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Locascio A, Annona G, Caccavale F, D'Aniello S, Agnisola C, Palumbo A. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11182. [PMID: 37446358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities and functions of this simple gas has increased considerably by extending studies to non-mammal vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we report the nitric oxide synthase (Nos) genes so far characterized in chordates and provide an extensive, detailed, and comparative analysis of the function of NO in the aquatic chordates tunicates, cephalochordates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. This comprehensive set of data adds new elements to our understanding of Nos evolution, from the single gene commonly found in invertebrates to the three genes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Hachoumi L, Sillar KT. Developmental stage-dependent switching in the neuromodulation of vertebrate locomotor central pattern generator networks. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 80:42-57. [PMID: 31705739 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation plays important and stage-dependent roles in regulating locomotor central pattern (CPG) outputs during vertebrate motor system development. Dopamine, serotonin and nitric oxide are three neuromodulators that potently influence CPG outputs in the development of Xenopus frog tadpole locomotion. However, their roles switch from predominantly inhibitory early in development to mainly excitatory at later stages. In this review, we compare the stage-dependent switching in neuromodulation in Xenopus with other vertebrate systems, notably the mouse and the zebrafish, and highlight features that appear to be phylogenetically conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Hachoumi
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Keith T Sillar
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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3
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Woodard A, Barbery B, Wilkinson R, Strozyk J, Milner M, Doucette P, Doran J, Appleby K, Atwill H, Bell WE, Turner JE. The role of neuronal nitric oxide and its pathways in the protection and recovery from neurotoxin-induced de novo hypokinetic motor behaviors in the embryonic zebrafish ( Danio rerio). AIMS Neurosci 2019; 6:25-42. [PMID: 32341966 PMCID: PMC7179346 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2019.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal nitric oxide (nNO) has been shown to affect motor function in the brain. Specifically, nNO acts in part through regulation of dopamine (DA) release, transporter function, and the elicitation of neuroprotection/neurodegeneration of neurons in conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, the zebrafish has been proposed to be a new model for the study of PD since neurotoxin damage to their nigrostriatal-like neurons exhibit PD-like motor dysfunctions similar to those of mammalian models and human patients. Results from this study demonstrate that treatment of 5 days post fertilization (dpf) fish with a nNO synthase inhibitor as a co-treatment with 6-OHDA facilitates long-term survival and accelerates the recovery from 6-OHDA-induced hypokinesia-like symptoms. These findings are unique in that under conditions of neurotoxin-induced stress, the inhibition of the NO-related S-nitrosylation indirect pathway dramatically facilitates recovery from 6-OHDA treatment but inhibition of the NO-sGC-cGMP direct pathway is essential for survival in 5 dpf treated fish. In conclusion, these results indicate that nNOS and the inhibition of the NO-linked S-nitrosylation pathway plays an important role in antagonizing the protection and recovery of fish from neurotoxin treatment. These data begin to help in the understanding of the role of NO as a neuroprotectant in dopaminergic pathways, particularly those that influence motor dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James E. Turner
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA
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Prabhudesai S, Koceja C, Dey A, Eisa-Beygi S, Leigh NR, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Ramchandran R. Cystathionine β-Synthase Is Necessary for Axis Development in Vivo. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:14. [PMID: 29503817 PMCID: PMC5820354 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cystathionine ß-synthase (CBS) is a critical enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway and is responsible for the synthesis of cystathionine from serine and homocysteine. Cystathionine is a precursor to amino acid cysteine. CBS is also responsible for generation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from cysteine. Mutation in CBS enzyme causes homocysteine levels to rise, and gives rise to a condition called hyperhomocysteinuria. To date, numerous mouse knockout models for CBS enzyme has been generated, which show panoply of defects, reflecting the importance of this enzyme in development. In zebrafish, we and others have identified two orthologs of cbs, which we call cbsa and cbsb. Previous gene knockdown studies in zebrafish have reported a function for cbsb ortholog in maintaining ion homeostasis in developing embryos. However, its role in maintaining H2S homeostasis in embryos is unknown. Here, we have performed RNA analysis in whole zebrafish embryos that showed a wide expression pattern for cbsa and cbsb primarily along the embryonic axis of the developing embryo. Loss-of-function analysis using a combination of approaches which include splice morpholinos and CRISPR/Cas9 genomic engineering show evidence that cbsb ortholog is responsible for anterior-posterior axis development, and cbsa function is redundant. Cbsb loss of function fish embryos show shortened and bent axis, along with less H2S and more homocysteine, effects resulting from loss of Cbsb. Using a chemical biology approach, we rescued the axis defects with betaine, a compound known to reduce homocysteine levels in plasma, and GYY4137, a long term H2S donor. These results collectively argue that cells along the axis of a developing embryo are sensitive to changes in homocysteine and H2S levels, pathways that are controlled by Cbsb, and thus is essential for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Prabhudesai
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chris Koceja
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anindya Dey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Pediatrics Radiology, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Noah R. Leigh
- Milwaukee Health Department, City of Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Pediatrics Radiology, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Xiyuan Z, Fink RHA, Mosqueira M. NO-sGC Pathway Modulates Ca 2+ Release and Muscle Contraction in Zebrafish Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2017; 8:607. [PMID: 28878687 PMCID: PMC5572320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation is a complex process that depends on Ca2+ ions to promote the interaction of actin and myosin. This process can be modulated by nitric oxide (NO), a gas molecule synthesized endogenously by (nitric oxide synthase) NOS isoforms. At nanomolar concentrations NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), which in turn activates protein kinase G via conversion of GTP into cyclic GMP. Alternatively, NO post-translationally modifies proteins via S-nitrosylation of the thiol group of cysteine. However, the mechanisms of action of NO on Ca2+ homeostasis during muscle contraction are not fully understood and we hypothesize that NO exerts its effects on Ca2+ homeostasis in skeletal muscles mainly through negative modulation of Ca2+ release and Ca2+ uptake via the NO-sGC-PKG pathway. To address this, we used 5–7 days-post fecundation-larvae of zebrafish, a well-established animal model for physiological and pathophysiological muscle activity. We evaluated the response of muscle contraction and Ca2+ transients in presence of SNAP, a NO-donor, or L-NAME, an unspecific NOS blocker in combination with specific blockers of key proteins of Ca2+ homeostasis. We also evaluate the expression of NOS in combination with dihydropteridine receptor, ryanodine receptor and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase. We concluded that endogenous NO reduced force production through negative modulation of Ca2+ transients via the NO-sGC pathway. This effect could be reversed using an unspecific NOS blocker or sGC blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xiyuan
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg, Germany.,Department of Traumatic Surgery, TongJi Hospital affiliated to TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, China
| | - Rainer H A Fink
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Matias Mosqueira
- Medical Biophysics Unit, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg, Germany
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Murcia V, Johnson L, Baldasare M, Pouliot B, McKelvey J, Barbery B, Lozier J, Bell WE, Turner JE. Effects of Estrogen, Nitric Oxide, and Dopamine on Behavioral Locomotor Activities in the Embryonic Zebrafish: A Pharmacological Study. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040024. [PMID: 29051426 PMCID: PMC5606654 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to affect motor function. Specifically, NO has been shown to act through regulation of dopamine (DA) release, transporter function, and the elicitation of neuroprotection/neurodegeneration of neurons. Recently, zebrafish have been proposed to be a new model for the study of various types of motor dysfunctions, since neurotoxin damage to their nigrostriatal-like neurons exhibit motor anomalies similar to those of mammalian models and human patients. Results from this study demonstrate that when NO synthesis is inhibited in zebrafish, using a neuronal NO synthase inhibitor (nNOSI), a condition called ‘listless’ occurs, where the fish lack swimming abilities, are rigid, and have difficulty maintaining balance. Additionally, co-treatment with either NO or estrogen (E2), an upstream regulator of NO synthase, can rescue fish from the ‘listless’ phenotype caused by exposure to the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA). In turn, NO deprived zebrafish were rescued from the ‘listless’ phenotype when co-treated with L-DOPA, a precursor to DA. Interestingly, the longer fish are exposed to a 6 OHDA + nNOSI co-treatment, the slower the recovery after washout, compared to a single treatment of each. Most significantly, NO involvement in the motor homeostasis of the embryonic zebrafish was shown to be expressed through the NO-cGMP-dependent pathway, and response to nNOSI treatments is developmentally regulated. In conclusion, these results indicate that there is a link between E2, NO, and DA systems that regulate motor functions in the embryonic zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Murcia
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Luke Johnson
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Meredith Baldasare
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Bridgette Pouliot
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - John McKelvey
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Brandon Barbery
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Julie Lozier
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - Wade E Bell
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
| | - James E Turner
- Department of Biology, Center for Molecular, Cellular, and Biological Chemistry, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, VA 24450, USA.
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Bradley SA, Steinert JR. Characterisation and comparison of temporal release profiles of nitric oxide generating donors. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 245:116-24. [PMID: 25749567 PMCID: PMC4401449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide release profiles were characterised for commonly used donors. Released NO differs greatly between donors and depends on storage conditions. High release donors (NOC-5, PAPA NONOate) decay quickly. SNP and GSNO show greater stability releasing consistent lower NO levels. This comprehensive characterisation provides knowledge to define NO concentrations released in vitro.
Background Nitric oxide (NO) is a vital signalling molecule in a variety of tissues including the neuronal, vascular and reproductive system. However, its high diffusibility and inactivation make characterisation of nitrergic signalling difficult. The use of NO donors is essential to characterise downstream signalling pathways but knowledge of donor release capacities is lacking, thus making comparisons of donor responses difficult. New method This study characterises NO profiles of commonly used NO donors. Donors were stored under defined conditions and temporal release profiles detected to allow determination of released NO concentrations. Results Using NO-sensitive microsensors we assessed release profiles of NO donors following different storage times and conditions. We found that donors such as NOC-5 and PAPA-NONOate decayed substantially within days, whereas SNP and GSNO showed greater stability releasing consistent levels of NO over days. In all donors tested, the amount of released NO differs between frozen and unfrozen stocks. Comparison with existing method(s) Fluorescent and amperometric approaches to measure NO concentrations yield a wide range of levels. However, due to a lack of characterisation of the release profiles, inconsistent effects on NO signalling have been widely documented. Our systematic assessment of release profiles of a range of NO donors therefore provides new essential data allowing for improved and defined investigations of nitrergic signalling. Conclusions This is the first systematic comparison of temporal release profiles of different NO donors allowing researchers to compare conditions across different studies and the use of defined NO levels by choosing specific donors and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Bradley
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Joern R Steinert
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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Nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) are endocrine disruptors to downregulate expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and motor behavior through conversion to nitric oxide in early development of zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:608-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sillar KT, Combes D, Simmers J. Neuromodulation in developing motor microcircuits. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 29:73-81. [PMID: 24967995 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation confers operational flexibility on motor network output and resulting behaviour. Furthermore, neuromodulators play crucial long-term roles in the assembly and maturational shaping of the same networks as they develop. Although previous studies have identified such modulator-dependent contributions to microcircuit ontogeny, some of the underlying mechanisms are only now being elucidated. Deciphering the role of neuromodulatory systems in motor network development has potentially important implications for post-lesional regenerative strategies in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T Sillar
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, Westburn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK.
| | - Denis Combes
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - John Simmers
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 5287, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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