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Simmons NB, Ingala MR, Pieri M, Volkert TL, Singh LN, Philip P, Lindsey LL, Zhang N, Gray JL, O'Toole BP, Mai M, Teeling EC, Vernes SC. The genome sequence of Molossusnigricans (Chiroptera, Molossidae; Miller, 1902). Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:198. [PMID: 37600588 PMCID: PMC10435916 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18724.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a genome assembly from an individual male Molossus nigricans (Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Molossidae). The genome sequence is 2.41 gigabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 24 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the X sex chromosome assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B. Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY10024, USA
| | - Melissa R. Ingala
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
| | - Myrtani Pieri
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meike Mai
- School of Biology, The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Emma C. Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sonja C. Vernes
- School of Biology, The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - the Bat Biology Foundation
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY10024, USA
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Paratus Sciences, New York NY, USA
- School of Biology, The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - the Bat1K Consortium
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY10024, USA
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ 07940, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Paratus Sciences, New York NY, USA
- School of Biology, The University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Vela-Ulian CM, Ditchfield AD, Srbek-Araujo AC. New bat records for altitudinal Atlantic Forest in Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. MAMMALIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We report two new bat records for Espírito Santo State (Brazil), increasing the local list to 88 species. Two individuals of Myotis izecksohni were collected with mist net, while Molossops temminckii was identified from bioacoustic recordings. Both species were recorded in the Serra do Caparaó region, characterized by high-altitude Atlantic Forest, located in the southwest portion of Espírito Santo State. With these new records, the state is now home to 48.6% of the chiropterofauna known to Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Maria Vela-Ulian
- Laboratório de Estudos em Quirópteros, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória 29075-910 , ES , Brazil
| | - Albert David Ditchfield
- Laboratório de Estudos em Quirópteros, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo , Vitória 29075-910 , ES , Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Vila Velha , Vila Velha , ES , Brazil
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3
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Rodríguez-San Pedro A, Pacheco JA, Beltrán C, Allendes JL, Ugarte-Núñez JA. Eumops perotis (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera, Molossidae): a new genus and species for Chile revealed by acoustic surveys. MAMMALIA 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although 13 species of the genus Eumops have been documented in South America, none of them had been previously reported in Chile. Based on acoustic surveys, we report here the first record of this genus for the country. Fourteen echolocation sequences of the Western mastiff bat (Eumops perotis) were recorded in the valleys of Azapa, Lluta, and Camarones in the Arica and Parinacota region, northern Chile. Echolocation calls of E. perotis can be distinguished from other bat species in the region by its lower frequency range, longer call duration, and interpulse intervals. This finding adds a new genus and species for Chile and increases the known bat diversity in the country to 17 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Rodríguez-San Pedro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás , Santiago , Chile
- Bioecos E.I.R.L , Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Chile (PCMCh) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jaime A. Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación Biodiversidad Sostenible (BioS) , Lima , Perú
| | - Clemente Beltrán
- Bioecos E.I.R.L , Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Chile (PCMCh) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Juan Luis Allendes
- Bioecos E.I.R.L , Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Chile (PCMCh) , Santiago , Chile
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Cabral RCC, Appel G, de Oliveira LQ, López-Baucells A, Magnusson WE, Bobrowiec PED. Effect of environmental gradients on community structuring of aerial insectivorous bats in a continuous forest in Central Amazon. Mamm Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zou W, Liang H, Wu P, Luo B, Zhou D, Liu W, Wu J, Fang L, Lei Y, Feng J. Correlated evolution of wing morphology and echolocation calls in bats. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1031548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionFlight and echolocation are two crucial behaviors associated with niche expansion in bats. Previous researches have attempted to explain the interspecific divergence in flight morphology and echolocation vocalizations in some bat groups from the perspective of foraging ecology. However, the relationship between wing morphology and echolocation vocalizations of bats remains obscure, especially in a phylogenetic context.ObjectivesHere, we aimed to assess the correlated evolution of wing morphology and echolocation calls in bats within a phylogenetic comparative framework.MethodsWe integrated the information on search-phrase echolocation call duration, peak frequency, relative wing loading, aspect ratio, and foraging guilds for 152 bat species belonging to 15 families. We quantified the association among wing morphology, echolocation call parameters, and foraging guilds using phylogeny-based comparative analyses.ResultsOur analyses revealed that wing morphology and echolocation call parameters depended on families and exhibited a marked phylogenetic signal. Peak frequency of the call was negatively correlated with relative wing loading and aspect ratio. Call duration was positively correlated with relative wing loading and aspect ratio among open-space aerial foragers, edge-space aerial foragers, edge-space trawling foragers, and narrow-space gleaning foragers. Wing morphology, call duration, and peak frequency were predicted by foraging guilds.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that adaptive response to foraging ecology has shaped the correlated evolution between flight morphology and echolocation calls in bats. Our findings expand the current knowledge regarding the link between morphology and vocalizations within the order Chiroptera.
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da Costa CF, Ramos Pereira MJ. Aerial insectivorous bats in the Brazilian-Uruguayan savanna: Modelling the occupancy through acoustic detection. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.937139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pampa is the least protected and one of the least sampled for bats among the Brazilian domains. This leads to significant Linnean and Wallacean shortfalls for bats in the Brazilian-Uruguayan savanna ecoregion. Here, we aimed to model the occupancy of aerial insectivorous bats in response to landscape structure at different scales, considering the influence of microclimate on bat detection. We acoustically monitored 68 locations during the spring and summer of 2019/2020, gathering data on temperature and humidity associated with each acoustic record using data loggers. We detected at least 11 species of the Molossidae and the Vespertilionidae families, of which 9 were used in the model. The response to landscape structure was species-specific: the occupancy probability of Eptesicus brasiliensis and Molossus cf. currentium increased with landscape connectivity at the 500 m scale while Eptesicus furinalis and Histiotus cf. velatus were negatively affected by landscape connectivity at the 5.0 km scale. Molossus occupancy probability responded negatively to landscape heterogeneity at the 3.0 km scale, while Promops centralis responded positively to landscape heterogeneity at the 5.0 km scale. Molossus rufus responded negatively to native vegetation cover and positively to landscape heterogeneity at the 5.0 km scale. Myotis albescens and Molossops temminckii did not respond significantly to any of the evaluated landscape metrics. Our results show that different bat species perceive the landscape differently, regardless of the guild of use of space – edge- or open-space forager. Our estimate of projected occupancy for the areas contiguous to those sampled ranged from 0.45 to 0.70 for the whole of the bat taxa, suggesting that the landscape, particularly where it still maintains its native elements, is reasonably favourable to aerial insectivores.
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Gregorin R, Tahara A, Mancini M, Lobão K, Oliveira L, Tavares V. Mixed Sampling Methods Reveal Elevated Bat Richness in a Semideciduous Atlantic Forest Remnant. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Gregorin
- Centro de Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da UFLA, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Arhtur Tahara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Mancini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Lobão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Luciany Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Valéria Tavares
- Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN/DSE, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I. João Pessoa, Paraíba, CEP 58059-900, and Instituto Tecnológico da Vale (ITV-VALE), Brazil
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8
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Finger NM, Holderied M, Jacobs DS. Detection distances in desert dwelling, high duty cycle echolocators: A test of the foraging habitat hypothesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268138. [PMID: 35588425 PMCID: PMC9119505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High Duty Cycle (HDC) echolocating bats use high frequency echolocation pulses that are clutter resistant, but their high frequencies give them limited range. Despite their unique ability to reject background clutter while simultaneously detecting fluttering prey, the frequency of their echolocation pulses has a strong correlation with level of environmental clutter, lower frequency pulses of HDC bats being associated with more open environments. The Foraging Habitat Hypothesis (FHH) proposes that the ecological significance of these lower frequency pulses in HDC bats in open environments is that they allow longer prey detection distances. To test the FHH, we compared the frequencies, Source Levels (SLs) and detection distances of Rhinolophus capensis, a HDC bat that has been shown to vary its call frequency in relation to habitat structure. As a further test of the FHH we investigated the SLs and detection distances of Rhinolophus damarensis (a heterospecific species that occurs in the same open desert environment as R. capensis but echolocates at a higher dominant pulse frequency). In the open desert, R. capensis emitted both lower frequency and higher SL pulses giving them longer detection distances than R. capensis in the cluttered fynbos. SL contributed more to differences in detection distances in both R. capensis and R. damarensis than frequency. In a few instances, R. damarensis achieved similar detection distances to desert–inhabiting R. capensis by emitting much higher SLs despite their average SLs being lower. These results suggest that lower frequency echolocation pulses are not a prerequisite for open desert living but may increase detection distance while avoiding energetic costs required for high SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita M. Finger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marc Holderied
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Jacobs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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9
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de Aguiar Silva C, Machado RB, Silveira M, Aguiar LMS. Listening in the dark: acoustics indices reveal bat species diversity in a tropical savannah. BIOACOUSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2022.2053741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claysson de Aguiar Silva
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Biology and Conservation of Bats, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Machado
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation Planning, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Silveira
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Biology and Conservation of Bats, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla M. S. Aguiar
- Department of Zoology, Laboratory of Biology and Conservation of Bats, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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10
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Rodríguez-San Pedro A, Ugarte-Núñez JA, Beltrán C, Allendes JL. First record of the Peale’s free-tailed bat Nyctinomops aurispinosus (Peale, 1848) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Chile revealed by acoustic surveys, with notes on ecology and distribution. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The bat fauna from the extreme north of Chile is poorly known, principally due to a lack of dedicated surveys. To better assess the diversity of bats there, we conducted acoustic surveys at Arica city and three coastal valleys (Azapa, Lluta and Camarones) in the Arica and Parinacota region, Chile. We obtained 82 acoustic records of the Peale’s free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops aurispinosus) in nine sites within the region. This species had not been previously documented in Chile but was known from adjacent Tacna province, Peru. Echolocation calls of N. aurispinosus can be distinguished from other molossid bat species occurring in the area by its lower frequency range. Our data suggest a wide distribution of N. aurispinosus across the coastal valleys of the Arica and Parinacota region, where they were active in both natural and anthropized habitats. This southernmost record of N. aurispinosus for the Pacific coast, extends its known range ca. 150 km southward, and increases up to 15 the number of bat species in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia Rodríguez-San Pedro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás , Santiago , Chile
- Bioecos E.I.R.L , Santiago , Chile
- Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Chile (PCMCh) , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Clemente Beltrán
- Bioecos E.I.R.L , Santiago , Chile
- Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Chile (PCMCh) , Santiago , Chile
| | - Juan Luis Allendes
- Bioecos E.I.R.L , Santiago , Chile
- Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Chile (PCMCh) , Santiago , Chile
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Appel G, Capaverde UD, de Oliveira LQ, do Amaral Pereira LG, Cunha Tavares VD, López-Baucells A, Magnusson WE, Baccaro FB, Bobrowiec PED. Use of Complementary Methods to Sample Bats in the Amazon. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulliana Appel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69080-971, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara D. Capaverde
- Companhia Independente de Policiamento Ambiental (CIPA) da Polícia Militar de Roraima (PMRR), 69304-360, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Queiroz de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69080-971, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lucas G. do Amaral Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Diversidade Biológica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), 69080-900, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Valéria da Cunha Tavares
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - William E. Magnusson
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69080-971, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Beggiato Baccaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69080-971, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Paulo E. D. Bobrowiec
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), 69080-971, Manaus, Brazil
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12
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Mancini MCS, Hintze F, de Souza Laurindo R, de Macêdo Mello R, Gregorin R. Tradition vs. innovation: comparing bioacoustics and mist-net results to bat sampling. BIOACOUSTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2021.2008494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Camargo Silva Mancini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil
| | - Frederico Hintze
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade & Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - Rafael de Souza Laurindo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo de Macêdo Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil
| | - Renato Gregorin
- Centro de Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brasil
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Leiser‐Miller LB, Santana SE. Functional differences in echolocation call design in an adaptive radiation of bats. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16153-16164. [PMID: 34824818 PMCID: PMC8601877 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All organisms have specialized systems to sense their environment. Most bat species use echolocation for navigation and foraging, but which and how ecological factors shaped echolocation call diversity remains unclear for the most diverse clades, including the adaptive radiation of neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae). This is because phyllostomids emit low-intensity echolocation calls and many inhabit dense forests, leading to low representation in acoustic surveys. We present a field-collected, echolocation call dataset spanning 35 species and all phyllostomid dietary guilds. We analyze these data under a phylogenetic framework to test the hypothesis that echolocation call design and parameters are specialized for the acoustic demands of different diets, and investigate the contributions of phylogeny and body size to echolocation call diversity. We further link call parameters to dietary ecology by contrasting minimum detectable prey size estimates (MDPSE) across species. We find phylogeny and body size explain a substantial proportion of echolocation call parameter diversity, but most species can be correctly assigned to taxonomic (61%) or functional (77%) dietary guilds based on call parameters. This suggests a degree of acoustic ecological specialization, albeit with interspecific similarities in call structure. Theoretical MDPSE are greatest for omnivores and smallest for insectivores. Omnivores significantly differ from other dietary guilds in MDPSE when phylogeny is not considered, but there are no differences among taxonomic dietary guilds within a phylogenetic context. Similarly, predators of non-mobile/non-evasive prey and predators of mobile/evasive prey differ in estimated MDPSE when phylogeny is not considered. Phyllostomid echolocation call structure may be primarily specialized for overcoming acoustic challenges of foraging in dense habitats, and then secondarily specialized for the detection of food items according to functional dietary guilds. Our results give insight into the possible ecological mechanisms shaping the diversity of sensory systems, and their reciprocal influence on resource use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharlene E. Santana
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Burke Museum of Natural History and CultureUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Bioacoustics for in situ validation of species distribution modelling: An example with bats in Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248797. [PMID: 34669707 PMCID: PMC8528307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution modelling (SDM) gained importance on biodiversity distribution and conservation studies worldwide, including prioritizing areas for public policies and international treaties. Useful for large-scale approaches and species distribution estimates, it is a plus considering that a minor fraction of the planet is adequately sampled. However, minimizing errors is challenging, but essential, considering the uses and consequences of such models. In situ validation of the SDM outputs should be a key-step—in some cases, urgent. Bioacoustics can be used to validate and refine those outputs, especially if the focal species’ vocalizations are conspicuous and species-specific. This is the case of echolocating bats. Here, we used extensive acoustic monitoring (>120 validation points over an area of >758,000 km2, and producing >300,000 sound files) to validate MaxEnt outputs for six neotropical bat species in a poorly-sampled region of Brazil. Based on in situ validation, we evaluated four threshold-dependent theoretical evaluation metrics’ ability in predicting models’ performance. We also assessed the performance of three widely used thresholds to convert continuous SDMs into presence/absence maps. We demonstrated that MaxEnt produces very different outputs, requiring a careful choice on thresholds and modeling parameters. Although all theoretical evaluation metrics studied were positively correlated with accuracy, we empirically demonstrated that metrics based on specificity-sensitivity and sensitivity-precision are better for testing models, considering that most SDMs are based on unbalanced data. Without independent field validation, we found that using an arbitrary threshold for modelling can be a precarious approach with many possible outcomes, even after getting good evaluation scores. Bioacoustics proved to be important for validating SDMs for the six bat species analyzed, allowing a better refinement of SDMs in large and under-sampled regions, with relatively low sampling effort. Regardless of the species assessing method used, our research highlighted the vital necessity of in situ validation for SDMs.
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15
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Hearing sensitivity: An underlying mechanism for niche differentiation in gleaning bats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024943118. [PMID: 34426521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024943118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems are known for high species diversity. Adaptations permitting niche differentiation enable species to coexist. Historically, research focused primarily on morphological and behavioral adaptations for foraging, roosting, and other basic ecological factors. Another important factor, however, is differences in sensory capabilities. So far, studies mainly have focused on the output of behavioral strategies of predators and their prey preference. Understanding the coexistence of different foraging strategies, however, requires understanding underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms. In this study, we investigate hearing in bats and how it shapes bat species coexistence. We present the hearing thresholds and echolocation calls of 12 different gleaning bats from the ecologically diverse Phyllostomid family. We measured their auditory brainstem responses to assess their hearing sensitivity. The audiograms of these species had similar overall shapes but differed substantially for frequencies below 9 kHz and in the frequency range of their echolocation calls. Our results suggest that differences among bats in hearing abilities contribute to the diversity in foraging strategies of gleaning bats. We argue that differences in auditory sensitivity could be important mechanisms shaping diversity in sensory niches and coexistence of species.
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Gessinger G, Page R, Wilfert L, Surlykke A, Brinkløv S, Tschapka M. Phylogenetic Patterns in Mouth Posture and Echolocation Emission Behavior of Phyllostomid Bats. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.630481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While phyllostomid bats show an impressive range of feeding habits, most of them emit highly similar echolocation calls. Due to the presence of an often prominent noseleaf, it has long been assumed that all phyllostomids emit echolocation calls exclusively through the nostrils rather than through the mouth. However, photo evidence documents also phyllostomid bats flying with an opened mouth. We hypothesized that all phyllostomid species emit echolocation calls only through the nostrils and therefore fly consistently with a closed mouth, and that observations of an open mouth should be a rare and random behavior among individuals and species. Using a high-speed camera and standardized conditions in a flight cage, we screened 40 phyllostomid species. Behavior varied distinctly among the species and mouth posture shows a significant phylogenetic signal. Bats of the frugivorous subfamilies Rhinophyllinae and Carolliinae, the nectarivorous subfamilies Glossophaginae and Lonchophyllinae, and the sanguivorous subfamily Desmodontinae all flew consistently with open mouths. So did the animalivorous subfamilies Glyphonycterinae, Micronycterinae and Phyllostominae, with the notable exception of species in the omnivorous genus Phyllostomus, which consistently flew with mouths closed. Bats from the frugivorous subfamily Stenodermatinae also flew exclusively with closed mouths with the single exception of the genus Sturnira, which is the sister clade to all other stenodermatine species. Further, head position angles differed significantly between bats echolocating with their mouth closed and those echolocating with their mouths opened, with closed-mouth phyllostomids pointing only the nostrils in the direction of flight and open-mouth phyllostomids pointing both the nostrils and mouth gape in the direction of flight. Ancestral trait reconstruction showed that the open mouth mode is the ancestral state within the Phyllostomidae. Based on the observed behavioral differences, we suggest that phyllostomid bats are not all nasal emitters as previously thought and discuss possible reasons. Further experiments, such as selectively obstructing sound emission through nostrils or mouth, respectively, will be necessary to clarify the actual source, plasticity and ecological relevance of sound emission of phyllostomid bats flying with their mouths open.
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17
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Rossoni DM, Demos TC, Goodman SM, Yego RK, Mohlman JL, Webala PW, Patterson BD. Genetic, morphological and acoustic differentiation of African trident bats (Rhinonycteridae: Triaenops). Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rhinonycteridae (trident bats) are a small Palaeotropical family of insectivorous bats allied to Hipposideridae. Their taxonomy has been in a state of flux. Here, we use mitochondrial and nuclear sequences to evaluate species relationships, confirming the monophyly of both Triaenops and Paratriaenops. Although most Triaenops afer specimens are recovered as a group, mitochondrial analyses strongly support some Kenyan individuals as members of Triaenops persicus. Analyses of four nuclear introns (ACOX2, COPS7A, RODGI and STAT5A) strongly support the mitochondrial topology. Morphometric analysis of the skull, external morphology and echolocation calls confirm that the Triaenops from the Rift Valley in Kenya (Nakuru, Baringo and Pokot counties) are distinct from typical T. afer in coastal (Kilifi and Kwale counties) or interior (Laikipia and Makueni counties) colonies. We interpret these analyses to indicate that two species of Triaenops occur in East Africa: T. afer in coastal regions along the Indian Ocean and in the highlands of central Kenya and Ethiopia, and T. persicus in the Rift Valley of Kenya. Although they appear widely disjunct from Middle Eastern populations, Kenyan T. persicus might be more widely distributed in the Rift Valley; they are somewhat differentiated from Middle Eastern populations in terms of both cranial morphology and vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Rossoni
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
- Association Vahatra, BP, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Richard K Yego
- Mammalogy Section, Department of Zoology, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jessica L Mohlman
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Bruce D Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Chacón-Pacheco JJ, Avendaño Maldonado LJ, Agamez-López C, Mejía-Fontecha IY, Velásquez-Guarín D, Ossa López PA, Rivera Páez FA, Morales-Martínez DM, Ramírez-Chaves HE. Distribution of the dwarf dog-faced bat Molossops temminckii (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Colombia and comments on its morphometry. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2020-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The genus Molossops includes two species that are restricted to South America: Molossops neglectus and Molossops temminckii. The smaller dog-faced dwarf Molossops temminckii is distributed from Colombia to Argentina and has a wide morphological variation and vocal plasticity. In Colombia, this species remains poorly known. To fill distributional gaps, we present novel records from Arauca, Atlántico, Bolívar, Córdoba, and Huila departments. We also present an analysis of the morphometric variation in South America using Principal Component Analyses. These show an external and cranial difference of specimens of Colombia in respect of other and South America populations. In Colombian landscapes dominated by the floodplain savanna of the Orinoco region, Molossops temminckii is smaller than in the other regions of the country, and the previously suggested existence of cryptic diversity within the taxon should be evaluated. Therefore, we suggest further integrative analyses to investigate a possible subspecific status of some Colombian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio J. Chacón-Pacheco
- Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad Unicórdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Carrera 6 No. 76-103, Cod. Postal 230002 , Montería , Córdoba , Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación AMDAC, Institución Educativa José María Córdoba , Calle 29 No 16b-43 Barrio San José, Cod. Postal 230002 , Montería , Córdoba , Colombia
| | - Luis José Avendaño Maldonado
- Departamento de Biología , Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad del Caribe Colombiano, Semillero de Mastozoología, Universidad del Atlántico , Carrera 30 Número 8- 49 , Puerto Colombia , Atlántico , Colombia
| | - Carlos Agamez-López
- Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad Unicórdoba, Universidad de Córdoba , Carrera 6 No. 76-103, Cod. Postal 230002 , Montería , Córdoba , Colombia
| | - Ingrith Yuliany Mejía-Fontecha
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas , Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas , Calle 65 No 26-10, Cod. Postal 170004 , Manizales , Caldas , Colombia
| | - Daniela Velásquez-Guarín
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas , Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas , Calle 65 No 26-10, Cod. Postal 170004 , Manizales , Caldas , Colombia
| | - Paula A. Ossa López
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas , Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas , Calle 65 No 26-10, Cod. Postal 170004 , Manizales , Caldas , Colombia
| | - Fredy A. Rivera Páez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas , Grupo de Investigación GEBIOME, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Caldas , Calle 65 No 26-10, Cod. Postal 170004 , Manizales , Caldas , Colombia
| | - Darwin M. Morales-Martínez
- Grupo de Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Sede Bogotá) , Cra. 30 no. 45-03, edificio 425 , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves
- Centro de Museos, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas , Calle 65 No 26-10 , Manizales , Caldas , Colombia
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19
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Kohles JE, Carter GG, Page RA, Dechmann DKN. Socially foraging bats discriminate between group members based on search-phase echolocation calls. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Animals have evolved diverse strategies to use social information for increasing foraging success and efficiency. Echolocating bats, for example, can eavesdrop on bats foraging nearby because they shift from search-phase calls to feeding buzzes when they detect prey. Feeding buzzes can directly convey information about prey presence, but it is unknown whether search-phase calls also convey social information. Here, we investigated whether search-phase echolocation calls, distinct calls produced by some bat species to scan large open areas for prey, can additionally convey individual identity. We tested this in Molossus molossus, a neotropical insectivorous bat that forages with group members, presumably to find ephemeral insect swarms more efficiently. We caught M. molossus from six different social groups and recorded their search-phase calls during a standardized release procedure, then recaptured and tested 19 marked bats with habituation–dishabituation playback experiments. We showed that they can discriminate between group members based on search-phase calls, and our statistical analysis of call parameters supported the presence of individual signatures in search-phase calls. Individual discrimination is a prerequisite of individual recognition, which may allow M. molossus to maintain contact with group members while foraging without using specialized signals for communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Kohles
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg, Radolfzell, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße, Konstanz, Germany
- Gamboa Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ave. Luis F. Clement, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Gerald G Carter
- Gamboa Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ave. Luis F. Clement, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Aronoff Laboratory, Columbus, OH , USA
| | - Rachel A Page
- Gamboa Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ave. Luis F. Clement, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Dina K N Dechmann
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg, Radolfzell, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße, Konstanz, Germany
- Gamboa Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ave. Luis F. Clement, Balboa, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá
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20
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Rivas-Camo NA, Sabido-Villanueva PA, Peralta-Muñoz CR, Medellin RA. Cuba in Mexico: first record of Phyllops falcatus (Gray, 1839) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for Mexico and other new records of bats from Cozumel, Quintana Roo. Zookeys 2020; 973:153-162. [PMID: 33110376 PMCID: PMC7550390 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.973.53185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The first record of Phyllopsfalcatus (Gray, 1839) in Mexico is documented from the island of Cozumel, Quintana Roo. This species is present in the Antilles, distributed in all the Cuban archipelago, Cayman Islands, and Hispaniola. It is likely that a hurricane moved these bats from Cuba to Cozumel. The Cozumel record extends the distribution more than 200 km west. Two new records from Cozumel of the bats Lasiurusega and Molossusalvarezi are also provided.
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21
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Loureiro LO, Engstrom MD, Lim BK. Does evolution of echolocation calls and morphology in Molossus result from convergence or stasis? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238261. [PMID: 32970683 PMCID: PMC7514107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many processes of diversification have been described to explain variation of morphological traits within clades that have obvious differentiation among taxa, not much is known about these patterns in complexes of cryptic species. Molossus is a genus of bats that is mainly Neotropical, occurring from the southeastern United States to southern Argentina, including the Caribbean islands. Molossus comprises some groups of species that are morphologically similar but phylogenetically divergent, and other groups of species that are genetically similar but morphologically distinct. This contrast allows investigation of unequal trait diversification and the evolution of morphological and behavioural characters. In this study, we assessed the role of phylogenetic history in a genus of bat with three cryptic species complexes, and evaluated if morphology and behavior are evolving concertedly. The Genotype by Sequence genomic approach was used to build a species-level phylogenetic tree for Molossus and to estimate the ancestral states of morphological and echolocation call characters. We measured the correlation of phylogenetic distances to morphological and echolocation distances, and tested the relationship between morphology and behavior when the effect of phylogeny is removed. Morphology evolved via a mosaic of convergence and stasis, whereas call design was influenced exclusively through local adaptation and convergent evolution. Furthermore, the frequency of echolocation calls is negatively correlated with the size of the bat, but other characters do not seem to be evolving in concert. We hypothesize that slight variation in both morphology and behaviour among species of the genus might result from niche specialization, and that traits evolve to avoid competition for resources in similar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia O. Loureiro
- Hospital for Sick Children SickKids Learning Institute, The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark D. Engstrom
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Burton K. Lim
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Gómez-Corea W, Hernández J, Antúnez-Fonseca C, Mejía-Quintanilla D, Vega H. Leucism and updated geographic distribution of Molossus nigricans Miller, 1902 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Honduras. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We present the first record of leucism of Molossus nigricans a chromatic disorder rarely documented in mammals of Honduras, as well as species’ biological and ecological information. In addition, we present the currently known distribution and altitudinal range of M. nigricans in Honduras, based on acoustic records, opportunistic findings and previous records. We confirm the presence of M. nigricans in sixteen departments of which four are new departmental records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Gómez-Corea
- Facultad de Ciencias – Biology , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula (UNAH-VS) , San Pedro Sula , 504, Cortés , Honduras
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia , Ilhéus , Brasil
- Programa de Conservación de Murciélagos en Honduras (PCMH) , Tegucigalpa , Honduras
| | - Jonathan Hernández
- Programa de Conservación de Murciélagos en Honduras (PCMH) , Tegucigalpa , Honduras
- Jardín Botánico y Centro de Investigación Lancetilla , Universidad Nacional de Ciencias Forestales (UNACIFOR) , Tela , Atlántida , Honduras
| | - Cristopher Antúnez-Fonseca
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula (UNAH-VS) , San Pedro Sula , Cortés , Honduras
- Departamento de Ambiente y Desarrollo, Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad , Escuela Agrícola Panamericana (EAP) Zamorano , Valle de Yeguare , Francisco Morazán , Zamorano , Honduras
| | - David Mejía-Quintanilla
- Programa de Conservación de Murciélagos en Honduras (PCMH) , Tegucigalpa , Honduras
- Fundación en Ciencias para el Estudio y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (INCEBIO) , Tegucigalpa , Honduras
| | - Hermes Vega
- Mancomunidad del Parque Nacional Celaque , Gracias , Honduras
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos en Honduras (PCMH) , Tegucigalpa , Honduras
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23
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Monadjem A, Demos TC, Dalton DL, Webala PW, Musila S, Kerbis Peterhans JC, Patterson BD. A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species. Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vespertilionidae (class Mammalia) constitutes the largest family of bats, with ~500 described species. Nonetheless, the systematic relationships within this family are poorly known, especially among the pipistrelle-like bats of the tribes Vespertilionini and Pipistrellini. Perhaps as a result of their drab pelage and lack of obvious morphological characters, the genus and species limits of pipistrelle-like bats remain poorly resolved, particularly in Africa, where more than one-fifth of all vesper bat species occur. Further exacerbating the problem is the accelerating description of new species within these groups. In this study, we attempt to resolve the systematic relationships among the pipistrelle-like bats of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar and provide a more stable framework for future systematic efforts. Our systematic inferences are based on extensive genetic and morphological sampling of > 400 individuals covering all named genera and the majority of described African pipistrelle-like bat species, focusing on previously unstudied samples of East African bats. Our study corroborates previous work by identifying three African genera in Pipistrellini (Pipistrellus, Scotoecus and Vansonia), none of which is endemic to Africa. However, the situation is more complex in Vespertilionini. With broad taxonomic sampling, we confirm that the genus Neoromicia is paraphyletic, a situation that we resolve by assigning the species of Neoromicia to four genera. Neoromicia is here restricted to Neoromicia zuluensis and allied taxa. Some erstwhile Neoromicia species are transferred into an expanded Laephotis, which now includes both long-eared and short-eared forms. We also erect two new genera, one comprising a group of mostly forest-associated species (many of which have white wings) and the other for the genetically and morphologically unique banana bat. All four of these genera, as recognized here, are genetically distinct, have distinctive bacular morphologies and can be grouped by cranial morphometrics. We also demonstrate that the genus Nycticeinops, until now considered monospecific, includes both Afropipistrellus and the recently named Parahypsugo, thus representing the fifth African genus in Vespertilionini. A sixth genus, Hypsugo, is mostly extra-limital to sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, we describe three new species of pipistrelle-like bats from Kenya and Uganda, uncovered during the course of systematic bat surveys in the region. Such surveys are greatly needed across tropical Africa to uncover further bat diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Monadjem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Terrence C Demos
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Desire L Dalton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eswatini, Kwaluseni, Eswatini
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | - Simon Musila
- Mammalogy Section, Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julian C Kerbis Peterhans
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
- College of Arts & Sciences, Roosevelt University, 430 S Michigan, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce D Patterson
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Zamora‐Gutierrez V, Ortega J, Avila‐Flores R, Aguilar‐Rodríguez PA, Alarcón‐Montano M, Avila‐Torresagatón LG, Ayala‐Berdón J, Bolívar‐Cimé B, Briones‐Salas M, Chan‐Noh M, Chávez‐Cauich M, Chávez C, Cortés‐Calva P, Cruzado J, Cuevas JC, Del Real‐Monroy M, Elizalde‐Arellano C, García‐Luis M, García‐Morales R, Guerrero JA, Guevara‐Carrizales AA, Gutiérrez EG, Hernández‐Mijangos LA, Ibarra‐López MP, Iñiguez‐Dávalos LI, León‐Madrazo R, López‐González C, López‐Téllez MC, López‐Vidal JC, Martínez‐Balvanera S, Montiel‐Reyes F, Murrieta‐Galindo R, Orozco‐Lugo CL, Pech‐Canché JM, Pérez‐Pérez L, Ramírez‐Martínez MM, Rizo‐Aguilar A, Robredo‐Esquivelzeta E, Rodas‐Martínez AZ, Rojo‐Cruz MA, Selem‐Salas CI, Uribe‐Bencomo E, Vargas‐Contreras JA, MacSwiney G. MC. The Sonozotz project: Assembling an echolocation call library for bats in a megadiverse country. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4928-4943. [PMID: 32551071 PMCID: PMC7297765 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat acoustic libraries are important tools that assemble echolocation calls to allow the comparison and discrimination to confirm species identifications. The Sonozotz project represents the first nation-wide library of bat echolocation calls for a megadiverse country. It was assembled following a standardized recording protocol that aimed to cover different recording habitats, recording techniques, and call variation inherent to individuals. The Sonozotz project included 69 species of echolocating bats, a high species richness that represents 50% of bat species found in the country. We include recommendations on how the database can be used and how the sampling methods can be potentially replicated in countries with similar environmental and geographic conditions. To our knowledge, this represents the most exhaustive effort to date to document and compile the diversity of bat echolocation calls for a megadiverse country. This database will be useful to address a range of ecological questions including the effects of anthropogenic activities on bat communities through the analysis of bat sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zamora‐Gutierrez
- CONACYT—Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalDurangoMéxico
| | - Jorge Ortega
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Rafael Avila‐Flores
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | - Pedro Adrián Aguilar‐Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones TropicalesUniversidad VeracruzanaXalapaMéxico
- Universidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcala de XicohténcatlMéxico
| | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Briones‐Salas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral RegionalUnidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMéxico
| | - Martha Chan‐Noh
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas‐AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico
| | - Manuel Chávez‐Cauich
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas‐AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Chávez
- Departamento de Ciencias AmbientalesUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Unidad LermaLermaMéxico
| | - Patricia Cortés‐Calva
- Programa de Planeación Ambiental y ConservaciónCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C.La PazMéxico
| | | | - Jesús Carlo Cuevas
- Ingeniería en Recursos Naturales y AgropecuariosUniversidad de GuadalajaraAutlánMéxico
| | | | - Cynthia Elizalde‐Arellano
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Margarita García‐Luis
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral RegionalUnidad Oaxaca (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalOaxacaMéxico
- Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de OaxacaXoxocotlánMéxico
| | | | - José Antonio Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMéxico
| | | | - Edgar G. Gutiérrez
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | | | | | - Rafael León‐Madrazo
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | - Celia López‐González
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalDurangoMéxico
| | | | - Juan Carlos López‐Vidal
- Departamento de ZoologíaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | | | - Fernando Montiel‐Reyes
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango (CIIDIR)Instituto Politécnico NacionalDurangoMéxico
| | | | - Carmen Lorena Orozco‐Lugo
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMéxico
| | - Juan M. Pech‐Canché
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad VeracruzanaTuxpanMéxico
| | - Lucio Pérez‐Pérez
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | | | - Areli Rizo‐Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e IngenieríaUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMéxico
| | | | - Alba Z. Rodas‐Martínez
- División Académica de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad Juárez Autónoma de TabascoVillahermosaMéxico
| | | | | | - Elena Uribe‐Bencomo
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas‐AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánMéridaMéxico
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Boonman A, Fenton B, Yovel Y. The benefits of insect-swarm hunting to echolocating bats, and its influence on the evolution of bat echolocation signals. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006873. [PMID: 31830029 PMCID: PMC6907744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Predation on swarms of prey, especially using visual information, has drawn much interest in studies of collective movement. Surprisingly, in the field of biosonar this aspect of prey detection, which is probably very common, has received little to no attention. Here, we combine computer simulations and actual echo measurements to accurately estimate the echo sound pressure of insect swarms of different size and density. We show that swarm echo sound pressure increases with 3dB for every doubling of insect number, irrespective of swarm density. Thus swarms will be much easier to detect than single insects. Many of the insects bats eat are so small that they are only detectable by echolocation at very short distances. By focusing on detection of swarms of insects, a bat may increase its operating range and diversify its diet. Interestingly, interference between the sound waves reflected from a swarm of insects can sometimes result in echoes that are much weaker than echoes from single insects. We show that bats can reduce this problem by increasing the bandwidth of their echolocation calls. Specifically, a bandwidth of 3–8 kHz would guarantee receiving loud echoes from any angle relative to the swarm. Indeed, many bat species, and specifically bats hunting in open spaces, where swarms are abundant, use echolocation signals with a bandwidth of several kHz. Our results might also explain how the first echolocating bats that probably had limited echolocation abilities, could detect insects through swarm hunting. When bats hunt, they often encounter insects that fly in swarms. Echolocating bats emit sonar signals to search for prey and it is currently unknown what such swarms look like to a bat. Unlike vision, sonar senses the delay or distance to objects directly. We show that when bats hunt for insects in the sky, the echoes from the insects in a swarm will most of the time sum up and therefore become much louder than the echo of a single insect. Every time an insect swarm would double in number, a bat would hear an echo that is 3dB stronger. This could enable a bat to detect prey from longer distances and some bats might thus profit from swarm hunting. However, the echoes reflected from the many insects in the swarm also create acoustic interference so that sometimes the summed echo is actually weak at a certain frequency. We show how bats could deal with this drawback. It is known that most bats do not use sonar signals with a single tone but that they modulate their tones. Our analysis shows that this modulation can solve the problem of spectral interference ensuring that the swarm-echo is always loud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Boonman
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Brock Fenton
- Dpt of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yossi Yovel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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26
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Hintze F, Arias-Aguilar A, Dias-Silva L, Delgado-Jaramillo M, Silva CR, Jucá T, Mischiatti FL, Almeida M, Bezerra B, Aguiar LMS, Ramos Pereira MJ, Bernard E. Molossid unlimited: extraordinary extension of range and unusual vocalization patterns of the bat, Promops centralis. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The big crested mastiff bat, Promops centralis, occurs in Central and South America, but knowledge of its ecology is limited due to its open space hunting strategy, making captures extremely challenging. Notwithstanding, members of the species produce echolocation calls that are easy to identify. After recording calls of P. centralis 1,500 km away from its known range in Brazil, we hypothesized that the distribution range of this species was probably greatly underestimated. To improve the accuracy of P. centralis’ real distribution, we employed acoustic surveys throughout parts of Brazil, conducted after a bibliographic review to gather additional records, and used MaxEnt to model the species’ potential distribution. We have found that P. centralis has a much wider distribution in South America than previously thought, adding more than 3.8 million km2 to its former known area. We also describe an unusual vocalization pattern of P. centralis, with individuals emitting at least three very distinct but highly variable calls. This study shows that bioacoustic surveys and species distribution models can complement traditional methodologies in studying species that are difficult to capture, such as P. centralis, potentially contributing to more effective conservation and management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Hintze
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Adriana Arias-Aguilar
- Laboratório de Evolução, Sistemática e Ecologia de Aves e Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Prédio 43435, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Dias-Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia & Conservação, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6.627, Campus UFMG, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brasil
| | - Mariana Delgado-Jaramillo
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Carina Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Thays Jucá
- Laboratório de Etologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Pernambuco, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Recife, PE 50100-130, Brasil
| | - Francyne Lyrio Mischiatti
- Laboratório de Estudos em Quirópteros, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Edifício Lydia Behar, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil
| | - Márcio Almeida
- Laboratório de Estudos em Quirópteros, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Edifício Lydia Behar, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brasil
| | - Bruna Bezerra
- Laboratório de Etologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brasil
| | - Ludmilla M S Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia e Conservação de Morcegos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brasil
| | - Maria João Ramos Pereira
- Laboratório de Evolução, Sistemática e Ecologia de Aves e Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Prédio 43435, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brasil
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Enrico Bernard
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brasil
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Azofeifa Y, Estrada-Villegas S, Mavárez J, Nassar JM. Activity of Aerial Insectivorous Bats in Two Rice Fields in the Northwestern Llanos of Venezuela. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2019.21.1.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Azofeifa
- Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Aptdo. 20632, Carretera Panamericana km 11, Caracas 1020-A, Miranda, Venezuela
| | - Sergio Estrada-Villegas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201-1881, USA
| | - Jesús Mavárez
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, UMR UGA-USMB-CNRS 5553 Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700 38058 Grenoble, cedex 9, France
| | - Jafet M. Nassar
- Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Aptdo. 20632, Carretera Panamericana km 11, Caracas 1020-A, Miranda, Venezuela
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Appel G, López-Baucells A, Magnusson WE, Bobrowiec PED. Temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity effects on activity of tropical insectivorous bats. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The extrinsic factors that most influence animal activity are weather and light conditions, which can be assessed at hourly, monthly, and even lunar-cycle timescales. We evaluated the responses of tropical aerial-insectivorous bats to temperature, rainfall, and moonlight intensity within and among nights. Temperature positively affected the activity of two species (Cormura brevirostris and Saccopteryx bilineata). Moonlight reduced Myotis riparius activity and increased the activity of Pteronotus rubiginosus and S. leptura. Rainfall can promote an irregular activity peak during the night compared to nights without rainfall, but the bats in our study were not active for a longer time after a rainfall event. Our findings indicate that moonlight and temperature are the variables with the highest impact on the activity of tropical insectivorous bat species and that some species are sensitive to small variations in rainfall among and within nights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulliana Appel
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adrià López-Baucells
- Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, Portugal
- Granollers Museum of Natural Sciences, c/Palaudàries, Granollers, Spain
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Guo D, Luo B, Zhang K, Liu M, Metzner W, Liu Y, Feng J. Social vocalizations of big-footed myotis (Myotis macrodactylus) during foraging. Integr Zool 2019; 14:446-459. [PMID: 30585415 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic signals play a crucial role in transmitting information and maintaining social stability in gregarious animals, especially in echolocating bats, which rely primarily on biological sonar for navigating in the dark. In the context of foraging without relying on tactile, visual or olfactory cues, acoustic signals convey information not only on food but also on ownership and defense of resources. However, studies on such information remain fragmentary. In the present study, we aim to document the social vocal repertoire of Myotis macrodactylus at natural foraging sites. Multiple acoustic analyses and spectrographic classification revealed a rich foraging vocal repertoire comprising 6 simple syllables and 2 composites. Discriminant function analyses associated with a subset-validation procedure provided an optimal method to spectrographically classify all recorded sounds into different syllable types. Multidimensional scaling of median values of multiple parameters further confirmed notable differences among these syllables in a 3-D space. In addition, Euclidean distance analysis showed that there were some spectral similarities between specific social vocal syllables and feeding buzzes, which implied a potential jamming role. Altogether, the data indicate that bats at foraging sites under natural conditions used variant social vocalizations with different functions in addition to echolocation calls, providing supporting evidence for further work on the function and vocal mechanisms of acoustic communication in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongge Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation of Ministry of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Kangkang Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Muxun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Walter Metzner
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Gordon R, Ivens S, Ammerman LK, Fenton MB, Littlefair JE, Ratcliffe JM, Clare EL. Molecular diet analysis finds an insectivorous desert bat community dominated by resource sharing despite diverse echolocation and foraging strategies. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:3117-3129. [PMID: 30962885 PMCID: PMC6434550 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interspecific differences in traits can alter the relative niche use of species within the same environment. Bats provide an excellent model to study niche use because they use a wide variety of behavioral, acoustic, and morphological traits that may lead to multi-species, functional groups. Predatory bats have been classified by their foraging location (edge, clutter, open space), ability to use aerial hawking or substrate gleaning and echolocation call design and flexibility, all of which may dictate their prey use. For example, high frequency, broadband calls do not travel far but offer high object resolution while high intensity, low frequency calls travel further but provide lower resolution. Because these behaviors can be flexible, four behavioral categories have been proposed: (a) gleaning, (b) behaviorally flexible (gleaning and hawking), (c) clutter-tolerant hawking, and (d) open space hawking. Many recent studies of diet in bats use molecular tools to identify prey but mainly focus on one or two species in isolation; few studies provide evidence for substantial differences in prey use despite the many behavioral, acoustic, and morphological differences. Here, we analyze the diet of 17 sympatric species in the Chihuahuan desert and test the hypothesis that peak echolocation frequency and behavioral categories are linked to differences in diet. We find no significant correlation between dietary richness and echolocation peak frequency though it spanned close to 100 kHz across species. Our data, however, suggest that bats which use both gleaning and hawking strategies have the broadest diets and are most differentiated from clutter-tolerant aerial hawking species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Gordon
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sally Ivens
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - M. Brock Fenton
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Joanne E. Littlefair
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - John M. Ratcliffe
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth L. Clare
- School of Biological and Chemical SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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Alpízar P, Rodríguez-Herrera B, Jung K. The effect of local land use on aerial insectivorous bats (Chiroptera) within the two dominating crop types in the Northern-Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210364. [PMID: 30645621 PMCID: PMC6333354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Land transformation into agricultural areas and the intensification of management practices represent two of the most devastating threats to biodiversity worldwide. Within this study, we investigated the effect of intensively managed agroecosystems on bat activity and species composition within two focal areas differing in landscape structure. We sampled bats via acoustic monitoring and insects with flight interception traps in banana and pineapple monoculture plantations and two nearby protected forested areas within the area of Sarapiquí, Costa Rica. Our results revealed that general occurrence and feeding activity of bats was higher above plantations compared to forested areas. We also recorded higher species richness at recording sites in plantations. This trend was especially strong within a fragmented landscape, with only four species recorded in forests, but 12 above pineapple plantations. Several bat species, however, occurred only once or twice above plantations, and forest specialist species such as Centronycteris centralis, Myotis riparius and Pteronotus mesoamericanus were only recorded at forest sites. Our results indicated, that mostly mobile open space and edge foraging bat species can use plantations as potential foraging habitat and might even take advantage of temporal insect outbreaks. However, forests are vital refugia for several species, including slower flying forest specialists, and thus a prerequisite to safeguard bat diversity within agricultural dominated landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Alpízar
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Loureiro LO, Gregorin R, Perini FA. Diversity, morphological phylogeny, and distribution of bats of the genus Molossus E. Geoffroy, 1805 (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Brazil. ZOOSYSTEMA 2018. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Oliveira Loureiro
- University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2 (Canada) and Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 – Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG, 31270-901 (Br
| | - Renato Gregorin
- Universidade Federal de Lavras. Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037, Lavras – MG, 37200-000 (Brazil)
| | - Fernando Araujo Perini
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 – Pampulha, Belo Horizonte – MG, 31270-901 (Brazil)
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35
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Penone C, Kerbiriou C, Julien JF, Marmet J, Le Viol I. Body size information in large-scale acoustic bat databases. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5370. [PMID: 30155347 PMCID: PMC6110253 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citizen monitoring programs using acoustic data have been useful for detecting population and community patterns. However, they have rarely been used to study broad scale patterns of species traits. We assessed the potential of acoustic data to detect broad scale patterns in body size. We compared geographical patterns in body size with acoustic signals in the bat species Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Given the correlation between body size and acoustic characteristics, we expected to see similar results when analyzing the relationships of body size and acoustic signals with climatic variables. Methods We assessed body size using forearm length measurements of 1,359 bats, captured by mist nets in France. For acoustic analyses, we used an extensive dataset collected through the French citizen bat survey. We isolated each bat echolocation call (n = 4,783) and performed automatic measures of signals, including the frequency of the flattest part of the calls (characteristic frequency). We then examined the relationship between forearm length, characteristic frequencies, and two components resulting from principal component analysis for geographic (latitude, longitude) and climatic variables. Results Forearm length was positively correlated with higher precipitation, lower seasonality, and lower temperatures. Lower characteristic frequencies (i.e., larger body size) were mostly related to lower temperatures and northern latitudes. While conducted on different datasets, the two analyses provided congruent results. Discussion Acoustic data from citizen science programs can thus be useful for the detection of large-scale patterns in body size. This first analysis offers a new perspective for the use of large acoustic databases to explore biological patterns and to address both theoretical and applied questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kerbiriou
- CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France.,Marine Station, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Concarneau, France
| | - Jean-François Julien
- CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Julie Marmet
- CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Viol
- Marine Station, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Concarneau, France.,CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
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Oliveira TF, Ramalho DF, Mora EC, Aguiar LMS. The acoustic gymnastics of the dwarf dog-faced bat (Molossops temminckii) in environments with different degrees of clutter. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel F Ramalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Emanuel C Mora
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, Faculty of Biology, Havana University, Vedado, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba
| | - Ludmilla M S Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia e Conservação de Morcegos, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro s/n, Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Bohn K, Gillam E. In-flight social calls: a primer for biologists and managers studying echolocation. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have permitted collection of immense data sets through automated recordings that are primarily aimed at capturing bat echolocation. Analyses of echolocation calls are used to identify species, relative abundance, and some aspects of behaviour, such as foraging or commuting. Here we propose that social calls recorded in flight are also valuable tools for understanding bat ecology and behaviour. First, we examine how and why the acoustic structure of social calls differ from echolocation. Differences in form make social calls often, but not always, easy to identify. We then use a case study on in-flight song in Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy, 1824)) to show that what may appear as echolocation may instead be predominantly used for social communication. Next, we review three basic functions of in-flight social calls, including examples of each, and develop a framework for testing these alternative functions using automated recordings. In a second case study, we use automated recordings of the endangered Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus (G.M. Allen, 1932)) to illustrate how behavioural information can be gleaned by examining patterns of social call production. Finally, we discuss why and how social calls provide novel information that can be crucial for conservation and management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.M. Bohn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
| | - E.H. Gillam
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 218 Stevens Hall, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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Estrada-Villegas S, Halczok TK, Tschapka M, Page RA, Brändel SD, Hiller T. Bats and their Bat Flies: Community Composition and Host Specificity on a Pacific Island Archipelago. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.1.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Estrada-Villegas
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881, USA
- Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Colombia PCMCo. Carrera 10 # 65 - 63 - Oficina 201-3, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Tanja K. Halczok
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 14, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rachel A. Page
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
| | - Stefan D. Brändel
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Hiller
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Patterson BD, Webala PW, Bartonjo M, Nziza J, Dick CW, Demos TC. On the taxonomic status and distribution of African species of Otomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4864. [PMID: 29844995 PMCID: PMC5971098 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Free-tailed bats of the genus Otomops are poorly known, and most species are documented from a handful of widely scattered localities. Recently, two allopatric species of Otomops were recognized in continental Africa: Otomops martiensseni (Matschie, 1897) in southern, central and western Africa, and the new species O. harrisoniRalph et al., 2015 in the northeast and in Yemen. Methods We collected additional samples of Otomops in Kenya and Rwanda where the ranges of these taxa approach one another to clarify their geographic ranges and taxonomic status. Mitochondrial and nuclear intron sequences served to identify and delimit species; we also documented their echolocation call variation and ectoparasite complements. Results Otomops martiensseni, the southern African species, was documented in northern Kenya in Marsabit National Park. O. harrisoni, the northeastern African–Arabian species, was documented in southern Kenya and in a cave in Musanze District, Rwanda. Moreover, individuals of both species were found together at the Musanze cave, establishing them in precise spatial and temporal sympatry. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear loci identify no evidence of admixture between these forms, although available samples limit the power of this analysis. Echolocation call differences are also apparent among the three localities we analyzed. Three orders of insects and two families of mites are newly reported as ectoparasites of O. harrisoni. Discussion Our results corroborate species rank for O. harrisoni and establish a zone of potential geographic overlap with O. martiensseni spanning at least 800 km of latitude. The new records establish the species in sympatry in northern Rwanda and add an additional species to the bat faunas of both Kenya and Rwanda. Future studies are needed to understand Otomops roosting requirements and movements, thereby explaining the paucity of known colonies and yielding better estimates of their conservation status. The discovery of mixed roosting associations in Rwanda invites further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce D Patterson
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul W Webala
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya
| | | | - Julius Nziza
- Regional Headquarters, Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project, Musanze, Rwanda
| | - Carl W Dick
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
| | - Terrence C Demos
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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Loureiro LO, Lim BK, Engstrom MD. A new species of mastiff bat (Chiroptera, Molossidae, Molossus ) from Guyana and Ecuador. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kraker-Castañeda C, Santos-Moreno A, Lorenzo C, MacSwiney G. MC. Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the variability of echolocation pulses of Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). BIOACOUSTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09524622.2018.1461685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Kraker-Castañeda
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico
- Unidad para el Conocimiento, Uso y Valoración de la Biodiversidad, Centro de Estudios Conservacionistas (CECON), Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Antonio Santos-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Ecología Animal, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lorenzo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico
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Denzinger A, Tschapka M, Schnitzler HU. The role of echolocation strategies for niche differentiation in bats. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Guilds subdivide bat assemblages into basic structural units of species with similar patterns of habitat use and foraging modes, but do not explain mechanisms of niche differentiation. Bats have evolved four different echolocation strategies allowing the access to four different trophic niche spaces differing in niche dimensions. Bats foraging in open and edge spaces use the “aerial hawking or trawling strategy” and detect and localize prey by evaluating pulse–echo trains in which the prey echo is unmasked. The pulse–echo pairs deliver mainly positional information on the prey and only little information on its nature. Signals are highly variable and are adapted for detection and localization in open space and (or) edge space. In narrow space, bats identify prey by solving a pattern recognition task. Bats using the “flutter detecting strategy” evaluate glint pattern in prey echoes; bats using the “active gleaning strategy” evaluate the spectral–temporal pattern of the prey–clutter echo complex; and bats using the “passive gleaning strategy” evaluate the pattern of prey-generated cues to find food and use echolocation only for spatial orientation. The less variable signals of narrow space bats are adapted for pattern recognition. The diverse and species-rich tropical bat assemblage at Barro Colorado Island, Panama, is here used as an exemplar for assigning bats to guilds, and we discuss the role of echolocation and other adaptations for niche differentiation within guilds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Denzinger
- Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, P.O. Box 0843-03092, Balboa Ancón, Panamá, Republica de Panama
| | - Hans-Ulrich Schnitzler
- Animal Physiology, Institute for Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Uncovering the diversity of dog-faced bats of the genus Cynomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the redescription of C. milleri and the description of two new species. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Russo D, Ancillotto L, Jones G. Bats are still not birds in the digital era: echolocation call variation and why it matters for bat species identification. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The recording and analysis of echolocation calls are fundamental methods used to study bat distribution, ecology, and behavior. However, the goal of identifying bats in flight from their echolocation calls is not always possible. Unlike bird songs, bat calls show large variation that often makes identification challenging. The problem has not been fully overcome by modern digital-based hardware and software for bat call recording and analysis. Besides providing fundamental insights into bat physiology, ecology, and behavior, a better understanding of call variation is therefore crucial to best recognize limits and perspectives of call classification. We provide a comprehensive overview of sources of interspecific and intraspecific echolocation call variations, illustrating its adaptive significance and highlighting gaps in knowledge. We remark that further research is needed to better comprehend call variation and control for it more effectively in sound analysis. Despite the state-of-art technology in this field, combining acoustic surveys with capture and roost search, as well as limiting identification to species with distinctive calls, still represent the safest way of conducting bat surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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Fu Y, Kloepper LN. A systematic method for isolating, tracking and discriminating time-frequency components of bat echolocation calls. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 143:716. [PMID: 29495687 DOI: 10.1121/1.5023205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Echolocating bats can rapidly modify frequency modulation (FM) curvatures of their calls when facing challenging echolocation tasks. Frequency parameters, such as start/end/peak frequency, have often been extracted from the time-frequency domain to study the call variation. Even though this kind of signal investigation method reveals important findings, these approaches to analyze bat echolocation calls use bulk parameters, which hide subtleties in the call structure that may be important to the bat. In some cases, calls can have the same start and end frequencies but have different FM curvatures, and subsequently may influence the sensory task performance. In the present study, the authors demonstrate an algorithm using a combination of digital filters, power limited time-frequency information, derivative dynamic time warping, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering to extract and categorize the time-frequency components (TFCs) of 21 calls from Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) to quantitatively compare FM curvatures. The detailed curvature analysis shows an alternative perspective to look into the TFCs and hence serves as the preliminary step to understand the adaptive call design of bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fu
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College, 149 Le Mans Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Laura N Kloepper
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's College, 149 Le Mans Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Braun de Torrez EC, Ober HK, McCleery RA. Critically imperiled forest fragment supports bat diversity and activity within a subtropical grassland. J Mammal 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyx169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Silva CR, Bernard E. Bioacoustics as an Important Complementary Tool in Bat Inventories in the Caatinga Drylands of Brazil. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Enrico Bernard
- Laboratório de Ciência Aplicada à Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Rua Professor Nelson Chaves s/n, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
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McGregor M, Matthews K, Jones D. Vegetated Fauna Overpass Disguises Road Presence and Facilitates Permeability for Forest Microbats in Brisbane, Australia. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Braun de Torrez EC, Wallrichs MA, Ober HK, McCleery RA. Mobile acoustic transects miss rare bat species: implications of survey method and spatio-temporal sampling for monitoring bats. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3940. [PMID: 29134138 PMCID: PMC5682100 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increasing threats facing bats, long-term monitoring protocols are needed to inform conservation strategies. Effective monitoring should be easily repeatable while capturing spatio-temporal variation. Mobile acoustic driving transect surveys ('mobile transects') have been touted as a robust, cost-effective method to monitor bats; however, it is not clear how well mobile transects represent dynamic bat communities, especially when used as the sole survey approach. To assist biologists who must select a single survey method due to resource limitations, we assessed the effectiveness of three acoustic survey methods at detecting species richness in a vast protected area (Everglades National Park): (1) mobile transects, (2) stationary surveys that were strategically located by sources of open water and (3) stationary surveys that were replicated spatially across the landscape. We found that mobile transects underrepresented bat species richness compared to stationary surveys across all major vegetation communities and in two distinct seasons (dry/cool and wet/warm). Most critically, mobile transects failed to detect three rare bat species, one of which is federally endangered. Spatially replicated stationary surveys did not estimate higher species richness than strategically located stationary surveys, but increased the rate at which species were detected in one vegetation community. The survey strategy that detected maximum species richness and the highest mean nightly species richness with minimal effort was a strategically located stationary detector in each of two major vegetation communities during the wet/warm season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Braun de Torrez
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Megan A Wallrichs
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Holly K Ober
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Robert A McCleery
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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