against SPAG9 protein was generated in 68% of SGT patients. A cut-off value of 0.212 OD for anti-SPAG9 antibodies in ELISA predicted presence of malignant SGT with 69.23% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV and 78.94% NPV. Collectively, our data suggests that the majority of SGT show significant difference and association among benign and malignant tumors for SPAG9 gene and protein expression and also exhibit humoral response against SPAG9 protein. Hence, SPAG9 may be developed as a biomarker for detection and diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Agarwal
- Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Parashar
- Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Gupta
- Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India
| | - Nirmala Jagadish
- Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Thakar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences ; New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences ; New Delhi, India
| | - Rajive Kumar
- Institute of Rotary Cancer Hospital; All India Institute of Medical Sciences ; New Delhi, India
| | - Anju Gupta
- NMC Imaging and Diagnostic Centre; Vidyasagar Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences ; New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul S Ansari
- Department of Zoology; Centre for Advanced Studies; University of Rajasthan ; Jaipur, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Lohiya
- Department of Zoology; Centre for Advanced Studies; University of Rajasthan ; Jaipur, India
| | - Anil Suri
- Cancer Microarray; Genes and Proteins Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology; Aruna Asaf Ali Marg ; New Delhi, India
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Singh S, Suri A. Targeting the testis-specific heat-shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) reduces cellular growth, migration, and invasion in renal cell carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12695-706. [PMID: 25213699 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents one of the most resistant tumors to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Current therapies for the RCC patients are limited owing to lack of diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. Testis-specific heat-shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2), a member of HSP70 chaperone family, has been shown to be associated with various cancers. In the present study, we investigated the putative role of HSP70-2 in various malignant properties of the RCC cells. HSP70-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression was investigated in A704, ACHN, and Caki-1 cells derived from the RCC patients. We assessed the expression of HSP70-2 gene and protein by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The expression of HSP70-2 protein was further validated by performing indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and flow cytometry. The malignant properties of high-grade invasive A704 and Caki-1 cells, such as cellular proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, and wound healing, were evaluated by silencing the expression of HSP70-2 gene in these cells. Statistical significance was defined using Student's t test. Our RT-PCR and Western blotting data showed the expression of HSP70-2 in all RCC cells. Our results showed that HSP70-2 was predominantly expressed in cytoplasm and found to be colocalized with endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi body, and plasma membrane but not the nuclear envelope. Knockdown of HSP70-2 expression with specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) demonstrated significant reduction in cell growth and colony formation. Further, a marked reduction in cell migration and invasion was also observed, indicating the potential role of HSP70-2 in metastasis. Collectively, our data suggest that HSP70-2 plays a key role in cancerous growth and invasive potential of RCC cells. Thus, HSP70-2 could serve as a novel potential therapeutic target for the RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendra Singh
- Cancer Microarray, Genes and Proteins Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
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31
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Li H, Peng Y, Niu H, Wu B, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Bai X, He P. SPAG9 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer and promotes cancer cell proliferation. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6949-54. [PMID: 24740566 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) was recently reported to be overexpressed in several cancers and associated with the malignant behavior of cancer cells. However, the expression pattern of SPAG9 and its clinical significance in human prostate cancer have not been reported. In the present study, we analyzed SPAG9 expression in human prostate cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry and found that SPAG9 was overexpressed in 36.5 % of prostate cancer specimens. There was a significant association between SPAG9 overexpression and tumor stage (p = 0.0020) and Gleason score (p = 0.0377). Transfection of SPAG9 plasmid was performed in PC-3 cell line and siRNA knockdown was carried out in DU145 cells. Colony formation and MTT showed that SPAG9 overexpression promoted while siRNA knockdown inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation. In addition, we found that SPAG9 could regulate cyclin D1 and cyclin E protein expression. In conclusion, SPAG9 is overexpressed in human prostate cancers and contributes to prostate cancer cell growth, possibly through cyclin protein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Shenyang, 110004, China
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