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Chen B, Li S, Lin S, Dong H. Investigating the relationship between muscle mass and nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294400. [PMID: 38166041 PMCID: PMC10760835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization is associated with an increased risk of infection disease. Low muscle mass has been linked to higher levels of inflammatory markers and weakened immune response, which may impact the susceptibility to nasal MRSA colonization. The relationship between muscle function and immune response to pathogens may be bidirectional. This study investigates the association between muscle mass and nasal MRSA colonization in adults. METHODS The present cross-sectional study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 and 2004. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) adjusted by body mass index (BMI) (ASM/BMI) was used to evaluate muscle mass. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for demographic and infection factors, was used to analyze the association between muscle mass and nasal colonization by MRSA. A subgroup analysis based on age and gender was performed to assess the impact of muscle mass on nasal MRSA colonization. RESULTS Nasal MRSA colonization was more prevalent in females, those with smaller household sizes, lower income, lower ASM/BMI, those who had stayed in healthcare facilities in the past 12 months, and individuals with diabetes and smoking habits. After adjusting for confounding factors, a dose-dependent association was found between decreasing quartiles of ASM/BMI and the risk of nasal MRSA colonization (p < 0.05). Additionally, per 1 unit increase in ASM/BMI was related to a 64% lower risk of nasal MRSA colonization. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a significant negative correlation between ASM/BMI and the risk of nasal MRSA colonization. However, more prospective studies are required to investigate the causal relationship between muscle mass and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixing Chen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaoshuo Li
- Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Shi Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Jiang JH, Cameron DR, Nethercott C, Aires-de-Sousa M, Peleg AY. Virulence attributes of successful methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineages. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0014822. [PMID: 37982596 PMCID: PMC10732075 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00148-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe and often fatal infections. MRSA epidemics have occurred in waves, whereby a previously successful lineage has been replaced by a more fit and better adapted lineage. Selection pressures in both hospital and community settings are not uniform across the globe, which has resulted in geographically distinct epidemiology. This review focuses on the mechanisms that trigger the establishment and maintenance of current, dominant MRSA lineages across the globe. While the important role of antibiotic resistance will be mentioned throughout, factors which influence the capacity of S. aureus to colonize and cause disease within a host will be the primary focus of this review. We show that while MRSA possesses a diverse arsenal of toxins including alpha-toxin, the success of a lineage involves more than just producing toxins that damage the host. Success is often attributed to the acquisition or loss of genetic elements involved in colonization and niche adaptation such as the arginine catabolic mobile element, as well as the activity of regulatory systems, and shift metabolism accordingly (e.g., the accessory genome regulator, agr). Understanding exactly how specific MRSA clones cause prolonged epidemics may reveal targets for therapies, whereby both core (e.g., the alpha toxin) and acquired virulence factors (e.g., the Panton-Valentine leukocidin) may be nullified using anti-virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hang Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R. Cameron
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cara Nethercott
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institutode Tecnologia Químicae Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa-Lisboa (ESSCVP-Lisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Microbiology, Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wolde W, Mitiku H, Sarkar R, Shume T. Nasal Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus, Its Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Among Health Care Workers in Public Hospitals, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3477-3486. [PMID: 37287547 PMCID: PMC10243340 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s396570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is the bacteria that colonizes the nasal nares of health-care workers and serves as a reservoir for the spread of pathogen for subsequent infections, mainly Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, there is a limited study conducted regarding this topic in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Objective The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, associated factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among health-care workers of public hospitals in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia from May 15 to July 30, 2021. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 295 health-care workers. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the participant. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured at 35°C for 24hrs. S. aureus was identified using the coagulase test and catalase test. Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) was screened using a cefoxitin disc on Muller Hinton agar using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Data were entered into EPI-Info version-7 and transferred to SPSS-20 for analysis. Factors associated with nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus were determined by using chi-square analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in this study was 15.6% (95% CI: 11.7%, 20.3%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 11.2% (95% CI: 7.8%, 15.4%), respectively. Age (P < 0.001), work experience (p < 0.001), working unit (p < 0.02), antibiotic use within 3 months (p < 0.001), hand washing habit (p < 0.01), hand rub use (p < 0.001), living with smokers (p < 0.001), living with pets (p < 0.001) and having chronic diseases (p < 0.001) were found significantly associated with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage. Conclusion The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are high in our study. The study emphasizes the need for regular surveillance among hospital staff and the environment to prevent MRSA transmission among health-care personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondimagegn Wolde
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Mitiku
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Disease and Parasitology, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Rajesh Sarkar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Shume
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Campos J, Pires MF, Sousa M, Campos C, da Costa CFFA, Sampaio-Maia B. Unveiling the Relevance of the Oral Cavity as a Staphylococcus aureus Colonization Site and Potential Source of Antimicrobial Resistance. Pathogens 2023; 12:765. [PMID: 37375455 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is both a human commensal and a pathogen, that causes serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Despite nostrils being considered its preferred host habitat, the oral cavity has been demonstrated to be an ideal starting point for auto-infection and transmission. The antibiotic resistance assessment of S. aureus is a priority and is often reported in clinical settings. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus in the oral and nasal cavities of healthy individuals. The participants (n = 101) were subjected to a demographic and clinical background survey, a caries evaluation, and to oral and nasal swabbing. Swabs were cultured in differential/selective media and S. aureus isolates were identified (MALDI-TOF MS) and tested for antibiotic susceptibility (EUCAST/CLSI). Similar S. aureus prevalence was found exclusively on nasal (13.9%) or oral (12.0%) habitats, whereas 9.9% of the population were simultaneous nasal and oral carriers. In oro-nasal cavities, similar antibiotic resistance rates (83.3-81.5%), including MDR (20.8-29.6%), were observed. Notably, 60% (6/10) of the simultaneous nasal and oral carriers exhibited different antibiotic resistance profiles between cavities. This study demonstrates the relevance of the oral cavity as an independent colonization site for S. aureus and as a potential source of antimicrobial resistance, a role which has been widely neglected so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Faria Pires
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Campos
- Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Fernandes Ferreira Alves da Costa
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
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Increased dietary manganese impairs NET formation rendering neutrophils ineffective at combating Staphylococcus aureus. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0068521. [PMID: 35191757 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00685-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary metals can modify the risk to infection. Previously, we demonstrated that heightened dietary manganese (Mn) during systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection increases S. aureus virulence. However, immune cells also operate in these same environments and the effect of dietary Mn on neutrophil function in vivo has not been assessed. This study reveals that increased concentrations of Mn impairs mitochondrial respiration and superoxide production in neutrophils responding to S. aureus. As a result, high Mn accelerates primary degranulation, while impairing suicidal neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, which decreases bactericidal activity. In vivo, elevated dietary Mn accumulated extracellularly in the heart, indicating that excess Mn may be more bioavailable in the heart. Coinciding with this phenotype, neutrophil function in the heart was most impacted by a high Mn diet, as neutrophils produced lower levels of mitochondrial superoxide and underwent less suicidal NET formation. Consistent with an ineffective neutrophil response when mice are on a high Mn diet, S. aureus burdens were increased in the heart and mice were more susceptible to systemic infection. Therefore, elevated dietary Mn not only affects S. aureus but also renders neutrophils less capable of restricting staphylococcal infection.
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Ferreira CM, Filho RAAB, Ferreira GMA, de Lacerda MVG, de Oliveira CMC, de Souza Sampaio V, Silva LM, Pascoal AG, Ferreira WA. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species in healthcare workers of a blood bank in the Brazilian Amazon. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34736414 PMCID: PMC8567558 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers are susceptible to colonization by multiresistant bacteria, which can increase the risk of outbreaks. METHODS Samples were collected from the nasopharynx, hands, and lab coats of healthcare workers. The phenotypic identification was carried out using a VITEK®2 rapid test system. PCR tests for the mecA gene and the sequencing of the amplicons were performed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus phylogenies were reconstructed using the Bayesian inference. RESULTS A total of 225 healthcare workers participated in this study. Of these, 21.3% were male and 78.7% female. S. epidermidis and S.aureus showed high levels of resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and cefoxitin. The prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus was 3.16% and methicillin resistant S. epidermidis was 100%. Multilocus sequence typing identified 23 new S. epidermidis sequence types, and one new allele and sequence type for S. aureus. The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis in nursing and hemotherapy technicians as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 5.8-3.1%, while the frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus in hemotherapy technicians and biomedics, as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 4.2-8.9%%. CONCLUSIONS The healthcare workers at the city's blood bank, even when taking the necessary care with their hands, body and clothes, harbour methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis sequence types, which, as a potential source of multidrug resistant bacteria, can contribute to nosocomial infections among hematological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guilherme Motta Antunes Ferreira
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanderson de Souza Sampaio
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Manaus, Brazil.,Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lucyane Mendes Silva
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andreza Gomes Pascoal
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas - HEMOAM, Manaus, Brazil
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Effect of using portable alcohol-based handrub on nurses' hand hygiene compliance and nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus in a low-income health setting. Am J Infect Control 2020; 48:473-479. [PMID: 32204921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low hand-hygiene compliance (HHC) in low-income countries due to deficient hand hygiene resources may increase nasal carriage of S. aureus, a causative agent of health care-associated infections. The study aimed to assess the effect of using locally available portable alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) regarding nurses' HHC and nasal carriage of S. aureus. METHODS AND DESIGN Nonrandomized interventional design. Seventy-two (72) of 86 nurses were provided with portable ABHR to use during patient care (intervention group). The remaining 14 nurses constituted the control group. Evaluation was done via HHC observation per WHO 5-moments of HH, determining S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence and HH guideline knowledge assessment via a self-response questionnaire. RESULTS In the intervention group, HHC improved from 48.9% to 67.7% (P < .001) especially for hand-hygiene before and after patient contact. Hand-hygiene by handrubbing improved from 16 to 105 moments. There was positive feedback to portable ABHR use from nurses. S. aureus nasal carriage significantly decreased from 30.6% to 21% (P < .031). Negative carriage of S. aureus was significantly associated with increase in HHC (P < .001). Despite the low preintervention HHC, nurses showed considerably high levels of knowledge on relevance of hand hygiene. CONCLUSIONS Portable ABHR use was associated with improved HHC and reduced S. aureus nasal carriage prevalence. As nurses' knowledge of HH guidelines was high, provision of portable ABHR compensated for deficient facility HH resources resulting in improved HHC, which effected reduction in nasal carriage of S. aureus among nurses.
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Unexpected categories at risk of S. aureus nasal carriage among hospital workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:1093-1097. [PMID: 31422009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thirty percent of the general population are Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers. It has been shown that this increases with repeated contact with patients, but it is not known whether all categories of healthcare workers are at equal risk of carriage. We aimed to explore S. aureus nasal carriage among healthcare professionals. METHODS Prospective study conducted in two French university hospitals in 2014 and 2016. Volunteers were screened for S. aureus nasal carriage. Profession and hygiene habits were collected. Based on the results of this initial study, a second study focused on semi-skilled workers and biomedical equipment technicians (BETs) only; participants were given education on the basic rules of hygiene, then re-screened three months later. RESULTS In the initial study, 38.8% of the 436 participants were detected as nasal carriers. There was a significant difference in nasal carriage according to professional category (p < 0.0001); the lowest was found among administrative agents (17.3%), followed by healthcare providers (37.4%), laboratory technicians (37.6%). The greatest proportion was found among semi-skilled workers and BETs (52.9%). Spa-typing ruled out the hypothesis of a single clone dissemination among colleagues. After the three-month hygiene awareness campaign, all re-screened individuals remained positive, and with their respective initial strain. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge we report here for the first time that semi-skilled workers and BETs are specifically more at risk of S. aureus nasal colonisation. This striking finding urges hospital hygiene departments to evaluate this specific professional category and implement strategies to improve hygiene awareness.
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Sakr A, Brégeon F, Mège JL, Rolain JM, Blin O. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization: An Update on Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2419. [PMID: 30349525 PMCID: PMC6186810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 30% of the human population are asymptomatically and permanently colonized with nasal Staphylococcus aureus. To successfully colonize human nares, S. aureus needs to establish solid interactions with human nasal epithelial cells and overcome host defense mechanisms. However, some factors like bacterial interactions in the human nose can influence S. aureus colonization and sometimes prevent colonization. On the other hand, certain host characteristics and environmental factors can predispose to colonization. Nasal colonization can cause opportunistic and sometimes life-threatening infections such as surgical site infections or other infections in non-surgical patients that increase morbidity, mortality as well as healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Sakr
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, AP-HM, Pharmacologie Intégrée et Interface Clinique et Industriel, Institut des Neurosciences Timone - UMR AMU-INSERM 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Brégeon
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mège
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Service de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, AP-HM, Pharmacologie Intégrée et Interface Clinique et Industriel, Institut des Neurosciences Timone - UMR AMU-INSERM 1106, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Legese H, Kahsay AG, Kahsay A, Araya T, Adhanom G, Muthupandian S, Gebreyesus A. Nasal carriage, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers in Adigrat and Wukro hospitals, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:250. [PMID: 29685170 PMCID: PMC5914064 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine nasal carriage, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among health care-workers of Adigrat and Wukro hospitals Northern Ethiopia. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus and methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in the present study were 12% (29/242) and 5.8% (14/242) respectively. The rate of MRSA among S. aureus was 48.3%(14/29). In this study, MRSA carriage was particularly higher among nurse professionals (7.8%) and surgical ward (17.1%). None of the MRSA isolates were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. However, low resistance was found for chloramphenicol and clindamycin. Being diabetic and use of hands rub was statistically significant with MRSA colonization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3353-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haftom Legese
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia. .,Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Atsebaha Gebrekidan Kahsay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Amlisha Kahsay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele Araya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Araya Gebreyesus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Xie X, Dai X, Ni L, Chen B, Luo Z, Yao Y, Wu X, Li H, Huang S. Molecular epidemiology and virulence characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in medical laboratory staff: comparison between microbiological and non-microbiological laboratories. BMC Infect Dis 2018. [PMID: 29529992 PMCID: PMC5848597 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medical laboratory staff are a high-risk population for colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) due to direct and dense contact with the pathogens; however, there is limited information about this colonization. This study sought to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of nasal colonization by S. aureus in medical laboratory staff in Guangzhou, southern China, and to compare the differences between microbiological laboratory (MLS) and non-microbiological laboratory (NMLS) staff. Methods S. aureus colonization was assessed by nasal swab cultures from 434 subjects, including 130 MLSs and 304 NMLSs from 33 hospitals in Guangzhou. All S. aureus isolates underwent the antimicrobial susceptibility test, virulence gene detection and molecular typing. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 20.1% (87/434), which was higher in MLSs than in NMLSs (26.2% vs. 17.4%, P < 0.05), while the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was similar. Living with hospital staff was associated with S. aureus carriage. The majority of the isolates harboured various virulence genes, and those in MLSs appeared less resistant to antibiotics and more virulent than their counterparts. A total of 37 different spa types were detected; among these, t338, t437, t189 and t701 were the most frequently encountered types. T338 was the main spa type contributing to nasal colonization Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (13.0%), and t437-SCCmec IV was predominant in MRSA isolates (40%). Conclusions These findings provide insight into the risk factors, molecular epidemiology and virulence gene profiles of S. aureus nasal carriage among the medical laboratory staff in Guangzhou. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3024-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xinlu Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lijia Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Baiji Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhaofan Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Yandan Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiquan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zengcheng District People Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511300, China. .,Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Songyin Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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de Benito S, Alou L, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Losa-Iglesias ME, Gómez-Lus ML, Collado L, Sevillano D. Prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. nasal colonization among doctors of podiatric medicine and associated risk factors in Spain. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:24. [PMID: 29468052 PMCID: PMC5816397 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) nasopharyngeal carriage among Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (Podiatrists) and to determine the potential risk factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016-2017 among 239 podiatrists in Spain. The presence of MSSA, MRSA, and MRSE was determined by microbiological analysis of nasal exudate and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined. Each podiatrist completed a questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised various parameters such as sex, age, podiatry experience duration, underlying diseases, prior antibiotic treatment, hospitalization during the last year, and use of a protective mask, an aspiration system, or gloves. Results The prevalence of MSSA, MRSA, and MRSE was 23.0%, 1.3%, and 23.8%, respectively. The MSSA prevalence was higher among podiatrists who did not use an aspiration system (32.3%) compared to those who did (19.3%; p = 0.0305), and among podiatrists with respiratory diseases (36.8%) compared to those without (20.8%; p = 0.0272). The MRSE prevalence was higher among men (33.7%) compared to women (8.6%; p = 0.0089), podiatrists aged ≥50 (38.5%) compared to ≤35 (17.8%; p = 0.0101), and podiatrists with ≥15 (39.3%) compared to ≤5 years of podiatry experience (12.5%; p = 0.0015). Among the S. aureus strains, 84.5% were resistant to penicillin, 22.4% to erythromycin, 20.7% to clindamycin, and 12.7% to mupirocin. The MRSE strains were resistant to penicillin (93.0%), erythromycin (78.9%), and mupirocin (73.7%). Conclusions The prevalence of S. aureus and S. epidermidis nasal carriage is low among Spanish podiatrists compared to other health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila de Benito
- 1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alou
- 2Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María Luisa Gómez-Lus
- 2Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Collado
- 4Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sevillano
- 2Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Boncompain CA, Suárez CA, Morbidoni HR. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in health care workers: First report from a major public hospital in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:125-131. [PMID: 28343857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes numerous mild to severe infections in humans, both in health facilities and in the community. Patients and health care workers (HCWs) may disseminate strains during regular medical examinations or hospitalization. The aim of this study was to determine the nasal carriage rate of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus among health care workers at Hospital Provincial del Centenario, a public general hospital in Rosario, Argentina. A transversal study was conducted on 320 health care workers. Nasal swabs were taken and presumptive S. aureus colonies were isolated. Bacterial identity and methicillin resistance status were confirmed by amplification of the nuc and mec genes. Chi square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Of 320 HCWs, 96 (30%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus, 20 of whom (6.3%) carried methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 76 (23.7%) methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Carriage was within thepublished values for physicians (30%) and higher for technicians (57%). Accompanying resistance (62/96, 64.6%) was detected, including resistance to fluoroquinolones (23/96, 24%), aminoglucosides (13/96, 13.5%) or to macrolides (33/96, 34.4%). All the strains were susceptible to vancomycin whereas only 3.1% (3/96), all of them on MSSA strains, were resistant to mupirocin. This study is the first one of its kind in Argentina and one of the few performed in South America, to highlight the relevance of nasal carriage of MRSA and MSSA in health care personnel and brings to light the need for consensus recommendations for regular S. aureus carriage screening as well as for decolonization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Andrea Boncompain
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cristian Alejandro Suárez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Héctor Ricardo Morbidoni
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo de Investigaciones, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
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Gaymard A, Pichon M, Degaud M, Tasse J, Dupieux C, Laurent F. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the environment of public transport: data from the metropolitan network in Lyon, France. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:459-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Differences in Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics among community residents and healthcare workers at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Southern China. BMC Infect Dis 2015. [PMID: 26223250 PMCID: PMC4520063 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenic potential and commensal nature of Staphylococcus aureus allows for easy transmission both within and outside of the hospital environment, and nasal carriage may be responsible for some serious infections. This study aimed to determine the molecular and epidemiological characteristics of nasal colonization by S. aureus in community residents (CR) and healthcare workers (HW) at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Methods A total of 589 volunteers, both CR (n = 297) and HW (n = 292), were recruited. Each subject completed a questionnaire, and specimens were obtained from the anterior nares for S. aureus screening. Genotypic analysis included pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and virulence gene detection. Results A total of 138 S. aureus isolates were recovered from separate subjects (23.4 %, 138/589), with four isolates showing methicillin resistance (0.7 %, 4/589). The prevalence of S. aureus carriage was 25.3 % (75/297) in CR and 21.6 % (63/292) in HW. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were isolated from one CR (0.3 %, 1/297) and three HW (1.0 %, 3/292). The most common risk factors for S. aureus carriage in CR were being male, age ≤ 30 years, and nasal cavity cleaning habits. Having a household member in the healthcare profession was associated with increased risk among HW. Sequence type (ST)188 and ST59 were the most prevalent among the 20 observed STs, accounting for 14.6 % and 12.2 % of all isolates, respectively. The four MRSA isolates presented four different STs, with one isolate carrying a type IVa SCCmec element and the other three isolates containing type III SCCmec. PFGE analysis grouped the 129 isolates into 23 pulsotypes, with profiles A, N, E, L, and O the most prevalent. The Panton-Valentine leucocidin gene (pvl) was identified in two of the 138 isolates, while 57.5 % of isolates carried both the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (sea) and enterotoxin B (seb) genes. Conclusions These data indicate a low prevalence of nasal MRSA carriage but evidence of molecular heterogeneity among S. aureus isolates from CR and HW at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou. Differences in epidemiological and molecular characteristics of S. aureus between CR and HW populations may be useful for the understanding and prevention of S. aureus infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1032-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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