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Abdulkader RS, Ponnaiah M, Bhatnagar T, S D, Rozario AG, K G, Mohan M, E M, Saravanakumar D, Moorthy A, Tyagi AK, Parmar BD, Devaraja K, Medikeri G, Ojah J, Srivastava K, K K, Das N, B N, Sharma P, Kumar Parida P, Kumar Saravanam P, Kulkarni P, S P, Patil S P, Kumar Bagla R, D R, S Melkundi R, S Satpute S, Narayanan S, Jahagirdar S, Dube S, Kumar Panigrahi S, Babu D S, Saini V, Singh Saxena R, Srivastava A, Chandra Baishya A, Garg A, Kumar Mishra A, Jyoti Talukdar A, Kankaria A, Karat A, Sundaresh Kumar A, Chug A, Vankundre A, Ramaswamy B, MB B, R Jadav B, Dhiwakar M, Ghate G, Shah HV, Saha I, Sivapuram K, J Joshi K, Singh M, Chand Bairwa M, K D, K K, E M, Samagh N, Dinakaran N, Gupta N, Gupta N, M Nagarkar N, Solanki N, Kumar Panda P, Bachalli P, Shanbag R, Patil R, Kumar A R, Narayan Patil R, Thookkanaickenpalayam Vijayaraghavan R, Hanumantappa R, A R, Mandal SK, Kishve SP, Varghese Thomas S, Sarkar S, Thakur S, Patil S, Lakshmanan S, D Rao S, V S, Nayak T, Dixit UR, B U, Backiavathy V, Shenoy V, Hallur VK, Bhatnagar A, Murhekar MV. Baseline findings of a multicentric ambispective cohort study (2021-2022) among hospitalised mucormycosis patients in India. Mycology 2024; 15:70-84. [PMID: 38558844 PMCID: PMC10976993 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2271928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In India, the incidence of mucormycosis reached high levels during 2021-2022, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this, we established a multicentric ambispective cohort of patients hospitalised with mucormycosis across India. In this paper, we report their baseline profile, clinical characteristics and outcomes at discharge. Patients hospitalized for mucormycosis during March-July 2021 were included. Mucormycosis was diagnosed based on mycological confirmation on direct microscopy (KOH/Calcofluor white stain), culture, histopathology, or supportive evidence from endoscopy or imaging. After consent, trained data collectors used medical records and telephonic interviews to capture data in a pre-tested structured questionnaire. At baseline, we recruited 686 patients from 26 study hospitals, of whom 72.3% were males, 78% had a prior history of diabetes, 53.2% had a history of corticosteroid treatment, and 80% were associated with COVID-19. Pain, numbness or swelling of the face were the commonest symptoms (73.3%). Liposomal Amphotericin B was the commonest drug formulation used (67.1%), and endoscopic sinus surgery was the most common surgical procedure (73.6%). At discharge, the disease was stable in 43.3%, in regression for 29.9% but 9.6% died during hospitalization. Among survivors, commonly reported disabilities included facial disfigurement (18.4%) and difficulties in chewing/swallowing (17.8%). Though the risk of mortality was only 1 in 10, the disability due to the disease was very high. This cohort study could enhance our understanding of the disease's clinical progression and help frame standard treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devika S
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gayathri K
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Malu Mohan
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Michaelraj E
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aditya Moorthy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Trustwell Hospitals Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhagirathsinh D Parmar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), CU Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
| | - K Devaraja
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaurav Medikeri
- Department of Skull base Surgery, Healthcare Global Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jutika Ojah
- Department of Community Medicine, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kajal Srivastava
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karthikeyan K
- Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nandini Das
- Department of Pathology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Niharika B
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradipta Kumar Parida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Saravanam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priya S
- Department of Community Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushpa Patil S
- Department of Community Medicine, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Bagla
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh D
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Sundaram Medical Foundation, Dr Rangarajan Memorial Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Renuka S Melkundi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish S Satpute
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Seetharaman Narayanan
- Department of Community Medicine, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shubhashri Jahagirdar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Simmi Dube
- Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surendra Babu D
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - Vaibhav Saini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rita Singh Saxena
- Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Srivastava
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ajai Garg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Anjan Jyoti Talukdar
- Department of Community Medicine, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ankita Kankaria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Arathi Karat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Medikeri Super speciality ENT Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arul Sundaresh Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashi Chug
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Vankundre
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balakrishnan Ramaswamy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharathi MB
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhargav R Jadav
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), CU Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Muthuswamy Dhiwakar
- Department of Community Medicine, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Girija Ghate
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hardik V Shah
- Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Ipsita Saha
- Department of Pathology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kavya Sivapuram
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krupal J Joshi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Vanagaram, Chennai, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Chand Bairwa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Divya K
- Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan K
- Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthurajesh E
- Department of Community Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Navneh Samagh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Nethra Dinakaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitin M Nagarkar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Nitin Solanki
- Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Prasan Kumar Panda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prithvi Bachalli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Trustwell Hospitals Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghunath Shanbag
- Department of Community Medicine, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajashri Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar A
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Narayan Patil
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Ramesh Hanumantappa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Rathinavel A
- Department of Community Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saleel Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sara Varghese Thomas
- Department of Community Medicine, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saurav Sarkar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Shalini Thakur
- Department of Skull base Surgery, Healthcare Global Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddaram Patil
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
| | - Somu Lakshmanan
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivas D Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sumathi V
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Sundaram Medical Foundation, Dr Rangarajan Memorial Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tulasi Nayak
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Trustwell Hospitals Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Umesh R Dixit
- Department of Community Medicine, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Varsha Backiavathy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Sundaram Medical Foundation, Dr Rangarajan Memorial Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijendra Shenoy
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Hallur
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Aparna Bhatnagar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Vanagaram, Chennai, India
| | - Manoj V Murhekar
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Trustwell Hospitals Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), CU Shah Medical College, Surendranagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Department of Skull base Surgery, Healthcare Global Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Pathology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Community Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, Patan, Gujarat, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Community Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Community Medicine, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Sundaram Medical Foundation, Dr Rangarajan Memorial Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Gulbarga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery (ENT-HNS), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chattisgarh, India
- Department of Community Medicine, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT), Medikeri Super speciality ENT Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, Apollo Specialty Hospitals, Vanagaram, Chennai, India
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Soman B, Lathika AR, Unnikrishnan B, Shetty RS. Tracing the Disparity Between Healthcare Policy-Based Infrastructure and Health Belief-Lead Practices: a Narrative Review on Indigenous Populations of India. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01810-3. [PMID: 37787946 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Most Indian tribes have limited access to healthcare facilities and rely heavily on traditional healing practices. This narrative review aimed to identify the disparities in the implementation of healthcare services and in accessing and availing these services by the indigenous population in India. We also have tried to throw light on the plausibility in strengthening the efficiency and efficacy of the public health system, by utilizing the available resources to its maximum potential, so that there will be a measurable outcome in the health status of these populations in India, coherently with the relevant sustainable development goals (SDG). The evidence from published literatures supports the fact that the disparity exists in the health status of indigenous populations in India as compared to the general populations. It emphasizes the need to address the key determinants such as the lack of knowledge, traditional healing practices and poor utilization of healthcare services provided to them. Various factors such as accessibility to healthcare resources, traditional healing practices, lack of awareness regarding healthcare services and schemes provided by the government, insufficient data regarding their issues and challenges and cultural and language barriers worsen the health status of indigenous people. However, our review reiterates that a well-structured and sustainable policy with reframed infrastructure and administration of healthcare system might bring a positive change in the health status of indigenous population in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Soman
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ashwathi Raj Lathika
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India
| | - Ranjitha S Shetty
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- Centre for Indigenous Population, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Rao A, Rungta N, Nandini M, Unnikrishnan B, Shenoy R, Rao A, Shetty MK. Effect of educational intervention in reducing exposure to second hand tobacco smoke among 12-year-old children as determined by their salivary cotinine levels and knowledge, attitude and behavior - a randomized controlled trial. Front Oral Health 2023; 4:1277307. [PMID: 37842016 PMCID: PMC10569313 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1277307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco use is one of the most important public health concerns, with approximately 8.7 million tobacco-related deaths each year, primarily in low- and middle-income countries. Even more concerning is the fact that 1.3 million of these deaths are seen in nonsmokers, including babies and children. This study was performed to determine whether a school-based "tobacco-free" educational intervention program among 12-year-old children would be effective in reducing their exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) by improving their knowledge, attitude and behavior post intervention and estimating salivary cotinine levels as markers of SHS exposure. Materials and method A randomized controlled trial was performed by a cluster random sampling technique, with 30 participants each in the experimental and control arms. A knowledge, attitude, avoidance behavior and self-efficacy of avoidance questionnaire was administered, followed by estimation of salivary cotinine levels. The experimental arm received the "tobacco-free" intervention, which comprised a 40-min health education session, with the first follow-up at 15 days and the second at 30 days after the intervention. After the intervention, the questionnaire was readministered, followed by re-estimation of salivary cotinine levels. Results One month after the intervention, the number of participants who had a smoker who lived with them and the number of people who smoked inside the house were reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the knowledge domain and the attitude domain, 80% and 60% of the items showed a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the avoidance behavior domain and the Self-Efficacy of Avoidance Domain, all the items showed improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. When the mean salivary cotinine levels were compared pre- and postintervention, it was found that although the mean postintervention salivary cotinine levels increased in both the experimental and control groups, the increase was less in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion The present study has been shown to be effective in improving the knowledge, attitude and avoidance behavior of adolescents toward exposure to secondhand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Rao
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nikita Rungta
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - M. Nandini
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - B. Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Arathi Rao
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Mranali K. Shetty
- Department of Periodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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Feren N, Thapar R, Unnikrishnan B, Mithra P, Kumar N, Holla R, BB D, Kotian H. Effectiveness of multi-component modular intervention among adults with prehypertension in a village of Dakshina Kannada district - a community-based interventional study - protocol. F1000Res 2023; 12:667. [PMID: 38577228 PMCID: PMC10993661 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129131.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Joint National Committee (JNC 7) report on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of Hypertension, defined "prehypertension," as individuals with a Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) in the range of 120-139 mmHg and a (diastolic blood pressure) DBP of 80-89 mmHg. Prehypertension is directly linked with hypertension which is a precursor of CVDs. Owing to its high conversion rate to hypertension, it is important to identify individuals with blood pressures in this category and bring about lifestyle modifications in them that can prevent them from being hypertensive and from developing cardiovascular diseases later in life. METHODS This randomized controlled trial will be done among the selected pre-hypertensive adults of all genders residing in Kateel Gram panchayat, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka. A baseline survey will be done initially to assess the level of prehypertension among the study population. To study the effectiveness of the intervention, 142 individuals will be randomly allocated using block randomization technique to intervention and control groups. A multi-component module (educational intervention) will be developed, validated, and administered to participants in the intervention group, while the control group receives standard care. Each participant will then be followed up once in four months till the end of the study period of one year to assess for changes in SBP, DBP, WHR, BMI, stress levels, and usage of tobacco and alcohol. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained from Kasturba Medical College in Mangalore, India. The plans for dissemination of findings include presenting at scientific conferences and publishing in scholarly journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neneh Feren
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Darshan BB
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Himani Kotian
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Ansuya, Nayak BS, Unnikrishnan B, Shashidhara YN, Mundkur SC. Effect of nutrition intervention on cognitive development among malnourished preschool children: randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10636. [PMID: 37391472 PMCID: PMC10313707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition impairs health, development, and productivity in adulthood. Underweight children have been found to have a variety of cognitive abnormalities. The present study examined the effect of a nutrition-focused intervention on cognitive development among malnourished preschool children between 3 and 5 years of age residing in selected villages of Udupi district, Karnataka. A cluster of 12 villages was chosen randomly. The trial had enrolled preschool children (n = 253) from randomly assigned selected villages to intervention (n = 127) and control arms (n = 126). The mothers in the intervention arm received nutrition-focused intervention and reinforcement of health teaching for 12 months. The post-intervention outcome on the cognitive development of malnourished children was measured at 6 months and 12 months. Statistical analyses indicated that 52% of children in the intervention group had average cognitive development scores on the pre-test, whereas on the post-test, only 5.5% were in the average level of cognitive development. In the control group, the average cognitive development status of the children decreased from 44.4% in the pretest to 26.2% in the post-test. The cognitive development of malnourished children in the intervention group improved compared to the control group (p < 0.001). This study revealed that home-based nutrition-focused food helps to enhance children's cognitive development.Trial registration: ctri@gov.in. CTRI/31/03/2017/008273 [Registered on: 31/03/2017].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuya
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Baby S Nayak
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Y N Shashidhara
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suneel C Mundkur
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Atul Kumar H, Uppoor A, Kadakampally D, Unnikrishnan B, Mithra P. Attitudes toward and knowledge of collaboration of dental and medical practice among medical students in Southern India: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. F1000Res 2023; 11:476. [PMID: 38239265 PMCID: PMC10794861 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111130.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing oral health care services provided through inter-professional collaboration between medical and dental practitioner is important, and even essential. The purpose of this study is to assess the attitude toward and knowledge of medical-dental collaborative practice among medical students attending colleges in Southern India. METHODS A cross sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students and interns of medical colleges in coastal South India with prior information and permission. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions to assess attitude toward and knowledge of medical-dental collaborative practice. The demographic backgrounds of participants were also recorded. Chi square test was employed for data analysis. The responses obtained were correlated with age, gender and year of study of participants using Pearson's correlation test Results: A total 250 questionnaires were distributed and 234 responses were appropriately completed. Most of the students agreed that oral health was an integral part of systemic health, however participants disagreed on attending compulsory rotation in dentistry at a statistically significant level (p<0.05), moreover participants did not agree with physicians having an active role in motivating their patients for regular dental check-up. 82% of the medical students believe that dental check-up should be included in health packages under health insurance. A statistically significant (p<0.05) difference was observed among 3 rd year & 4 thyear students and interns and also it was found that female students provided more positive responses towards medical-dental collaboration. CONCLUSIONS Even though medical students showed fairly positive attitudes and knowledge towards dentistry, the analysis within the study groups showed that knowledge and attitudes regarding the collaborative practice worsened over the academic years among the medical students. In order to destigmatize and foster interdisciplinary collaboration which would contribute to higher resource efficiency and the standard of care, continuing education in both the disciplines would be highly beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Atul Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ashita Uppoor
- Professor and Dean, Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - David Kadakampally
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Dean and Professor, Department of Community Medicine,, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Additional Professor, Department of Community Medicine,, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Dsouza B, Prabhu R, Unnikrishnan B, Ballal S, Mundkur SC, Chandra Sekaran V, Shetty A, Moreira P. Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge and Level of Adherence among Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Global Health 2023; 2023:4295613. [PMID: 37033597 PMCID: PMC10081894 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4295613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on the level of knowledge and adherence to the treatment regimen among hemodialysis (HD) patients as well as to describe the association between these variables. Methods. In this randomized controlled trial, 160 HD patients at an HD centre of a 2030-bed tertiary teaching hospital in Southern India were randomly assigned into intervention (N = 80, received education and a booklet) and control (N = 80, received standard care) groups. Knowledge and adherence were measured preintervention and postintervention using a validated questionnaire for knowledge and the ESRD-AQ (End-Stage Renal Disease Questionnaire) for the level of adherence. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the help of the Statistical Program SPSS version 19.0. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results. The increase in knowledge on disease management, fluid adherence, and dietary adherence in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the control group. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and adherence. Adherence improved for all the domains, i.e., dialysis attendance, episodes of shortening, adherence to medication, fluid restriction, and dietary restriction. Adherence to fluid and dietary restriction was statistically significant. This trail is registered with https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/CTRI/2018/05/014166.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayal Dsouza
- Department of Social and Health Innovation, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravindra Prabhu
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - B. Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sudarshan Ballal
- Manipal Hospitals, Manipal Health Enterprises Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suneel C. Mundkur
- Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran
- Department of Health Policy, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Avinash Shetty
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Paulo Moreira
- International Healthcare Management Research and Development Center (IHM-RDC), Shandong Qianfoshan Provincial Hospital, Shandong Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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B A, Nayak BS, B U, N R, N SY, Mundkur SC. Impact of a home-based nutritional intervention program on nutritional status of preschool children: a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:51. [PMID: 36611154 PMCID: PMC9825017 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition in under-five children remains a worldwide health issue and is considered one of the leading causes of increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess the impact of home-based nutritional intervention on the nutritional status of preschool children living in rural areas of South India. METHODS A single-blinded cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of the intervention, with weight gain as the primary outcome. A cluster of 12 villages was randomized to intervention or control arms. A total of 253 underweight preschool children from 12 clusters (villages) were randomized to intervention (n = 127) and control arm (n = 126). The intervention was composed of a health-teaching program and a demonstration of nutritious food preparation in addition to the regular services provided at the Anganwadi centers. The control arm received only standard routine care provided in the Anganwadi centre. The anthropometric assessment was carried out at the baseline and every month for a year. RESULT A significant increase in the mean weight kilograms was noted in the intervention group (11.9 ± 0.98 to 13.78 ± 0.89) compared to the control group (11.8 ± 1.03 to 12.96 ± 0.88). In the intervention group, at the baseline, 41.5% were moderately malnourished (> - 2SD-3SD), which decreased to 24% at the end of the year. Similarly, severe malnutrition decreased from 8.69 to 3.16%, while 20.5% of malnourished children achieved normal nutritional status. In the control group, undernourished children demonstrated minimal changes in nutritional status. Analysis of repeated measures of ANOVA results between the intervention and control groups on weight measurements (F (1, 251) = 15.42, p .001) and height measurements (F (2, 1258) = 1.540, p .001) revealed statistical significance. CONCLUSION The nutritional status of preschool children is found to be improved by home-based intervention, which includes training mothers or caregivers in planning and preparing healthy nutritious diets, providing timely care, and gaining an understanding and knowledge of the nutritional status along with regular home-based diet preparation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ctri@gov.in CTRI/2017/03/008273 [Registered on: 31/03/2017].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuya B
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Baby S. Nayak
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Ravishankar N
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashidhara Y. N
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Suneel C. Mundkur
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
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Mahmood A, Nayak P, Deshmukh A, English C, N M, Solomon M J, B U. Measurement, determinants, barriers, and interventions for exercise adherence: A scoping review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2023; 33:95-105. [PMID: 36775533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to exercise interventions is the cornerstone of a successful rehabilitation program. However, there is limited evidence on multifaceted components of exercise adherence. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the existing literature on measurement, determinants, barriers, theoretical frameworks, and evidence-based interventions that support exercise adherence. METHODS We conducted a scoping review based on the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guidelines and searched the literature in PubMed, Cochrane Databases of Systematic Reviews, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened articles. The included articles were subjected to data extraction and qualitative synthesis. RESULTS A total of 72 articles were included for this review. Data synthesis showed that there are no gold standard methods of measuring exercise adherence; however, questionnaires and daily logs are commonly used tools. The determinants of adherence are personal, disease-related, therapy-related, provider-related, and health system-related. The common barriers to adherence are the absence of a caregiver, low health literacy, poor communication by healthcare providers, cost, and lack of access to health facilities. Few evidence-based interventions used for supporting adherence are behavioral strategies, improving self-efficacy, motivational therapy, and mHealth or multimedia. CONCLUSION Non-adherence to exercises is a challenge for healthcare providers. There are no standard guidelines for the evaluation and management of non-adherence to exercises. Future studies should aim at developing objective measures of exercise adherence and investigate the long-term effects of adherence strategies in different disease populations. It is an under-researched area and requires multipronged strategies to improve adherence levels among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Mahmood
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Birley Fields Campus, Bonsall Street, M15 6GX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Pradeepa Nayak
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Birley Fields Campus, Bonsall Street, M15 6GX, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Anagha Deshmukh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Coralie English
- School of Health Sciences and Priority Research, Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Manikandan N
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - John Solomon M
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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Antony T, Vishak Acharya K, Unnikrishnan B, Keerthi N. A Silent March- Post Covid Fibrosis in Asymptomatics-A Cause for Concern? Indian J Tuberc 2022; 70:249-252. [PMID: 37100584 PMCID: PMC9131542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a case series of patients presenting with undiagnosed pulmonary fibrosis as a primary manifestation. On evaluation, after excluding other causes, the fibrosis was attributed to asymptomatic or mild COVID illness in the past. This case series serves to highlight the difficulties posed to clinicians while evaluating pulmonary fibrosis in the post-COVID era, more so in mild to asymptomatic COVID-19. The intriguing possibility of fibrosis setting even in mild to asymptomatic COVID is discussed.
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Mahmood A, Deshmukh A, Natarajan M, Marsden D, Vyslysel G, Padickaparambil S, Ts S, Direito A, Kumaran S, N G, Sachdev H, Kumar Veluswamy S, Karthikbabu S, Unnikrishnan B, English C, Solomon JM. Development of strategies to support home-based exercise adherence after stroke: a Delphi consensus. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055946. [PMID: 34992120 PMCID: PMC8739434 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a set of strategies to enhance adherence to home-based exercises after stroke, and an overarching framework to classify these strategies. METHOD We conducted a four-round Delphi consensus (two online surveys, followed by a focus group then a consensus round). The Delphi panel consisted of 13 experts from physiotherapy, occupational therapy, clinical psychology, behaviour science and community medicine. The experts were from India, Australia and UK. RESULTS In round 1, a 10-item survey using open-ended questions was emailed to panel members and 75 strategies were generated. Of these, 25 strategies were included in round 2 for further consideration. A total of 64 strategies were finally included in the subsequent rounds. In round 3, the strategies were categorised into nine domains-(1) patient education on stroke and recovery, (2) method of exercise prescription, (3) feedback and supervision, (4) cognitive remediation, (5) involvement of family members, (6) involvement of society, (7) promoting self-efficacy, (8) motivational strategies and (9) reminder strategies. The consensus from 12 experts (93%) led to the development of the framework in round 4. CONCLUSION We developed a framework of comprehensive strategies to assist clinicians in supporting exercise adherence among stroke survivors. It provides practical methods that can be deployed in both research and clinical practices. Future studies should explore stakeholders' experiences and the cost-effectiveness of implementing these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Mahmood
- Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Center for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anagha Deshmukh
- Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manikandan Natarajan
- Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Center for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Dianne Marsden
- Hunter Stroke Service, Hunter New England Local Health District, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mental Health Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Glade Vyslysel
- Westlakes Community Rehabilitation Team, Hunter New England Local Health District, Toronto, NSW, Australia
| | - Sebastian Padickaparambil
- Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shwetha Ts
- Clinical Psychology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Artur Direito
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Senthil Kumaran
- Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Center for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Girish N
- Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Harpreet Sachdev
- Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Suruliraj Karthikbabu
- Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Coralie English
- Priority Research Centre Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John M Solomon
- Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Center for Comprehensive Stroke Rehabilitation and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Acharya V, Shirali A, B U. Sudden unexplained deaths and COVID-19: is there more than what meets the eye? J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2021; 51:310-317. [PMID: 34528625 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2021.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishak Acharya
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India,
| | - Arun Shirali
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Acharya V, B U, Baliga S, Rai S. Gene Sequencing Surveillance and the Vaccines- The Present Disconnect. J Assoc Physicians India 2021; 69:11-12. [PMID: 34472822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishak Acharya
- Professor, Dept of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, KMC, Mangalore, MAHE, Manipal Karnataka
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Professor, Dept of Community Medicine,Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, KMC, Mangalore, MAHE, Manipal Karnataka
| | - Shrikala Baliga
- Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, KMC, Mangalore, MAHE, Manipal Karnataka
| | - Santosh Rai
- Associate Professor, Dept. of Radiodiagnosis, KMC, Mangalore, MAHE, Manipal Karnataka
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Nimbulkar GC, Chhabra KG, Deolia S, Unnikrishnan B. Public Health Dentist: An Untapped Potential during COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the 21st century has encountered various outbreaks, causing global disruption and highlighting our vulnerability to epidemics. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory illness. Approximately 15% of the affected individuals show severe symptoms requiring oxygen, and of these, 5% require ventilation. This pandemic has affected more than 216 countries or territories (by 20th September 2020), infecting more than 30.6 million people; hitherto, 950000 deaths have been reported. This public health emergency has created a disproportionate burden on the health care system worldwide. Therefore, the management and resolution of this critical situations require the mobilisation of excessive human resources for rapid response, and time is essential in the management of this crisis. Together, these factors contribute to the rapid capacity development with the minimal investment of time and resources, which requires the deployment of an existing skilled workforce, such as public health dentists. These dentists have administrative capabilities and can work in coherence with the community and other health professionals. The present review aims to highlight the areas in which the untapped potential of Public Health Dentists can be explored to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Bhardwaj K, Shenoy M S, Baliga S, Unnikrishnan B, Baliga BS. Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to antibiotic use and resistance among the general public of coastal south Karnataka, India – A cross-sectional survey. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Rai SPV, Acharya VK, Shreenivasa A, Unnikrishnan B. The dynamically changing role of CT chest in COVID 19 patients - Plugging the gaps in the guidelines! Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 31:S218-S220. [PMID: 33814791 PMCID: PMC7996673 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_637_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Phajir Vishwanath Rai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India E-mail:
| | - Vishak K Acharya
- Chest Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - A Shreenivasa
- Chest Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Bhardwaj K, Shenoy M S, Baliga S, B U, Baliga BS, Shetty VK. Research Note: Characterization of antibiotic resistant phenotypes and linked genes of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from healthy broiler chickens, Karnataka, India. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101094. [PMID: 33989952 PMCID: PMC8135037 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was carried out to estimate the burden and pattern of antibiotic resistance and to identify antibiotic resistance genes with focus on ESBL producers, plasmid mediated quinolone resistance, and tetracycline efflux genes, in faecal bacterial isolates collected from poultry farms of coastal Southern Karnataka, India. High resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed with 94% Escherichia coli and 80% Klebsiella pneumoniae being resistant to both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. All the Escherichia coli strains were resistant to tetracycline (100%). qnrB (38%) was the most common gene detected followed by qnrS (27%) and qnrA (21.5%). All Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates resistant to tetracycline harbored tetA gene. Most of the isolates in our study had high MAR indices indicating rampant use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Bhardwaj
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Shenoy M
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, PSPH, Manipal, India.
| | - Shrikala Baliga
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India; Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, PSPH, Manipal, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Light House Hill Road, Hampankatta, Mangalore, 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - B Shantharam Baliga
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Light House Hill Road, Hampankatta, Mangalore, 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasanth Kumar Shetty
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Government Veterinary Hospital, Jail Road, Karangalpady, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
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Acharya KV, Unnikrishnan B. Is it time to truncate the trusted '3-T Strategy'. J Healthc Qual Res 2021; 36:178-179. [PMID: 33648883 PMCID: PMC7908835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K V Acharya
- Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Professor, Department of Community & Preventive Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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Rao A, B U, Rungta N, M N, Shenoy R, Rao A, Shetty MK. Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke among 12 year old Adolescents in Mangalore, Karnataka - A Descriptive Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:827-835. [PMID: 33773547 PMCID: PMC8286669 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.3.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no safe level of exposure to second hand tobacco smoke (SHS). The World Health Organization has stressed that 100% smoke-free environments are the only effective way to protect the population from the harmful effects of exposure to SHS. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire study was done on 1442, 12 year old, adolescents in Mangalore to determine the exposure to SHS and adolescents’ knowledge, attitude, avoidance and self-efficacy of avoidance towards SHS. Results: The percentage of children exposed to SHS at home was 28.6%. A higher number of male students reported that their parent and/or sibling smoked tobacco compared to their female counterparts. About 48% of the participants reported that persons who lived with them smoked in front of children and this was found to be significantly higher among males compared to females. Atleast 46% of the participants had knowledge of second hand tobacco smoke. The avoidance behaviour of the participants was good with most of the participants reporting positive avoidance towards SHS. With respect to their self - efficacy of avoidance of SHS, most of them were confident of avoiding SHS when they were with family or friends but the confidence was less with respect to strangers. Multivariate general linear model analysis showed a significant association between gender and exposure to SHS to 14 items out of the 25 items in the four domains. Males and those not exposed to SHS showed better knowledge, positive attitude, positive avoidance behaviour and positive self efficacy of avoidance to SHS. Conclusion: The findings of our study indicate that better knowledge and a positive attitude and avoidance behavior are associated with reduced exposure to SHS and this reinforces the fact that a sustained health education program incorporated into the school curriculum is the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Rao
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, A constituent unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nikita Rungta
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nandini M
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, A constituent unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Arathi Rao
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Mranali K Shetty
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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Kumar A, Hejmady DI, B U, Thapar R, Kumar N, Holla R, B B D, Shetty V, Charitha ISD, K RH. Are Our Diabetic Patients Adherent to the Treatment? Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e022221191731. [PMID: 33622226 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666210223114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the adherence to treatment among type 2 diabetic patients. BACKGROUND Treatment adherence is a complex process that is controlled by multiple factors. Lack of treatment adherence is common with patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes and is becoming a very prevalent problem especially with the patients who suffer from non-communicable diseases (NCD) worldwide. OBJECTIVE To estimate the adherence to treatment among type 2 diabetic patients and the perception and practice of self-management among them. METHODS A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted amongst the patients of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, a coastal city of southern India. The questionnaire consisted of Medical Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) to assess how adherent the patient is to the treatment and the Diabetes Self-care Questionnaire (DSMQ) for assessing the various self-care practices employed by diabetic patients. The data obtained was entered and the analysis was done by using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. RESULTS The study involved 95 patients and the mean age was found to be 50.71 ± 12.633 years. More than 60% of the study population were male and 78.9% were literate. Nearly half of the patients (49.5%) had been on treatment for a duration of >5 years. Eighty-two percent population (82.1%) were adherent to their medications. Adherence was found to be nearly eighty percent (79.5%) among the literates. CONCLUSION Adherence was more among the males as compared to the females. Most patients in the study had been adherent to their medications prescribed to them. Most of them were on oral drugs only. The majority of the patients who had diabetes mellitus were found to have inadequate self-care management for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Jamshedpur-831017, Jharkhand, India
| | - Dhruv Indiresh Hejmady
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshan B B
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnu Shetty
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - I S Divya Charitha
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakshith Hegde K
- Department of Community Medicine Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore- 575001, Karnataka, India
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Adapala RR, Shetty R, Venugopal P, Prabhu GGL, Yalla D, Unnikrishnan B. Renal salvage, an achievable goal in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: Outcomes of an algorithmic renal preserving strategy. Urol Ann 2020; 12:156-162. [PMID: 32565654 PMCID: PMC7292438 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_67_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emergency nephrectomy has been the time-honored treatment of choice for emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), a fatal gas-forming necrotizing infection. Recent years have seen a shift toward nonextirpative approach aimed to achieve higher rates of renal salvage, limiting the indications for nephrectomy to severe grades of the disease. This study aimed at analyzing the role of initial renal preserving measures algorithmically applied across grades of EPN. Materials and Methods We prospectively analyzed the clinical data and outcome of 36 consecutive patients of EPN in 5 years' study period, treated by renal preserving measures, which include aggressive resuscitation, parenteral antibiotics, effective drainage of infected fluid/gas, and relieving the urinary tract obstruction. Huang-Tseng computed tomography-based classification system was used to categorize the patients as well as to employ suitable treatment modality. Results The mean age of the patients was 57.5 ± 12 years with female preponderance (2:1). Diabetes mellitus (97%) was the most common associated factor. Escherichia coli was (72%) the most frequent causative organism found. Urinary tract obstruction was seen in 27 patients (75%) attributable to ureteric calculi, renal papillary necrosis, ureteric stricture, and fungal bezoar in the descending order of frequency. Only 2 (6%) out of 36 patients managed according to our hospital renal salvage protocol required salvage nephrectomy. The overall survival rate was 94%. Conclusion Our hospital-based algorithmic renal preserving strategy not only improved the survival but also decreased the need for nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjit Shetty
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospitals, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - P Venugopal
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospitals, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - G G L Prabhu
- Department of Urology, Kasturba Medical College Hospitals, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Durgarao Yalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Bernabe E, Marcenes W, Hernandez C, Bailey J, Abreu L, Alipour V, Amini S, Arabloo J, Arefi Z, Arora A, Ayanore M, Bärnighausen T, Bijani A, Cho D, Chu D, Crowe C, Demoz G, Demsie D, Dibaji Forooshani Z, Du M, El Tantawi M, Fischer F, Folayan M, Futran N, Geramo Y, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hariyani N, Hasanzadeh A, Hassanipour S, Hay S, Hole M, Hostiuc S, Ilic M, James S, Kalhor R, Kemmer L, Keramati M, Khader Y, Kisa S, Kisa A, Koyanagi A, Lalloo R, Le Nguyen Q, London S, Manohar N, Massenburg B, Mathur M, Meles H, Mestrovic T, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mokdad A, Morrison S, Nazari J, Nguyen T, Nguyen C, Nixon M, Olagunju T, Pakshir K, Pathak M, Rabiee N, Rafiei A, Ramezanzadeh K, Rios-Blancas M, Roro E, Sabour S, Samy A, Sawhney M, Schwendicke F, Shaahmadi F, Shaikh M, Stein C, Tovani-Palone M, Tran B, Unnikrishnan B, Vu G, Vukovic A, Warouw T, Zaidi Z, Zhang Z, Kassebaum N. Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. J Dent Res 2020; 99:362-373. [PMID: 32122215 PMCID: PMC7088322 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520908533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Government and nongovernmental organizations need national and global estimates on the descriptive epidemiology of common oral conditions for policy planning and evaluation. The aim of this component of the Global Burden of Disease study was to produce estimates on prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability for oral conditions from 1990 to 2017 by sex, age, and countries. In addition, this study reports the global socioeconomic pattern in burden of oral conditions by the standard World Bank classification of economies as well as the Global Burden of Disease Socio-demographic Index. The findings show that oral conditions remain a substantial population health challenge. Globally, there were 3.5 billion cases (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI], 3.2 to 3.7 billion) of oral conditions, of which 2.3 billion (95% UI, 2.1 to 2.5 billion) had untreated caries in permanent teeth, 796 million (95% UI, 671 to 930 million) had severe periodontitis, 532 million (95% UI, 443 to 622 million) had untreated caries in deciduous teeth, 267 million (95% UI, 235 to 300 million) had total tooth loss, and 139 million (95% UI, 133 to 146 million) had other oral conditions in 2017. Several patterns emerged when the World Bank’s classification of economies and the Socio-demographic Index were used as indicators of economic development. In general, more economically developed countries have the lowest burden of untreated dental caries and severe periodontitis and the highest burden of total tooth loss. The findings offer an opportunity for policy makers to identify successful oral health strategies and strengthen them; introduce and monitor different approaches where oral diseases are increasing; plan integration of oral health in the agenda for prevention of noncommunicable diseases; and estimate the cost of providing universal coverage for dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Bernabe
- E. Bernabe, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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Rao A, B U, Mithra P, M N, Shenoy R, Rungta N. Effectiveness of a School-Based 'Tobacco Free' Intervention on Adolescents' Knowledge and Exposure to Second Hand Tobacco Smoke - A Multiphase Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3533-3537. [PMID: 31870091 PMCID: PMC7173383 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.12.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no safe level of exposure to second hand tobacco smoke (SHS). The World Health Organization has stressed that 100% smoke-free environments are the only effective way to protect the population from the harmful effects of exposure to SHS. DESIGN A multiphase study with a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire phase 1 and a phase 2 cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT), conceptualized to determine the effectiveness of a school-based 'tobacco free' health education intervention on adolescents' knowledge and attitude towards SHS. METHODS Baseline assessment will include a questionnaire followed by estimation of salivary cotinine levels. The experimental arm will receive the 'tobacco free' intervention, which includes 40 min health education session delivered once a week for 3 consecutive weeks. Participants will also be given 'take home brochures' every week containing messages on the effects of tobacco and how to make their homes smoke-free. The sample of 250 participants, for the Phase 2 RCT, with salivary cotinine levels of > 0.1 ng/mL will be selected from the participants of the Phase 1 study. The effect of the intervention will be quantitatively assessed by estimating the salivary cotinine levels after the intervention. Participants in the control arm will receive conventional standard health education once. CONCLUSION This research will help in assessing if there is any change in the salivary cotinine levels and the knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores after the health educational intervention and help in developing an effective school-based 'tobacco free' intervention program which could be incorporated into the school curriculum. This study has received the Public Health Research Initiative (PHRI) Research Grant of Rs. 18,99,205 and is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) with number CTRI/2018/09/015706 (Registered on 13/09/2018). Ethical approval has been obtained from The Institutional Ethics Committee (No.17021 dated 13 march 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Rao
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore,
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore,
| | - Nandini M
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, A Constituent Unit of Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.
| | - Ramya Shenoy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,
| | - Nikita Rungta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences,
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Dsouza B, Prabhu RA, Unnikrishnan B, Shetty A, Reshmi B. A Qualitative Study on Factors Affecting Adherence Among Indian Haemodialysis Patients at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital of Southern India. Journal of Health Management 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0972063419868583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-adherence to treatment regimen can have a detrimental effect on the heath of dialysis patients, increase mortality, morbidity and increase in healthcare service utilization and cost of hospitalization. This qualitative study explores the factors affecting adherence among the dialysis population visiting a tertiary care teaching hospital in southern India by conducting one-to-one in-depth interviews with the patients as well as key informant interview with the caregivers at the outpatient dialysis facility of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed using ATLAS.ti. Patient factors, health financing, cultural beliefs, caregivers’ burden and health systems factors were identified. Understanding the factors affecting adherence can help the healthcare providers and the government to devise strategies to promote adherence and improved well-being among dialysis patients. Universal health coverage for dialysis, regulations to safeguard employment, creating awareness about opting for critical illness policies through private insurance companies when the disease is not pre-existing can reduce the out-of-pocket expenditure; these are some of the important areas for consideration to promote adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayal Dsouza
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravindra A Prabhu
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Avinash Shetty
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Nilima, Kamath A, Shetty K, Unnikrishnan B, Kaushik S, Rai SN. Prevalence, patterns, and predictors of diarrhea: a spatial-temporal comprehensive evaluation in India. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1288. [PMID: 30470208 PMCID: PMC6251155 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spatial analysis has been vital in mapping the spread of diseases and assisting in policy making. Targeting diarrhea transmission hotspots is one of the potential strategies for reducing diarrhea cases. This study aimed to examine the spatial-temporal variations and to identify the modifiable determinants of diarrhea while controlling for the spatial dependence in the data. METHODS An ecological study on diarrhea data from DLHS-3 and NFHS- 4 in India. Moran's I and LISA were used to detect the spatial clustering of diarrhea cases and to test for clustering in the data. Spatial regression was used to identify the modifiable factors associated with the prevalence of diarrhea. The study comprised of the prevalence of diarrhea among the children below the age of five years (U-5 s) across different states in India. The determinants of diarrhea were obtained using spatial lag models. The software used were GeoDa 1.6.6 and QGIS 2.0. RESULTS The presence of spatial autocorrelation in DLHS-3 and NFHS-4 (Moron's I = 0.577 and 0.369 respectively) enforces the usage of geographical properties while modeling the diarrhea data. The geographic clustering of high-prevalence districts was observed in the state of UP consistently. The spatial pattern of the percentage of children with diarrhea was persistently associated with the household with a sanitation facility (%) (p = 0.023 and p = 0.011). Compared to the diarrhea cases in the period 2007-2008, no much reduction was observed in the period 2015-2016. The prevalence of diarrhea and percentage of household with sanitation were ranging between 0.1-33.8% and 1.3-96.1% in the period 2007-2008 and 0.6-29.1% and 10.4-92.0% in the period 2015-2016 respectively. The least and highest prevalence of diarrhea being consistently from Assam and UP respectively. CONCLUSION Despite improvements in controlling spread of diarrheal disease, the burden remains high. Focus on widespread diarrheal disease control strategy by addressing the social determinants of health like basic sanitation is crucial to reduce the burden of diarrhea among U-5 s in India. The identification of hotspots will aid in the planning of control strategies for goal setting in the targeted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Karthik Shetty
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Siddharth Kaushik
- V-4 division, Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shesh N Rai
- Biostatistics Shared Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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John AE, Binu VS, Unnikrishnan B. Determinants of antenatal care utilization in India: a spatial evaluation of evidence for public health reforms. Public Health 2018; 166:57-64. [PMID: 30453146 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective is to examine the spatial variations and to identify the determinants of antenatal care (ANC) utilization while controlling for the spatial dependence in the data. STUDY DESIGN This is an ecological study on ANC utilization data from District Level Household Survey-4 (2012-2013) in India. METHODS A secondary data analysis was performed on the derived data. The unit of analysis in this ecological study was 275 districts from 20 states of India. The study comprises ever married women of reproductive age. Determinants of ANC utilization were obtained using ordinary least square (OLS), spatial lag, and spatial error models. Model adequacy check was performed using the Akaike information criterion, R-squared, log likelihood, and Schwarz criterion. The software used is GeoDa and Quantum Geographic Information System. RESULTS The presence of spatial autocorrelation (Moron's I = 0.6210) enforces the usage of geographic properties while modeling. The geographic clustering of low-rate districts was observed in states in Northeast India. In the present study, the model adequacy check reveals that the spatial error model performs better than the spatial lag and OLS models. The spatial pattern of the percentage of pregnant women with full ANC was observed to be associated with literacy (P = 0.04), birth order (P < 0.001), Janani Suraksha Yojana beneficiaries (P = 0.048), and availability of health infrastructure, staff, and services (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS The present study findings provide valuable insights into factors affecting ANC utilization. In addition to available ANC services, customized safe motherhood interventions and region-specific awareness programs would enhance the utilization, ensuring better maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E John
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - V S Binu
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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Kumar A, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Darshan B, Chekragari M. Determinants for Acceptability of a Conditional Cash Transfer Scheme (Janani Suraksha Yojana) for Encouraging Institutional Deliveries among Antenatal Mothers. Journal of Health Management 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0972063418763655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this artile is to assess the determinants of acceptance of conditional cash transfer scheme (Janani Suraksha Yojana [JSY]) among antenatal women in Mangalore.The study is on matched case control study. The study has been carried out in the Government maternity hospital of Manipal University and on the antenatal women visiting government hospital for Ante natal care (ANC) and belonged to below poverty line. Total of 136 pregnant females, that is, 68 cases (availing conditional cash benefit) and 68 controls (not availing conditional cash benefit), were recruited in the study. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. The association between the educational status of the participant and their acceptance of JSY and association between the educational status of the participant’s spouse and acceptance of JSY by their wives has been found to be statistically significant. The JSY has been successfully promoting institutional deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B. Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T. Rekha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B.B. Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Ansuya, Nayak BS, Unnikrishnan B, George A, N SY, Mundkur SC, Guddattu V. Risk factors for malnutrition among preschool children in rural Karnataka: a case-control study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:283. [PMID: 29482540 PMCID: PMC5828120 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of malnutrition among children in developing countries is very high. As a step towards reducing the prevalence of malnutrition, there is a need to identify the important determinants of malnutrition in the specific population so that preventive and control measures can be implemented. The objective of the study is to determine the risk factors for malnutrition among preschool children in Rural Karnataka, South India. METHODS A case-control study was carried out among preschool children, aged between three to six years, attending the Anganwadi centers and their mothers' in Udupi district of Karnataka, India. A total of 570 children (190 cases and 380 controls) were selected by multistage cluster sampling technique. A semi-structured risk factors questionnaire was used to identify the risk factors for malnutrition among children. RESULTS The majority (45.8 and 45.5%) of the children in the study were in the age group of 3.0 to 4.0 years in case and control groups respectively. There was a slight preponderance of illiterate parents among cases in comparison to the controls. Largely, 87.4% of the children belonged to poor socio-economic status in the case groups compared to 82.4% in the control group. After adjusting for the confounders, underweight was significantly associated with socio-economic status of the parents (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.06, 3.96), birth weight < 2000 g (aOR: 25, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.59), recurrent diarrhoea (aOR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.56, 4.83), recurrent cold and cough (aOR: 3.88, 95% CI: 1.96, 7.67), worm infestation (aOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.38) and prelacteal feed given (aOR: 3.64, 95% CI: 2.27, 5.86). CONCLUSION Parental education, childhood illness, short birth interval, open defecation, type of weaning and complimentary food given to children were some of the significant determinants of underweight that were found in the study. Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns alleviating food habits and taboos and promoting birth spacing is the need of the hour for preventing the occurrence of undernutrition among preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansuya
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Baby S Nayak
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of community medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangaluru, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Anice George
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shashidhara Y N
- Community Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Suneel C Mundkur
- Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Vasudev Guddattu
- Department of Statistics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
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Affiliation(s)
- B Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University); Department of Community Medicine; Mangalore Karnataka India 575001
| | - Shabin Fahad
- Kasturba Medical College; Department of General Surgery; Light House Hill Road Mangalore Karnataka India 575001
| | - Shevonne Tresa Matheiken
- Kasturba Medical College; Department of Community Medicine; Light House Hill Road Mangalore Karnataka India 575001
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Nambiar S, Roy P, Unnikrishnan B, Desai A, Suresh C. Assessment of Sagittal Skeletal Base Relationship of Maxilla and Mandible by Horizontal Appraisal Method—A Comparative and Reliability Study. J Orofac Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_14_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kumar A, Alwani AA, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R. Determinants of Intrauterine Device Acceptance among Married Women in Coastal Karnataka, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/34146.11637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ansuya ., Nayak BS, Unnikrishnan B, Ravishankar N, Shetty A, Mundkur SC. Malnutrition among Children in Karnataka: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/36455.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Joshua AM, Karnad SD, Nayak A, Suresh BV, Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B. Effect of foot placements during sit to stand transition on timed up and go test in stroke subjects: A cross sectional study. NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 40:355-362. [PMID: 28222557 DOI: 10.3233/nre-161423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Timed up and go (TUG) test is been used as a screening tool for the assessment of risk of falling in individuals following stroke. Though TUG test is a quick test, it has fair sensitivity compared to other tests. This study was carried out to obtain and compare test scores for different types of foot placements during sit to stand transition in stroke subjects. METHOD A Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling included 28 post stroke subjects who were able to walk 6 meter with or without assistance. Timed Up and Go test was carried out with four different types of foot placements and scores were recorded. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis One way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULT There were comparable differences between asymmetric 1 test strategy which involved affected extremity to be placed behind the unaffected and other test strategies (Z = -4.457,-3.848,-4.458; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION The initial foot placements during sit to stand transition influenced the time taken to complete the test which was significantly higher in asymmetric 1 strategy, Incorporation of the initial foot placement mainly asymmetric 1 strategy into conventional TUG test would help in identifying accurately the subject's functional mobility and postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Joshua
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Shreekanth D Karnad
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Akshatha Nayak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - B V Suresh
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
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Abstract
Background: Bronchoscopy and different techniques to obtain tissue sample form the cornerstone of lung cancer
diagnostics. The utility, specificity and sensitivity of various techniques are compared against each other and also in
relation to the tumour type, location and morphology. Aim: To assess and compare the utility of various bronchoscopic
procedures in lung malignancies. Study also compares the utility of these techniques on tumour site, morphology and
cell type. Methods: One hundred and fifty six patients with suspected malignancies in whom bronchoscopy was deemed
as the primary diagnostic procedure were selected. These patients underwent bronchoscopic lavage, brushings and
biopsy. Samples were assessed by microbiological, cytology and histopathological analysis. Results: Bronchoscopic
procedures have a high diagnostic accuracy of 81.25% in confirming lung malignancies in central tumours and also
in non-accessible peripheral tumours. Bronchial brushings had the highest yield in central tumours (55.9%) and a
reasonably good yield even in perpipheral tumours (40.8%). When all the modalities were compared against each other,
brushings was the single most decisive technique as it alone yielded a diagnosis in a significant 33% of cases, whereas
the comparative diagnosis by biopsy alone was in a minority 7.6% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishak Acharya K
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University),
angalore, India.
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Thunga S, Andrews A, Ramapuram J, Satyamoorthy K, Kini H, Unnikrishnan B, Adhikari P, Singh P, Kabekkodu SP, Bhat S, Kadam A, Shetty AK. Cervical cytological abnormalities and human papilloma virus infection in women infected with HIV in Southern India. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1822-1828. [PMID: 27641071 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the association between CD4 count, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 HIV-infected women attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic. They underwent Pap smear and cervical HPV DNA testing. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 57.7%. HPV 16 was the commonest genotype found (38.5%); HPV 16 and 18 put together contributed to 73.3% of HPV infection; 27.5% of HIV-infected women had squamous cell abnormalities. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was less likely among women with CD4 count > 500/mm3 (12%) and in those without opportunistic infections (17.8%). The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was higher in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or greater lesions (85.7%) as compared to women with normal cytology (52.1%). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women warrants the need for regular Pap smear screening in these women and routine HPV vaccination for adolescents to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Thunga
- Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - John Ramapuram
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Hema Kini
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabha Adhikari
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakhar Singh
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Samatha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anagha Kadam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash K Shetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Unnikrishnan B. Visionary leadership in health - Delivering superior value. Indian J Community Med 2016. [PMCID: PMC5112976 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.193343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Khatib MN, Shankar A, Kirubakaran R, Agho K, Simkhada P, Gaidhane S, Saxena D, B U, Gode D, Gaidhane A, Zahiruddin SQ. Effect of ghrelin on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in experimental rat and mice models of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126697. [PMID: 26016489 PMCID: PMC4446297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) continues to be a challenging condition in terms of prevention and management of the disease. Studies have demonstrated various cardio-protective effects of Ghrelin. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of Ghrelin on mortality and cardiac function in experimental rats/mice models of HF. METHODS Data sources: PUBMED, Scopus. We searched the Digital Dissertations and conference proceedings on Web of Science. Search methods: We systematically searched for all controlled trials (upto November 2014) which assessed the effects of Ghrelin (irrespective of dose, form, frequency, duration and route of administration) on mortality and cardiac function in rats/ mice models of HF. Ghrelin administration irrespective of dose, form, frequency, duration and route of administration. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed each abstract for eligibility and extracted data on characteristics of the experimental model used, intervention and outcome measures. We assessed the methodological quality by SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for all studies and the quality of evidence by GRADEpro. We performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3. RESULTS A total of 325 animals (rats and mice) were analyzed across seven studies. The meta-analysis revealed that the mortality in Ghrelin group was 31.1% and in control group was 40% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.47) i.e Ghrelin group had 68 fewer deaths per 1000 (from 216 fewer to 188 more) as compared to the control group. The meta-analysis reveals that the heart rate in rats/mice on Ghrelin was higher (MD 13.11, 95% CI 1.14 to 25.08, P=0.66) while the mean arterial blood pressure (MD -1.38, 95% CI -5.16 to 2.41, P=0.48) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (MD -2.45, 95% CI -4.46 to -0.43, P=0.02) were lower as compared to the those on placebo. There were insignificant changes in cardiac output (SMD 0.28, 95% CI -0.24 to 0.80, P=0.29) and left ventricular end systolic pressure (MD 1.48, 95% CI -3.86 to 6.82, P=0.59). CONCLUSIONS The existing data provides evidence to suggest that Ghrelin may lower the risk of mortality and improve cardiovascular outcomes. However; the quality of evidence as assessed by GRADEpro is low to very low. Clinical judgments to administer Ghrelin to patients with HF must be made on better designed animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Department of Physiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Anuraj Shankar
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Kingsley Agho
- Department Biostatistics, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Padam Simkhada
- Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- Department of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Dilip Gode
- Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Abhay Gaidhane
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Syed Quazi Zahiruddin
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, Maharashtra State, India
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Yamini TR, Nichter M, Nichter M, Sairu P, Aswathy S, Leelamoni K, Unnikrishnan B, P PM, Thapar R, Basha SR, Jayasree AK, Mayamol TR, Muramoto M, Mini GK, Thankappan KR. Developing a fully integrated tobacco curriculum in medical colleges in India. BMC Med Educ 2015; 15:90. [PMID: 25990861 PMCID: PMC4455282 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes a pioneering effort to introduce tobacco cessation into India's undergraduate medical college curriculum. This is the first ever attempt to fully integrate tobacco control across all years of medical college in any low and middle income country. The development, pretesting, and piloting of an innovative modular tobacco curriculum are discussed as well as challenges that face implementation and steps taken to address them and to advocate for adoption by the Medical Council of India. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with administrators and faculty in five medical colleges to determine interest in and willingness to fully integrate smoking cessation into the college curriculum. Current curriculum was reviewed for present exposure to information about tobacco and cessation skill training. A modular tobacco curriculum was developed, pretested, modified, piloted, and evaluated by faculty and students. Qualitative research was conducted to identify challenges to future curriculum implementation. RESULTS Fifteen modules were successfully developed focusing on the public health importance of tobacco control, the relationship between tobacco and specific organ systems, diseases related to smoking and chewing tobacco, and the impact of tobacco on medication effectiveness. Culturally sensitive illness specific cessation training videos were developed. Faculty and students positively evaluated the curriculum as increasing their competency to support cessation during illness as a teachable moment. Students conducted illness centered cessation interviews with patients as a mandated part of their coursework. Systemic challenges to implementing the curriculum were identified and addressed. CONCLUSIONS A fully integrated tobacco curriculum for medical colleges was piloted in 5 colleges and is now freely available online. The curriculum has been adopted by the state of Kerala as a first step to gaining Medical Council of India review and possible recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Yamini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Mark Nichter
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Mimi Nichter
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - P Sairu
- Department of Community Medicine, T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
| | - S Aswathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - K Leelamoni
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Prasanna Mithra P
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - S R Basha
- Department of Community Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - A K Jayasree
- Department of Community Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kannur, Kerala, India.
| | - T R Mayamol
- Department of Community Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kannur, Kerala, India.
| | - Myra Muramoto
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - G K Mini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - K R Thankappan
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Kumar A, Unnikrishnan B, T R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R, B B D. Awareness and attitude regarding breastfeeding and immunization practices among primigravida attending a tertiary care hospital in southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:LC01-5. [PMID: 25954638 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11892.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infant mortality rate (IMR) is considered as one of the most sensitive indicators of health status of a community. Infant mortality figures in India are very high and the two important causes which contributes maximum to the IMR is inadequate breastfeeding and immunization. The major cause of death among under five children in India is neonatal sepsis, diarrhea and pneumonia and breast milk is protective against all the three diseases. Immunization along with breastfeeding reduces a significant number of infant and maternal mortality. Disease like neonatal tetanus is rampant in our country and it can be prevented by vaccination of the women during pregnancy. This study tries to find out the awareness and attitude among the primigravida females regarding breastfeeding and immunization. MATERIALS AND METHODS This facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 primigravida who came to the hospital for delivery and antenatal check-up during March 2014 in three associated teaching hospitals of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, which is situated in coastal South India. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of KMC (Manipal University), Mangalore, India. A pre tested, semi structured questionnaire was used as the data collecting tool. RESULTS Majority (n=163, 87.6%) were Hindus followed by Muslims (n=16, 3.2%). Nearly half of the participants (n=92, 49.5%) were in the 21-25 y age group, 54.8% participants were not aware of correct position of baby during feeding and 10.8% (n=20) believed that immunization should be stopped if it showed side effects. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding and Immunization is an effective way of reducing child and maternal mortality. The results from our study showed that many participants had lacunae in knowledge and attitude and adequate health education should be given to the pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Professor and HOD, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Rekha T
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Darshan B B
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
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Iyengar YR, Vijayakumar K, Abraham JM, Misri ZK, Suresh BV, Unnikrishnan B. Relationship between postural alignment in sitting by photogrammetry and seated postural control in post-stroke subjects. NeuroRehabilitation 2015; 35:181-90. [PMID: 24990027 DOI: 10.3233/nre-141118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE This study was executed to find out correlation between postural alignment in sitting measured through photogrammetry and postural control in sitting following stroke. METHODS A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling consisting of 45 subjects with acute and sub-acute stroke. Postural alignment in sitting was measured through photogrammetry and relevant angles were obtained through software MB Ruler (version 5.0). Seated postural control was measured through Function in Sitting Test (FIST). Correlation was obtained using Spearman's Rank Correlation co-efficient in SPSS software (version 17.0). RESULTS Moderate positive correlation (r = 0.385; p < 0.01) was found between angle of lordosis and angle between acromion, lateral epicondyle and point between radius and ulna. Strong negative correlation (r = -0.435; p < 0.01) was found between cranio-vertebral angle and kyphosis. FIST showed moderate positive correlation (r = 0.3446; p < 0.05) with cranio-vertebral angle and strong positive correlation (r = 0.4336; p < 0.01) with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in upper extremity. CONCLUSION Degree of forward head posture in sitting correlates directly with seated postural control and inversely with degree of kyphosis in sitting post-stroke. Postural control in sitting post-stroke is directly related with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in affected upper extremity in sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Iyengar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vijayakumar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - J M Abraham
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Z K Misri
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Suresh
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
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T R, B U, Mithra PP, Kumar N, Holla R, Raina V, Hashim H, Singh P. Married Men's Involvement in Family Planning - A Study from Coastal Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:LC04-7. [PMID: 26023572 PMCID: PMC4437086 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12101.5837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the years, India has emerged as one of the most populous countries in the world, next only to China. Unregulated fertility can compromise the economic development and political stability of a country. Family planning was always thought to be a woman's prerogative, especially in a male dominant society like India. Consequently, most of the studies on family planning focused on women as the subject of interest. PURPOSE To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of family planning amongst men who have been married for at least five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in the teaching hospitals of Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India among 156 men who had been married for at least five years. They were selected using non-random sampling method and were interviewed using a pretested semi structured validated questionnaire. Chi-square test was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Overall, 75.6% were aged between 26 and 34 years, 41.7% had one child, 92.3% subjects from upper and 86.9% from lower socio-economic status were aware about the male family planning services available in the market. Most husbands preferred that their spouse should be sterilized (53.8%). Family planning methods were actively practiced by 71.2 %. CONCLUSION Most of the studies on family planning have focused mainly on females. This study throws light on the male perspective of family planning. Our study subjects were well aware about various family planning services and their attitude towards family planning was favorable, but the number of men practicing family planning was not high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha T
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Professor & Head, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna P Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Vishal Raina
- Medical Officer, Civil Secretariat, Jammu and Kashmir Health Services, Jammu, India
| | - Hisham Hashim
- Tutor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prakhar Singh
- Intern, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
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Rajasekharan D, Kulkarni V, Unnikrishnan B, Kumar N, Holla R, Thapar R. Self-care activities among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in mangalore karnataka, India. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:59-64. [PMID: 25745579 PMCID: PMC4350065 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.149791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing prevalence of diabetes in India is resulting in an epidemiological transition. The care of the people with diabetes is traditionally seen as doctor centered, but the concept of self-care of people with diabetes is a new domain and is proven beneficial. Aim: The aim was to determine the practice of self-care activities among people with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Subjects and Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore during September–October 2012. A total of 290 patients with >1-year duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) were asked to respond to summary diabetes self-care activities questionnaire after obtaining the consent from them. The statistical analysis was performed in terms of descriptive statistics and association between the variables was tested using Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: A healthy eating plan on a daily basis was followed by 45.9% (133/290) of the participants, daily exercises for 30 min were followed by 43.4% (126/290), and regular blood sugar monitoring was done by 76.6% (222/290). Regarding the adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, daily adherence to medication was seen among 60.5% (155/256) and 66.9% (138/206) were found to be adherent to insulin injections on a daily basis. Conclusions: Self-care practices were found to be unsatisfactory in almost all aspects except for blood sugar monitoring and treatment adherence. As these practices are essential for prevention of complications and better quality-of -life, more efforts should be put to educate the people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rajasekharan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Unnikrishnan B, Kanchan T, Holla R, Kumar N, Rekha T, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, Reshmi B. Medical students' research - facilitators and barriers. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:XC01-XC04. [PMID: 25654016 PMCID: PMC4316322 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/10223.5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undergraduate research in medicine is important to expose and encourage the students towards the newer advances and research practices. The present study was taken up in a medical institute to assess the perception of the medical faculty about research undertaken by the medical undergraduates, and identifying the barriers faced by them in training undergraduate students for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire on perceptions, barriers and limitations towards undergraduate research was distributed to 105 participants included in the study. The responses of the participants were collected on a five point Likert scale and analysed using spss version 11.5. RESULTS There was a strong agreement among the faculty about students' interest in carrying out research (95.1%), and that they had gained knowledge to design, conduct, present and publish their research from the projects undertaken by them (90.2%). Among the barriers for training undergraduate research, time consumption was perceived as a barrier by the participating medical teachers (37.7%) followed by lack of motivation and commitment among students (19.7%). Time constraint was the commonest reason for the faculty in not guiding undergraduate research (39.0%). A larger proportion of medical teachers suggested that incentives for students and teachers (62.7%) and frequent workshops for students related to undergraduate research (61.8%) are likely to encourage the students and teachers and thus, improve the scenario. CONCLUSION It is suggested to address certain important issues like reducing the workload of faculty engaged in undergraduate research, and conducting frequent research methodology workshops for the under graduate students to improvise the standards of undergraduate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Unnikrishnan
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - T Rekha
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - B Reshmi
- Associate Professor, Department of Health Information Management, SOAHS, Manipal University, India
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Mithra P P, Unnikrishnan B, T R, Kumar N, Chatterjee PK, Holla R. Immunization practices of pediatricians for children younger than five years in coastal South India. J Prim Care Community Health 2014; 6:116-20. [PMID: 25318472 DOI: 10.1177/2150131914554455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Immunization helps in controlling infectious diseases. Child immunization is an important component of child survival programs in India, which mainly follows the National Immunization Schedule. Also, many of the injection practices followed are not safe. AIMS To study the practices of pediatricians toward the immunization of children younger than 5 years and injection-related waste management. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Mangalore, a rapidly developing city in southern India. METHODS AND MATERIAL All the practicing pediatricians were included in the study and an interview was done on prior appointment using pretested interview schedule in March 2012, after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5. RESULTS Among the 54 practicing pediatricians in Mangalore, 42 were included in this study after exclusion criteria were applied. Among them, 71.4% were following the National Immunization Schedule, 5% did not prefer to give combination vaccines, 17% reported vaccine failure at least once in their practice, and 85.7% motivated the parents for future doses. Distance to the clinic and affordability were the major reasons for loss of follow-up. Only 38.1% used auto-disabled syringes, 11.9% did not observe the children following the immunization, and 45.2% did not use color coding for disposal of injection-related wastes. Mechanical hub cutters were preferred by 41% of the respondents. CONCLUSION The study showed the diversity in immunization practices. The National Immunization Schedule is the most commonly followed schedule. However, the safety of the injection practices was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Rekha T
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Ramesh Holla
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
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Ram P, Kanchan T, Unnikrishnan B. Pattern of acute poisonings in children below 15 years – A study from Mangalore, South India. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 25:26-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Acharya VK, Padyana M, B U, R A, Acharya PR, Juneja DJ. Microbiological Profile and Drug Sensitivity Pattern among Community Acquired Pneumonia Patients in Tertiary Care Centre in Mangalore, Coastal Karnataka, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:MC04-6. [PMID: 25121014 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7426.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is the most common respiratory tract infection in day to day practice. The knowledge of organism commonly causative of CAP helps in early empirical treatment initiation. AIM To study the microbiological profile of patients with community acquired pneumonia and to study drug sensitivity pattern. METHODS Hospital based cross sectional study among 100 patients with CAP was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Southern India. Sputum culture showed that out of 100 patients 39 had an identifiable etiology with 12 patients having evidence of mixed infection. RESULT Micro-organisms isolated in sputum culture were Streptococcus pneumoniae (31%) followed by, Pseudomonas pyogens (15%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%). AFB smear was found to be positive in 6 patients. Organisms were found to be sensitive for piperacillin plus tazobactum (41%), aminoglycocides (amikacin-46%, gentamicin-31%), third generation cephalosporins (Cefotaxim-36%, Ceftriaxone-18%) and macrolides (Erythromicin-31%, Azithromycin-18%). Sensitivity to chloramphenicol was observed in 31% sputum culture positive patients. Ciprofloxacin sensitivity was seen among 49%. CONCLUSION Most of the organisms were found to be sensitive to monotherapy with extended spectrum beta lactamases, third generation cephalosporins, fluroquinolones, macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishak K Acharya
- Associate Professor, Department of Chest Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore (Manipal University), India
| | - Mahesha Padyana
- Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore (Manipal University), India
| | - Unnikrishnan B
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore (Manipal University), India
| | - Anand R
- Professor and Head, Department of Chest Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore (Manipal University), India
| | - Preethm R Acharya
- Associate Professor, Department of Chest Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore (Manipal University), India
| | - Divya Jyoti Juneja
- MBBS Student, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore (Manipal University), India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that people with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria are treated using Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT). ACT combines three-days of a short-acting artemisinin derivative with a longer-acting antimalarial which has a different mode of action. Pyronaridine has been reported as an effective antimalarial over two decades of use in parts of Asia, and is currently being evaluated as a partner drug for artesunate. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of artesunate-pyronaridine compared to alternative ACTs for treating people with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), published in The Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; EMBASE; LILACS; ClinicalTrials.gov; the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT); and the WHO International Clinical Trials Search Portal up to 16 January 2014. We searched reference lists and conference abstracts, and contacted experts for information about ongoing and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials of artesunate-pyronaridine versus other ACTs in adults and children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.For the safety analysis, we also included adverse events data from trials comparing any treatment regimen containing pyronaridine with regimens not containing pyronaridine. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. We combined dichotomous data using risk ratios (RR) and continuous data using mean differences (MD), and presented all results with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included six randomized controlled trials enrolling 3718 children and adults. Artesunate-pyronaridine versus artemether-lumefantrineIn two multicentre trials, enrolling mainly older children and adults from west and south-central Africa, both artesunate-pyronaridine and artemether-lumefantrine had fewer than 5% PCR adjusted treatment failures during 42 days of follow-up, with no differences between groups (two trials, 1472 participants, low quality evidence). There were fewer new infections during the first 28 days in those given artesunate-pyronaridine (PCR-unadjusted treatment failure: RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.90, two trials, 1720 participants, moderate quality evidence), but no difference was detected over the whole 42 day follow-up (two trials, 1691 participants, moderate quality evidence). Artesunate-pyronaridine versus artesunate plus mefloquineIn one multicentre trial, enrolling mainly older children and adults from South East Asia, both artesunate-pyronaridine and artesunate plus mefloquine had fewer than 5% PCR adjusted treatment failures during 28 days follow-up (one trial, 1187 participants, moderate quality evidence). PCR-adjusted treatment failures were 6% by day 42 for these treated with artesunate-pyronaridine, and 4% for those with artesunate-mefloquine (RR 1.64, 95% CI 0.89 to 3.00, one trial, 1116 participants, low quality evidence). Again, there were fewer new infections during the first 28 days in those given artesunate-pyronaridine (PCR-unadjusted treatment failure: RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.73, one trial, 1720 participants, moderate quality evidence), but no differences were detected over the whole 42 days (one trial, 1146 participants, low quality evidence). Adverse effectsSerious adverse events were uncommon in these trials, with no difference detected between artesunate-pyronaridine and comparator ACTs. The analysis of liver function tests showed biochemical elevation were four times more frequent with artesunate-pyronaridine than with the other antimalarials (RR 4.17, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.62, four trials, 3523 participants, moderate quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Artesunate-pyronaridine performed well in these trials compared to artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate plus mefloquine, with PCR-adjusted treatment failure at day 28 below the 5% standard set by the WHO. Further efficacy and safety studies in African and Asian children are required to clarify whether this combination is an option for first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical CollegeMangalore, India
| | - Christine V Kramer
- Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool, UK
| | - David Sinclair
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool, UK
| | - Suma Nair
- Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal, India
| | - Prathap Tharyan
- South Asian Cochrane Network & Centre, Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Health Care and Health Policy, Christian Medical CollegeVellore, India
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Joshua AM, D’Souza V, Unnikrishnan B, Mithra P, Kamath A, Acharya V, Venugopal A. Effectiveness of progressive resistance strength training versus traditional balance exercise in improving balance among the elderly - a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:98-102. [PMID: 24783093 PMCID: PMC4003699 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8217.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Falls are important health issues among the elderly people. Most falls in elderly result from abnormal balance control mechanisms. Balance and muscle force generation are directly related, and are associated with age related muscular changes. Studies addressing fall prevention have focused on various group and individualised strength training. However, evidence on strengthening of key muscles necessary for maintaining balance and postural control is lacking. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of individualised progressive resistance strength training (PRT) programme in improving balance for forward limits of stability in elderly with balance impairment, compared to traditional balance exercise (TBE), and combination of both (COMBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomised controlled trial included three groups; 18 subjects in each aged ≥ 65 years, from the elderly care centres of Mangalore city in Southern India (between June 2008 and December 2012). Block randomisation technique was used and allocation concealment was done using sequentially arranged sealed opaque envelopes. The TBE group received 8 component traditional balance exercise; 4 times a week for 6 months. The PRT group received resistance training for the key muscles of lower extremities, using DeLormes and Watkins protocol. The COMBI group received PRT and TBE alternately (2 days of PRT and 2 days of TBE per week). Functional reach test (FRT) was used for measurement of forward limits of stability. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15. RESULTS For functional reach, PRT group had steady progression from baseline to 6 months (p<0.001). The TBE and COMBI groups showed considerable initial improvement; beyond 3 months, moderate improvement was seen. The changes in scores of FRT were significantly better for PRT than TBE. CONCLUSION Individualised PRT intervention targeting the key muscles of lower limbs is more effective than TBE in improving forward limits of stability among non-frail elderly aged ≥65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M. Joshua
- Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Vivian D’Souza
- Associate Dean Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - B. Unnikrishnan
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Selection Grade Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Vishak Acharya
- Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Anand Venugopal
- Medical Superintendent, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, India
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Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Agarwal D. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of south India. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:255-60. [PMID: 26060488 PMCID: PMC4449048 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is highly prevalent among pregnant women and iron deficiency is the most important cause. Like many other countries, India has policies to give pregnant women iron supplements. Non-compliance is one important challenging factor in combating anaemia. OBJECTIVE To estimate the compliance for IFA tablets among pregnant women and to study the social factors influencing it. METHODOLOGY This study included 190 pregnant women seeking ante-natal care in tertiary health Centres in the Mangalore city in South India. After Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, data was collected by personal interview. Missing ≥2 doses consecutively was considered non-compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 25.8 years (SD: 4.1). Majority of the subjects consumed mixed diet and 72.1% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Overall, compliance with IFA tablets was 64.7%. Compliance increased with the increase in age, birth order and single daily dose. Forgetfulness and both perceived as well as experienced side effects of IFA therapy were the important factors for non-compliance. CONCLUSION There was a moderate level of Compliance towards IFA tablets with key social and demographic factors playing important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - T Rekha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - K Nithin
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - K Mohan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - R Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - D Agarwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
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