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Artime E, Romera I, Díaz-Cerezo S, Delgado E. Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:1631-1659. [PMID: 33942247 PMCID: PMC8179862 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objectives of this systematic literature review were to identify and synthesize published data describing the epidemiology and mortality of CVD in the T2DM population and the associated economic burden. METHODS We conducted a systematic review searching the PubMed and MEDES databases from 2009 to 2019 using predefined selection criteria. Peer-reviewed observational studies reporting primary or secondary data on CVD prevalence, incidence, mortality, resource use and costs in patients with T2DM in Spain, written in English and Spanish, were included. Data were tabulated and summarized descriptively. RESULTS Of 706 articles identified, 52 were included in the review. Most studies were based on data from hospital discharge databases and registries. The reported prevalence of CVD among patients with T2DM ranged from 6.9 to 40.8%. The prevalence of coronary heart disease ranged from 4.7 to 37%, stroke from 3.5 to 19.6%, peripheral artery disease from 2.5 to 13.0%, and heart failure from 4.3 to 20.1%. In-hospital CVD mortality rates ranged from 5.6 to 10.8%. Direct costs due to CVD in hospitalized patients with T2DM were increased (> 50%) compared with patients without CVD. No studies analysed indirect costs of CVD in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The burden of CVD among patients with T2DM, combined with the elevated costs of care, highlights the importance of early prevention as part of integrated management of the disease to improve clinical and economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Artime
- Eli Lilly and Company, Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Romera
- Eli Lilly and Company, Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Cerezo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Avda. de la Industria 30, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Are there sex differences in the effect of type 2 diabetes in the incidence and outcomes of myocardial infarction? A matched-pair analysis using hospital discharge data. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:81. [PMID: 33888124 PMCID: PMC8063379 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze incidence, use of therapeutic procedures, and in-hospital outcomes in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) according to the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Spain (2016-2018) and to investigate sex differences. METHODS Using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database, we estimated the incidence of myocardial infarctions (MI) in men and women with and without T2DM aged ≥ 40 years. We analyzed comorbidity, procedures, and outcomes. We matched each man and woman with T2DM with a non-T2DM man and woman of identical age, MI code, and year of hospitalization. Propensity score matching was used to compare men and women with T2DM. RESULTS MI was coded in 109,759 men and 44,589 women (30.47% with T2DM). The adjusted incidence of STEMI (IRR 2.32; 95% CI 2.28-2.36) and NSTEMI (IRR 2.91; 95% CI 2.88-2.94) was higher in T2DM than non-T2DM patients, with higher IRRs for NSTEMI in both sexes. The incidence of STEMI and NSTEMI was higher in men with T2DM than in women with T2DM. After matching, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was less frequent among T2DM men than non-T2DM men who had STEMI and NSTEMI. Women with T2DM and STEMI less frequently had a code for PCI that matched that of non-T2DM women. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was higher among T2DM women with STEMI and NSTEMI than in matched non-T2DM women. In men, IHM was higher only for NSTEMI. Propensity score matching showed higher use of PCI and coronary artery bypass graft and lower IHM among men with T2DM than women with T2DM for both STEMI and NSTEMI. CONCLUSIONS T2DM is associated with a higher incidence of STEMI and NSTEMI in both sexes. Men with T2DM had higher incidence rates of STEMI and NSTEMI than women with T2DM. Having T2DM increased the risk of IHM after STEMI and NSTEMI among women and among men only for NSTEMI. PCI appears to be less frequently used in T2DM patients After STEMI and NSTEMI, women with T2DM less frequently undergo revascularization procedures and have a higher mortality risk than T2DM men.
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Lara-Rojas CM, Pérez-Belmonte LM, López-Carmona MD, Guijarro-Merino R, Bernal-López MR, Gómez-Huelgas R. National trends in diabetes mellitus hospitalization in Spain 1997-2010: Analysis of over 5.4 millions of admissions. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 60:83-89. [PMID: 30100217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze national trends in the rates of hospitalizations (all-cause and by principal discharge diagnosis) in total diabetic population of Spain. METHODS We carried out a nation-wide population-based study of all diabetic patients hospitalized between 1997 and 2010. All-cause hospitalizations, hospitalizations by principal discharge diagnosis, mean age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, readmission rates and length of hospital stay were examined. Annual rates adjusted for age and sex were analyzed and trends were calculated. RESULTS Over 14-years-period, all-cause hospitalizations of diabetic patients increased significantly, with an average annual percentage change of 2.5 (95%CI: 1.5-3.5; Ptrend < 0.01). The greatest increase was observed in heart failure (5.4; 95%CI: 4.8-6.0; Ptrend < 0.001), followed by neoplasms (4.9; 95%CI: 3.6-5.8; Ptrend < 0.001), pneumonia (2.7; 95%CI: 2.0-4.0; Ptrend < 0.001), stroke (2.4; 95%CI: 1.6-3.4; Ptrend < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.0; 95%CI: 1.4-3.4; Ptrend < 0.001) and coronary artery disease (1.6; 95%CI: 1.1-2.3; Ptrend < 0.01). The adjusted number of all-cause hospitalizations of patients with diabetes per 100,000 inhabitants increased 2.6-fold. The increase in hospitalizations was significantly higher among patients ≥75 years old. Males experienced a greater increase in all-cause, neoplasm, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia hospitalizations (p < 0.01 for all). Hospitalized diabetic patients were progressively older and had more comorbidities, higher readmission rates and shorter hospital stays (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Hospitalizations of diabetic patients more than doubled in Spain during the study period. Heart failure and neoplasms experienced the greatest annual increases and remained the principal causes of hospitalization, probably associated with advanced age and comorbidities of hospitalized diabetics. Coronary and cerebrovascular diseases experienced a lower annual increase, suggesting an improvement in cardiovascular care in diabetes in Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Lara-Rojas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis M Pérez-Belmonte
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María D López-Carmona
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro-Merino
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - María R Bernal-López
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Harding JL, Pavkov ME, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Gregg EW. Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence. Diabetologia 2019; 62:3-16. [PMID: 30171279 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, large increases in diabetes prevalence have been demonstrated in virtually all regions of the world. The increase in the number of people with diabetes or with a longer duration of diabetes is likely to alter the disease profile in many populations around the globe, particularly due to a higher incidence of diabetes-specific complications, such as kidney failure and peripheral arterial disease. The epidemiology of other conditions frequently associated with diabetes, including infections and cardiovascular disease, may also change, with direct effects on quality of life, demands on health services and economic costs. The current understanding of the international burden of and variation in diabetes-related complications is poor. The available data suggest that rates of myocardial infarction, stroke and amputation are decreasing among people with diabetes, in parallel with declining mortality. However, these data predominantly come from studies in only a few high-income countries. Trends in other complications of diabetes, such as end-stage renal disease, retinopathy and cancer, are less well explored. In this review, we synthesise data from population-based studies on trends in diabetes complications, with the objectives of: (1) characterising recent and long-term trends in diabetes-related complications; (2) describing regional variation in the excess risk of complications, where possible; and (3) identifying and prioritising gaps for future surveillance and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Harding
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS-F75, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Meda E Pavkov
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS-F75, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward W Gregg
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS-F75, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
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de Miguel-Yanes JM, Jiménez-García R, Hernández-Barrera V, Méndez-Bailón M, de Miguel-Díez J, Lopez-de-Andrés A. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on in-hospital-mortality after major cardiovascular events in Spain (2002-2014). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:126. [PMID: 29017514 PMCID: PMC5635492 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has long been associated with cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, the higher burden of traditional cardiovascular risk factors reported in high-income countries is offset by a more widespread use of preventive measures and revascularization or other invasive procedures. The aim of this investigation is to describe trends in number of cases and outcomes, in-hospital mortality (IHM) and length of hospital stay (LHS), of hospital admissions for major cardiovascular events between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and matched non-diabetes patients. METHODS Retrospective study using National Hospital Discharge Database, analyzed in 4 years 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, in Spain. We included patients (≥ 40 years old) with a primary diagnosis of myocardial infarction, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, aortic aneurysm and dissection and acute lower limb ischemia in people with T2DM. Cases were matched with controls (without T2DM) by ICD-9-CM codes, sex, age, province of residence and year. RESULTS We selected 130,011 matched couples (50,427 with myocardial infarction, 60,236 with stroke, 2599 with aortic aneurysm and dissection and 16,749 with acute lower limb ischemia. Among T2DM patients we found increasing numbers of admissions overtime for stroke (10,794 in 2002 vs 17,559 in 2014), aortic aneurysm and dissection (390 vs 841) and acute lower limb ischemia (3854 vs. 4548). People were progressively older (except for myocardial infarction), had more comorbidities (especially T2DM patients), and were more frequently coded overtime for cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension, lipid disorders) and renal diseases. LHS and IHM declined overtime, though IHM only did it significantly in T2DM patients. Multivariable adjustment showed that T2DM patients had a significantly 15% higher mortality rate during admission for myocardial infarction, a 6% higher mortality for stroke, and a 6% higher mortality rate for "all cardiovascular events combined", than non-diabetic matched controls. CONCLUSIONS The number of hospital admissions for stroke, aortic aneurysm and dissection and acute lower limb ischemia increased overtime, but remained stable for myocardial infarction. T2DM is associated to higher IHM after major cardiovascular events. Further research is needed to help us understand the reasons for an apparently increased mortality in T2DM patients when admitted to hospital for some major cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. de Miguel-Yanes
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Comunidad De Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Jiménez-García
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcon, Madrid, Comunidad De Madrid Spain
| | - Valentín Hernández-Barrera
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcon, Madrid, Comunidad De Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Méndez-Bailón
- Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Comunidad De Madrid Spain
| | - Javier de Miguel-Díez
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Comunidad De Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Lopez-de-Andrés
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Teaching and Research Unit, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avda. de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcon, Madrid, Comunidad De Madrid Spain
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Jung CH, Chung JO, Han K, Ko SH, Ko KS, Park JY. Improved trends in cardiovascular complications among subjects with type 2 diabetes in Korea: a nationwide study (2006-2013). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:1. [PMID: 28057001 PMCID: PMC5216535 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Representative data on the secular trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are limited in Asian populations with diabetes. We aimed to estimate the temporal trends in cardiovascular complications using Korean nationwide whole population-based claims data in subjects with and without diabetes. Methods Type 2 diabetes was defined as a current medication history of anti-diabetic drugs and the presence of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes (E11–E14) as diagnosis. We compared the 8-year rates of six cardiovascular complications [i.e., ischemic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)] in Korean adults aged 30 years and older using data from four consecutive nationwide databases (2006–2007, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, and 2012–2013) of Korean national health insurance service. Results A total of 1,645,348, 1,971,559, 2,291,247, and 2,562,612 subjects with type 2 diabetes were found in the year of 2006–2007, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, and 2012–2013, respectively. Age and gender standardized rates of the six predefined cardiovascular complications decreased in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes during the study period. The greatest relative reductions were observed for hospitalization due to AMI (−37.28%), followed by hospitalizations due to ischemic stroke (−36.98%). In the overall population without type 2 diabetes, the greatest relative reductions were observed for hospitalization for hemorrhagic stroke (−29.47%), followed by hospitalization due to ischemic stroke (−28.92%). Relative decreases in all six predefined cardiovascular complications were generally more profound in adults with diabetes than in those without diabetes, which led to significant decrease in the relative risks of all six cardiovascular complications in subjects with diabetes over the past 8 years. However, people with diabetes still had a two- to sixfold higher risk of hospitalization for major CVD events and interventions than people without diabetes. Conclusions Our findings suggest a significant reduction in the rate of people affected by CVD within the diabetic population. However, as the number of people with diabetes rises, the absolute burden of CVD will still be high in Korea. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0482-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, Songpa-gu, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jin Ook Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Depatment of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 1342 Dongil-ro, Seoul, Nowon-gu, 139-707, South Korea.
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul, Songpa-gu, 05505, South Korea.
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Wu Y, Leng Y, Meng Q, Xue R, Zhao B, Zhan L, Xia Z. Suppression of Excessive Histone Deacetylases Activity in Diabetic Hearts Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Mitochondria Apoptosis Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8208065. [PMID: 28191472 PMCID: PMC5278197 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8208065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a pivotal role in signaling modification and gene transcriptional regulation that are essential for cardiovascular pathophysiology. Diabetic hearts with higher HDACs activity were more vulnerable to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury compared with nondiabetic hearts. We are curious about whether suppression of excessive HDACs activity in diabetic heart protects against MI/R injury. Methods. Diabetic rats were subjected to 45 min of ischemia, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to high glucose for 24 h, followed by 4 h of hypoxia and 2 h of reoxygenation (H/R). Results. Both MI/R injury and diabetes mellitus elevated myocardium HDACs activity. MI/R induced apoptotic cell death was significantly decreased in diabetic rats treated with HDACs inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). TSA administration markedly moderated dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, protected the integrity of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), and decreased cell apoptosis. Notably, cotreatment with Akt inhibitor partly or absolutely inhibited the protective effect of TSA in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, TSA administration activated Akt/Foxo3a pathway, leading to Foxo3a cytoplasm translocation and attenuation proapoptosis protein Bim expression. Conclusions. Both diabetes mellitus and MI/R injury increased cardiac HDACs activity. Suppression of HDACs activity triggered protective effects against MI/R and H/R injury under hyperglycemia conditions through Akt-modulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathways via Foxo3a/Bim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
- *Zhongyuan Xia:
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Orozco-Beltrán D, Sánchez E, Garrido A, Quesada JA, Carratalá-Munuera MC, Gil-Guillén VF. Trends in Mortality From Diabetes Mellitus in Spain: 1998-2013. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 70:433-443. [PMID: 27825716 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading causes of death, mainly due to cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to describe DM mortality in Spain from 1998 to 2013 and to compare it between distinct provinces. METHODS Ecological time-trend study. Data sources consisted of the population register and the death rate figures, by cause of death, from Spain's National Statistics Institute. Rates were age-standardized by the direct method. Standardized mortality rates were calculated for each province every 5 years (1998-2013). Time trends in mortality were established by joint point regression models. RESULTS The standardized mortality rate for DM fell markedly, by 25.3% in men and by 41.4% in women from 1998 to 2013. At the beginning of the study period, mortality rates were higher in southern than in northern regions, but this difference gradually disappeared in later years. The highest mortality rates were consistently found in the Canary Islands. CONCLUSIONS Mortality from DM fell substantially from 1998 to 2013. The marked geographical clustering showing higher mortality in the south and southeastern areas of the country was significantly reduced during the study period, except in the Canary Islands, where mortality remains strikingly high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Eva Sánchez
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Garrido
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Antonio Quesada
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Vicente F Gil-Guillén
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Bauters C, Lemesle G, de Groote P, Lamblin N. A systematic review and meta-regression of temporal trends in the excess mortality associated with diabetes mellitus after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2016; 217:109-21. [PMID: 27179900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It is not well known whether the gap in outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI) between patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) has changed over time. We performed a systematic review and metaregression of temporal trends in the excess mortality associated with DM after MI. METHODS We searched the PubMed database for studies reporting mortality data according to diabetic status in patients hospitalized for MI or acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We included 139 studies/cohorts for analysis (432,066 diabetic patients and 1,182,108 nondiabetic patients). RESULTS When compared to their non-diabetic counterparts, patients with DM had an odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] of 1.66 [1.59-1.74] (P<0.0001) for early mortality, and of 1.86 [1.75-1.97] (P<0.0001) for 6-12months mortality. When all data from the 116 studies reporting early mortality were pooled, there was no significant relationship between calendar year and Log (OR). Likewise, when considering the 61 studies reporting 6-12months mortality, there was no significant relationship between calendar year and Log (OR). Similar to the overall pooled analysis, no significant relationship between inclusion year and Log (OR) for mortality in diabetic patients was observed in sensitivity analyses performed in studies with ST-elevation MI as inclusion criteria, in randomized trials, in studies including >2000 patients, and in studies with DM prevalence >20%. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence for temporal changes in the incremental mortality risk associated with DM in the setting of MI. The improvements in management of MI patients during the last decades have not been associated with a reduction of the gap between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Bauters
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Gilles Lemesle
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pascal de Groote
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Lamblin
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; Faculté de Médecine de Lille, Lille, France
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