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Mulim HA, Walker JW, Waldron DF, Quadros DG, Benfica LF, de Carvalho FE, Brito LF. Genetic background of juniper (Juniperus spp.) consumption predicted by fecal near-infrared spectroscopy in divergently selected goats raised in harsh rangeland environments. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:107. [PMID: 38267854 PMCID: PMC10809474 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10009-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Junipers (Juniperus spp.) are woody native, invasive plants that have caused encroachment problems in the U.S. western rangelands, decreasing forage productivity and biodiversity. A potential solution to this issue is using goats in targeted grazing programs. However, junipers, which grow in dry and harsh environmental conditions, use chemical defense mechanisms to deter herbivores. Therefore, genetically selecting goats for increased juniper consumption is of great interest for regenerative rangeland management. In this context, the primary objectives of this study were to: 1) estimate variance components and genetic parameters for predicted juniper consumption in divergently selected Angora (ANG) and composite Boer x Spanish (BS) goat populations grazing on Western U.S. rangelands; and 2) to identify genomic regions, candidate genes, and biological pathways associated with juniper consumption in these goat populations. RESULTS The average juniper consumption was 22.4% (± 18.7%) and 7.01% (± 12.1%) in the BS and ANG populations, respectively. The heritability estimates (realized heritability within parenthesis) for juniper consumption were 0.43 ± 0.02 (0.34 ± 0.06) and 0.19 ± 0.03 (0.13 ± 0.03) in BS and ANG, respectively, indicating that juniper consumption can be increased through genetic selection. The repeatability values of predicted juniper consumption were 0.45 for BS and 0.28 for ANG. A total of 571 significant SNP located within or close to 231 genes in BS, and 116 SNP related to 183 genes in ANG were identified based on the genome-wide association analyses. These genes are primarily associated with biological pathways and gene ontology terms related to olfactory receptors, intestinal absorption, and immunity response. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that juniper consumption is a heritable trait of polygenic inheritance influenced by multiple genes of small effects. The genetic parameters calculated indicate that juniper consumption can be genetically improved in both goat populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Walker
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Daniel F Waldron
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, San Angelo, TX, USA
| | - Danilo G Quadros
- University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lorena F Benfica
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe E de Carvalho
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Universtity of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang J, Katada K, Mosleh E, Yuhas A, Peng G, Golson ML. The leptin receptor has no role in delta-cell control of beta-cell function in the mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1257671. [PMID: 37850099 PMCID: PMC10577419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1257671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leptin inhibits insulin secretion from isolated islets from multiple species, but the cell type that mediates this process remains elusive. Several mouse models have been used to explore this question. Ablation of the leptin receptor (Lepr) throughout the pancreatic epithelium results in altered glucose homeostasis and ex vivo insulin secretion and Ca2+ dynamics. However, Lepr removal from neither alpha nor beta cells mimics this result. Moreover, scRNAseq data has revealed an enrichment of LEPR in human islet delta cells. Methods We confirmed LEPR upregulation in human delta cells by performing RNAseq on fixed, sorted beta and delta cells. We then used a mouse model to test whether delta cells mediate the diminished glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in response to leptin. Results Ablation of Lepr within mouse delta cells did not change glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion, whether mice were fed a chow or high-fat diet. We further show, using a publicly available scRNAseq dataset, that islet cells expressing Lepr lie within endothelial cell clusters. Conclusions In mice, leptin does not influence beta-cell function through delta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Kay Katada
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Elham Mosleh
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Yuhas
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
| | - Guihong Peng
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria L. Golson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Divison of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Pan J, Ouyang X, Jin Q, Wang W, Xie J, Yu B, Ling Z, Wu Q, Zheng B. Hypolipidemic effect of ethanol extract from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaves in hyperlipidemia rats via activation of the leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Mol Med 2022; 28:159. [PMID: 36539694 PMCID: PMC9768954 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the protective role of ethanol extract from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaf (COE) in hyperlipidemia via the leptin/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. METHODS Male Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8): normal-fat diet (NMD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD treated with simvastatin (SIM, 5 mg/kg/day), and HFD treated with COE (40, 80, 160 mg/kg/day). Lipid parameters, oxidative stress factors, serum leptin, body weight, hepatic wet weight and liver index were measured. Proteins in the leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in liver tissues were determined using western blotting. Additionally, the expression levels of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) were quantified using western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS COE decreased HFD-induced increases in body weight, hepatic wet weight and the liver index. HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress were observed in rat serum and livers. Additionally, COE repressed these two symptoms in rats fed a HFD. Moreover, COE caused CYP7A1 upregulation and HMGCR downregulation in HFD-fed rats. Mechanistically, COE induced the expression of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) and JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation in HFD-treated rats. CONCLUSION COE activates the leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway, leading to an improvement in liver function and lipid metabolism and ultimately alleviating hyperlipidemia in rats. Therefore, COE may be a potential hypolipidemic drug for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xilin Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Qi Jin
- grid.440714.20000 0004 1797 9454College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Wei Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Physiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Jiali Xie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Baoming Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Zhijie Ling
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Qizhen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
| | - Baoping Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Healthcare Vocational College, Ganzhou, 341000 Jiangxi Province China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate osteogenic differentiation and influence osteoporosis (OP). The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of miR-874-3p in OP. The expression levels of miR-874-3p and leptin (LEP) in the femoral neck trabeculae of 35 patients with or without OP were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of miR-874-3p or LEP on the cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osterix (OSX) levels were observed by upregulating miR-874-3p in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Additionally, calcium deposition levels were evaluated using alizarin red staining (ARS). Molecular mechanisms of miR-874-3p and LEP underlying the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs were also evaluated using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and RNA pull-down assays. The miR-874-3p levels were significantly lower in the femoral neck trabeculae of patients with OP than those of the control group, while the opposite was observed regarding the levels of LEP. Expression levels of miR-874-3p in hBMSCs were upregulated during osteogenic differentiation, while those of LEP were downregulated. Moreover, miR-874-3p upregulation promoted ALP, RUNX2, OCN, and OSX mRNA expression, cell proliferation, and calcium deposition in hBMSCs. LEP was found to be a target gene of miR-874-3p. Overexpression of LEP inhibited the expression of osteoblast markers and reversed the effect of osteogenic differentiation induced by the upregulation of miR-874-3p. In conclusion, miR-874-3p promoted the proliferation and differentiation of hBMSCs by downregulating the expression of LEP, thus inhibiting OP. Abbreviations : miRNAs: microRNAs; OP: osteoporosis; hBMSCs: human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal stem cells; LEP: leptin; DEGs: differentially expressed genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Mei
- Department of Orthopedic, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cardiovascular, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicines, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Mechanick JI, Zhao S, Garvey WT. Leptin, An Adipokine With Central Importance in the Global Obesity Problem. Glob Heart 2017; 13:113-127. [PMID: 29248361 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin has central importance in the global obesity and cardiovascular disease problem. Leptin is principally secreted by adipocytes and acts in the hypothalamus to suppress appetite and food intake, increase energy expenditure, and regulate body weight. Based on clinical translation of specific and networked actions, leptin affects the cardiovascular system and may be a marker and driver of cardiometabolic risk factors with interventions that are actionable by cardiologists. Leptin subnetwork analysis demonstrates a statistically significant role for ethnoculturally and socioeconomically appropriate lifestyle intervention in cardiovascular disease. Emergent mechanistic components and potential diagnostic or therapeutic targets include hexokinase 3, urocortins, clusterin, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 6, C-reactive protein, platelet glycoprotein VI, albumin, pentraxin 3, ghrelin, obestatin prepropeptide, leptin receptor, neuropeptide Y, and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1. Emergent associated symptoms include weight change, eating disorders, vascular necrosis, chronic fatigue, and chest pain. Leptin-targeted therapies are reported for lipodystrophy and leptin deficiency, but they are investigational for leptin resistance, obesity, and other chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Division of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Basepaws Inc., Redondo Beach, CA, USA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Diabetes Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Du Y, Li S, Cui CJ, Zhang Y, Yang SH, Li JJ. Leptin decreases the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor via PCSK9 pathway: linking dyslipidemia with obesity. J Transl Med 2016; 14:276. [PMID: 27663646 PMCID: PMC5035475 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have suggested that people with obesity showed elevated serum levels of leptin as well as lipid dysfunction and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) played an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism recently. The aim of this study was to determine if leptin participated in regulating the uptake of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in hepatocytes via PCSK9. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with human recombinant leptin. The impact of leptin on cellular low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and PCSK9 protein levels was determined by Western blot. Dil-LDL uptake assay was performed to examine the LDLR function. Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were used to interfere the expressions of target proteins. Results The expression of LDLR and LDL uptake could be significantly down-regulated by leptin treatment while the expressions of PCSK9 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) were enhanced in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PCSK9 or HNF1α expression by siRNAs rescued the reduction of LDLR expression and LDL uptake by leptin. We found that leptin activated the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, the changes of the expressions of HNF1α, PCSK9, LDLR, and LDL uptake induced by leptin could be blocked by p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580). Additionally, leptin attenuated the up-regulation of LDLR caused by atorvastatin in HepG2 cells. Conclusions These findings indicated firstly that leptin reduced LDLR levels in hepatocyte via PCSK9 pathway, suggesting that PCSK9 might be a alternative target for dyslipidemia in the obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1032-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chuan-Jue Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Dyslipidemia, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Mößeler A, Herrmann J, Burmester M, Breves G, Kamphues J. Changes in small intestinal morphometry and electrogenic nutrient transport in young pigs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rieg JAD, Chirasani VR, Koepsell H, Senapati S, Mahata SK, Rieg T. Regulation of intestinal SGLT1 by catestatin in hyperleptinemic type 2 diabetic mice. J Transl Med 2016; 96:98-111. [PMID: 26552046 PMCID: PMC4695279 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The small intestine is the major site for nutrient absorption that is critical in maintenance of euglycemia. Leptin, a key hormone involved in energy homeostasis, directly affects nutrient transport across the intestinal epithelium. Catestatin (CST), a 21-amino acid peptide derived from proprotein chromogranin A, has been shown to modulate leptin signaling. Therefore, we reasoned that leptin and CST could modulate intestinal Na(+)-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) expression in the context of obesity and diabetes. We found that hyperleptinemic db/db mice exhibit increased mucosal mass, associated with an enhanced proliferative response and decreased apoptosis in intestinal crypts, a finding absent in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Intestinal SGLT1 abundance was significantly decreased in hyperleptinemic but not leptin-deficient mice, indicating leptin regulation of SGLT1 expression. Phlorizin, a SGLT1/2 inhibitor, was without effect in an oral glucose tolerance test in db/db mice. The alterations in architecture and SGLT1 abundance were not accompanied by changes in the localization of intestinal alkaline phosphatase, indicating intact differentiation. Treatment of db/db mice with CST restored intestinal SGLT1 abundance and intestinal turnover, suggesting a cross-talk between leptin and CST, without affecting plasma leptin levels. Consistent with this hypothesis, we identified structural homology between CST and the AB-loop of leptin and protein-protein docking revealed binding of CST and leptin with the Ig-like binding site-III of the leptin receptor. In summary, downregulation of SGLT1 in an obese type 2 diabetic mouse model with hyperleptinemia is presumably mediated via the short form of the leptin receptor and reduces overt hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Dominguez Rieg
- Department of Basic Sciences, Bastyr University California, San Diego, CA, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; CA, USA
| | | | - Hermann Koepsell
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; CA, USA,Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Timo Rieg
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; CA, USA,Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Zhang YB, Guo ZD, Li MY, Fong P, Zhang JG, Zhang CW, Gong KR, Yang MF, Niu JZ, Ji XM, Lv GW. Gabapentin Effects on PKC-ERK1/2 Signaling in the Spinal Cord of Rats with Formalin-Induced Visceral Inflammatory Pain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141142. [PMID: 26512901 PMCID: PMC4626203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the clinical management of visceral pain remains unsatisfactory for many patients suffering from this disease. While preliminary animal studies have suggested the effectiveness of gabapentin in successfully treating visceral pain, the mechanism underlying its analgesic effect remains unclear. Evidence from other studies has demonstrated the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) in the pathogenesis of visceral inflammatory pain. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that gabapentin produces analgesia for visceral inflammatory pain through its inhibitory effect on the PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Intracolonic injections of formalin were performed in rats to produce colitis pain. Our results showed that visceral pain behaviors in these rats decreased after intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin. These behaviors were also reduced by intrathecal injections of the PKC inhibitor, H-7, and the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059. Neuronal firing of wide dynamic range neurons in L6–S1 of the rat spinal cord dorsal horn were significantly increased after intracolonic injection of formalin. This increased firing rate was inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin and both the individual and combined intrathecal application of H-7 and PD98059. Western blot analysis also revealed that PKC membrane translocation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased significantly following formalin injection, confirming the recruitment of PKC and ERK1/2 during visceral inflammatory pain. These effects were also significantly reduced by intraperitoneal injection of gabapentin. Therefore, we concluded that the analgesic effect of gabapentin on visceral inflammatory pain is mediated through suppression of PKC and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, we found that the PKC inhibitor, H-7, significantly diminished ERK1/2 phosphorylation levels, implicating the involvement of PKC and ERK1/2 in the same signaling pathway. Thus, our results suggest a novel mechanism of gabapentin-mediated analgesia for visceral inflammatory pain through a PKC-ERK1/2 signaling pathway that may be a future therapeutic target for the treatment of visceral inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zheng-dong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Mei-yi Li
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Taishan Chronic Disease Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Peter Fong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ji-guo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Can-wen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Ke-rui Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ming-feng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Jing-zhong Niu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xun-ming Ji
- Hypoxia Medical Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-wei Lv
- Hypoxia Medical Institute, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Fang H, Chen QP. Leptin and maintenance of gastrointestinal function. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:2920-2927. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i18.2920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a protein hormone encoded by the obese (Ob) gene, exerting an important biological role in the life. Initially, leptin is believed to play a major role in regulating appetite control and energy metabolism, including adjusting the energy metabolism. However, recent data suggest that leptin also plays an important part in regulating the function of the gastrointestinal tract, immune and inflammation response, injury repair, and tumor angiogenesis. This article reviews the protective effects of leptin on the function of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Kim JW, Kim BG, Kim SH, Kim W, Lee KL, Byeon SJ, Choi E, Chang MS. Histomorphological and Immunophenotypic Features of Pill-Induced Esophagitis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128110. [PMID: 26047496 PMCID: PMC4457729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate histomorphological and immunophenotypic features in pill-induced esophagitis. We comparatively evaluated the histomorphological, immunophenotypic features of pill-induced esophagitis vs. reflux esophagitis, as well as clinical information and endoscopic findings. Fifty-two tissue pieces from 22 cases of pill-induced esophagitis, 46 pieces from 20 reflux esophagitis, and 16 pieces from 14 control samples were subjected to immunohistochemistry for inflammatory infiltrates (CD3 for T lymphocyte, CD20 for B lymphocyte, CD56 for NK cell, CD68 for macrophage, CD117 for mast cell) and eosinophil chemotaxis-associated proteins (Erk, leptin, leptin receptor, pSTAT3, phospho-mTOR). As a result, Histomorphology showed that a diffuse pattern of dilated intercellular spaces was more frequently observed in pill-induced esophagitis, while reactive atypia and subepithelial papillary elongation were more often found in reflux esophagitis (P < 0.05, respectively). Interestingly, intraepithelial eosinophilic microabscess, intraepithelial pustule and diffuse pattern of dilated intercellular spaces were observed in 14% (3 cases), 9% (2 cases) and 32% (7 cases) of pill-induced esophagitis, respectively, but in no cases of reflux esophagitis. Regarding intraepithelial inflammatory infiltrates in pill-induced esophagitis, T lymphocytes were the most common cells, followed by eosinophil; 11 and 7 in one x400 power field, respectively. Intraepithelial pSTAT3-positive pattern was more frequently observed in pill-induced esophagitis than in reflux esophagitis, at 45% (10 cases) versus 10% (2 cases), respectively (P < 0.05). Considering the distal esophageal lesion only, intraepithelial pustule, diffuse dilated intercellular spaces and stromal macrophages were more frequently found in distal pill-induced esophagitis, whereas reactive atypia and intraepithelial mast cells in reflux esophagitis (P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, diffuse dilated intercellular spaces, intraepithelial eosinophil microabscess, pustule, T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and pSTAT3 positivity can be added to histopathological features of pill-induced esophagitis, other than non-specific ulcer. Besides, distal pill-induced esophagitis may be histopathologically differentiated from reflux esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euno Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Fernández-Formoso G, Pérez-Sieira S, González-Touceda D, Dieguez C, Tovar S. Leptin, 20 years of searching for glucose homeostasis. Life Sci 2015; 140:4-9. [PMID: 25744051 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Leptin was discovered in 1994 (20 years ago). In addition to having well-characterized effects on the regulation of energy homeostasis, leptin clearly also plays a major role in metabolic homeostasis. In fact, leptin plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis independent of food intake and body weight. The mechanism underlying the modulation of glucose metabolism by leptin is not completely understood, although evidence indicates that the effect occurs at both the central and peripheral levels. In this review, we will focus on the role of leptin in glucose homeostasis at the central level and its role in insulin secretion and in counteracting hormones, such as glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol and catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernández-Formoso
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Sieira
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - David González-Touceda
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Sulay Tovar
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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El-Zein O, Usta J, El Moussawi L, Kreydiyyeh SI. Leptin inhibits the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase in Caco-2 cells via PKC and p38MAPK. Cell Signal 2014; 27:416-23. [PMID: 25499980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated previously an inhibitory effect of luminal leptin on glucose absorption in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Since this process is dependent on the Na(+) gradient established by the Na(+)/K(+)ATPase this work was undertaken to investigate if the ATPase is one of the hormone's targets. Fully differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated with 10nM luminal leptin and the activity of the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase was assayed by measuring the amount of inorganic phosphate liberated. To elucidate the signaling pathway involved, the suspected mediators, namely PKC, p38MAPK, ERK and PI3K, were inhibited with specific pharmacological inhibitors and their implication was confirmed by determining changes in the protein expression of their active phosphorylated forms by Western blot analysis. Leptin reduced significantly the activity of the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, by activating p38MAPK via inhibition of PKC, an upstream inhibitor of the kinase. ERK and PI3K are modulators of the pump and are not along the pathway activated by leptin but cross talk with it at the level of p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola El-Zein
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Julnar Usta
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Layla El Moussawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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