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Aykan S, Puglia MH, Kalaycıoğlu C, Pelphrey KA, Tuncalı T, Nalçacı E. Right Anterior Theta Hypersynchrony as a Quantitative Measure Associated with Autistic Traits and K-Cl Cotransporter KCC2 Polymorphism. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:61-72. [PMID: 33635423 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to use theta coherence as a quantitative trait to investigate the relation of the polymorphisms in NKCC1 (rs3087889) and KCC2 (rs9074) channel protein genes to autistic traits (AQ) in neurotypicals. Coherence values for candidate connection regions were calculated from eyes-closed resting EEGs in two independent groups. Hypersynchrony within the right anterior region was related to AQ in both groups (p < 0.05), and variability in this hypersynchrony was related to the rs9074 polymorphism in the total group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, theta hypersynchrony within the right anterior region during eyes-closed rest can be considered a quantitative measure for autistic traits. Replicating our findings in two independent populations with different backgrounds strengthens the validity of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Aykan
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Meghan H Puglia
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Canan Kalaycıoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kevin A Pelphrey
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Timur Tuncalı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Nalçacı
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Fernandes IG, de Brito CA, dos Reis VMS, Sato MN, Pereira NZ. SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: What Does Oxidative Stress Have to Do with It? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8844280. [PMID: 33381273 PMCID: PMC7757116 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8844280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of oxidative stress, characterized as an imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant responses, is a well-known inflammatory mechanism and constitutes an important cellular process. The relationship of viral infections, reactive species production, oxidative stress, and the antiviral response is relevant. Therefore, the aim of this review is to report studies showing how reactive oxygen species may positively or negatively affect the pathophysiology of viral infection. We focus on known respiratory viral infections, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs), in an attempt to provide important information on the challenges posed by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Because antiviral therapies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) are rare, knowledge about relevant antioxidant compounds and oxidative pathways may be important for understanding viral pathogenesis and identifying possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Grigoletto Fernandes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 56, Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cyro Alves de Brito
- Technical Division of Medical Biology, Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 56, Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation 56, Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Pereira NZ, Branco ACCC, Manfrere KCG, de Lima JF, Yoshikawa FSY, Milanez HMBPM, Pereira NV, Sotto MN, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Increased Expression on Innate Immune Factors in Placentas From HIV-Infected Mothers Concurs With Dampened Systemic Immune Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1822. [PMID: 32983090 PMCID: PMC7477039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is one of the main protection mechanisms against viral infections, but how this system works at the maternal-fetal interface, especially during HIV infection, is still poorly known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pregnancy and innate mechanisms associated with HIV immunity by evaluating the expression of DAMPs, inflammasome components and type I/III IFNs in placenta and serum samples from HIV-infected mothers and exposed newborns. Our results showed that most of these factors, including HMGB1, IL-1, and IFN, were increased in placental villi from HIV-infected mothers. Curiously, however, these factors were simultaneously repressed in serum from HIV-infected mothers and their exposed newborns, suggesting that pregnancy could restrict HIV immune activation systemically but preserve the immune response at the placental level. An effective local antiviral status associated with a suppressed inflammatory environment can balance the maternal immune response, promoting homeostasis for fetal development and protection against HIV infection in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Gomes Manfrere
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam Nacagami Sotto
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências LIM56, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Yin X, Wang Z, Wu T, Ma M, Zhang Z, Chu Z, Hu Q, Ding H, Han X, Xu J, Shang H, Jiang Y. The combination of CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 levels during primary HIV infection predicts HIV disease progression. J Transl Med 2019; 17:417. [PMID: 31836011 PMCID: PMC6909626 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines involved in inflammation, cell migration, and immune regulation in both physiological and pathological contexts. Here, we investigated the profile of chemokines during primary HIV infection (PHI). Methods Fifty-four participants with blood samples before and during HIV infection and clinical information available were selected from an HIV-negative man who have sex with men (MSM) prospective cohort. Thirty chemokines and 10 cytokines were measured pre- and post-HIV infection in the same individuals using a Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Chemokine Panel. Results Levels of 18 chemokines/cytokines changed significantly during PHI relative to pre-HIV infection levels; 14 were up-regulated and 4 down-regulated. Among them, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were the most prominently raised. Levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were much higher in the high-set point group (log viral load (lgVL) ≥ 4.5) than those in the low-set point group (lgVL < 4.5) and levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were higher in the low-CD4+ T-cell count group (CD4+ T-cell count ≥ 500). A formula to predict HIV disease progression using a combination panel comprising CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 was developed, where risk score = 0.007 × CXCL9 + 0.004 × CXCL10 − 0.033 × CXCL11 − 1.724, with risk score values higher than the cutoff threshold (0.5211) indicating more rapid HIV disease progression. Conclusions A panel of plasma CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 measured during primary HIV-1 infection could predict long-term HIV disease prognosis in an MSM group and has potential as a novel biomarker in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowan Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Meichen Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhenxing Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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5
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Branco ACCC, Pereira NZ, Yoshikawa FSY, Oliveira LMDS, Teixeira FME, Oliveira LDM, Pietrobon AJ, Torrealba MP, de Lima JF, Duarte AJDS, Sato MN. Proinflammatory profile of neonatal monocytes induced by microbial ligands is downmodulated by histamine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13721. [PMID: 31548589 PMCID: PMC6757139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the neonatal period is characterized by relative immunological immaturity, an inflammatory response due to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation is observed. Histamine may be one of the factors playing a role in restraining inflammation during the early stages of life. Therefore, we evaluated the responsiveness of human cord blood cells to TLR4 agonists and the immunomodulatory function of histamine in the inflammatory response. Compared with adults, mononuclear cells (MNCs) from newborns (NBs) exhibit impaired production of IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, such as CXCL10 and CXCL9, upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Notably, LPS induced a 5-fold increase in CCL2 secretion in NBs. Evaluation of the effect of histamine on LPS-induced CCL2 secretion showed an inhibitory effect in the majority of adults, whereas this effect was detectable in all NBs. Histamine receptor (HR) blockage revealed partial involvement of H1R, H2R and H4R in LPS-induced CCL2 inhibition in MNCs from both NBs and adults. As monocytes are the main type of mononuclear cell that produces CCL2, we evaluated genes related to TLR signaling upon LPS stimulation. Monocytes from NBs showed up-regulation of genes associated with JAK/STAT/NF-κB and IFN signaling. Some differentially expressed genes encoding proinflammatory factors were preferentially detected in LPS-activated monocytes from NBs, and markedly down-regulated by histamine. The immunomodulatory role of histamine on CCL2 and CXCL8 was detected at the transcript and protein levels. Our findings show that NBs have enhanced CCL2 responsiveness to LPS, and that histamine acts in immune homeostasis during the neonatal period to counterbalance the robustness of TLR stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana de Mendonça Oliveira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Passos Torrealba
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Staphylococcal enterotoxins modulate the effector CD4 + T cell response by reshaping the gene expression profile in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13082. [PMID: 31511620 PMCID: PMC6739319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) individuals, but the impact of its enterotoxins on the chronic activation of CD4+ T cells demands further analysis. We aimed to analyze the CD4+ T cell anergy profile and their phenotypic and functional features through differential expression of cellular activation markers, cytokine production and response to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). A panel of 84 genes relevant to T cell anergy was assessed by PCR array in FACS-sorted CD4+ T cells, and the most prominent genes were validated by RT-qPCR. We evaluated frequencies of circulating CD4+ T cells secreting single or multiple (polyfunctional) cytokines (IL-17A, IL-22, TNF, IFN-γ, and MIP-1β) and expression of activation marker CD38 in response to SEA stimulation by flow cytometry. Our main findings indicated upregulation of anergy-related genes (EGR2 and IL13) promoted by SEA in AD patients, associated to a compromised polyfunctional response particularly in CD4+CD38+ T cells in response to antigen stimulation. The pathogenic role of staphylococcal enterotoxins in adult AD can be explained by their ability to downmodulate the activated effector T cell response, altering gene expression profile such as EGR2 induction, and may contribute to negative regulation of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells in these patients.
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7
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Interferon-inducible TRIM22 contributes to maintenance of HIV-1 proviral latency in T cell lines. Virus Res 2019; 269:197631. [PMID: 31136823 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) establishes a state of latent infection in a small number of CD4+ T lymphocytes that, nonetheless, represent a major obstacle to viral eradication. We here show that Tripartite Motif-containing protein 22 (TRIM22), an epigenetic inhibitor of Specificity protein 1 (Sp1)-dependent HIV-1 transcription, is a relevant factor in maintaining a state of repressed HIV-1 expression at least in CD4+ T cell lines. By knocking-down (KD) TRIM22 expression, we observed an accelerated reactivation of a doxycycline (Dox)-controlled HIV-1 replication in the T lymphocytic SupT1 cell line. Furthermore, we here report for the first time that TRIM22 is a crucial factor for maintaining a state of HIV-1 quiescence in chronically infected ACH2 -T cell line while its KD potentiated HIV-1 expression in both ACH-2 and J-Lat 10.6 cell lines upon cell stimulation with either tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). In conclusion, TRIM22 is a novel determinant of HIV-1 latency, at least in T cell lines, thus representing a potential pharmacological target for strategies aiming at curtailing or silencing the pool of latently infected CD4+ T lymphocytes constituting the HIV-1 reservoir in individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
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8
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Domingues R, Pietrobon AJ, Carvalho GC, Pereira NZ, Pereira NV, Sotto MN, Aoki V, Duarte AJS, Sato MN. Lichen planus: altered AIM2 and NLRP1 expression in skin lesions and defective activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:e89-e95. [PMID: 30552699 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory skin disease with unknown aetiology. Activation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns or environmental stimuli may activate some components of inflammasomes that contribute to the inflammatory process in LP lesions. AIM To characterize the inflammasomes in skin lesions and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with LP under Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. METHODS In total, 15 patients with LP and 14 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Inflammasome expression in skin was evaluated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, while ELISA was used to assess the production of interleukin (IL)-1β by PBMCs under stimulation with TLR4 and TLR7/TLR8 agonists and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). RESULTS Compared with the levels in HC samples, increased expression of the inflammasome AIM2 was verified in both epidermal and dermal sections of LP skin lesions, whereas NLRP1 and IL-β expression levels were enhanced in the dermis. LP skin lesion samples exhibited higher AIM2 transcript levels, similar NLRP1 levels and lower pro-IL-1β mRNA levels compared with HC samples. We verified that, compared with PBMCs from HC subjects, PBMCs from patients with LP produced similar amounts of IL-1β after induction by TLR4 agonists but lower IL-1β levels after induction by TLR7/TLR8 agonists, regardless of the addition of ATP. CONCLUSION Alterations in innate immunity, such as inflammasome component expression in skin lesions and PBMCs, were observed in patients with LP. Further investigations of dysfunctional inflammasome activation and the chronic inflammatory status of LP are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domingues
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G C Carvalho
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Z Pereira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N V Pereira
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Sotto
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Aoki
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J S Duarte
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M N Sato
- Laboratory of Investigation in Medicine, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Orfali RL, da Silva Oliveira LM, de Lima JF, de Carvalho GC, Ramos YAL, Pereira NZ, Pereira NV, Zaniboni MC, Sotto MN, da Silva Duarte AJ, Sato MN, Aoki V. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins modulate IL-22-secreting cells in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6665. [PMID: 29703987 PMCID: PMC5923268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease characterized by skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Interleukin (IL)-22, in cooperation with IL-17, triggers antimicrobial peptide elaboration and enhances certain immunological responses. In AD, IL-22 is related to epidermal hyperplasia, keratinocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. We aimed to evaluate the impact of staphylococcal enterotoxins on the Tc22/Th22 induction in the peripheral blood of AD patients and on CD4+/CD8+ T cells expressing IL-22 in AD skin. Our study showed inhibition of the staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) response by Th22 (CD4+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells in AD patients. In contrast, Tc22 (CD8+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells were less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited an enhanced response to the bacterial stimuli. In AD skin, we detected increased IL-22 transcript expression and T lymphocytes expressing IL-22. Together, our results provide two major findings in response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in adults with AD: dysfunctional CD4+ IL-22 secreting T cells and increased Tc22 cells. Our hypothesis reinforces the relevance of CD8 T cells modulated by staphylococcal enterotoxins as a potential source of IL-22 in adults with AD, which is relevant for the maintenance of immunological imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Leao Orfali
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa de Carvalho
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Alefe Leuzzi Ramos
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalli Zanete Pereira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Colombini Zaniboni
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 remains a significant global health concern despite implementation of maternal combination antiretroviral therapy for treatment as prevention to offset transmission. The risk of in-utero HIV-1 transmission in the absence of interventions is ∼7%. This low rate of transmission points to innate and adaptive mechanisms to restrict lentiviral infection within the placenta. RECENT FINDINGS Placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells) are key mediators in in-utero transmission of HIV-1. Hofbauer cells constitutively express elevated concentrations of regulatory cytokines, which inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro, and possess intrinsic antiviral properties. Hofbauer cells sequester HIV-1 in intracellular compartments that can be accessed by HIV-1-specific antibodies and may occur in vivo to offset MTCT. Intriguingly, studies have reported strong associations between maternal human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) viremia and MTCT of HIV-1. HCMV infection at the placenta promotes inflammation, chronic villitis, and trophoblast damage, providing potential HIV-1 access into CD4CCR5 target cells. The placenta exhibits a variety of mechanisms to limit HIV-1 replication, yet viral-induced activation with maternal HCMV may override this protection to facilitate in-utero transmission of HIV-1. SUMMARY Understanding immune correlates of protection or transmission at the placenta during on-going HIV-1 exposure may contribute to understanding HIV pathogenesis and the development of effective immunotherapies.
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Protective Role of BST2 Polymorphisms in Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1 and Adult AIDS Progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 72:237-41. [PMID: 26885809 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cell antigen-2 (BST-2)/Tetherin is a restriction factor that prevents Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) release from infected cells and mediates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This study investigated the risk conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs919266, rs9192677, and rs9576) at BST-2 coding gene (BST2) in HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission and in disease progression. Initially, 101 HIV-1+ pregnant women and 331 neonates exposed to HIV-1 from Zambia were enrolled. Additional BST2 single nucleotide polymorphism analyses were performed in 2 cohorts with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression: an adult Brazilian cohort (37 rapid, 30 chronic and 21 long-term non-progressors) and an Italian pediatric cohort (21 rapid and 67 slow progressors). The rs9576A allele was nominally associated with protection during breastfeeding (P = 0.019) and individuals carrying rs919266 GA showed slower progression to AIDS (P = 0.033). Despite the influence of rs919266 and rs9576 on BST2 expression being still undetermined, a preventive role by BST2 polymorphisms was found during HIV-1 infection.
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Cervantes CAC, Oliveira LMS, Manfrere KCG, Lima JF, Pereira NZ, Duarte AJS, Sato MN. Antiviral factors and type I/III interferon expression associated with regulatory factors in the oral epithelial cells from HIV-1-serodiscordant couples. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25875. [PMID: 27168019 PMCID: PMC4863167 DOI: 10.1038/srep25875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who remain HIV-seronegative despite repeated unprotected exposure to the virus are defined as exposed seronegative (ESN) individuals. Innate and adaptive immunity, as well as genetic factors, provide ESNs with important advantages that allow for low infection susceptibility. The majority of HIV-1-infected individuals undergo antiretroviral therapy, which can decrease the level of HIV-1 exposure in ESNs. We analyzed type I interferon (IFN)-related antiviral and regulatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and oral epithelial cells from serodiscordant couples. Our findings revealed that ESNs did not induce the expression of antiviral factors (APOBEC-3G, TRIM5-α, SAMDH1, STING, TBk1) or regulatory factors (Trex, Foxo3, Socs3, IL-10) in PBMCs, unlike their HIV-1-infected partners. In contrast, ESNs upregulated APOBEC-3G and type I/III IFNs (IFNs-α,-β/-λ) in oral mucosal epithelial cells similar to their HIV-infected partners. The serodiscordant groups exhibited an increased expression of type I IFN-induced regulators, such as Trex and Foxo3, in oral epithelial cells. TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 were expressed in oral epithelial cells of both ESNs and HIV-1-infected subjects. These findings revealed evidence of antiviral factors, type I/III interferon and regulatory factor expression only in the oral mucosal compartment of ESNs, while HIV-1-infected partners systemically and oral mucosal expressed the antiviral profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A C Cervantes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda M S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly C G Manfrere
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josenilson F Lima
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalli Z Pereira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto J S Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria N Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Macura SL, Lathrop MJ, Gui J, Doncel GF, Asin SN, Rollenhagen C. Blocking CXCL9 Decreases HIV-1 Replication and Enhances the Activity of Prophylactic Antiretrovirals in Human Cervical Tissues. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2016; 71:474-82. [PMID: 26545124 PMCID: PMC4788559 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The interferon-gamma-induced chemokine CXCL9 is expressed in a wide range of inflammatory conditions including those affecting the female genital tract. CXCL9 promotes immune cell recruitment, activation, and proliferation. The role of CXCL9 in modulating HIV-1 infection of cervicovaginal tissues, a main portal of viral entry, however, has not been established. We report a link between CXCL9 and HIV-1 replication in human cervical tissues and propose CXCL9 as a potential target to enhance the anti-HIV-1 activity of prophylactic antiretrovirals. DESIGN Using ex vivo infection of human cervical tissues as a model of mucosal HIV-1 acquisition, we described the effect of CXCL9 neutralization on HIV-1 gene expression and mucosal CD4 T-cell activation. The anti-HIV-1 activity of tenofovir, the leading mucosal pre-exposure prophylactic microbicide, alone or in combination with CXCL9 neutralization was also studied. METHODS HIV-1 replication was evaluated by p24 ELISA. HIV-1 DNA and RNA, and CD4, CCR5, and CD38 transcription were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Frequency of activated cervical CD4 T cells was quantified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. RESULTS Antibody blocking of CXCL9 reduced HIV-1 replication by decreasing mucosal CD4 T-cell activation. CXCL9 neutralization in combination with suboptimal concentrations of tenofovir, possibly present in the cervicovaginal tissues of women using the drug inconsistently, demonstrated an earlier and greater decrease in HIV-1 replication compared with tissues treated with tenofovir alone. CONCLUSIONS CXCL9 neutralization reduces HIV-1 replication and may be an effective target to enhance the efficacy of prophylactic antiretrovirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrill L. Macura
- Research Service, V. A. Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Device Evaluation, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Melissa J. Lathrop
- Research Service, V. A. Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
- Division of Select Agents and Toxins, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
| | | | - Susana N. Asin
- Research Service, V. A. Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH; and
| | - Christiane Rollenhagen
- Research Service, V. A. Medical Center, White River Junction, VT
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH
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Nogueira MADS, Gavioli CFB, Pereira NZ, de Carvalho GC, Domingues R, Aoki V, Sato MN. Human endogenous retrovirus expression is inversely related with the up-regulation of interferon-inducible genes in the skin of patients with lichen planus. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 307:259-64. [PMID: 25384438 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a common inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Reports of a common transactivation of quiescent human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) support the connection of viruses to the disease. HERVs are ancient retroviral sequences in the human genome and their transcription is often deregulated in cancer and autoimmune diseases. We explored the transcriptional activity of HERV sequences as well as the antiviral restriction factor and interferon-inducible genes in the skin from LP patients and healthy control (HC) donors. The study included 13 skin biopsies from patients with LP and 12 controls. Real-time PCR assay identified significant decrease in the HERV-K gag and env mRNA expression levels in LP subjects, when compared to control group. The expressions of HERV-K18 and HERV-W env were also inhibited in the skin of LP patients. We observed a strong correlation between HERV-K gag with other HERV sequences, regardless the down-modulation of transcripts levels in LP group. In contrast, a significant up-regulation of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC 3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing), and the GTPase MxA (Myxovirus resistance A) mRNA expression level was identified in the LP skin specimens. Other transcript expressions, such as the master regulator of type I interferon-dependent immune responses, STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and IRF-7 (interferon regulatory factor 7), IFN-β and the inflammassome NALP3, had increased levels in LP, when compared to HC group. Our study suggests that interferon-inducible factors, in addition to their role in innate immunity against exogenous pathogens, contribute to the immune control of HERVs. Evaluation of the balance between HERV and interferon-inducible factor expression could possibly contribute to surveillance of inflammatory/malignant status of skin diseases.
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