1
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Hale KRS, Curlis JD, Auteri GG, Bishop S, French RLK, Jones LE, Mills KL, Scholtens BG, Simons M, Thompson C, Tourville J, Valdovinos FS. A highly resolved network reveals the role of terrestrial herbivory in structuring aboveground food webs. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230180. [PMID: 39034695 PMCID: PMC11293847 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Comparative studies suggest remarkable similarities among food webs across habitats, including systematic changes in their structure with diversity and complexity (scale-dependence). However, historic aboveground terrestrial food webs (ATFWs) have coarsely grouped plants and insects such that these webs are generally small, and herbivory is disproportionately under-represented compared to vertebrate predator-prey interactions. Furthermore, terrestrial herbivory is thought to be structured by unique processes compared to size-structured feeding in other systems. Here, we present the richest ATFW to date, including approximately 580 000 feeding links among approximately 3800 taxonomic species, sourced from approximately 27 000 expert-vetted interaction records annotated as feeding upon one of six different resource types: leaves, flowers, seeds, wood, prey and carrion. By comparison to historical ATFWs and null ecological hypotheses, we show that our temperate forest web displays a potentially unique structure characterized by two properties: (i) a large fraction of carnivory interactions dominated by a small number of hyper-generalist, opportunistic bird and bat predators; and (ii) a smaller fraction of herbivory interactions dominated by a hyper-rich community of insects with variably sized but highly specific diets. We attribute our findings to the large-scale, even resolution of vertebrate, insect and plant guilds in our food web.This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R. S. Hale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John David Curlis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Giorgia G. Auteri
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Sasha Bishop
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rowan L. K. French
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lance E. Jones
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, UrbanaIL, USA
| | - Kirby L. Mills
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Meagan Simons
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cody Thompson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jordon Tourville
- Department of Environmental Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Research Department, Appalachian Mountain Club, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernanda S. Valdovinos
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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2
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Wirta H, Jones M, Peña‐Aguilera P, Chacón‐Duque C, Vesterinen E, Ovaskainen O, Abrego N, Roslin T. The role of seasonality in shaping the interactions of honeybees with other taxa. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10580. [PMID: 37818248 PMCID: PMC10560870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Eltonian niche of a species is defined as its set of interactions with other taxa. How this set varies with biotic, abiotic and human influences is a core question of modern ecology. In seasonal environments, the realized Eltonian niche is likely to vary due to periodic changes in the occurrence and abundance of interaction partners and changes in species behavior and preferences. Also, human management decisions may leave strong imprints on species interactions. To compare the impact of seasonality to that of management effects, honeybees provide an excellent model system. Based on DNA traces of interaction partners archived in honey, we can infer honeybee interactions with floral resources and microbes in the surrounding habitats, their hives, and themselves. Here, we resolved seasonal and management-based impacts on honeybee interactions by sampling beehives repeatedly during the honey-storing period of honeybees in Finland. We then use a genome-skimming approach to identify the taxonomic contents of the DNA in the samples. To compare the effects of the season to the effects of location, management, and the colony itself in shaping honeybee interactions, we used joint species distribution modeling. We found that honeybee interactions with other taxa varied greatly among taxonomic and functional groups. Against a backdrop of wide variation in the interactions documented in the DNA content of honey from bees from different hives, regions, and beekeepers, the imprint of the season remained relatively small. Overall, a honey-based approach offers unique insights into seasonal variation in the identity and abundance of interaction partners among honeybees. During the summer, the availability and use of different interaction partners changed substantially, but hive- and taxon-specific patterns were largely idiosyncratic as modified by hive management. Thus, the beekeeper and colony identity are as important determinants of the honeybee's realized Eltonian niche as is seasonality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Wirta
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mirkka Jones
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pablo Peña‐Aguilera
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Camilo Chacón‐Duque
- Centre for PalaeogeneticsStockholmSweden
- Department of Archaeology and Classical StudiesStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | | | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity DynamicsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Biological and Environmental ScienceUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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3
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Guzman LM, Chamberlain SA, Elle E. Network robustness and structure depend on the phenological characteristics of plants and pollinators. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13321-13334. [PMID: 34646472 PMCID: PMC8495816 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many structural patterns have been found to be important for the stability and robustness of mutualistic plant-pollinator networks. These structural patterns are impacted by a suite of variables, including species traits, species abundances, their spatial configuration, and their phylogenetic history. Here, we consider a specific trait: phenology, or the timing of life history events. We expect that timing and duration of activity of pollinators, or of flowering in plants, could greatly affect the species' roles within networks in which they are embedded. Using plant-pollinator networks from 33 sites in southern British Columbia, Canada, we asked (a) how phenological species traits, specifically timing of first appearance in the network and duration of activity in a network, were related to species' roles within a network, and (b) how those traits affected network robustness to phenologically biased species loss. We found that long duration of activity increased connection within modules for both pollinators and plants and among modules for plants. We also found that date of first appearance was positively related to interaction strength asymmetry in plants but negatively related to pollinators. Networks were generally more robust to the loss of pollinators than plants, and robustness increased if the models allow new interactions to form when old ones are lost, constrained by overlapping phenology of plants and pollinators. Robustness declined with the loss of late-flowering plants, which tended to have higher interaction strength asymmetry. In addition, robustness declined with loss of early-flying or long-duration pollinators. These pollinators tended to be among-module connectors. Our results point to networks being limited by early-flying pollinators. If plants flower earlier due to climate change, plant fitness may decline as they will depend on early emerging pollinators, unless pollinators also emerge earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Melissa Guzman
- Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Scott A. Chamberlain
- Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Elizabeth Elle
- Evolutionary and Behavioural Ecology Research GroupDepartment of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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4
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Fründ J. Dissimilarity of species interaction networks: how to partition rewiring and species turnover components. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Tennenbacher Straße 4 Freiburg 79106 Germany
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5
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Schwarz B, Dormann CF, Vázquez DP, Fründ J. Within-day dynamics of plant-pollinator networks are dominated by early flower closure: an experimental test of network plasticity. Oecologia 2021; 196:781-794. [PMID: 34081202 PMCID: PMC8292255 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Temporal variability of plant–pollinator interactions is important for fully understanding the structure, function, and stability of plant–pollinator networks, but most network studies so far have ignored within-day dynamics. Strong diel dynamics (e.g., a regular daily cycle) were found for networks with Cichorieae, which typically close their flowers around noon. Here, we experimentally prevented early flower closure to test whether these dynamics are driven by the temporally limited availability of Cichorieae, or by timing of pollinator activity. We further tested if the dynamics involving Cichorieae and their pollinators also affect the dynamics on other plants in the network. Finally, we explored the structure of such manipulated networks (with Cichorieae available in the morning and afternoon) compared to unmanipulated controls (Cichorieae available only in the morning). We found that flower closure of Cichorieae is indeed an important driver of diel network dynamics, while other drivers of pollinator timing appeared less important. If Cichorieae flowers were available in the afternoon, they were visited by generalist and specialist pollinators, which overall decreased link turnover between morning and afternoon. Effects of afternoon availability of Cichorieae on other plants in the network were inconclusive: pollinator switching to and from Cichorieae tended to increase. On the level of the aggregated (full-day) network, the treatment resulted in increased dominance of Cichorieae, reducing modularity and increasing plant generality. These results highlight that network dynamics can be predicted by knowledge of diel or seasonal phenology, and that fixed species timing assumptions will misrepresent the expected dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schwarz
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Carsten F Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Argentine Institute for Dryland Research, CONICET, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.,Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, M5502JMA, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Schlautmann J, Rehling F, Albrecht J, Jaroszewicz B, Schabo DG, Farwig N. Observing frugivores or collecting scats: a method comparison to construct quantitative seed dispersal networks. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schlautmann
- Conservation Ecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Marburg Germany
| | - Finn Rehling
- Conservation Ecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Marburg Germany
| | - Jörg Albrecht
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, Univ. of Warsaw Białowieża Poland
| | - Dana G. Schabo
- Conservation Ecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Marburg Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Conservation Ecology, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Marburg Germany
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7
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Kortsch S, Frelat R, Pecuchet L, Olivier P, Putnis I, Bonsdorff E, Ojaveer H, Jurgensone I, Strāķe S, Rubene G, Krūze Ē, Nordström MC. Disentangling temporal food web dynamics facilitates understanding of ecosystem functioning. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1205-1216. [PMID: 33608888 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studying how food web structure and function vary through time represents an opportunity to better comprehend and anticipate ecosystem changes. Yet, temporal studies of highly resolved food web structure are scarce. With few exceptions, most temporal food web studies are either too simplified, preventing a detailed assessment of structural properties or binary, missing the temporal dynamics of energy fluxes among species. Using long-term, multi-trophic biomass data coupled with highly resolved information on species feeding relationships, we analysed food web dynamics in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea) over more than three decades (1981-2014). We combined unweighted (topology-based) and weighted (biomass- and flux-based) food web approaches, first, to unravel how distinct descriptors can highlight differences (or similarities) in food web dynamics through time, and second, to compare temporal dynamics of food web structure and function. We find that food web descriptors vary substantially and distinctively through time, likely reflecting different underlying ecosystem processes. While node- and link-weighted metrics reflect changes related to alterations in species dominance and fluxes, unweighted metrics are more sensitive to changes in species and link richness. Comparing unweighted, topology-based metrics and flux-based functions further indicates that temporal changes in functions cannot be predicted using unweighted food web structure. Rather, information on species population dynamics and weighted, flux-based networks should be included to better comprehend temporal food web dynamics. By integrating unweighted, node- and link-weighted metrics, we here demonstrate how different approaches can be used to compare food web structure and function, and identify complementary patterns of change in temporal food web dynamics, which enables a more complete understanding of the ecological processes at play in ecosystems undergoing change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kortsch
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Romain Frelat
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurene Pecuchet
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pierre Olivier
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ivars Putnis
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Erik Bonsdorff
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Henn Ojaveer
- Pärnu College, University of Tartu, Pärnu, Estonia.,National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Gunta Rubene
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ēriks Krūze
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marie C Nordström
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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8
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CaraDonna PJ, Burkle LA, Schwarz B, Resasco J, Knight TM, Benadi G, Blüthgen N, Dormann CF, Fang Q, Fründ J, Gauzens B, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Winfree R, Vázquez DP. Seeing through the static: the temporal dimension of plant-animal mutualistic interactions. Ecol Lett 2020; 24:149-161. [PMID: 33073900 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of plant-animal mutualistic networks have come from a temporally static perspective. This approach has revealed general patterns in network structure, but limits our ability to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape these networks and to predict the consequences of natural and human-driven disturbance on species interactions. We review the growing literature on temporal dynamics of plant-animal mutualistic networks including pollination, seed dispersal and ant defence mutualisms. We then discuss potential mechanisms underlying such variation in interactions, ranging from behavioural and physiological processes at the finest temporal scales to ecological and evolutionary processes at the broadest. We find that at the finest temporal scales (days, weeks, months) mutualistic interactions are highly dynamic, with considerable variation in network structure. At intermediate scales (years, decades), networks still exhibit high levels of temporal variation, but such variation appears to influence network properties only weakly. At the broadest temporal scales (many decades, centuries and beyond), continued shifts in interactions appear to reshape network structure, leading to dramatic community changes, including loss of species and function. Our review highlights the importance of considering the temporal dimension for understanding the ecology and evolution of complex webs of mutualistic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J CaraDonna
- Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, IL, 60647, USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 519, Crested Butte, CO, 81224, USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
| | - Julian Resasco
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Gita Benadi
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany
| | - Carsten F Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
| | - Qiang Fang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher N Kaiser-Bunbury
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
- Argentine Institute for Dryland Research, CONICET, National University of Cuyo, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National University of Cuyo, Padre Jorge Contreras 1300, Mendoza, M5502JMA, Argentina
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9
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Zografou K, Swartz MT, Tilden VP, McKinney EN, Eckenrode JA, Sewall BJ. Stable generalist species anchor a dynamic pollination network. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Zografou
- Department of Biology Temple University 1900 North 12th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania19122USA
| | - Mark T. Swartz
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Virginia P. Tilden
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Erika N. McKinney
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Julie A. Eckenrode
- The Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans AffairsFort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center Annville Pennsylvania17003USA
| | - Brent J. Sewall
- Department of Biology Temple University 1900 North 12th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania19122USA
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10
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Schwarz B, Vázquez DP, CaraDonna PJ, Knight TM, Benadi G, Dormann CF, Gauzens B, Motivans E, Resasco J, Blüthgen N, Burkle LA, Fang Q, Kaiser‐Bunbury CN, Alarcón R, Bain JA, Chacoff NP, Huang S, LeBuhn G, MacLeod M, Petanidou T, Rasmussen C, Simanonok MP, Thompson AH, Fründ J. Temporal scale‐dependence of plant–pollinator networks. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schwarz
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Univ. of Freiburg Tennenbacher Str. 4 DE‐79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Diego P. Vázquez
- Argentine Inst. for Dryland Research, CONICET Mendoza Argentina
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, National Univ. of Cuyo Mendoza Argentina
| | - Paul J. CaraDonna
- Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO USA
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Dept Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle Germany
- Inst. of Biology, Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Gita Benadi
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Univ. of Freiburg Tennenbacher Str. 4 DE‐79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Univ. of Freiburg Tennenbacher Str. 4 DE‐79106 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Inst. for Advanced Studies, Univ. of Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
| | - Elena Motivans
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Dept Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ Halle Germany
| | - Julian Resasco
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Dept of Biology, Technische Univ. Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | | | - Qiang Fang
- College of Agriculture, Henan Univ. of Science and Technology Luoyang PR China
| | | | - Ruben Alarcón
- Dept of Biology, California State Univ. Channel Islands Camarillo CA USA
| | - Justin A. Bain
- Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe IL USA
- Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested Butte CO USA
- Plant Biology and Conservation Program, Northwestern Univ. Evanston IL USA
| | - Natacha P. Chacoff
- Inst. de Ecología Regional (IER), Univ. Nacional de Tucumán (UNT)‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Tucumán Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Univ. Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) Tucumán Argentina
| | - Shuang‐Quan Huang
- Inst. of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal Univ. Wuhan PR China
| | - Gretchen LeBuhn
- Dept of Biology, San Francisco State Univ. San Francisco CA USA
| | - Molly MacLeod
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers Univ. New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Dept of Geography, Univ. of the Aegean Mytilene Greece
| | | | - Michael P. Simanonok
- Dept of Ecology, Montana State Univ. Bozeman MT USA
- Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, US Geological Survey Jamestown ND USA
| | - Amibeth H. Thompson
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology, Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg Halle Germany
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Univ. of Freiburg Tennenbacher Str. 4 DE‐79106 Freiburg Germany
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11
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Terry JCD, Lewis OT. Finding missing links in interaction networks. Ecology 2020; 101:e03047. [PMID: 32219855 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Documenting which species interact within ecological communities is challenging and labor intensive. As a result, many interactions remain unrecorded, potentially distorting our understanding of network structure and dynamics. We test the utility of four structural models and a new coverage-deficit model for predicting missing links in both simulated and empirical bipartite networks. We find they can perform well, although the predictive power of structural models varies with the underlying network structure. The accuracy of predictions can be improved by ensembling multiple models. Augmenting observed networks with most-likely missing links improves estimates of qualitative network metrics. Tools to identify likely missing links can be simple to implement, allowing the prioritization of research effort and more robust assessment of network properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
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12
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Dáttilo W, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Debastiani VJ, Jordano P, Izzo TJ. The influence of spatial sampling scales on ant-plant interaction network architecture. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:903-914. [PMID: 30883711 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite great interest in metrics to quantify the structure of ecological networks, the effects of sampling and scale remain poorly understood. In fact, one of the most challenging issues in ecology is how to define suitable scales (i.e., temporal or spatial) to accurately describe and understand ecological systems. Here, we sampled a series of ant-plant interaction networks in the southern Brazilian Amazon rainforest in order to determine whether the spatial sampling scale, from local to regional, affects our understanding of the structure of these networks. To this end, we recorded ant-plant interactions in adjacent 25 × 30 m subplots (local sampling scale) nested within twelve 250 × 30 m plots (regional sampling scale). Moreover, we combined adjacent or random subplots and plots in order to increase the spatial sampling scales at the local and regional levels. We then calculated commonly used binary and quantitative network-level metrics for both sampling scales (i.e., number of species and interactions, nestedness, specialization and modularity), all of which encompass a wide array of structural patterns in interaction networks. We observed increasing species and interactions across sampling scales, and while most network descriptors remained relatively constant at the local level, there was more variation at the regional scale. Among all metrics, specialization was most constant across different spatial sampling scales. Furthermore, we observed that adjacent assembly did not generate more variation in network descriptor values compared to random assembly. This finding indicates that the spatially aggregated distribution of species/individuals and abiotic conditions does not affect the organization of these interacting assemblages. Our results have a direct impact on our empirical and theoretical understanding of the ecological dynamics of species interactions by demonstrating that small spatial sampling scales should suffice to record some patterns commonly found in ant-plant interaction networks in a highly diverse tropical rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Mexico
| | | | - Vanderlei J Debastiani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Thiago J Izzo
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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13
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Maia KP, Rasmussen C, Olesen JM, Guimarães PR. Does the sociality of pollinators shape the organisation of pollination networks? OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate P. Maia
- Inst. de Biociências, Univ. de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321 – Trav. 14 Cid. Universitária Sao Paulo São Paulo 05508‐090 Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bristol Bristol UK
| | | | | | - Paulo R. Guimarães
- Inst. de Biociências, Univ. de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321 – Trav. 14 Cid. Universitária Sao Paulo São Paulo 05508‐090 Brazil
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14
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Tiusanen M, Huotari T, Hebert PDN, Andersson T, Asmus A, Bêty J, Davis E, Gale J, Hardwick B, Hik D, Körner C, Lanctot RB, Loonen MJJE, Partanen R, Reischke K, Saalfeld ST, Senez‐Gagnon F, Smith PA, Šulavík J, Syvänperä I, Urbanowicz C, Williams S, Woodard P, Zaika Y, Roslin T. Flower-visitor communities of an arcto-alpine plant-Global patterns in species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological functioning. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:318-335. [PMID: 30418699 PMCID: PMC6378624 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollination is an ecosystem function of global importance. Yet, who visits the flower of specific plants, how the composition of these visitors varies in space and time and how such variation translates into pollination services are hard to establish. The use of DNA barcodes allows us to address ecological patterns involving thousands of taxa that are difficult to identify. To clarify the regional variation in the visitor community of a widespread flower resource, we compared the composition of the arthropod community visiting species in the genus Dryas (mountain avens, family Rosaceae), throughout Arctic and high-alpine areas. At each of 15 sites, we sampled Dryas visitors with 100 sticky flower mimics and identified specimens to Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) using a partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene. As a measure of ecosystem functioning, we quantified variation in the seed set of Dryas. To test for an association between phylogenetic and functional diversity, we characterized the structure of local visitor communities with both taxonomic and phylogenetic descriptors. In total, we detected 1,360 different BINs, dominated by Diptera and Hymenoptera. The richness of visitors at each site appeared to be driven by local temperature and precipitation. Phylogeographic structure seemed reflective of geological history and mirrored trans-Arctic patterns detected in plants. Seed set success varied widely among sites, with little variation attributable to pollinator species richness. This pattern suggests idiosyncratic associations, with function dominated by few and potentially different taxa at each site. Taken together, our findings illustrate the role of post-glacial history in the assembly of flower-visitor communities in the Arctic and offer insights for understanding how diversity translates into ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Tiusanen
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tea Huotari
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity GenomicsBiodiversity Institute of OntarioUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Tommi Andersson
- Kevo Subarctic Research StationBiodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Ashley Asmus
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexas
| | - Joël Bêty
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’études NordiquesUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuebecCanada
| | - Emma Davis
- Department of GeographyUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Jennifer Gale
- East Bay Southampton Island Shorebird CrewNational Wildlife Research CenterEnvironment CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Bess Hardwick
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - David Hik
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Christian Körner
- Department of Environmental SciencesInstitute of BotanyUniversity of BaselBaselGermany
| | | | | | - Rauni Partanen
- Kilpisjärvi Biological StationUniversity of HelsinkiKilpisjärviFinland
| | | | | | - Fanny Senez‐Gagnon
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la ForêtUniversité LavalQuebec CityQuébecCanada
| | - Paul A. Smith
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change CanadaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Ján Šulavík
- Department of Environmental SciencesFaculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ilkka Syvänperä
- Kevo Subarctic Research StationBiodiversity UnitUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | | | - Sian Williams
- Kluane Lake Research StationYukonSilver City, YukonCanada
| | - Paul Woodard
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada/Government of CanadaYellowknifeNorthwest TerritoriesCanada
| | - Yulia Zaika
- Department of GeographyKhibiny Academic Research StationLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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15
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López DN, Camus PA, Valdivia N, Estay SA. Food webs over time: evaluating structural differences and variability of degree distributions in food webs. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N. López
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Campus Isla Teja s/n Valdivia Chile
| | - Patricio A. Camus
- Departamento de Ecología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Alonso de Ribera 2850 Concepcion Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS); Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Alonso de Ribera 2850 Concepcion Chile
| | - Nelson Valdivia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Campus Isla Teja s/n Valdivia Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL); Universidad Austral de Chile; Campus Isla Teja s/n Valdivia Chile
| | - Sergio A. Estay
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Campus Isla Teja s/n Valdivia Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Av. L. B. O'Higgins 340 Santiago Chile
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16
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Phenology drives species interactions and modularity in a plant - flower visitor network. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9386. [PMID: 29925965 PMCID: PMC6010405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenology is often identified as one of the main structural driving forces of plant – flower visitor networks. Nevertheless, we do not yet have a full understanding of the effects of phenology in basic network build up mechanisms such as ecological modularity. In this study, we aimed to identify the effect of within-season temporal variation of plant and flower visitor activity on the network structural conformation. Thus, we analysed the temporal dynamics of a plant – flower visitor network in two Mediterranean alpine communities during one complete flowering season. In our approach, we built quantitative interaction networks and studied the dynamics through temporal beta diversity of species, interaction changes and modularity analysis. Within-season dissimilarity in the identity of interactions was mainly caused by species replacement through time (species turnover). Temporal replacement of species and interactions clearly impacted modularity, to the extent that species phenology emerged as a strong determinant of modularity in our networks. From an applied perspective, our results highlight the importance of considering the temporal variation of species interactions throughout the flowering season and the requirement of making comprehensive temporal sampling when aiming to build functionally consistent interaction networks.
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17
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Kantsa A, Raguso RA, Dyer AG, Olesen JM, Tscheulin T, Petanidou T. Disentangling the role of floral sensory stimuli in pollination networks. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29531220 PMCID: PMC5847531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding pollination network structure, the functional roles of floral sensory stimuli (visual, olfactory) have never been addressed comprehensively in a community context, even though such traits are known to mediate plant–pollinator interactions. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset of floral traits and a novel dynamic data-pooling methodology to explore the impacts of floral sensory diversity on the structure of a pollination network in a Mediterranean scrubland. Our approach tracks transitions in the network behaviour of each plant species throughout its flowering period and, despite dynamism in visitor composition, reveals significant links to floral scent, and/or colour as perceived by pollinators. Having accounted for floral phenology, abundance and phylogeny, the persistent association between floral sensory traits and visitor guilds supports a deeper role for sensory bias and diffuse coevolution in structuring plant–pollinator networks. This knowledge of floral sensory diversity, by identifying the most influential phenotypes, could help prioritize efforts for plant–pollinator community restoration. Can floral phenotype predict the most influential species for maintaining plant–pollinator communities? Here, Kantsa et al. develop a methodology for trait-based analysis, revealing the critical role of floral scent, and floral colour as perceived by insects, in shaping visitation networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aphrodite Kantsa
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece. .,Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Robert A Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Adrian G Dyer
- Department of Media and Communication, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, 3000, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Jens M Olesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Tscheulin
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
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18
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Cirtwill AR, Roslin T, Rasmussen C, Olesen JM, Stouffer DB. Between-year changes in community composition shape species’ roles in an Arctic plant-pollinator network. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Cirtwill
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
- Dept of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM); Linköping Univ.; SE-581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
- Dept of Agricultural Sciences; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | - Daniel B. Stouffer
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences; Univ. of Canterbury; Christchurch New Zealand
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19
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Dormann CF, Fründ J, Schaefer HM. Identifying Causes of Patterns in Ecological Networks: Opportunities and Limitations. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-022928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ecological networks depict the interactions between species, mainly based on observations in the field. The information contained in such interaction matrices depends on the sampling design, and typically, compounds preferences (specialization) and abundances (activity). Null models are the primary vehicles to disentangle the effects of specialization from those of sampling and abundance, but they ignore the feedback of network structure on abundances. Hence, network structure, as exemplified here by modularity, is difficult to link to specific causes. Indeed, various processes lead to modularity and to specific interaction patterns more generally. Inferring (co)evolutionary dynamics is even more challenging, as competition and trait matching yield identical patterns of interactions. A satisfactory resolution of the underlying factors determining network structure will require substantial additional information, not only on independently assessed abundances, but also on traits, and ideally on fitness consequences as measured in experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten F. Dormann
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
| | - Jochen Fründ
- Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;,
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20
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Zapata-Mesa N, Montoya-Bustamante S, Murillo-García OE. Temporal variation in bat-fruit interactions: Foraging strategies influence network structure over time. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Ballantyne G, Baldock KCR, Rendell L, Willmer PG. Pollinator importance networks illustrate the crucial value of bees in a highly speciose plant community. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8389. [PMID: 28827573 PMCID: PMC5566368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate predictions of pollination service delivery require a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between plants and flower visitors. To improve measurements of pollinator performance underlying such predictions, we surveyed visitation frequency, pollinator effectiveness (pollen deposition ability) and pollinator importance (the product of visitation frequency and effectiveness) of flower visitors in a diverse Mediterranean flower meadow. With these data we constructed the largest pollinator importance network to date and compared it with the corresponding visitation network to estimate the specialisation of the community with greater precision. Visitation frequencies at the community level were positively correlated with the amount of pollen deposited during individual visits, though rarely correlated at lower taxonomic resolution. Bees had the highest levels of pollinator effectiveness, with Apis, Andrena, Lasioglossum and Osmiini bees being the most effective visitors to a number of plant species. Bomblyiid flies were the most effective non-bee flower visitors. Predictions of community specialisation (H2′) were higher in the pollinator importance network than the visitation network, mirroring previous studies. Our results increase confidence in existing measures of pollinator redundancy at the community level using visitation data, while also providing detailed information on interaction quality at the plant species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Ballantyne
- University of St Andrews, School of Biological Sciences, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK. .,Edinburgh Napier University, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN, UK.
| | - Katherine C R Baldock
- University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.,University of Bristol, Cabot Institute, Bristol, BS8 1UJ, UK
| | - Luke Rendell
- University of St Andrews, School of Biological Sciences, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - P G Willmer
- University of St Andrews, School of Biological Sciences, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, UK
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22
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Urbanowicz C, Virginia RA, Irwin RE. The response of pollen-transport networks to landscape-scale climate variation. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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23
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Lopez DN, Camus PA, Valdivia N, Estay SA. High temporal variability in the occurrence of consumer-resource interactions in ecological networks. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N. Lopez
- Inst. de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias mención Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile; Valdivia
| | - Patricio A. Camus
- Depto de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Concepción Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Univ. Católica de la Santísima Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Nelson Valdivia
- Inst. de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Univ. Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - Sergio A. Estay
- Inst. de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Pontificia Univ. Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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24
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Somervuo P, Yu DW, Xu CC, Ji Y, Hultman J, Wirta H, Ovaskainen O. Quantifying uncertainty of taxonomic placement in
DNA
barcoding and metabarcoding. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panu Somervuo
- Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki P.O. Box 65 Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland
| | - Douglas W. Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Jiaochang East Road Kunming Yunnan 650223 China
- School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich Norfolk NR47TJ UK
| | - Charles C.Y. Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Jiaochang East Road Kunming Yunnan 650223 China
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen P.O. Box 11103 9700 CC Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Yinqiu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 32 Jiaochang East Road Kunming Yunnan 650223 China
| | - Jenni Hultman
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki P.O. Box 56 Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland
| | - Helena Wirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences University of Helsinki P.O. Box 27 Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki P.O. Box 65 Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Department of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology N‐7491 Trondheim Norway
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25
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Schmidt NM, Hardwick B, Gilg O, Høye TT, Krogh PH, Meltofte H, Michelsen A, Mosbacher JB, Raundrup K, Reneerkens J, Stewart L, Wirta H, Roslin T. Interaction webs in arctic ecosystems: Determinants of arctic change? AMBIO 2017; 46:12-25. [PMID: 28116681 PMCID: PMC5258656 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
How species interact modulate their dynamics, their response to environmental change, and ultimately the functioning and stability of entire communities. Work conducted at Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland, has changed our view on how networks of arctic biotic interactions are structured, how they vary in time, and how they are changing with current environmental change: firstly, the high arctic interaction webs are much more complex than previously envisaged, and with a structure mainly dictated by its arthropod component. Secondly, the dynamics of species within these webs reflect changes in environmental conditions. Thirdly, biotic interactions within a trophic level may affect other trophic levels, in some cases ultimately affecting land-atmosphere feedbacks. Finally, differential responses to environmental change may decouple interacting species. These insights form Zackenberg emphasize that the combination of long-term, ecosystem-based monitoring, and targeted research projects offers the most fruitful basis for understanding and predicting the future of arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels M. Schmidt
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bess Hardwick
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olivier Gilg
- GREA, 16 rue de Vernot, 21440 Francheville, France
| | - Toke T. Høye
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, Denmark
| | - Paul Henning Krogh
- Department of Bioscience, Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Meltofte
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B. Mosbacher
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrine Raundrup
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, P.O. Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Jeroen Reneerkens
- Animal Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lærke Stewart
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Helena Wirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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26
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Tiusanen M, Hebert PDN, Schmidt NM, Roslin T. One fly to rule them all-muscid flies are the key pollinators in the Arctic. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161271. [PMID: 27683367 PMCID: PMC5046896 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Global change is causing drastic changes in the pollinator communities of the Arctic. While arctic flowers are visited by a wide range of insects, flies in family Muscidae have been proposed as a pollinator group of particular importance. To understand the functional outcome of current changes in pollinator community composition, we examined the role of muscids in the pollination of a key plant species, the mountain avens (Dryas). We monitored the seed set of Dryas across 15 sites at Zackenberg, northeast Greenland, and used sticky flower mimics and DNA barcoding to describe the flower-visiting community at each site. To evaluate the consequences of shifts in pollinator phenology under climate change, we compared the flower visitors between the early and the late season. Our approach revealed a diverse community of insects visiting Dryas, including two-thirds of all insect species known from the area. Even against this diverse background, the abundance of muscid flies emerged as a key predictor for seed set in Dryas, whereas overall insect abundance and species richness had little or no effect. With muscid flies as the main drivers of the pollinating function in the High Arctic, a recently observed decline in their abundances offers cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Tiusanen
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Niels Martin Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Trøjelsgaard K, Olesen JM. Ecological networks in motion: micro‐ and macroscopic variability across scales. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Trøjelsgaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H Aalborg East9220 Denmark
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 116 Aarhus C 8000 Denmark
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Falcão JC, Dáttilo W, Rico-Gray V. Sampling effort differences can lead to biased conclusions on the architecture of ant–plant interaction networks. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Trøjelsgaard K, Jordano P, Carstensen DW, Olesen JM. Geographical variation in mutualistic networks: similarity, turnover and partner fidelity. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2014.2925. [PMID: 25632001 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although species and their interactions in unison represent biodiversity and all the ecological and evolutionary processes associated with life, biotic interactions have, contrary to species, rarely been integrated into the concepts of spatial β-diversity. Here, we examine β-diversity of ecological networks by using pollination networks sampled across the Canary Islands. We show that adjacent and distant communities are more and less similar, respectively, in their composition of plants, pollinators and interactions than expected from random distributions. We further show that replacement of species is the major driver of interaction turnover and that this contribution increases with distance. Finally, we quantify that species-specific partner compositions (here called partner fidelity) deviate from random partner use, but vary as a result of ecological and geographical variables. In particular, breakdown of partner fidelity was facilitated by increasing geographical distance, changing abundances and changing linkage levels, but was not related to the geographical distribution of the species. This highlights the importance of space when comparing communities of interacting species and may stimulate a rethinking of the spatial interpretation of interaction networks. Moreover, geographical interaction dynamics and its causes are important in our efforts to anticipate effects of large-scale changes, such as anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Trøjelsgaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pedro Jordano
- Integrative Ecology Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel W Carstensen
- Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fenologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jens M Olesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Wirta H, Várkonyi G, Rasmussen C, Kaartinen R, Schmidt NM, Hebert PDN, Barták M, Blagoev G, Disney H, Ertl S, Gjelstrup P, Gwiazdowicz DJ, Huldén L, Ilmonen J, Jakovlev J, Jaschhof M, Kahanpää J, Kankaanpää T, Krogh PH, Labbee R, Lettner C, Michelsen V, Nielsen SA, Nielsen TR, Paasivirta L, Pedersen S, Pohjoismäki J, Salmela J, Vilkamaa P, Väre H, von Tschirnhaus M, Roslin T. Establishing a community-wide DNA barcode library as a new tool for arctic research. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 16:809-22. [PMID: 26602739 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA sequences offer powerful tools for describing the members and interactions of natural communities. In this study, we establish the to-date most comprehensive library of DNA barcodes for a terrestrial site, including all known macroscopic animals and vascular plants of an intensively studied area of the High Arctic, the Zackenberg Valley in Northeast Greenland. To demonstrate its utility, we apply the library to identify nearly 20 000 arthropod individuals from two Malaise traps, each operated for two summers. Drawing on this material, we estimate the coverage of previous morphology-based species inventories, derive a snapshot of faunal turnover in space and time and describe the abundance and phenology of species in the rapidly changing arctic environment. Overall, 403 terrestrial animal and 160 vascular plant species were recorded by morphology-based techniques. DNA barcodes (CO1) offered high resolution in discriminating among the local animal taxa, with 92% of morphologically distinguishable taxa assigned to unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) and 93% to monophyletic clusters. For vascular plants, resolution was lower, with 54% of species forming monophyletic clusters based on barcode regions rbcLa and ITS2. Malaise catches revealed 122 BINs not detected by previous sampling and DNA barcoding. The insect community was dominated by a few highly abundant taxa. Even closely related taxa differed in phenology, emphasizing the need for species-level resolution when describing ongoing shifts in arctic communities and ecosystems. The DNA barcode library now established for Zackenberg offers new scope for such explorations, and for the detailed dissection of interspecific interactions throughout the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Várkonyi
- Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, Friendship Park Research Centre, Lentiirantie 342B, 88900, Kuhmo, Finland
| | - C Rasmussen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - R Kaartinen
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N M Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - P D N Hebert
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - M Barták
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 21, Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - G Blagoev
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - H Disney
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - S Ertl
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Gjelstrup
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, DK-8600, Denmark
| | - D J Gwiazdowicz
- Department of Forest Pathology, University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, Poznan, 60625, Poland
| | - L Huldén
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Ilmonen
- Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland, PO Box 94, 01301, Vantaa, Finland
| | - J Jakovlev
- Finnish Environment Institute, Mechelininkatu 34A, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Jaschhof
- Station Linné, Ölands Skogsby 161, 38693, Färjestaden, Sweden
| | - J Kahanpää
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Kankaanpää
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P H Krogh
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, DK-8600, Denmark
| | - R Labbee
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C Lettner
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Michelsen
- Zoological Museum of the University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S A Nielsen
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | - S Pedersen
- Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Pohjoismäki
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 11, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - J Salmela
- Metsähallitus, Ounasjoentie 6, 96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - P Vilkamaa
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Väre
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botany Unit, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44, 00140, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M von Tschirnhaus
- Fakultät Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - T Roslin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 5, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Valverde J, Gómez JM, Perfectti F. The temporal dimension in individual-based plant pollination networks. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Maria Gómez
- Dpto de Ecología; Univ. de Granada; ES-18071 Granada Spain
- Dpto de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC); ES-04120 Almería Spain
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32
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Wirta HK, Vesterinen EJ, Hambäck PA, Weingartner E, Rasmussen C, Reneerkens J, Schmidt NM, Gilg O, Roslin T. Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3842-56. [PMID: 26380710 PMCID: PMC4567885 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How food webs are structured has major implications for their stability and dynamics. While poorly studied to date, arctic food webs are commonly assumed to be simple in structure, with few links per species. If this is the case, then different parts of the web may be weakly connected to each other, with populations and species united by only a low number of links. We provide the first highly resolved description of trophic link structure for a large part of a high-arctic food web. For this purpose, we apply a combination of recent techniques to describing the links between three predator guilds (insectivorous birds, spiders, and lepidopteran parasitoids) and their two dominant prey orders (Diptera and Lepidoptera). The resultant web shows a dense link structure and no compartmentalization or modularity across the three predator guilds. Thus, both individual predators and predator guilds tap heavily into the prey community of each other, offering versatile scope for indirect interactions across different parts of the web. The current description of a first but single arctic web may serve as a benchmark toward which to gauge future webs resolved by similar techniques. Targeting an unusual breadth of predator guilds, and relying on techniques with a high resolution, it suggests that species in this web are closely connected. Thus, our findings call for similar explorations of link structure across multiple guilds in both arctic and other webs. From an applied perspective, our description of an arctic web suggests new avenues for understanding how arctic food webs are built and function and of how they respond to current climate change. It suggests that to comprehend the community-level consequences of rapid arctic warming, we should turn from analyses of populations, population pairs, and isolated predator-prey interactions to considering the full set of interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena K Wirta
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero J Vesterinen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku Vesilinnantie 5, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Weingartner
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claus Rasmussen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jeroen Reneerkens
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands ; Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Niels M Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Olivier Gilg
- Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France ; Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique 16 rue de Vernot, 21440, Francheville, France
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki Latokartanonkaari 5, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Carstensen DW, Sabatino M, Trøjelsgaard K, Morellato LPC. Beta diversity of plant-pollinator networks and the spatial turnover of pairwise interactions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112903. [PMID: 25384058 PMCID: PMC4226610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between species form complex networks that vary across space and time. Even without spatial or temporal constraints mutualistic pairwise interactions may vary, or rewire, across space but this variability is not well understood. Here, we quantify the beta diversity of species and interactions and test factors influencing the probability of turnover of pairwise interactions across space. We ask: 1) whether beta diversity of plants, pollinators, and interactions follow a similar trend across space, and 2) which interaction properties and site characteristics are related to the probability of turnover of pairwise interactions. Geographical distance was positively correlated with plant and interaction beta diversity. We find that locally frequent interactions are more consistent across space and that local flower abundance is important for the realization of pairwise interactions. While the identity of pairwise interactions is highly variable across space, some species-pairs form interactions that are locally frequent and spatially consistent. Such interactions represent cornerstones of interacting communities and deserve special attention from ecologists and conservation planners alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Carstensen
- Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fenologia, Plant Phenology and Seed Dispersal Group, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Malena Sabatino
- Laboratorio Ecotono-CRUB, Universidad Nacional del Comahue & CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Kristian Trøjelsgaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Leonor Patricia C. Morellato
- Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório de Fenologia, Plant Phenology and Seed Dispersal Group, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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34
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Tur C, Olesen JM, Traveset A. Increasing modularity when downscaling networks from species to individuals. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tur
- IMEDEA, Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC - UIB).; Miquel Marqués, 21 ES-07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
| | - Jens M. Olesen
- Dept of Bioscience; Aarhus Univ.; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Anna Traveset
- IMEDEA, Inst. Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC - UIB).; Miquel Marqués, 21 ES-07190 Esporles Illes Balears Spain
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