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Kim CK, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet? Aging Dis 2022; 13:175-214. [PMID: 35111369 PMCID: PMC8782556 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the global exponential increase in population ageing, there is an urgent unmet need to develop reliable strategies to slow down and delay the ageing process. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our contemporary society and represent a major socio-economic burden. There are several controversial factors that are thought to play a causal role in brain ageing which are continuously being examined in experimental models. Among them are oxidative stress and brain inflammation which are empirical to brain ageing. Although some candidate drugs have been developed which reduce the ageing phenotype, their clinical translation is limited. There are several strategies currently in development to improve brain ageing. These include strategies such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, promotion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, removal of senescent cells, 'young blood' transfusions, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, stem cell therapy, vascular risk reduction, and non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies. Several studies have shown that these strategies can not only improve brain ageing by attenuating age-related neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but also maintain cognitive function in a variety of pre-clinical experimental murine models. However, clinical evidence is limited and many of these strategies are awaiting findings from large-scale clinical trials which are nascent in the current literature. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and lack of adverse effects in various tissues and organs to gain a greater understanding of their potential beneficial effects on brain ageing and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Giacomello E, Toniolo L. The Potential of Calorie Restriction and Calorie Restriction Mimetics in Delaying Aging: Focus on Experimental Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:2346. [PMID: 34371855 PMCID: PMC8308705 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process determined by multiple cellular mechanisms, such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication, that ultimately concur in the functional decline of the individual. The evidence that the old population is steadily increasing and will triplicate in the next 50 years, together with the fact the elderlies are more prone to develop pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, and degenerative disorders, stimulates an important effort in finding specific countermeasures. Calorie restriction (CR) has been demonstrated to modulate nutrient sensing mechanisms, inducing a better metabolic profile, enhanced stress resistance, reduced oxidative stress, and improved inflammatory response. Therefore, CR and CR-mimetics have been suggested as powerful means to slow aging and extend healthy life-span in experimental models and humans. Taking into consideration the difficulties and ethical issues in performing aging research and testing anti-aging interventions in humans, researchers initially need to work with experimental models. The present review reports the major experimental models utilized in the study of CR and CR-mimetics, highlighting their application in the laboratory routine, and their translation to human research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to evaluate the effect of caloric restriction (CR) in cognition by comparing performance in neuropsychological tests for working memory between a group of non-obese healthy subjects doing CR for 2 years with another consuming ad libitum diet (AL). METHODS This study was part of a larger multicenter trial called CALERIE that consisted of a randomized clinical trial with parallel-group comparing 2 years of 25% CR and AL in 220 volunteers with a BMI between 22 and 28 kg/m2, across 3 sites. The cognitive tests used were the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB) for Spatial Working Memory (SWM) including the total number of errors (SWMTE) and strategy (SWMS). Included as possible moderators were sleep quality, mood states, perceived stress, and energy expenditure. Analyses were performed at baseline and months 12 and 24. RESULTS After adjustments, there was a significantly greater improvement in working memory assessed by the SWM for CR individuals, compared to AL. At month 24, it was related mostly to lower protein intake, compared to other macronutrients. Changes in SWM were moderated by changes in sleep quality, physical activity, and energy expenditure. CONCLUSION On the long term, CR in healthy individuals seems to have a slightly positive effect on working memory. The study of brain CR targets opens new possibilities to prevent and treat cognitive deficits.
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Khrameeva E, Kurochkin I, Bozek K, Giavalisco P, Khaitovich P. Lipidome Evolution in Mammalian Tissues. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 35:1947-1957. [PMID: 29762743 PMCID: PMC6063302 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are essential structural and functional components of cells. Little is known, however, about the evolution of lipid composition in different tissues. Here, we report a large-scale analysis of the lipidome evolution in six tissues of 32 species representing primates, rodents, and bats. While changes in genes’ sequence and expression accumulate proportionally to the phylogenetic distances, <2% of the lipidome evolves this way. Yet, lipids constituting this 2% cluster in specific functions shared among all tissues. Among species, human show the largest amount of species-specific lipidome differences. Many of the uniquely human lipidome features localize in the brain cortex and cluster in specific pathways implicated in cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,A.A.Kharkevich, Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia Kurochkin
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katarzyna Bozek
- Biological Physics Theory Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate University, Onna-Son, Kunigami-Gun, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.,Current affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China
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Felthaus O, Schön T, Schiltz D, Aung T, Kühlmann B, Jung F, Anker A, Klein S, Prantl L. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells from affected and unaffected areas in patients with multiple symmetric lipomatosis show differential regulation of mTOR pathway genes. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2018; 69:141-151. [PMID: 29758934 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is a rare disease characterized by the excessive growth of uncapsulated masses of adipose tissue. Although the etiology has yet to be elucidated, a connection to brown adipose tissue has been proposed recently. The mTOR pathway which is found to be regulated in lipomatous tissue as well as associated with brown adipose tissue can be inhibited by a compound called rapamycin. METHODS We isolated adipose tissue derived stem cells from both affected and unaffected tissue and treated these cells with different concentrations of rapamycin. RESULTS The differences in both proliferation and differentiation between adipose tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) from lipomatous and normal tissue decreased after mTOR pathway inhibition. In some patients regulation of mTOR genes was opposed in the ASCs from the two different tissues. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with rapamycin might be a novel therapeutical approach for patients suffering from multiple symmetric lipomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Schön
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schiltz
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Britta Kühlmann
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstrasse, Teltow, Germany
| | - Alexandra Anker
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvan Klein
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Mathew R, Pal Bhadra M, Bhadra U. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling (IIS) based regulation of lifespan across species. Biogerontology 2017; 18:35-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Derous D, Mitchell SE, Green CL, Chen L, Han JJ, Wang Y, Promislow DE, Lusseau D, Speakman JR, Douglas A. The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: VI. Impact of short-term graded calorie restriction on transcriptomic responses of the hypothalamic hunger and circadian signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:642-63. [PMID: 26945906 PMCID: PMC4925820 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Food intake and circadian rhythms are regulated by hypothalamic neuropeptides and circulating hormones, which could mediate the anti-ageing effect of calorie restriction (CR). We tested whether these two signaling pathways mediate CR by quantifying hypothalamic transcripts of male C57BL/6 mice exposed to graded levels of CR (10 % to 40 %) for 3 months. We found that the graded CR manipulation resulted in upregulation of core circadian rhythm genes, which correlated negatively with circulating levels of leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, key components in the hunger signaling pathway were expressed in a manner reflecting elevated hunger at greater levels of restriction, and which also correlated negatively with circulating levels of insulin, TNF-α, leptin and IGF-1. Lastly, phenotypes, such as food anticipatory activity and body temperature, were associated with expression levels of both hunger genes and core clock genes. Our results suggest modulation of the hunger and circadian signaling pathways in response to altered levels of circulating hormones, that are themselves downstream of morphological changes resulting from CR treatment, may be important elements in the response to CR, driving some of the key phenotypic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3RL, UK
| | - Sharon E. Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Cara L. Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jing‐Dong J. Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences‐Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Daniel E.L. Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington at Seattle, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - John R. Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
- State Key laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 2TZ, UK
- Centre for Genome Enabled Biology and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3RL, UK
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Didier ES, MacLean AG, Mohan M, Didier PJ, Lackner AA, Kuroda MJ. Contributions of Nonhuman Primates to Research on Aging. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:277-90. [PMID: 26869153 PMCID: PMC5027759 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815622974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the biological process of declining physiologic function associated with increasing mortality rate during advancing age. Humans and higher nonhuman primates exhibit unusually longer average life spans as compared with mammals of similar body mass. Furthermore, the population of humans worldwide is growing older as a result of improvements in public health, social services, and health care systems. Comparative studies among a wide range of organisms that include nonhuman primates contribute greatly to our understanding about the basic mechanisms of aging. Based on their genetic and physiologic relatedness to humans, nonhuman primates are especially important for better understanding processes of aging unique to primates, as well as for testing intervention strategies to improve healthy aging and to treat diseases and disabilities in older people. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are the predominant monkeys used in studies on aging, but research with lower nonhuman primate species is increasing. One of the priority topics of research about aging in nonhuman primates involves neurologic changes associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Additional areas of research include osteoporosis, reproductive decline, caloric restriction, and their mimetics, as well as immune senescence and chronic inflammation that affect vaccine efficacy and resistance to infections and cancer. The purpose of this review is to highlight the findings from nonhuman primate research that contribute to our understanding about aging and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A G MacLean
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M Mohan
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - P J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A A Lackner
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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Adomaityte J, Mullin GE, Dobs AS. Anti-aging diet and supplements: fact or fiction? Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29:844-6. [PMID: 25257683 DOI: 10.1177/0884533614546889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian S Dobs
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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