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Sullivan R, Hou J, Yu L, Wilk B, Sykes J, Biernaski H, Butler J, Kovacs M, Hicks J, Thiessen JD, Dharmakumar R, Prato FS, Wisenberg G, Luyt LG, Dhanvantari S. Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Evaluation of a High-Affinity 18F-Labeled Radioligand for Myocardial Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Before and After Myocardial Infarction. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:1633-1639. [PMID: 39266294 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.267578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone ghrelin is produced in cardiomyocytes and acts through the myocardial growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) to promote cardiomyocyte survival. Administration of ghrelin may have therapeutic effects on post-myocardial infarction (MI) outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to develop molecular imaging probes that can track the dynamics of GHSR in health and disease to better predict the effectiveness of ghrelin-based therapeutics. We designed a high-affinity GHSR ligand labeled with 18F for imaging by PET and characterized its in vivo properties in a canine model of MI. Methods: We rationally designed and radiolabeled with 18F a quinazolinone derivative ([18F]LCE470) with subnanomolar binding affinity to GHSR. We determined the sensitivity and in vivo and ex vivo specificity of [18F]LCE470 in a canine model of surgically induced MI using PET/MRI, which allowed for anatomic localization of tracer uptake and simultaneous determination of global cardiac function. Uptake of [18F]LCE470 was determined by time-activity curve and SUV analysis in 3 regions of the left ventricle-area of infarct, territory served by the left circumflex coronary artery, and remote myocardium-over a period of 1.5 y. Changes in cardiac perfusion were tracked by [13N]NH3 PET. Results: The receptor binding affinity of LCE470 was measured at 0.33 nM, the highest known receptor binding affinity for a radiolabeled GHSR ligand. In vivo blocking studies in healthy hounds and ex vivo blocking studies in myocardial tissue showed the specificity of [18F]LCE470, and sensitivity was demonstrated by a positive correlation between tracer uptake and GHSR abundance. Post-MI changes in [18F]LCE470 uptake occurred independently of perfusion tracer distributions and changes in global cardiac function. We found that the regional distribution of [18F]LCE470 within the left ventricle diverged significantly within 1 d after MI and remained that way throughout the 1.5-y duration of the study. Conclusion: [18F]LCE470 is a high-affinity PET tracer that can detect changes in the regional distribution of myocardial GHSR after MI. In vivo PET molecular imaging of the global dynamics of GHSR may lead to improved GHSR-based therapeutics in the treatment of post-MI remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sullivan
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lihai Yu
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Wilk
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Sykes
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Biernaski
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Butler
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kovacs
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin Hicks
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Frank S Prato
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald Wisenberg
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonard G Luyt
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry, Oncology, and Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Imaging Research Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada;
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Chen Y, Tu Y, Du L, Nan R, Ren Y. Warming Yang Promoting Blood Circulation and Diuresis Alleviates Myocardial Damage by Inhibiting Collagen Fiber and Myocardial Fibrosis and Attenuating Mitochondria Signaling Pathway Mediated Apoptosis in Chronic Heart Failure Rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 263:141-150. [PMID: 38522897 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2024.j022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Warming Yang promoting blood circulation and diuresis (WYPBD) has been proven effective in treating some diseases. This study aimed to evaluate therapeutic effect of WYPBD in treating chronic heart failure (CHF). CHF rats were established by intraperitoneally injecting doxorubicin (DOX). Therapeutic effects of WYPBD on cardiac function and hemodynamic parameters of myocardial tissues were analyzed. Collagen fiber production and myocardial fibrosis were evaluated. Transcriptions of COL1A1 gene, COL3A1 gene, and TGFB1 gene were evaluated with RT-PCR. Expression of BNP, AVP, PARP, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 in myocardial tissues were evaluated. TUNEL assay was used to identify apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. WYPBD alleviated degree of myocardial hypertrophy in CHF rats compared to the rats in CHF model group (P < 0.05). WYPBD significantly improved cardiac hemodynamics (increased LVEF and LVSF) of CHF rats compared to rats in the CHF model group (P < 0.05). WYPBD protected myocardial structure and inhibited collagen fiber production in myocardial tissues of CHF rats. WYPBD markedly decreased myocardial fibrosis mediators (Col1α, Col3α, TGF-β1) transcription in myocardial tissues of CHF rats compared to rats in CHF model group (P < 0.05). WYPBD significantly reduced BNP and AVP expression in myocardial tissues of CHF rats compared to rats in the CHF model group (P < 0.05). WYPBD markedly reduced the expression of PRAP and caspase-3, and increased Bcl-2 expression in myocardial tissues of CHF rats compared to rats in the CHF model group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, WYPBD alleviated CHF myocardial damage by inhibiting collagen fiber and myocardial fibrosis, attenuating apoptosis associated with the mitochondria signaling pathway of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Classical Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yadan Tu
- Department of Classical Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Classical Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ruixue Nan
- Department of Classical Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Classical Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Lund LH, Hage C, Pironti G, Thorvaldsen T, Ljung-Faxén U, Zabarovskaja S, Shahgaldi K, Webb DL, Hellström PM, Andersson DC, Ståhlberg M. Acyl ghrelin improves cardiac function in heart failure and increases fractional shortening in cardiomyocytes without calcium mobilization. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:2009-2025. [PMID: 36916707 PMCID: PMC10256198 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ghrelin is an endogenous appetite-stimulating peptide hormone with potential cardiovascular benefits. Effects of acylated (activated) ghrelin were assessed in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in ex vivo mouse cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial, 31 patients with chronic HFrEF were randomized to synthetic human acyl ghrelin (0.1 µg/kg/min) or placebo intravenously over 120 min. The primary outcome was change in cardiac output (CO). Isolated mouse cardiomyocytes were treated with acyl ghrelin and fractional shortening and calcium transients were assessed. Acyl ghrelin but not placebo increased cardiac output (acyl ghrelin: 4.08 ± 1.15 to 5.23 ± 1.98 L/min; placebo: 4.26 ± 1.23 to 4.11 ± 1.99 L/min, P < 0.001). Acyl ghrelin caused a significant increase in stroke volume and nominal increases in left ventricular ejection fraction and segmental longitudinal strain and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. There were no effects on blood pressure, arrhythmias, or ischaemia. Heart rate decreased nominally (acyl ghrelin: 71 ± 11 to 67 ± 11 b.p.m.; placebo 69 ± 8 to 68 ± 10 b.p.m.). In cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased fractional shortening, did not affect cellular Ca2+ transients, and reduced troponin I phosphorylation. The increase in fractional shortening and reduction in troponin I phosphorylation was blocked by the acyl ghrelin antagonist D-Lys 3. CONCLUSION In patients with HFrEF, acyl ghrelin increased cardiac output without causing hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, or ischaemia. In isolated cardiomyocytes, acyl ghrelin increased contractility independently of preload and afterload and without Ca2+ mobilization, which may explain the lack of clinical side effects. Ghrelin treatment should be explored in additional randomized trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05277415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Lund
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Norrbacka, S1:02, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Hage
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Norrbacka, S1:02, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluigi Pironti
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tonje Thorvaldsen
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Norrbacka, S1:02, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ljung-Faxén
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stanislava Zabarovskaja
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kambiz Shahgaldi
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sunderby Hospital, 971 80 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Dominic-Luc Webb
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel C Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Norrbacka, S1:02, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Solnavägen 9 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlberg
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, D1:04, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Norrbacka, S1:02, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Effect of sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and ileal transposition on myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in non-obese non-diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23888. [PMID: 34903800 PMCID: PMC8668951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) improves outcomes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Here we tested the hypothesis that BS-mediated reduction in fatal MI could be attributed to its infarct-limiting effect. Wistar rats were randomized into five groups: control (CON), sham (SHAM), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and ileotransposition (IT). Ten weeks later, animals were subjected to 30-min myocardial ischemia plus 120-min reperfusion. Infarct size (IS) and no-reflow area were determined histochemically. Fasting plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leptin, ghrelin, and insulin were measured using ELISA. Compared with SHAM, RYGB and SG reduced IS by 22% (p = 0.011) and 10% (p = 0.027), and no-reflow by 38% (p = 0.01) and 32% (p = 0.004), respectively. IT failed to reduce IS and no-reflow. GLP-1 level was increased in the SG and RYGB groups compared with CON. In both the SG and RYGB, leptin level was decreased compared with CON and SHAM. In the SG group, ghrelin level was lower than that in the CON and SHAM. Insulin levels were not different between groups. In conclusion, RYGB and SG increased myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury of non-obese, non-diabetic rats, and their infarct-limiting effect is associated with decreased leptin and ghrelin levels and increased GLP-1 level.
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Chen Y, Zhou S, Zhang A, Huang J, Zhang G, Cui L. Temporal changes and prognostic value of plasma ghrelin level in patients with acute heart failure: a prospective study. Heart Vessels 2021; 37:419-425. [PMID: 34533592 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma ghrelin levels can be elevated in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). This study aimed to analyze the temporal changes and prognostic value of ghrelin levels in patients with AHF. METHODS This prospective study included patients with AHF at the Cardiology Department, Weifang People's Hospital (May 2018-October 2019), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma ghrelin levels were measured. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate whether ghrelin levels could predict major cardiac adverse events (MACEs) during a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Finally, 92 patients with AHF and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Ghrelin levels were higher in patients with AHF at 1, 3, 12, and 24 h compared with controls (all P < 0.01). Ghrelin levels in the AHF group were higher at 3 and 12 h than at 1 and 24 h (P < 0.001). Ghrelin level at 3 h in patients with AHF was negatively correlated with the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction (both P < 0.05). MACEs occurred in 48 patients with AHF. Ghrelin levels were higher in the MACE group than in the non-MACE group at 1 (P = 0.011) and 3 h (P = 0.034). Multivariable regression showed that ghrelin level at 3 h was independently associated with MACEs [OR = 0.629, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.515-0.742, P = 0.010], but the area under the ROC curve was only 0.629 (95% CI 0.515-0.742). CONCLUSIONS Plasma ghrelin levels are elevated in AHF and patients with MACEs during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Cardioangiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Sani Zhou
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Aiyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardioangiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cardioangiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Guangfang Zhang
- Department of Cardioangiology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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6
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Badi R. Acylated Ghrelin Attenuates l-Thyroxin-induced Cardiac Damage in Rats by Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects and Downregulating Components of the Cardiac Renin-angiotensin System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:422-436. [PMID: 34132689 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the protective effect of acylated ghrelin (AG) against l-thyroxin (l-Thy)-induced cardiac damage in rats and examined possible mechanisms. Male rats were divided into five intervention groups of 12 rats/group: control, control + AG, l-Thy, l-Thy + AG, and l-Thy + AG + [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (AG antagonist). l-Thy significantly reduced the levels of AG and des-acyl ghrelin and the AG to des-acyl ghrelin ratio. Administration of AG to l-Thy-treated rats reduced cardiac weights and levels of reactive oxygen species and preserved the function and structure of the left ventricle. In addition, AG also reduced the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c and prevented mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In the left ventricle of both control + AG-treated and l-Thy + AG-treated rats, AG significantly increased left ventricular levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), total glutathione (GSH), and Bcl2. It also reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and Bax and the nuclear activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. Concomitantly, in both treated groups, AG reduced the mRNA and protein levels of NADPH oxidase 1, angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor, and Ang-converting enzyme 2. All the beneficial effects of AG in l-Thy-treated rats were prevented by the coadministration of [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6, a selective growth hormone secretagogue receptor subtype 1a antagonist. In conclusion, AG protects against hyperthyroidism-induced cardiac hypertrophy and damage, which is mainly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials and requires the activation of GHS-R1a.
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MESH Headings
- Acylation
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ghrelin/analogs & derivatives
- Ghrelin/metabolism
- Ghrelin/pharmacology
- Hyperthyroidism/chemically induced
- Hyperthyroidism/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Nitrogen Species/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Thyroxine
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Badi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia ; and
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Regional Differences in the Ghrelin-Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Signalling System in Human Heart Disease. CJC Open 2020; 3:182-194. [PMID: 33644732 PMCID: PMC7893201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hormone ghrelin and its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) are expressed in myocardium. GHSR binding activates signalling pathways coupled to cardiomyocyte survival and contractility. These properties have made the ghrelin-GHSR axis a candidate for a biomarker of cardiac function. The dynamics of ghrelin-GHSR are altered significantly in late stages of heart failure (HF) and cardiomyopathy, when left ventricular (LV) function is failing. We examined the relationship of GHSR with ghrelin in cardiac tissue from patients with valvular disease with no detectable changes in LV function. Methods Biopsy samples from the left ventricle and left atrium were obtained from 25 patients with valvular disease (of whom 13 also had coronary artery disease) and preserved LV ejection fraction, and compared to control samples obtained via autopsy. Using quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy, levels of GHSR were determined using [Dpr3(n-octanoyl),Lys19(sulfo-Cy5)]ghrelin(1-19), and immunofluorescence determined ghrelin, the heart failure marker natriuretic peptide type-B (BNP), and contractility marker sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase pump (SERCA2a). Results A positive correlation between GHSR and ghrelin was apparent in only diseased tissue. Ghrelin and BNP significantly correlated in the left ventricle and strongly colocalized to the same intracellular compartment in diseased and control tissue. GHSR, ghrelin, and BNP all strongly and significantly correlated with SERCA2a in the left ventricle of diseased tissue only. Conclusions Our results suggest that the dynamics of the myocardial ghrelin-GHSR axis is altered in cardiovascular disease in the absence of measurable changes in heart function, and might accompany a regional shift in endocrine programming.
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Yuan Y, Huang F, Deng C, Zhu P. The Additional Prognostic Value of Ghrelin for Mortality and Readmission in Elderly Patients with Acute Heart Failure. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1353-1363. [PMID: 32848376 PMCID: PMC7429106 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s259889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of ghrelin, a growth hormone-releasing peptide, for mortality and readmission in elderly patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Patients and Methods We measured plasma ghrelin and pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels upon emergency admission in 241 prospectively recruited elderly AHF patients (61.0% men). The outcomes were all-cause mortality and/or readmission due to heart failure (HF). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of ghrelin. Discrimination, calibration, and reclassification indices were compared between models, with or without ghrelin. Results During 1.2 years of follow-up, we observed 90 events (57 deaths and 33 readmissions due to HF). Plasma ghrelin levels were significantly elevated in elderly AHF patients, when compared to healthy control subjects (P < 0.001). Patients with events had significantly higher baseline ghrelin levels, when compared to those without (P < 0.001). Ghrelin levels were positively correlated with NT-proBNP levels and HF severity, whereas they were negatively correlated with nutritional status (all P < 0.05). Log transformed ghrelin levels were independently associated with AHF events (hazard ratio = 2.64, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–6.25, P = 0.028). The incorporation of ghrelin into the reference model, or reference with the NT-proBNP model, both improved C-statistics (from 0.742–0.780 and 0.836–0.857; P = 0.074 and 0.044, respectively), resulting in an improvement in net reclassification index (14.42% and 10.45%, P = 0.020 and 0.025, respectively), and integrated discrimination index (5.64% and 3.60%, both P < 0.001). Patients who displayed the above NT-proBNP and ghrelin median levels had a markedly higher risk of AHF adverse events (P < 0.001). Conclusion Plasma ghrelin is an independent predictor of adverse events in elderly AHF patients. Ghrelin may provide additional value to clinical parameters or NT-proBNP for prognostic risk stratification in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Huang
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Deng
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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Exogenous Ghrelin Increases Plasma Insulin Level in Diabetic Rats. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040633. [PMID: 32325912 PMCID: PMC7226305 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide, is a strong growth hormone secretagogue and a regulator of food intake. In addition, ghrelin is thought to play a role in insulin secretion and in glucose homeostasis. A lot of contradictory data have been reported in the literature regarding the co-localization of ghrelin with other hormones in the islet of Langerhans, its role in insulin secretion and attenuation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigate the effect of chronic ghrelin treatment on glucose, body weight and insulin level in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats. We have also examined the distribution pattern and co-localization of ghrelin with insulin in pancreatic islet cells using immunohistochemistry and immune-electron microscopy and the ability of ghrelin to stimulate insulin release from the CRL11065 beta cell line. Control, non-diabetic groups received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, while treated groups received intraperitoneal injection of 5 µg/kg body weight of ghrelin (amino acid chain 24–51) on a daily basis for a duration of four weeks. Our results show that the administration of ghrelin increases the number of insulin-secreting beta cells and serum insulin level in both normal and diabetic rats. We also demonstrated that ghrelin co-localizes with insulin in pancreatic islet cells and that the pattern of ghrelin distribution is altered after the onset of diabetes. Moreover, ghrelin at a dose of 10−6 M and 10−12 M increased insulin release from the CRL11065 beta cell line. In summary, ghrelin co-localizes with insulin in the secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells and enhances insulin production.
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de Paula Silva F, da Costa CMB, Pereira LM, Lessa DFS, Pitol DL, Issa JPM, do Prado Júnior JC, Abrahão AAC. Effects of ghrelin supplementation on the acute phase of Chagas disease in rats. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:532. [PMID: 31706334 PMCID: PMC6842500 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, which is endemic to subtropical and tropical Americas. The disease treatment remains partially ineffective, involving therapies directed to the parasite as well as palliative strategies for the clinical manifestations. Therefore, novel candidates for disease control are necessary. Additionally, strategies based on parasite inhibition via specific targets and application of compounds which improve the immune response against the disease is welcomed. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone pointed as a substance with important cardioprotective, vasodilatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and immune modulatory functions. The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of ghrelin in male Wistar rats infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. Methods In order to delineate an immune response against T. cruzi mediated by ghrelin, we evaluated the following parameters: quantification of blood and cardiac parasites; analysis of cell markers (CD3+, CD8+, NK, NKT, CD45RA+, macrophage and RT1B+); nitric oxide (NO) production; lymphoproliferation assays; splenocyte apoptosis; and INF-γ, IL-12 and IL-6 quantification in sera. Results The animals infected with T. cruzi and supplemented with ghrelin demonstrated an upregulated pattern in macrophage and NO production, whereas an anti-inflammatory response was observed in T cells and cytokines. The low response against T. cruzi mediated by T cells probably contributed to a higher colonization of the cardiac tissue, when compared to infected groups. On the other side, the peptide decreased the inflammatory infiltration in cardiac tissue infected with T. cruzi. Conclusions Ghrelin demonstrated a dual function in animals infected with T. cruzi. Further studies, especially related to the decrease of cardiac tissue inflammation, are needed in order to determine the advantages of ghrelin supplementation in Chagas disease, mostly for populations from endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinando de Paula Silva
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Cássia Mariana Bronzon da Costa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Diego Fernando Silva Lessa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius Leonardo Pitol
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto USP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - José Clóvis do Prado Júnior
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia Carraro Abrahão
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-903, Brazil.
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11
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Shati AA, El-Kott AF. Acylated ghrelin prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiac intrinsic cell death and fibrosis in rats by restoring IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and inhibition of STAT1. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1151-1168. [PMID: 31093684 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated if JAK/STAT signaling pathway mediates doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cell death and fibrosis in left ventricles (LVs) of rats and examined if acylated ghrelin affords protection by modulating this pathway. Male rats (120 ± 5 g) were divided into 6 groups (10 rats each) as follows: control; control + AG (10 ng/kg, s.c.); DOX (an accumulative dose 15 mg/kg, i.p.); DOX + AG, DOX + AG + AG490, a JAK2 inhibitor (5 mg/kg, i.p.); and DOX + AG + [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6; an AG receptor antagonist (3.75 mg/kg, i.p.). All treatments were carried out for 35 days. In rats' LVs, DOX significantly impaired the systolic and diastolic functions, enhanced levels of ROS and MDA, reduced levels of GSH and Bcl-2, and increased mRNA and protein levels of collagen I/III and TGF-β and cleaved caspase-3. In addition, although DOX did not affect JAK1 or JAK2 activity, it significantly increased protein levels of IL-6, decreased STAT3 and p-STAT3 (Tyr701&Ser727), and increased STAT1 and p-STAT1 (Tyr701&Ser727) levels, with a concomitant decrease in ERK1/2 activity and an increase in P38 activity. However, without affecting IL-6 and JAK1/2, AG reversed all of the observed alterations with a significant increase in the levels and activities of JAK2. Similar effects of AG were also seen in control rats. Interestingly, all the beneficial effects afforded by AG were abolished by AG490 and AG + [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6. In conclusion, DOX-induced cardiac toxicity involves stimulation of IL-6, P38, and STAT1 signaling levels whereas the protective effect afforded by AG involves the activation of ERK1/2 and JAK2/STAT3 and inhibition of STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Shati
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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12
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Li Q, Wei G, Tao T. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) negatively mediates the pathological cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing fibrosis, inflammation and apoptosis via the activation of NF-κB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Eid RA, El-Kott AF, Zaki MSA, Eldeen MA, Al-Hashem FH, Alkhateeb MA, Alassiri M, Aldera H. Acylated ghrelin protects aorta damage post-MI via activation of eNOS and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme induced activation of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidase. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:416-429. [PMID: 30300044 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1526242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H dependent oxidase derived-reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in blood vessels postmyocardial infarction MI or during the HF leads to endothelium dysfunction and enhanced apoptosis. Acylated ghrelin (AG) is a well-reported cardioprotective and antiapoptotic agent for the heart. AG receptors are widely distributed in most of blood vessels, suggesting a role in the regulation of endothelial function and survival. This study investigated if AG can protect aorta of rats' postmyocardial infarction (MI)-induced damage and endothelial dysfunction. Adult male rats were divided into four groups of (1) Sham, (2) Sham + AG, (3) MI, and (4) MI + AG. Vehicle (normal saline) or AG (100 µ/kg) was administered to rats for 21 consecutive days, after which, numerous biochemical markers were detected by blot. Both histological and electron microscope studies were carried on aortic samples from MI-induced rats. AG increased protein levels of both total and phosphorylated forms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and p-eNOS, respectively). Only in MI-treated rats, AG prevented the decreases in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lowered levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Concomitantly, it lowered the increased protein levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), p22phox and cleaved caspase-3 and prevented the aorta histological and ultrustructural abnormalities induced by MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- b Department of Biology, College of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,c Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science , Damanhour University , Damanhour , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- d Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- f Biology Department, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Fahaid H Al-Hashem
- g Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- h Department of basic medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- h Department of basic medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- h Department of basic medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Wang X, Yang C, Liu X, Yang P. Ghrelin Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced H9c2 Apoptosis: Impact of the miR-208 Family. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6707-6716. [PMID: 30244257 PMCID: PMC6178878 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin is a novel peptide with abundant cardioprotective effects. The miR-208 family, consisting of cardiac-specifically expressed microRNAs, are not only involved in hypertrophy and fibrosis, but are also closely related with myocyte apoptosis. This study explored the role of the miR-208 family in the protective effect of ghrelin on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS H9c2 cells were exposed to Ang II with or without ghrelin. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay and the percentage of apoptotic cells was confirmed by flow cytometry. miRNAs expression levels were measured by qRT-PCR. Then, cells transfected with miR-208 negative control, mimics, and inhibitors were treated with Ang II and ghrelin, followed by flow cytometry. PCR array was performed to explore the pathways affected by miR-208. RESULTS The miR-208 level was reduced in Ang II-treated H9c2 cells, accompanied with increased cell apoptosis, which were both reversed by ghrelin administration. Flow cytometry revealed that miR-208 inhibitors clearly upregulated the apoptotic percentage, whereas miR-208 mimics showed the opposite effects in the Ang II group. miR-208a further alleviated apoptosis when treated with ghrelin. miR-208 mainly affected caspase, inflammatory-related genes, and several signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS We provide new evidence that the miR-208 family is regulated by Ang II and ghrelin. Overexpression of miR-208 family alleviated Ang II-induced cell apoptosis and miR-208a assisted in the protective effect of ghrelin. Several apoptosis pathways affected by miR-208 family were found. These findings suggest the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the protective mechanism of ghrelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Cardiololgy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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15
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Ghrelin Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Young Male Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9897581. [PMID: 30175152 PMCID: PMC6098901 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9897581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II contributes to the formation and development of myocardial fibrosis. Ghrelin, a gut peptide, has demonstrated beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we explored the effect and related mechanism of Ghrelin on myocardial fibrosis in Ang II-infused rats. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 6 groups: Control, Ang II (200ng/kg/min, microinfusion), Ang II+Ghrelin (100 μg/kg, subcutaneously twice daily), Ang II+Ghrelin+GW9662 (a specific PPAR-γ inhibitor, 1 mg/kg/d, orally), Ang II+GW9662, and Ghrelin for 4 wks. In vitro, adult rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were pretreated with or without Ghrelin, Ghrelin+GW9662, or anti-Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 antibody and then stimulated with or without Ang II (100 nmol/L) for 24 h. Ang II infusion significantly increased myocardial fibrosis, expression of collagen I, collagen III, and TGF-β1, as well as TGF-β1 downstream proteins p-Smad2, p-Smad3, TRAF6, and p-TAK1 (all p<0.05). Ghrelin attenuated these effects. Similar results were seen in Ang II-stimulated rat cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, Ghrelin upregulated PPAR-γ expression in vivo and in vitro, and treatment with GW9662 counteracted the effects of Ghrelin. In conclusion, Ghrelin ameliorated Ang II-induced myocardial fibrosis by upregulating PPAR-γ and in turn inhibiting TGF-β1signaling.
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16
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Subacute ghrelin administration inhibits apoptosis and improves ultrastructural abnormalities in remote myocardium post-myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:920-928. [PMID: 29635901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of ghrelin on cardiomyocytes function, apoptosis and ultra-structural alterations of remote myocardium of the left ventricle (LV) of rats, 21 days post myocardial infarction (MI). Rats were divided into 4 groups as a control, a sham-operated rats, a sham-operated+ghrelin, an MI + vehicle and an MI + ghrelin-treated rats. MI was induced by LAD ligation and then rats were recievd a concomitant doe of either normal saline as a vehicle or treated with ghrelin (100 μg/kg S.C., 2x/day) for 21 consecutive days. Ghrelin enhanced myocardial contractility in control rats and reversed the decreases in myocardial contractility and the increases in the serum levels of CK-MB and LDH in MI-induced rats. Additionally, it inhibited the increases in levels of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and increased those for Bcl-2 in the remote myocardium of rat's LV, post-MI. At ultra-structural level, while ghrelin has no adverse effects on LV myocardium obtained from control or sham-treated rats, ghrelin post-administration to MI-induced rats reduced vascular formation, restored normal microfilaments appearance and organization, preserved mitochondria structure, and prevented mitochondrial swelling, collagen deposition and number of ghost bodies in the remote areas of their LV. Concomitantly, in remote myocardium of MI-induced rats, ghrelin enhanced endoplasmic reticulum intracellular organelles count, decreased number of atrophied nuclei and phagocytes, diminished the irregularity in the nuclear membranes and inhibited chromatin condensation. In conclusion, in addition to the physiological, biochemical and molecular evidence provided, this is the first study that confirms the anti-apoptotic effect of ghrelin in the remote myocardium of the LV during late MI at the level of ultra-structural changes.
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17
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Wang X, Yang C, Liu X, Yang P. The impact of microRNA-122 and its target gene Sestrin-2 on the protective effect of ghrelin in angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10107-10114. [PMID: 35540851 PMCID: PMC9078835 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13028g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin with n-octanoylated serine 3 residue is a peptide hormone with well-known cardioprotective properties. MicroRNA-122 is associated with the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including apoptosis and was found highly increased in our previous rat model of post-myocardial infarction heart failure. In this study, we aimed to identify the target gene of microRNA-122 and to evaluate their impacts on the protective effect of acylated ghrelin in angiotensin II-induced apoptosis. The results showed that microRNA-122 was upregulated in the angiotensin II administration group accompanied by increased cell apoptosis, which were both reversed by ghrelin. Furthermore, microRNA-122 mimics upregulated numerous pro-apoptotic genes and increased apoptosis. The luciferase activity assay revealed Sestrin-2 as a direct target of microRNA-122. The expression of Sestrin-2 was downregulated by angiotensin II and upregulated by co-treatment with ghrelin. Inhibition of microRNA-122 and overexpression of Sestrin-2 alleviated apoptosis which was further reduced upon administered of ghrelin. Together, these results indicated that Sestrin-2 expression is inhibited by microRNA-122 and that this inhibition is involved in the protective effect of ghrelin and angiotensin II-induced apoptosis. We also found that microRNA-122 influenced several apoptosis pathways including the caspase cascade reaction and death receptor-mediated pathways. Collectively, our data reveal that microRNA-122 and its target gene Sestrin-2, under the regulation of angiotensin II and ghrelin, are important players in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We therefore believe that microRNA-122 and Sestrin-2 can be developed as potential therapeutic targets against apoptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of microRNA-122 and overexpression of Sestrin-2 alleviated angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and enhanced the protective effect of ghrelin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- The Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University Changchun 130011 Jilin China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- The Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University Changchun 130011 Jilin China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- The Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University Changchun 130011 Jilin China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University Changchun 130011 Jilin China
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18
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Eid RA, Alkhateeb MA, Eleawa S, Al-Hashem FH, Al-Shraim M, El-Kott AF, Zaki MSA, Dallak MA, Aldera H. Cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular injury via inhibition of SOCS3 and activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:13. [PMID: 29392420 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms through which ghrelin exerts its cardioprotective effects during cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI) are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cardioprotection mechanisms are mediated by modulation of JAK/STAT signaling and what triggers this modulation. Rats were divided into six groups (n = 12/group): control, sham, sham + ghrelin (100 µg/kg, s.c., daily, starting 1 day post-MI), MI, MI+ ghrelin, and MI+ ghrelin+ AG490, a potent JAK2 inhibitor (5 mg/kg, i.p., daily). All treatments were administered for 3 weeks. Administration of ghrelin to MI rats improved left ventricle (LV) architecture and restored cardiac contraction. In remote non-infarcted areas of MI rats, ghrelin reduced cardiac inflammation and lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant enzymatic activity. In addition, independent of the growth factor/insulin growth factor-1 (GF/IGF-1) axis, ghrelin significantly increased the phosphorylation of JAK2 and Tyr702 and Ser727 residues of STAT3 and inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1 and Tyr701 and Ser727 residues of STAT1, simultaneously increasing the expression of BCL-2 and decreasing in the expression of BAX, cleaved CASP3, and FAS. This effect coincided with decreased expression of SOCS3. All these beneficial effects of ghrelin, except its inhibitory action on IL-6 expression, were partially and significantly abolished by the co-administration of AG490. In conclusion, the cardioprotective effect of ghrelin against MI-induced LV injury is exerted via activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and inhibition of STAT1 signaling. These effects were independent of the GF/IGF-1 axis and could be partially mediated via inhibition of cardiac IL-6.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cardiovascular Agents/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Ghrelin/administration & dosage
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heart Ventricles/enzymology
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Male
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Myocardial Infarction/enzymology
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- STAT1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/enzymology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Eleawa
- College of Health Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences Department, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Fahaid H Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Dallak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
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Yang C, Liu J, Liu K, Du B, Shi K, Ding M, Li B, Yang P. Ghrelin suppresses cardiac fibrosis of post-myocardial infarction heart failure rats by adjusting the activin A-follistatin imbalance. Peptides 2018; 99:27-35. [PMID: 29113826 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin, a growth hormone-releasing peptide, potentially improves cardiac function, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the study, the rat heart failure (HF) model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and treated with ghrelin (100μg/kg, subcutaneous injection, bid); neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and stimulated with Ang II (0.1μM) and ghrelin(0.1μM) to explore the underlying mechanism of ghrelin in myocardial remodeling. Hemodynamic changes and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were measured to assess cardiac function. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to evaluate myocardial fibrosis. Interestingly, ghrelin significantly improved cardiac function by inhibiting fibrous tissue proliferation. To further explore the mechanisms by which ghrelin interferes with myocardial fibrosis, the levels of activin A (Act A) and its blocker-follistatin (FS) were examined by immunohistochemistry; Act A levels were significantly increased in the myocardial infarction (MI), and ghrelin administeration downregulated Act A expression. In contrast, FS expression showed no significant change in all experimental groups. Furthermore, ghrelin decreased Ang II-induced Act A expression with no effect on FS expression in primary rat cardiomyocytes in vitro (real-time quantitative PCR and ELISA). Thus, ghrelin corrected the Act A/FS imbalance. Finally, Act A treated cultured primary rat cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) showed increased proliferation [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay] and enhanced expressions of type I and type III collagen (Col I and Col III) (real-time quantitative PCR). These data suggest that ghrelin inhibits myocardial fibrosis, attenuates left ventricular remodeling, and eventually improves cardiac function by adjusting Act A/FS imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jinsha Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Beibei Du
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Kaiyao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Mei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
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Sullivan R, McGirr R, Hu S, Tan A, Wu D, Charron C, Lalonde T, Arany E, Chakrabarti S, Luyt L, Dhanvantari S. Changes in the Cardiac GHSR1a-Ghrelin System Correlate With Myocardial Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Mice. J Endocr Soc 2017; 2:178-189. [PMID: 29450407 PMCID: PMC5799831 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ghrelin and its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), are present in cardiac tissue. Activation of GHSR1a by ghrelin promotes cardiomyocyte contractility and survival, and changes in myocardial GHSR1a and circulating ghrelin track with end-stage heart failure, leading to the hypothesis that GHSR1a is a biomarker for heart failure. We hypothesized that GHSR1a could also be a biomarker for diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We used two models of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DCM: group 1, adult mice treated with 35 mg/kg STZ for 3 days; and group 2, neonatal mice treated with 70 mg/kg STZ at days 2 and 5 after birth. In group 1, mild fasting hyperglycemia (11 mM) was first detected 8 weeks after the last injection, and in group 2, severe fasting hyperglycemia (20 mM) was first detected 1 to 3 weeks after the last injection. In group 1, left ventricular function was slightly impaired as measured by echocardiography, and Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in myocardial GHSR1a. In group 2, GHSR1a levels were also decreased as assessed by Cy5-ghrelin(1–19) fluorescence microscopy, and there was a significant negative correlation between GHSR1a levels and glucose tolerance. There were significant positive correlations between GHSR1a and ghrelin and between GHSR1a and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), a marker for contractility, but not between GHSR1a and B-type natriuretic peptide, a marker for heart failure. We conclude that the subclinical stage of DCM is accompanied by alterations in the myocardial ghrelin-GHSR1a system, suggesting the possibility of a biomarker for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sullivan
- Imaging Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Rebecca McGirr
- Imaging Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Shirley Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alice Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Derek Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Carlie Charron
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Tyler Lalonde
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Edith Arany
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Leonard Luyt
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Departments of Oncology and Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada.,London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Savita Dhanvantari
- Imaging Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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Ghrelin protected neonatal rat cardiomyocyte against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting apoptosis through Akt-mTOR signal. Mol Biol Rep 2017; 44:219-226. [PMID: 28281036 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-017-4098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reducing reperfusion period myocardial cell damage is efficient to reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ghrelin can increase myocardial contractility, improve heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Ghrelin on myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) and to explore the mechanisms. We isolated the NRCMs, established myocardial H/R model, blocked growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) by siRNA technique, examined cell activity by MTT and LDH assay, detected apoptosis by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry and determined the expression levels of apoptosis related proteins and signaling pathway proteins by western blot. We found that Ghrelin can significantly improve cell activity and decrease apoptosis after H/R, however this effect was abolished by GHSR-siRNA. In addition, we found that Ghrelin can significantly increase the expression of Bcl-2 but inhibit the level of Bax and caspase-3. Further mechanism study found that the phosphorylation level of signaling pathway protein Akt and mTOR in Ghrelin treated group were significantly higher than that in other groups. In conclusion, Ghrelin can reduce the H/R damage on NRCMs and inhibit the apoptosis by activating Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Abstract
Ghrelin is a small peptide released primarily from the stomach. It is a potent stimulator of growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland and is well known for its regulation of metabolism and appetite. There is also a strong relationship between ghrelin and the cardiovascular system. Ghrelin receptors are present throughout the heart and vasculature and have been linked with molecular pathways, including, but not limited to, the regulation of intracellular calcium concentration, inhibition of proapoptotic cascades, and protection against oxidative damage. Ghrelin shows robust cardioprotective effects including enhancing endothelial and vascular function, preventing atherosclerosis, inhibiting sympathetic drive, and decreasing blood pressure. After myocardial infarction, exogenous administration of ghrelin preserves cardiac function, reduces the incidence of fatal arrhythmias, and attenuates apoptosis and ventricular remodeling, leading to improvements in heart failure. It ameliorates cachexia in end-stage congestive heart failure patients and has shown clinical benefit in pulmonary hypertension. Nonetheless, since ghrelin's discovery is relatively recent, there remains a substantial amount of research needed to fully understand its clinical significance in cardiovascular disease.
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Parto P, Lavie CJ, Arena R, Bond S, Popovic D, Ventura HO. Body habitus in heart failure: understanding the mechanisms and clinical significance of the obesity paradox. Future Cardiol 2016; 12:639-653. [DOI: 10.2217/fca-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity among adults and children worldwide has reached epic proportions and has become a major independent risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF), in addition to a contributor of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The implications of obesity in the development of HF involve adverse effects on cardiac structure and function. Despite all of this, in the setting of chronic HF, excess body mass is associated with improved clinical outcomes, demonstrating the presence of an obesity paradox. In this review, we will discuss the gender differences, global application, potential mechanisms and role of interventions based on fitness and purposeful weight loss as potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Parto
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, Department of Kinesiology & Nutrition & Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Samantha Bond
- Department of Biomedical & Health Information Sciences, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dejana Popovic
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Hector O Ventura
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart & Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-University of Queensland School of Medicine, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
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Du J, Leng J, Zhang L, Bai G, Yang D, Lin H, Qin J. Angiotensin II-Induced Apoptosis of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells was Inhibited by Blueberry Anthocyanin Through Bax- and Caspase 3-Dependent Pathways. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3223-8. [PMID: 27616275 PMCID: PMC5029175 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of blueberry anthocyanin (BBA) on Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and its regulation mechanisms involving Bax and Caspase 3. Material/Methods HUVECs were first treated by different concentrations of Ang II (10−9, 10−8, 10−7, 10−6, 10−5, and 10−4 mol/L) and BBA (80, 40, 20, 10, 5, and 2.5 μg/ml). After 24 h and 48 h of treatment, MTT was performed to detect the viability of HUVECs. Then, HUVECs were randomly divided into the Ang II group (10−6 mol/L Ang II) and Ang II + BBA group (10−6 mol/L Ang II and 20 μg/ml BBA), and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of Bax and Caspase 3 in these 2 groups. During the whole process, HUVECs without any treatments served as the control group. Results The cell viability of HUVECs was significantly reduced by Ang II in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05), while BBA significantly elevated the cell viability of HUVECs until a peak of 20.0 μg/ml. The apoptosis rate of HUVECs was significantly increased by Ang II (P<0.01) and reduced by the BBA intervention (P<0.05). Ang II significantly elevated the expression of Bax and Caspase 3 in HUVECs, but their expression was significantly inhibited by BBA. Conclusions BBA increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis rate of HUVECs induced by Ang II through Bax- and Caspase 3-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Du
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Jiyan Leng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Guangxin Bai
- , China Jilin Forest Industry Group, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Di Yang
- , China Jilin Forest Industry Group, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Huan Lin
- , China Jilin Forest Industry Group, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Junjie Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Liu X, Meng H, Jiang C, Yang S, Cui F, Yang P. Differential microRNA Expression and Regulation in the Rat Model of Post-Infarction Heart Failure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160920. [PMID: 27504893 PMCID: PMC4978447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure is a complex end stage of various cardiovascular diseases with a poor prognosis, and the mechanisms for development and progression of heart failure have always been a hot point. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the post transcriptional regulation of heart failure have not been fully elucidated. Current data suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure and could serve as a new biomarker, but the precise regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. Methods The differential miRNA profile in a rat model of post-infarction heart failure was determined using high throughout sequencing and analyzed through bioinformatics approaches. The results were validated using qRT-PCR for 8 selected miRNAs. Then the expression patterns of 4 miRNAs were analyzed in different periods after myocardial infarction. Finally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments of rno-miR-122-5p and rno-miR-184 were analyzed in H2O2 treated H9c2 cells. Results In the heart failure sample, 78 miRNAs were significantly upregulated and 28 were downregulated compared to the controls. GO and KEGG pathway analysis further indicated the likely roles of these miRNAs in heart failure. Time-course analysis revealed different expression patterns of 4 miRNAs: rno-miR-122-5p, rno-miR-199a-5p, rno-miR-184 and rno-miR-208a-3p. Additionally, rno-miR-122-5p and rno-miR-184 were proved to promote apoptosis in vitro. Conclusions Differential profile and expression patterns of miRNAs in the rats model of post-infarction heart failure were found, and the pro-apoptotic roles of rno-miR-122-5p and rno-miR-184 were revealed. These findings may provide a novel way that may assist in heart failure diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heyu Meng
- Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sibao Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengwen Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- * E-mail:
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Cui L, Wang Y, Yu R, Li B, Xie S, Gao Y, Wang X, Zhu M. Jia-Shen decoction-medicated serum inhibits angiotensin-II induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation via the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1610-6. [PMID: 27315199 PMCID: PMC4940101 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Jia-Shen decoction (JSD) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is used widely to treat chronic heart failure. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the effects of JSD on cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation and differentiation. The CFs were obtained from the hearts of neonatal (1‑3‑day old) Sprague‑Dawley rats and treated with JSD-medicated serum (JSDS) with or without angiotensin II (Ang II). Cell proliferation was assessed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 reagent. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (p‑Smad)2/3 and their protein expression levels were analyzed. CF proliferation was significantly increased in the Ang II‑treated group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of collagen, α‑smooth muscle actin, TGF‑β1 and p‑Smad2/3 were also increased in the Ang II‑treated group (P<0.05). Following JSDS treatment, the increased levels of collagen and cell proliferation were inhibited, and the increased expression levels of p‑Smad2 and p‑Smad3 were also inhibited (P<0.05). These data suggested that JSDS may inhibit CF proliferation via attenuating the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Youping Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Shiyang Xie
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Differential Effects of β-Blockers, Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers, and a Novel AT2R Agonist NP-6A4 on Stress Response of Nutrient-Starved Cardiovascular Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144824. [PMID: 26691397 PMCID: PMC4686716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine differences in cardiovascular cell response during nutrient stress to different cardiovascular protective drugs, we investigated cell responses of serum starved mouse cardiomyocyte HL-1 cells and primary cultures of human coronary artery vascular smooth muscles (hCAVSMCs) to treatment with β-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, nebivolol, 3μM each), AT1R blocker losartan (1μM) and AT2R agonists (CGP42112A and novel agonist NP-6A4, 300nM each). Treatment with nebivolol, carvedilol, metoprolol and atenolol suppressed Cell Index (CI) of serum-starved HL-1 cells (≤17%, ≤8%, ≤15% and ≤15% respectively) as measured by the Xcelligence Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA). Conversely, CI was increased by Ang II (≥9.6%), CGP42112A (≥14%), and NP-6A4 (≥25%) respectively and this effect was blocked by AT2R antagonist PD123319, but not by AT1R antagonist losartan. Thus, the CI signature for each drug could be unique. MTS cell proliferation assay showed that NP-6A4, but not other drugs, increased viability (≥20%) of HL-1 and hCAVSMCs. Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) staining showed that nebivolol was most effective in reducing cell sizes of HL-1 and hCAVSMCs. Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1 (MCL-1) is a protein critical for cardiovascular cell survival and implicated in cell adhesion. β-blockers significantly suppressed and NP-6A4 increased MCL-1 expression in HL-1 and hCAVSMCs as determined by immunofluorescence. Thus, reduction in cell size and/or MCL-1 expression might underlie β-blocker-induced reduction in CI of HL-1. Conversely, increase in cell viability and MCL-1 expression by NP-6A4 through AT2R could have resulted in NP-6A4 mediated increase in CI of HL-1. These data show for the first time that activation of the AT2R-MCL-1 axis by NP-6A4 in nutrient-stressed mouse and human cardiovascular cells (mouse HL-1 cells and primary cultures of hCAVSMCs) might underlie improved survival of cells treated by NP-6A4 compared to other drugs tested in this study.
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Abstract
To observe the effect of simvastatin in patients with acute myocardial infarction in rabbits against myocardial apoptosis, and to explore its possible mechanism. Male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into three groups, including the myocardial infarction group (12 rabbits), the simvastatin treatment group (15 rabbits), and the sham group (12 rabbits). In the simvastatin treatment and myocardial infarction groups, the rabbits received myocardial infarction surgeries. While in the sham group, loose knots were tied in the left anterior descending coronary artery branches. The simvastatin treatment group was given simvastatin by oral gavage 24 h after surgery. Parameters, which included left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass index, were recorded in these three groups. Edge myocardial infarction and myocardial cell apoptosis were analyzed using TUNEL assay, and Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3 protein levels were detected by Western blot. Acute myocardial infarction model was successfully established in rabbits by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Compared with the myocardial infarction group, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) were significantly reduced and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased in the simvastatin treatment group. Compared with the sham group, LVEDD and LVESD were significantly increased and LVEF decreased in the simvastatin treatment group. All the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Left ventricular mass index in the simvastatin treatment group was statistically lower than the myocardial infarction group. Compared with the sham group, left ventricular mass index in both the simvastatin treatment and myocardial infarction groups was significantly increased. The differences of the above comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the apoptosis rate of the myocardial infarction group and the simvastatin treatment groups was significantly increased as shown by TUNEL assay, however, the apoptosis rate of the simvastatin treatment group was significantly lower than that of the myocardial infarction group. All the differences among above comparisons were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 levels significantly increased in the simvastatin treatment group compared with the myocardial infarction group, but Bcl-2 levels in both groups were significantly lower than the sham group. However, Bax protein levels showed inverse expression with Bcl-2. Meanwhile, Caspase-3 protein expression showed similar trend with Bcl-2. Simvastatin can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction and reduce apoptosis of myocardial cells, possibly by decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 expression and increasing the expression level of Bcl-2.
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Perrone-Filardi P, Paolillo S, Costanzo P, Savarese G, Trimarco B, Bonow RO. The role of metabolic syndrome in heart failure. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:2630-4. [PMID: 26242711 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a highly prevalent condition in patients affected by heart failure (HF); however, it is still unclear whether, in the setting of cardiac dysfunction, it represents an adverse risk factor for the occurrence of cardiac events. The epidemiologic implications of MS in HF have been studied intensely, as many of its components contribute to the incidence and severity of HF. In particular, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and lipid abnormalities represent the main components that negatively influence disease progression and evolution. Yet, other components of the MS, i.e. overweight/obesity and high blood pressure, are favourably associated with outcome in HF patients. The aim of this review was to report epidemiology and prognostic role of MS in HF and to investigate current clinical implications and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- SDN Foundation, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Robert O Bonow
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the consequent cardiovascular diseases has stimulated an active search for novel risk factors. The hormones regulating energy balance are of special interest as potential risk factor indicators of cardiovascular diseases. Ghrelin provides an attractive target for studies of atherosclerosis being a gastric peptide hormone having multiple functions including orexigenic and growth hormone-releasing effects and is also involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and immunomodulatory system. RECENT FINDINGS The aim of the present article is to review recent studies on the role of ghrelin in the atherosclerosis. Ghrelin seems to influence known risk factors of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidation. These themes will be covered by the present article and a summary of clinical studies of ghrelin in atherosclerosis will be given. SUMMARY Ghrelin plays a beneficial role in multiple processes of atherogenesis and vascular function. However, ghrelin's effects are not as strong as those of traditional known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olavi Ukkola
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Khatib MN, Shankar A, Kirubakaran R, Agho K, Simkhada P, Gaidhane S, Saxena D, B U, Gode D, Gaidhane A, Zahiruddin SQ. Effect of ghrelin on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in experimental rat and mice models of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126697. [PMID: 26016489 PMCID: PMC4446297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) continues to be a challenging condition in terms of prevention and management of the disease. Studies have demonstrated various cardio-protective effects of Ghrelin. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of Ghrelin on mortality and cardiac function in experimental rats/mice models of HF. METHODS Data sources: PUBMED, Scopus. We searched the Digital Dissertations and conference proceedings on Web of Science. Search methods: We systematically searched for all controlled trials (upto November 2014) which assessed the effects of Ghrelin (irrespective of dose, form, frequency, duration and route of administration) on mortality and cardiac function in rats/ mice models of HF. Ghrelin administration irrespective of dose, form, frequency, duration and route of administration. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed each abstract for eligibility and extracted data on characteristics of the experimental model used, intervention and outcome measures. We assessed the methodological quality by SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for all studies and the quality of evidence by GRADEpro. We performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3. RESULTS A total of 325 animals (rats and mice) were analyzed across seven studies. The meta-analysis revealed that the mortality in Ghrelin group was 31.1% and in control group was 40% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.47) i.e Ghrelin group had 68 fewer deaths per 1000 (from 216 fewer to 188 more) as compared to the control group. The meta-analysis reveals that the heart rate in rats/mice on Ghrelin was higher (MD 13.11, 95% CI 1.14 to 25.08, P=0.66) while the mean arterial blood pressure (MD -1.38, 95% CI -5.16 to 2.41, P=0.48) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (MD -2.45, 95% CI -4.46 to -0.43, P=0.02) were lower as compared to the those on placebo. There were insignificant changes in cardiac output (SMD 0.28, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.80, P=0.29) and left ventricular end systolic pressure (MD 1.48, 95% CI -3.86 to 6.82, P=0.59). CONCLUSIONS The existing data provides evidence to suggest that Ghrelin may lower the risk of mortality and improve cardiovascular outcomes. However; the quality of evidence as assessed by GRADEpro is low to very low. Clinical judgments to administer Ghrelin to patients with HF must be made on better designed animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Department of Physiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Anuraj Shankar
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Kingsley Agho
- Department Biostatistics, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Padam Simkhada
- Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- Department of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Dilip Gode
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Syed Quazi Zahiruddin
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
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Aygen B, Kucuksu M, Aydin S, Ozercan IH. Effect of enalapril maleate on ghrelin levels in metabolic syndrome in rats. Peptides 2015; 67:39-44. [PMID: 25784288 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have explored how enalapril affects ghrelin levels in serum and renal tissues of rats with fructose-induced MetS, using 5-week-old Wistar albino male rats weighing 220 ± 20 g. They divided into 5 groups: (i) control (CT), no fructose supplement fed on standard rat pellet and tap water for 60 days, (ii) metabolic syndrome (MetS) fed with 10% fructose for 60 days, (iii) rats after metabolic syndrome developed treated with enalapril over 30 days (MetS+E30), (iv) rats in which only enalapril was administered for 60 days (E60), and (v) MetS-treated with enalapril for 60 days (MetS+E60). Enalapril maleate was given at 20mg/kg per day by gavage. Fasting serum insulin, uric acid, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels were significantly higher, and the amount of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and acylated and desacyl ghrelin levels was significantly lower in the MetS groups. Ghrelins were significantly lower in all 3 groups, which were administered enalapril than that of MetS and the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the density of ghrelin was parallel to the serum levels of the peptide. Ghrelin immunoreactivity in the kidneys was of moderate density in the distal and collecting tubules, mild density in the proximal tubule and glomeruli, whereas the density decreased in the MetS group and other enalapril-treated groups. In conclusion, ghrelin levels in MetS groups were significantly lower than control group, and thus Enalapril treatment improves components of MetS and has direct effects on serum ghrelin levels that are independent of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Aygen
- Department of Nephrology, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, 23119, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kucuksu
- Department of Nephrology, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group), Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, 23119, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Hanifi Ozercan
- Department of Medical Pathology, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, 23119, Turkey
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Pei XM, Yung BY, Yip SP, Chan LW, Wong CS, Ying M, Siu PM. Protective effects of desacyl ghrelin on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:293-306. [PMID: 25192951 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a specific complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which causes progressive cardiac dysfunction. Desacyl ghrelin has been preliminarily demonstrated to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular system and glucose metabolism, which are both related to diabetic cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of desacyl ghrelin on cardiac dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis, and cellular autophagy in a type 2 diabetic mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen- to eighteen-week-old db/db diabetic and db/+ non-diabetic mice were intraperitoneally treated with desacyl ghrelin at a dosage of 100 μg/kg for ten consecutive days. Ventricular fractional shortening was examined as an indicator of cardiac function by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS The presence of diabetic cardiomyopathy was evident by the reduction in fractional shortening shown in our examined db/db mice. Intriguingly, this reduction in fractional shortening was not observed in the hearts of db/db mice treated with desacyl ghrelin. Cardiac fibrosis (indicated by excessive collagen deposition, decreased by Adiponectin and Mmp13 expression, and up-regulated by Mmp8 expression) and impairment of autophagic signalling (indicated by decreases in Foxo3 and LC3 II-to-LC3 I ratio) were shown in the hearts of diabetic mice. All these cellular and molecular alterations were alleviated by desacyl ghrelin treatment. The key cardiac pro-survival cellular signals including AMPK, Akt, ERK1/2, and GSK3α/β were impaired in the diabetic hearts, but the administration of desacyl ghrelin attenuated these signalling impairments. CONCLUSIONS These results collectively demonstrate that desacyl ghrelin protects the heart against cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice by inhibiting excessive collagen deposition and enhancing cardiac autophagic signalling via the pro-survival cellular AMPK/ERK1/2 signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao M Pei
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Luo P, He T, Jiang R, Li G. MicroRNA-423-5p targets O-GlcNAc transferase to induce apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1163-8. [PMID: 25776937 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) remains the single most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity; therefore, the identification of novel biomarkers is required for the diagnosis of CHF. The aim of the present study was to examine whether microRNA (miR)-423-5p is a novel biomarker for CHF, which was defined by the circulatory biomarker pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Samples of plasma from patients with CHF and healthy controls were collected and used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) 3' untranslated region was cloned and used for a luciferase assay. The effects of the expression of miR-423-5p in cardiomyocytes were determined using western blotting and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling analyses. The results demonstrated that miR-423-5p was associated with CHF and the expression levels of proBNP; in addition, OGT was found to be a direct target of miR-423-5p. The expression of miR-423-5p significantly regulated the expression of OGT and its associated downstream targets and induced apoptosis in the cardiomyocytes. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that miR-423-5p was involved in CHF via the direct targeting of OGT and the induction of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Rongjian Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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Khatib MN, Simkhada P, Gode D. Cardioprotective effects of ghrelin in heart failure: from gut to heart. Heart Views 2014; 15:74-6. [PMID: 25538820 PMCID: PMC4268614 DOI: 10.4103/1995-705x.144792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cardioprotective effects of ghrelin, especially in its acylated form have been demonstrated in heart failure (HF) models and exploratory human clinical studies. Hence, it has been proposed for the treatment of HF. However, the underlying mechanism of its protective effects against HF remains unclear. Future researches are needed to evaluate the efficacy of Ghrelin as a new biomarker and prognostic tool and for exploring its therapeutic potential in patients suffering from CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padam Simkhada
- The School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Gode
- Vice Chancellor, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Li J, Dong X, Wang Z, Wu J. MicroRNA-1 in Cardiac Diseases and Cancers. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:359-63. [PMID: 25352753 PMCID: PMC4211117 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.5.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous ≈22-nt non-coding RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. MiR-1 is one of the muscle-specific miRs, aberrant expression of miR-1 plays important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on the recent studies about miR-1 in cardiac diseases and cancers. The findings indicate that miR-1 may be a novel, important biomarker, and a potential therapeutic target in cardiac diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhe Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530011, China
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- Department of Osteology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- Department of Physiology and pathophysiology, school of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
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GE TONG, QIN HAO, WANG XU, YANG SHUSEN, GUO LI, HAN WEI, CHANG HUIYING. Effects of Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia on Cardiac Function and Myocardial Cell Apoptosis in Isoproterenol-Induced Chronic Heart Failure Rats. J Interv Cardiol 2014; 27:446-55. [PMID: 25267251 DOI: 10.1111/joic.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TONG GE
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Second Hospital of Harbin; Harbin 150000 P.R. China
| | - HAO QIN
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Second Hospital of Harbin; Harbin 150000 P.R. China
| | - XU WANG
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - SHU-SEN YANG
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - LI GUO
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Second Hospital of Harbin; Harbin 150000 P.R. China
| | - WEI HAN
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin P.R. China
| | - HUI-YING CHANG
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin P.R. China
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Yuan MJ, Huang H, Quan L, Tang YH, Wang X, Jiang H, Huang CX. Expression of ghrelin and its receptor in rats after coronary artery ligation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 192-193:1-5. [PMID: 25058156 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide, which has been shown to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function and ventricular remodeling. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of ghrelin and the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR-1a), and the association with cardiac remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Twenty-four hours after ligation of the anterior descending artery (LAD), adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 3 d, 7 d and 28 d group. Sham animals underwent thoracotomy and pericardiotomy, but not LAD ligation. Expression of both ghrelin and GHSR-1a was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Plasma ghrelin levels were measured by ELISA kit. In addition, cardiac remodeling was assessed by echocardiographic and hemodynamic measurements. Plasma and cardiac expression of ghrelin decreased on days 3, 7 and 28 compared with the sham group (P<0.05). In contrast the GHSR-1a mRNA levels increased during the same days (P<0.05). Decreased positive immunoreaction for ghrelin and increased positive GHSR-1a were also observed in the infarcted heart. Interestingly, plasma ghrelin correlated negatively with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r=-0.59, P=0.002) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (r=-0.73, P<0.01). The ghrelin system may play an important role regulating cardiac remodeling after MI and present as a potential significant target for pharmacological modulation and treating cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Yuan
- Dept of Cardiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - He Huang
- Dept of Cardiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Li Quan
- Dept of Cardiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Tang
- Dept of Cardiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- Dept of Cardiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Dept of Cardiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Cong-Xin Huang
- Dept of Cardiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, PR China.
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