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Novick D. Conversation with Dr. Daniela Novick. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:539-543. [PMID: 37878764 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.29057.int] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Novick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Novick D. A natural goldmine of binding proteins and soluble receptors simplified their translation to blockbuster drugs, all in one decade. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151620. [PMID: 36875111 PMCID: PMC9980337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human urinary proteins are a goldmine of natural proteins a feature that simplifies their translation to biologics. Combining this goldmine together with the ligand-affinity-chromatography (LAC) purification method, proved a winning formula in their isolation. LAC specificity, efficiency, simplicity and inherent indispensability in the search for predictable and unpredictable proteins, is superior to other separation techniques. Unlimited amounts of recombinant cytokines and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) accelerated the "triumph". My approach concluded 35 years of worldwide pursuit for Type I IFN receptor (IFNAR2) and advanced the understanding of the signal transduction of this Type of IFN. TNF, IFNγ and IL-6 as baits enabled the isolation of their corresponding soluble receptors and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the isolated proteins facilitated the cloning of their cell surface counterparts. IL-18, IL-32, and heparanase as the baits yielded the corresponding unpredictable proteins: the antidote IL-18 Binding Protein (IL-18BP), the enzyme Proteinase 3 (PR3) and the hormone Resistin. IFNβ proved beneficial in Multiple Sclerosis and is a blockbuster drug, Rebif®. TNF mAbs translated into Remicade® to treat Crohn's disease. Enbrel® based on TBPII is for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Both are blockbusters. Tadekinig alfa™, a recombinant IL-18BP, is in phase III clinical study for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Seven years of continuous compassionate use of Tadekinig alfa™ in children born with mutations (NLRC4, XIAP) proved life-saving and is an example of tailored made medicine. IL-18 is a checkpoint biomarker in cancer and IL-18BP is planned recently to target cytokine storms resulting from CAR-T treatment and in COVID 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Novick
- Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Taouis M, Benomar Y. Is resistin the master link between inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111341. [PMID: 34082045 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistin has been firstly discovered in mice and was identified as an adipose tissue-secreted hormone or adipokine linking obesity and insulin resistance. In humans, resistin has been characterized as a hormone expressed and secreted by Immune cells especially by macrophages, and was linked to many inflammatory responses including inflammation of adipose tissue due to macrophages' infiltration. Human and mouse resistin display sequence and structural similarities and also dissimilarities that could explain their different expression pattern. In mice, strong pieces of evidence clearly associated high resistin plasma levels to obesity and insulin resistance suggesting that resistin could play an important role in the onset and progression of obesity and insulin resistance via resistin-induced inflammation. In humans, the link between resistin and obesity/insulin resistance is still a matter of debate and needs more epidemiological studies. Also, resistin has been linked to other chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers where resistin has been proposed in many studies as a biological marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Taouis
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology of Food Intake (NMPA), UMR 9197, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; NMPA, Dept. Development, Evolution and Cell Signaling, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroPSI) CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France.
| | - Yacir Benomar
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology of Food Intake (NMPA), UMR 9197, University of Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France; NMPA, Dept. Development, Evolution and Cell Signaling, Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences (NeuroPSI) CNRS UMR 9197, Orsay, France
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Tripathi D, Kant S, Pandey S, Ehtesham NZ. Resistin in metabolism, inflammation, and disease. FEBS J 2020; 287:3141-3149. [PMID: 32255270 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resistin is a small secretory protein that has a pleiotropic role in rodents and humans. Both rodent resistin and human resistin have an extremely stable and high-order multimeric structure. Moreover, there is significant variation in the source of secretion and the diversity of functions of resistin. Mouse resistin resists insulin action and contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus, while human resistin plays a role in inflammation and also functions as a small accessory chaperone. Currently, active research in the area identified a significant role for resistin in stress biology and as a biomarker in diagnostics to evaluate disease status and treatment outcome. This review summarizes recent developments within resistin biology including their association with obesity, inflammation, stress response mechanisms, and its role in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sashi Kant
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Inflammation Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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Acquarone E, Monacelli F, Borghi R, Nencioni A, Odetti P. Resistin: A reappraisal. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 178:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Park HK, Kwak MK, Kim HJ, Ahima RS. Linking resistin, inflammation, and cardiometabolic diseases. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:239-247. [PMID: 28192887 PMCID: PMC5339472 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes a variety of bioactive substances that are associated with chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. While resistin was first known as an adipocyte-secreted hormone (adipokine) linked to obesity and insulin resistance in rodents, it is predominantly expressed and secreted by macrophages in humans. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate that increased resistin levels are associated with the development of insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Resistin also appears to mediate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, arterial inflammation, and the formation of foam cells. Thus, resistin is predictive of atherosclerosis and poor clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease and heart failure. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that resistin is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. The present review will focus on the role of human resistin in the pathogeneses of inflammation and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Kyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence to Rexford S. Ahima, M.D. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 3rd Floor, #333, 1830 East Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA Tel: +1-443-287-4719 Fax: +1-410-367-2042 E-mail:
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Vlodavsky I, Singh P, Boyango I, Gutter-Kapon L, Elkin M, Sanderson RD, Ilan N. Heparanase: From basic research to therapeutic applications in cancer and inflammation. Drug Resist Updat 2016; 29:54-75. [PMID: 27912844 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase, the sole heparan sulfate degrading endoglycosidase, regulates multiple biological activities that enhance tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Heparanase expression is enhanced in almost all cancers examined including various carcinomas, sarcomas and hematological malignancies. Numerous clinical association studies have consistently demonstrated that upregulation of heparanase expression correlates with increased tumor size, tumor angiogenesis, enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis. In contrast, knockdown of heparanase or treatments of tumor-bearing mice with heparanase-inhibiting compounds, markedly attenuate tumor progression further underscoring the potential of anti-heparanase therapy for multiple types of cancer. Heparanase neutralizing monoclonal antibodies block myeloma and lymphoma tumor growth and dissemination; this is attributable to a combined effect on the tumor cells and/or cells of the tumor microenvironment. In fact, much of the impact of heparanase on tumor progression is related to its function in mediating tumor-host crosstalk, priming the tumor microenvironment to better support tumor growth, metastasis and chemoresistance. The repertoire of the physio-pathological activities of heparanase is expanding. Specifically, heparanase regulates gene expression, activates cells of the innate immune system, promotes the formation of exosomes and autophagosomes, and stimulates signal transduction pathways via enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. These effects dynamically impact multiple regulatory pathways that together drive inflammatory responses, tumor survival, growth, dissemination and drug resistance; but in the same time, may fulfill some normal functions associated, for example, with vesicular traffic, lysosomal-based secretion, stress response, and heparan sulfate turnover. Heparanase is upregulated in response to chemotherapy in cancer patients and the surviving cells acquire chemoresistance, attributed, at least in part, to autophagy. Consequently, heparanase inhibitors used in tandem with chemotherapeutic drugs overcome initial chemoresistance, providing a strong rationale for applying anti-heparanase therapy in combination with conventional anti-cancer drugs. Heparin-like compounds that inhibit heparanase activity are being evaluated in clinical trials for various types of cancer. Heparanase neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are being evaluated in pre-clinical studies, and heparanase-inhibiting small molecules are being developed based on the recently resolved crystal structure of the heparanase protein. Collectively, the emerging premise is that heparanase expressed by tumor cells, innate immune cells, activated endothelial cells as well as other cells of the tumor microenvironment is a master regulator of the aggressive phenotype of cancer, an important contributor to the poor outcome of cancer patients and a prime target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Preeti Singh
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ilanit Boyango
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lilach Gutter-Kapon
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ralph D Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Neta Ilan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
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Goodall KJ, Poon IKH, Phipps S, Hulett MD. Soluble heparan sulfate fragments generated by heparanase trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through TLR-4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109596. [PMID: 25295599 PMCID: PMC4190175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparanase is a β-D-endoglucuronidase that cleaves heparan sulfate (HS), facilitating degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the release of HS-bound biomolecules including cytokines. The remodeling of the ECM by heparanase is important for various physiological and pathological processes, including inflammation, wound healing, tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. Although heparanase has been proposed to facilitate leukocyte migration through degradation of the ECM, its role in inflammation by regulating the expression and release of cytokines has not been fully defined. In this study, the role of heparanase in regulating the expression and release of cytokines from human and murine immune cells was examined. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated ex vivo with heparanase resulted in the release of a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF. In addition, mouse splenocytes treated ex vivo with heparanase resulted in the release of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF. A similar pattern of cytokine release was also observed when cells were treated with soluble HS. Furthermore, heparanase-induced cytokine release was abolished by enzymatic-inhibitors of heparanase, suggesting this process is mediated via the enzymatic release of cell surface HS fragments. As soluble HS can signal through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, heparanase may promote the upregulation of cytokines through the generation of heparanase-cleaved fragments of HS. In support of this hypothesis, mouse spleen cells lacking the key TLR adaptor molecule MyD88 demonstrated an abolition of cytokine release after heparanase stimulation. Furthermore, TLR4-deficient spleen cells showed reduced cytokine release in response to heparanase treatment, suggesting that TLR4 is involved in this response. Consistent with these observations, the pathway involved in cytokine upregulation was identified as being NF-κB-dependent. These data identify a new mechanism for heparanase in promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that is likely to be important in regulating cell migration and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine J. Goodall
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Biomarker Translation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivan K. H. Poon
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark D. Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Codoñer-Franch P, Alonso-Iglesias E. Resistin: insulin resistance to malignancy. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 438:46-54. [PMID: 25128719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive substances known as adipokines. Excess adipose tissue and adipose tissue dysfunction lead to dysregulated adipokine production that can contribute to the development of obesity-related co-morbidities. Among the various adipokines, resistin, which was initially considered as a determinant of the emergence of insulin resistance in obesity, has appeared as an important link between obesity and inflammatory processes. Several experimental and clinical studies have suggested an association between increased resistin levels and severe conditions associated with obesity such as cardiovascular disease and malignancies. In this review, we present the growing body of evidence that human resistin is an inflammatory biomarker and potential mediator of obesity-associated diseases. A common pathway seems to involve the combined alteration of immune and inflammatory processes that favor metabolic disturbances, atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis. The mode of action and the signaling pathways utilized by resistin in its interactions with target cells could involve oxidative and nitrosative stress. Therefore, resistin could function as a key molecule in the complications of obesity development and could potentially be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia 46017, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain.
| | - Eulalia Alonso-Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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