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Collins JM, Hyland NP, Clarke G, Fitzgerald P, Julio-Pieper M, Bulmer DC, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, O'Mahony SM. Beta 3-adrenoceptor agonism ameliorates early-life stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in male rats. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 36906887 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity, a hallmark of disorders of the gut-brain axis, is associated with exposure to early-life stress (ELS). Activation of neuronal β3-adrenoceptors (AR) has been shown to alter central and peripheral levels of tryptophan and reduce visceral hypersensitivity. In this study, we aimed to determine the potential of a β3-AR agonist in reducing ELS-induced visceral hypersensitivity and possible underlying mechanisms. Here, ELS was induced using the maternal separation (MS) model, where Sprague Dawley rat pups were separated from their mother in early life (postnatal day 2-12). Visceral hypersensitivity was confirmed in adult offspring using colorectal distension (CRD). CL-316243, a β3-AR agonist, was administered to determine anti-nociceptive effects against CRD. Distension-induced enteric neuronal activation as well as colonic secretomotor function were assessed. Tryptophan metabolism was determined both centrally and peripherally. For the first time, we showed that CL-316243 significantly ameliorated MS-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Furthermore, MS altered plasma tryptophan metabolism and colonic adrenergic tone, while CL-316243 reduced both central and peripheral levels of tryptophan and affected secretomotor activity in the presence of tetrodotoxin. This study supports the beneficial role of CL-316243 in reducing ELS-induced visceral hypersensitivity, and suggests that targeting the β3-AR can significantly influence gut-brain axis activity through modulation of enteric neuronal activation, tryptophan metabolism, and colonic secretomotor activity which may synergistically contribute to offsetting the effects of ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Collins
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Siobhain M O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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2
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Nishimura H, Yoshimura M, Shimizu M, Sanada K, Sonoda S, Nishimura K, Baba K, Ikeda N, Motojima Y, Maruyama T, Nonaka Y, Baba R, Onaka T, Horishita T, Morimoto H, Yoshida Y, Kawasaki M, Sakai A, Muratani M, Conway-Campbell B, Lightman S, Ueta Y. Endogenous oxytocin exerts anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in rats. Commun Biol 2022; 5:907. [PMID: 36064593 PMCID: PMC9445084 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is involved in pain transmission, although the detailed mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we generate a transgenic rat line that expresses human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (hM3Dq) and mCherry in oxytocin neurons. We report that clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) treatment of our oxytocin-hM3Dq-mCherry rats exclusively activates oxytocin neurons within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, leading to activation of neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), and differential gene expression in GABA-ergic neurons in the L5 spinal dorsal horn. Hyperalgesia, which is robustly exacerbated in experimental pain models, is significantly attenuated after CNO injection. The analgesic effects of CNO are ablated by co-treatment with oxytocin receptor antagonist. Endogenous oxytocin also exerts anti-inflammatory effects via activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Moreover, inhibition of mast cell degranulation is found to be involved in the response. Taken together, our results suggest that oxytocin may exert anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects via both neuronal and humoral pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nishimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. .,Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kenya Sanada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Satomi Sonoda
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nishimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Baba
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Naofumi Ikeda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Motojima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuki Nonaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryoko Baba
- Department of Anatomy (II), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Takafumi Horishita
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morimoto
- Department of Anatomy (II), School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Becky Conway-Campbell
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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3
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Gao J, Xiong T, Grabauskas G, Owyang C. Mucosal Serotonin Reuptake Transporter Expression in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Is Modulated by Gut Microbiota Via Mast Cell-Prostaglandin E2. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1962-1974.e6. [PMID: 35167867 PMCID: PMC9117493 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increased colonic serotonin (5-HT) level and decreased serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) expression in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may contribute to diarrhea and visceral hypersensitivity. We investigated whether mucosal SERT is modulated by gut microbiota via a mast cell-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice received intracolonic infusion of fecal supernatant (FS) from healthy controls or patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). The role of mast cells was studied in mast cell-deficient mice. Colonic organoids and/or mast cells were used for in vitro experiments. SERT expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension and colonic transit were assessed. RESULTS Intracolonic infusion of IBS-D FS in mice caused an increase in mucosal 5-HT compared with healthy control FS, accompanied by ∼50% reduction in SERT expression. Mast cell stabilizers, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and PGE2 receptor antagonist prevented SERT downregulation. Intracolonic infusion of IBS-D FS failed to reduce SERT expression in mast cell-deficient (W/Wv) mice. This response was restored by mast cell reconstitution. The downregulation of SERT expression evoked by IBS FS was prevented by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antagonist LPS from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and a bacterial trypsin inhibitor. In vitro LPS treatment caused increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE2 release from cultured mouse mast cells. Intracolonic infusion of IBS-D FS in mice reduced colonic transit, increased fecal water content, and increased visceromotor responses to colorectal distension. Ondansetron prevented these changes. CONCLUSIONS Fecal LPS acting in concert with trypsin in patients with IBS-D stimulates mucosal mast cells to release PGE2, which downregulates mucosal SERT, resulting in increased mucosal 5-HT. This may contribute to diarrhea and abdominal pain common in IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chung Owyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Kim S, Keum B, Byun J, Kim B, Lee K, Yeon J, Lee J, Choi H, Kim E, Jeen Y, Lee H, Chun H, Kim T. Colonic Mucosal Immune Activation in Mice with Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Disease: Association between Allergic Airway Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010181. [PMID: 35008607 PMCID: PMC8745416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have focused on the role of mast cells (MCs) in intestinal mucosal immunity. A link between allergic airway diseases (AADs) and IBS has been suggested because both diseases have similar pathophysiology. We aimed to investigate whether the induction of AAD in mice could lead to inflammation of the colonic mucosa, similar to IBS. We also evaluated whether this inflammatory response could be suppressed by administering a therapeutic agent. Mice were divided into three groups: control, AAD-induced, and salbutamol-treated. An AAD mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection and nasal challenge with ovalbumin. Mice with AAD were intranasally administered salbutamol. Analyses of cytokine levels, MC count, and tryptase levels in the intestinal mucosa were performed to compare the changes in inflammatory responses among the three groups. Inflammation was observed in the intestinal mucosa of mice in the AAD group. This inflammation in AAD mice was suppressed after salbutamol treatment. Our study demonstrates that AAD induces an inflammatory response similar to that in IBS, suggesting a possible association between IBS and AADs. In patients with IBS with such allergic components, salbutamol may have the potential to alleviate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Bora Keum
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Junhyoung Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.B.); (B.K.); (K.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.B.); (B.K.); (K.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Kijeong Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.B.); (B.K.); (K.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiwoo Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.B.); (B.K.); (K.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Hyuksoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Eunsun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Yoontae Jeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongsik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
| | - Hoonjai Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.); (H.C.); (E.K.); (Y.J.); (H.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.B.); (B.K.); (K.L.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (T.K.)
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5
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Liu G, Sun N, Che H, He T. Apigenin Inhibits the Histamine-Induced Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Downregulating ERα/ERβ Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:682917. [PMID: 34568014 PMCID: PMC8456091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.682917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apigenin (APG), a natural flavonoid, can affect the development of a variety of tumors, but its role in ovarian cancer remains unclear. There has been an increasing amount of evidence supporting the vital role played by mast cells and the bioactive mediators they release, as components of the tumor microenvironment, in the progression of ovarian cancer (OC); however, the mechanism warrants further exploration. Methods and Results In this study, a combination of transcriptomics analysis and application of TCGA database was performed, and we found that the expression of genes related to mast cell degranulation in ovarian cancer tissues changed remarkably. We then explored whether histamine, a major constituent of mast cell degranulation, could affect the development of ovarian cancer through immunohistochemistry analysis and cell proliferation assays. The results showed that a certain concentration of histamine promoted the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by upregulating the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα)/estrogen receptor β (ERβ). Additionally, we found that the inhibition of ERα or the activation of ERβ could inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells induced by histamine through real-time PCR and western blot assays. Finally, we demonstrated the attenuation effect imparted by apigenin in histamine-mediated ovarian cancer via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Our research revealed that apigenin decelerated ovarian cancer development by downregulating ER-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR expression, thus providing evidence of its applicability as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Huilian Che
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao He
- Zhongguancun International Medical Inspection and Certification Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
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6
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Inyang KE, Folger JK, Laumet G. Can FDA-Approved Immunomodulatory Drugs be Repurposed/Repositioned to Alleviate Chronic Pain? J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:531-547. [PMID: 34041656 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pain is among the most widespread chronic health condition confronting society today and our inability to manage chronic pain contributes to the opioid abuse epidemic in America. The immune system is known to contribute to acute and chronic pain, but only limited therapeutic treatments such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs have resulted from this knowledge. The last decade has shed light on neuro-immune interactions mediating the development, maintenance, and resolution of chronic pain. Here, we do not aim to perform a comprehensive review of all immune mechanisms involved in chronic pain, but to briefly review the contribution of the main cytokines and immune cells (macrophages, microglia, mast cells and T cells) to chronic pain. Given the urgent need to address the Pain crisis, we provocatively propose to repurpose/reposition FDA-approved immunomodulatory drugs for their potential to alleviate chronic pain. Repositioning or repurposing offers an attractive way to accelerate the arrival of new analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph K Folger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Ji Y, Hu B, Klontz C, Li J, Dessem D, Dorsey SG, Traub RJ. Peripheral mechanisms contribute to comorbid visceral hypersensitivity induced by preexisting orofacial pain and stress in female rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13833. [PMID: 32155308 PMCID: PMC7319894 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress exacerbates many chronic pain syndromes including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Among these patient populations, many suffer from comorbid or chronic overlapping pain conditions and are predominantly female. Nevertheless, basic studies investigating chronic psychological stress-induced changes in pain sensitivity have been mostly carried out in male rodents. Our laboratory developed a model of comorbid pain hypersensitivity (CPH) (stress in the presence of preexisting orofacial pain inducing chronic visceral pain hypersensitivity that significantly outlasts transient stress-induced pain hypersensitivity (SIH)) facilitating the study of pain associated with IBS. Since CPH and SIH are phenotypically similar until SIH resolves and CPH persists, it is unclear if underlying mechanisms are similar. METHODS In the present study, the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention was recorded in the SIH and CPH models in intact females and ovariectomized rats plus estradiol replacement (OVx + E2). Over several months, rats were determined to be susceptible or resilient to stress and the role of peripheral corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) underlying in the pain hypersensitivity was examined. KEY RESULTS Stress alone induced transient (3-4 weeks) visceral hypersensitivity, though some rats were resilient. Comorbid conditions increased susceptibility to stress prolonging hypersensitivity beyond 13 weeks. Both models had robust peripheral components; hypersensitivity was attenuated by the CRF receptor antagonist astressin and the mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). However, DSCG was less effective in the CPH model compared to the SIH model. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The data indicate many similarities but some differences in mechanisms contributing to comorbid pain conditions compared to transient stress-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ji
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,Present address:
Key laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchXi’an Jiao Tong University College of StomatologyXi’anShaanxiChina
| | - Charles Klontz
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jiyun Li
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Dean Dessem
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain ResearchUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Susan G. Dorsey
- UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain ResearchUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,Department of Pain and Translational Symptom ScienceSchool of NursingUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Richard J. Traub
- Department of Neural and Pain SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA,UM Center to Advance Chronic Pain ResearchUniversity of Maryland BaltimoreBaltimoreMDUSA
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8
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Grabauskas G, Wu X, Gao J, Li JY, Turgeon DK, Owyang C. Prostaglandin E 2, Produced by Mast Cells in Colon Tissues From Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Contributes to Visceral Hypersensitivity in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:2195-2207.e6. [PMID: 32084424 PMCID: PMC7282934 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Visceral hypersensitivity is common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We investigated whether inflammatory molecules, such as histamine and proteases, activate prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (also called COX2) to increase the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by mast cells, which activates the receptor PTGER2 (also called EP2) in the dorsal root ganglia to promote visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure levels of spontaneous release of molecules from mast cells in colonic mucosa from patients with IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D; 18 women and 5 men; aged 28-60 years), healthy individuals (controls, n = 24), mice, and rats. We measured visceromotor responses to colorectal distension in rodents after intracolonic administration of colon biopsy supernatants, histamine, PGE2, a small interfering RNA against EP2, or an agonist of F2R like trypsin receptor 1 (F2RL1, also called protease-activated receptor 2 [PAR2]). We investigated the role of COX2, produced by mast cells, in mediation of visceral hypersensitivity using mice with the Y385F substitution in Ptgs2 (Ptgs2Y385F mice), mast cell-deficient (W/WV) mice, and W/WV mice given injections of mast cells derived from wild-type or Ptgs2Y385F mice. RESULTS Colon biopsies from patients with IBS-D had increased levels of PGE2, based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and COX2 messenger RNA and protein, compared with control biopsies. Immunohistochemistry showed that most of the COX2 was in mast cells. Intracolonic infusions of rats with IBS-D biopsy supernatants generated a 3- to 4-fold increase in visceromotor responses to colorectal distension; this was associated with significant increases in PGE2, histamine, and tryptase in the colonic mucosa. These increases were prevented by a mast cell stabilizer, COX2 inhibitor, or knockdown of EP2. Intracolonic administration of supernatants from biopsies of patients with IBS-D failed to induce visceral hypersensitivity or increase the level of PGE2 in W/WV and Ptgs2Y385Fmice. Reconstitution of mast cells in W/WV mice restored the visceral hypersensitivity response. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal synthesis of PGE2 by colonic mast cells appears to induce visceral hypersensitivity in patients with IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintautas Grabauskas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaoyin Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jun Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ji-Yao Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Danielle Kim Turgeon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Chung Owyang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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9
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The Evolving Role of Mucosal Histology in the Evaluation of Pediatric Functional Dyspepsia: A Review. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although not required to establish the diagnosis, endoscopy with mucosal biopsy is commonly performed in the evaluation of children with dyspepsia. Traditionally, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been performed in children with abdominal pain to identify pathology or conversely, to “rule-out” organic disease in order to establish a diagnosis of FD. In this review, we discuss the current diagnostic yield of endoscopically-obtained biopsies in identifying disease in children and adolescents with dyspepsia including an expanded discussion of common histologic diagnoses where clinical significance has not been definitively established. In turn, we discuss the transition of endoscopy from a search for disease to a search for biologic contributors to symptom generation, while considering the growing evidence linking non-diagnostic mucosal inflammation to FD, specifically mast cells and eosinophils.
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10
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Esquerre N, Basso L, Dubuquoy C, Djouina M, Chappard D, Blanpied C, Desreumaux P, Vergnolle N, Vignal C, Body-Malapel M. Aluminum Ingestion Promotes Colorectal Hypersensitivity in Rodents. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:185-196. [PMID: 30534582 PMCID: PMC6280602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background & Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial disease arising from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental influences. To date, environmental triggers are not well known. Aluminum is commonly present in food, notably by its use as food additive. We investigated the effects of aluminum ingestion in rodent models of visceral hypersensitivity, and the mechanisms involved. Methods Visceral hypersensitivity was recorded by colorectal distension in rats administered with oral low doses of aluminum. Inflammation was analyzed in the colon of aluminum-treated rats by quantitative PCR for cytokine expression and by immunohistochemistry for immune cells quantification. Involvement of mast cells in the aluminum-induced hypersensitivity was determined by cromoglycate administration of rats and in mast cell-deficient mice (KitW-sh/W-sh). Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) activation in response to aluminum was evaluated and its implication in aluminum-induced hypersensitivity was assessed in PAR2 knockout mice. Results Orally administered low-dose aluminum induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats and mice. Visceral pain induced by aluminum persisted over time even after cessation of treatment, reappeared and was amplified when treatment resumed. As observed in humans, female animals were more sensitive than males. Major mediators of nociception were up-regulated in the colon by aluminum. Activation of mast cells and PAR2 were required for aluminum-induced hypersensitivity. Conclusions These findings indicate that oral exposure to aluminum at human dietary level reproduces clinical and molecular features of IBS, highlighting a new pathway of prevention and treatment of visceral pain in some susceptible patients.
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Key Words
- AlCi, aluminum citrate
- CRD, colorectal distension
- IBS, irritable bowel syndrome
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- KO, knockout
- MGG, May-Grünwald Giemsa
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- Mast Cells
- PAR, proteinase-activated receptor
- PAR2
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Risk Factors
- Visceral Hypersensitivity
- WT, wild-type
- ZnCi, zinc citrate
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Esquerre
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Madjid Djouina
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- GEROM, Groupe d'Etudes sur le Remodelage Osseux et les bioMatériaux, IRIS-IBS, CHU Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- INSERM U1043, CNRS U5282, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France.
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Université Lille, INSERM, CHR Lille, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, U995, Lille, France
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11
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Immunoregulatory effect of mast cells influenced by microbes in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:68-89. [PMID: 28676349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When related to central nervous system (CNS) health and disease, brain mast cells (MCs) can be a source of either beneficial or deleterious signals acting on neural cells. We review the current state of knowledge about molecular interactions between MCs and glia in neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy. We also discuss the influence on MC actions evoked by the host microbiota, which has a profound effect on the host immune system, inducing important consequences in neurodegenerative disorders. Gut dysbiosis, reduced intestinal motility and increased intestinal permeability, that allow bacterial products to circulate and pass through the blood-brain barrier, are associated with neurodegenerative disease. There are differences between the microbiota of neurologic patients and healthy controls. Distinguishing between cause and effect is a challenging task, and the molecular mechanisms whereby remote gut microbiota can alter the brain have not been fully elucidated. Nevertheless, modulation of the microbiota and MC activation have been shown to promote neuroprotection. We review this new information contributing to a greater understanding of MC-microbiota-neural cells interactions modulating the brain, behavior and neurodegenerative processes.
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12
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Fabisiak A, Włodarczyk J, Fabisiak N, Storr M, Fichna J. Targeting Histamine Receptors in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Critical Appraisal. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 23:341-348. [PMID: 28551943 PMCID: PMC5503283 DOI: 10.5056/jnm16203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a group of functional gastrointestinal disorders with not yet fully clarified etiology. Recent evidence suggesting that mast cells may play a central role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome paves the way for agents targeting histamine receptors as a potential therapeutic option in clinical treatment. In this review, the role of histamine and histamine receptors is debated. Moreover, the clinical evidence of anti-histamine therapeutics in irritable bowel syndrome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
| | - Natalia Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
| | - Martin Storr
- Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg,
Germany
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich,
Germany
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz,
Poland
- Correspondence: Jakub Fichna, PhD, DSc, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland, Tel: +48-42-272-5707, Fax: +48-42-272-5694, E-mail:
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13
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The Effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang on Intestinal Mucosal Mast Cells in Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:9086034. [PMID: 28331524 PMCID: PMC5346372 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9086034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the effects of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) on intestinal mucosal mast cells in rats with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Design. PI-IBS rat models were established using a multistimulation paradigm. Then, rats were treated with TXYF intragastrically at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 g·kg−1·d−1 for 14 days, respectively. Intestinal sensitivity was assessed based on abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores and fecal water content (FWC). Mast cell counts and the immunofluorescence of tryptase and c-Fos in intestinal mucosa were measured; and serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and histamine levels were determined. Results. AWR reactivity and FWC which were significantly increased could be observed in PI-IBS rats. Remarkably increased mast cell activation ratio in intestinal mucosa, together with increased serum TNF-α and histamine levels, could also be seen in PI-IBS rats; furthermore, PI-IBS-induced changes in mast cell activation and level of serum TNF-α and histamine could be reversed by TXYF treatment. Meanwhile, tryptase and c-Fos expression were also downregulated. Conclusion. TXYF improves PI-IBS symptoms by alleviating behavioral hyperalgesia and antidiarrhea, the underlying mechanism of which involves the inhibitory effects of TXYF on activating mucosal mast cells, downregulating tryptase and c-Fos expression, and reducing serum TNF-α and histamine levels.
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14
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Lobo B, Ramos L, Martínez C, Guilarte M, González-Castro AM, Alonso-Cotoner C, Pigrau M, de Torres I, Rodiño-Janeiro BK, Salvo-Romero E, Fortea M, Pardo-Camacho C, Guagnozzi D, Azpiroz F, Santos J, Vicario M. Downregulation of mucosal mast cell activation and immune response in diarrhoea-irritable bowel syndrome by oral disodium cromoglycate: A pilot study. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:887-897. [PMID: 29026603 DOI: 10.1177/2050640617691690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND GOAL Diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) exhibits intestinal innate immune and mucosal mast cell (MC) activation. MC stabilisers have been shown to improve IBS symptoms but the mechanism is unclear. Our primary aim was to investigate the effect of oral disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on jejunal MC activation and specific innate immune signalling pathways in IBS-D, and secondarily, its potential clinical benefit. STUDY Mucosal MC activation (by ultrastructural changes, tryptase release and gene expression) and innate immune signalling (by protein and gene expression) were quantified in jejunal biopsies from healthy (HS; n = 16) and IBS-D subjects after six months of either treatment with DSCG (600 mg/day, IBS-D-DSCG group; n = 18) or without treatment (IBS-D-NT group; n = 25). All IBS-D patients recorded abdominal pain and bowel habits at baseline and in the last 10 days prior to jejunal sampling. RESULTS IBS-D-NT exhibited significant MC activation and over-expression of immune-related genes as compared to HS, whereas in IBS-D-DSCG MC activity and gene expression were similar to HS. Furthermore, DSCG significantly reduced abdominal pain and improved stool consistency. CONCLUSION Oral DSCG modulates mucosal immune activity and improves gut symptoms in IBS-D patients. Future placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed for confirmation of clinical benefit of DSCG for IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Ramos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Martínez
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mar Guilarte
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain
| | - Marc Pigrau
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno K Rodiño-Janeiro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloisa Salvo-Romero
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Fortea
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pardo-Camacho
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danila Guagnozzi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain
| | - María Vicario
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca VHIR; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Department of Medicine) Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Investigación Sanitaria, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spain
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15
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Moloney RD, Johnson AC, O'Mahony SM, Dinan TG, Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B, Cryan JF. Stress and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Visceral Pain: Relevance to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:102-17. [PMID: 26662472 PMCID: PMC6492884 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral pain is a global term used to describe pain originating from the internal organs of the body, which affects a significant proportion of the population and is a common feature of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While IBS is multifactorial, with no single etiology to completely explain the disorder, many patients also experience comorbid behavioral disorders, such as anxiety or depression; thus, IBS is described as a disorder of the gut-brain axis. Stress is implicated in the development and exacerbation of visceral pain disorders. Chronic stress can modify central pain circuitry, as well as change motility and permeability throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. More recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis, and subsequent changes in behavior, has emerged. Thus, stress and the gut microbiota can interact through complementary or opposing factors to influence visceral nociceptive behaviors. This review will highlight the evidence by which stress and the gut microbiota interact in the regulation of visceral nociception. We will focus on the influence of stress on the microbiota and the mechanisms by which microbiota can affect the stress response and behavioral outcomes with an emphasis on visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Moloney
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Present address:
Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Anthony C. Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Siobhain M. O'Mahony
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural ScienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Beverley Greenwood‐Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- V.A. Medical CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - John F. Cryan
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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16
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Prusator DK, Johnson AC. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of visceral pain: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G885-903. [PMID: 25767262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00463.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. Animal models have played a pivotal role in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of visceral pain. This review focuses on animal models of visceral pain and their translational relevance. In addition, the challenges of using animal models to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat visceral pain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dawn K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anthony C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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17
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Moloney RD, Golubeva AV, O'Connor RM, Kalinichev M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Negative allosteric modulation of the mGlu7 receptor reduces visceral hypersensitivity in a stress-sensitive rat strain. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 2:28-33. [PMID: 26844237 PMCID: PMC4721404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, exerts its effect through ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Of these, group III mGlu receptors (mGlu 4, 6, 7, 8) are among the least studied due to a lack of pharmacological tools. mGlu7 receptors, the most highly conserved isoform, are abundantly distributed in the brain, especially in regions, such as the amygdala, known to be crucial for the emotional processing of painful stimuli. Visceral hypersensitivity is a poorly understood phenomenon manifesting as an increased sensitivity to visceral stimuli. Glutamate has long been associated with somatic pain processing leading us to postulate that crossover may exist between these two modalities. Moreover, stress has been shown to exacerbate visceral pain. ADX71743 is a novel, centrally penetrant, negative allosteric modulator of mGlu7 receptors. Thus, we used this tool to explore the possible involvement of this receptor in the mediation of visceral pain in a stress-sensitive model of visceral hypersensitivity, namely the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. ADX71743 reduced visceral hypersensitivity in the WKY rat as exhibited by increased visceral sensitivity threshold with concomitant reductions in total number of pain behaviours. Moreover, AD71743 increased total distance and distance travelled in the inner zone of the open field. These findings show, for what is to our knowledge, the first time, that mGlu7 receptor signalling plays a role in visceral pain processing. Thus, negative modulation of the mGlu7 receptor may be a plausible target for the amelioration of stress-induced visceral pain where there is a large unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Moloney
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Anna V. Golubeva
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F. Cryan
- Laboratory of Neurogastroenterology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- Corresponding author. Dept Anatomy & Neuroscience, Room 386, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Western Rd., Cork, Ireland.
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18
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Hyland NP, O'Mahony SM, O'Malley D, O'Mahony CM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Early-life stress selectively affects gastrointestinal but not behavioral responses in a genetic model of brain-gut axis dysfunction. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:105-13. [PMID: 25443141 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life stress and a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety- and depressive-like phenotype are associated with behavioral and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Animals exposed to early-life stress, and those genetically predisposed to display anxiety or depressive behaviors, have proven useful tools in which to study stress-related GI disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a heterogeneous disorder, and likely a consequence of both genetic and environmental factors. However, the combined effects of early-life stress and a genetic predisposition to display anxiety- and depression-like behaviors on GI function have not been investigated. METHODS We assessed the effect of maternal separation (MS) on behavioral and GI responses in WKY animals relative to a normo-anxious reference strain. KEY RESULTS Both non-separated (NS) WKY and WKY-MS animals displayed anxiety-like responses in the open-field test and depressive-like behaviors in the forced swim test relative to Sprague-Dawley rats. However, MS had no further influence on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors exhibited by this stress-prone rat strain. Similarly, corticosterone levels measured after the OFT were insensitive to MS in WKY animals. However, WKY-MS displayed significantly increased colonic visceral hypersensitivity, fecal output, and altered colonic cholinergic sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our data suggest that early-life stress, on the background of a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety- and depressive-like phenotype, selectively influences GI function rather than stress-related behaviors. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of genetic predisposition on the outcome of early-life adversity on GI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Hyland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Nee J, Zakari M, Lembo AJ. Current and emerging drug options in the treatment of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:2781-92. [PMID: 26558923 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome diarrhea predominant (IBS-D) is a highly prevalent GI disease, affecting nearly a third of all patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Current treatment options are limited. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the pharmacotherapeutic options for IBS-D including currently used medications, the two newly FDA approved medications, as well as emerging therapies with potential benefit in IBS-D. Particular emphasis is placed on rifaximin and eluxadoline and their possible use in IBS-D. EXPERT OPINION Current pharmacological treatment of IBS-D includes loperamide, bile acid sequestrants, antispasmodics, tricyclic antidepressants, alosetron, eluxadoline and rifaximin. The latter two treatments have significantly added to the pharmacotherapeutic options for patients suffering from IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Nee
- a Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Mohammed Zakari
- a Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Anthony J Lembo
- a Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston , MA , USA
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20
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Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G. Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:14105-14125. [PMID: 25339800 PMCID: PMC4202342 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions.
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