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Araujo DFD, Holanda BF, Nascimento FLFD, Martins AB, Silva ALM, Pereira MG, Freitas Pires AD, Assreuy AMS. Polysaccharide-rich extract of Genipa americana leaves exerts anti-inflammatory effects modulated by platelet mediators. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117234. [PMID: 37793578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Genipa americana L. (Rubiaceae) leaves are traditionally used to treat fever, pharyngitis, healing, luxation and bruises. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the polysaccharide-rich extract of G. americana leaves (PE-Ga) in acute inflammation models and underlying mechanisms associated with platelet activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats received PE-Ga (0.3-3.0 mg/kg; IV) 30 min before injection (IP or SC) of zymosan, serotonin, PGE2, PLA2, PAF or L-arginine, and evaluated in the models of paw edema and acute peritonits. The blockage of plasma serotonin reuptake into platelets was performed with fluoxetine (40 mg/kg; IP). RESULTS In vitro, PE-Ga inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation up to 49%. In the edema model, PE-Ga reduced (41%) the time-course of the edema induced by zymosan, mainly the last phase (62%), as well as that induced by PLA2 (32%), PAF (35%), L-arginine (36%), PGE2 (49%) or serotonin (54% AUC); and reversed paw hypernociception induced by PGE2 or serotonin. In the peritonitis model, PE-Ga reversed abdominal hypernociception and reduced leukocyte migration induced by zymosan to blood (38%) and peritoneal cavity (55%), mainly neutrophils (70%). PE-GA also decreased leukocyte rolling (32%) and adhesion (47%), and increased the rolling velocity 2.2-fold. In the peritoneal fluid, PE-Ga reversed P-selectin and reduced total proteins (17%), MDA (40%), NO2-/NO3- (27%), and MPO activity (43%) but increased catalase activity 3.3-fold compared to zymosan. In addition, fluoxetine reversed PE-Ga anti-inflammatory effect on leukocyte migration and adhesion. CONCLUSIONS PE-Ga exerts antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects in acute inflammation induced by zymosan, being modulated by P-selectin and platelet serotonin, among other inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Freitas de Araujo
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil
| | - Bianca Feitosa Holanda
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil
| | | | - Alice Brito Martins
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Estácio Do Ceará, Unidade Centro, Av. Duque de Caxias 101, Fortaleza, CE, 60035-111, Brazil
| | - Alefe Lopes Macario Silva
- Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras Do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Rua José de Queiroz 2554, Quixadá, CE, 63900-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Gonçalves Pereira
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil; Faculdade de Educação, Ciências e Letras Do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Rua José de Queiroz 2554, Quixadá, CE, 63900-000, Brazil
| | - Alana de Freitas Pires
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil; Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário Estácio Do Ceará, Unidade Centro, Av. Duque de Caxias 101, Fortaleza, CE, 60035-111, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Sampaio Assreuy
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual Do Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba 1700, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil.
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De Giovanni M, Chen H, Li X, Cyster JG. GPR35 and mediators from platelets and mast cells in neutrophil migration and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:187-202. [PMID: 36928841 PMCID: PMC10504419 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment from circulation to sites of inflammation is guided by multiple chemoattractant cues emanating from tissue cells, immune cells, and platelets. Here, we focus on the function of one G-protein coupled receptor, GPR35, in neutrophil recruitment. GPR35 has been challenging to study due the description of multiple ligands and G-protein couplings. Recently, we found that GPR35-expressing hematopoietic cells respond to the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). We discuss distinct response profiles of GPR35 to 5-HIAA compared to other ligands. To place the functions of 5-HIAA in context, we summarize the actions of serotonin in vascular biology and leukocyte recruitment. Important sources of serotonin and 5-HIAA are platelets and mast cells. We discuss the dynamics of cell migration into inflamed tissues and how multiple platelet and mast cell-derived mediators, including 5-HIAA, cooperate to promote neutrophil recruitment. Additional actions of GPR35 in tissue physiology are reviewed. Finally, we discuss how clinically approved drugs that modulate serotonin uptake and metabolism may influence 5-HIAA-GPR35 function, and we speculate about broader influences of the GPR35 ligand-receptor system in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Giovanni
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hongwen Chen
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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3
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Corzo-Gómez J, Picazo O, Castellanos-Pérez M, Briones-Aranda A. Systematic Review of the Serotonergic System in the Pathophysiology of Severe Dengue: The Theory of Thrombocytopenia and Vascular Extravasation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:230-243. [PMID: 35726421 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220619231643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe dengue is characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemorrhaging, and/or capillary extravasation and may be linked to a reduced plasma concentration of serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, or 5-HT). OBJECTIVE The aim of the current contribution was to conduct a systematic bibliographic review of reports on the role of the peripheral serotonergic system in the pathophysiology of severe dengue. METHODS A bibliographic review was carried out of in vivo/in vitro models, clinical trials, and case series studies from 2010-2019. The selective criteria were the use of treatments with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and/or agonists/antagonists of 5-HT receptors and their impact on inflammation, coagulation, and endothelium. Moreover, cross-sectional and cohort studies on the relationship between intraplatelet and plasma 5-HT levels in patients with dengue were also included. The risk of bias in the selected reports was examined with domain-based assessment utilizing Cochrane-type criteria. The main results are summarized in Tables and Figures. RESULTS Based on descriptions of the effect of serotonergic drugs on 5-HT levels and the findings of clinical trials of dengue treatment, most receptors of the peripheral serotonergic system, and especially 5-HT2A, seem to participate in regulating serum 5-HT during severe dengue. Therefore, the peripheral serotonergic system probably contributes to thrombocytopenia and capillary extravasation. CONCLUSION Regarding dengue, 5-HT may be a key parameter for predicting severity, and an understanding of 5-HT-related mechanisms could possibly facilitate the development of new therapies. These proposals require further research due to the limited number of publications on the role of serotonergic receptors at the peripheral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Corzo-Gómez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Manuela Castellanos-Pérez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
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4
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Takenaka Y, Tanaka R, Kitabatake K, Kuramochi K, Aoki S, Tsukimoto M. Profiling Differential Effects of 5 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on TLRs-Dependent and -Independent IL-6 Production in Immune Cells Identifies Fluoxetine as Preferred Anti-Inflammatory Drug Candidate. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:874375. [PMID: 35814203 PMCID: PMC9257214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.874375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive proinflammatory cytokine production induced by abnormal activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, for example, by SARS-CoV-2 infection, can cause a fatal cytokine storm. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and fluvoxamine, used to treat depression, were recently reported to reduce the risk of severe disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of SSRIs, and which SSRI would be most suitable as an anti-inflammatory drug, remain unclear. Here, we examined the inhibitory effects of 5 FDA-approved SSRIs, paroxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline and escitalopram, on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced by stimulation with multiple TLR agonists in murine macrophages and dendritic cells, and on the production of cytokines induced by concanavalin A in murine lymphocytes. In J774.1 murine macrophage cells, pretreatment with SSRIs significantly suppressed IL-6 release induced by TLR3 agonist poly(I:C), TLR4 agonist LPS or TLR9 agonist CpG ODN, but did not affect IL-6 release induced by TLR7 agonists imiquimod or resiquimod. In accordance with the results obtained in J774.1 cells, pretreatment with SSRIs also suppressed IL-6 release induced by a TLR3, TLR4 or TLR9 agonist in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and peritoneal cells of C57BL/6 mice. On the other hand, interestingly, sertraline alone among the SSRIs amplified IL-6 production induced by TLR7 agonists in murine dendritic cells, though not in macrophages. Concanavalin A-induced production of IL-6 or IL-2 in murine lymphocytes was suppressed by SSRIs, suggesting that SSRIs also inhibit TLRs-independent IL-6 production. Since SSRIs suppressed both IL-6 production induced by multiple TLR agonists in macrophages or dendritic cells and TLR-independent IL-6 production in lymphocytes, they are promising candidates for treatment of patients with cytokine storm, which is mediated by overactivation of multiple TLRs in a complex manner, leading to the so-called IL-6 amplifier, an IL-6 overproduction loop. However, the 5 SSRIs examined here all showed different effects. Overall, our results suggest that fluoxetine may be the most promising candidate as an anti-inflammatory drug. An examination of the structural requirements indicated that the N-methyl group of fluoxetine has a critical role in the inhibition of IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takenaka
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryu Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitabatake
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Department of Bioorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto,
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Chen Z, Luo J, Li J, Kim G, Stewart A, Huang Y, Wu C. Intestinal IL-33 promotes platelet activity for neutrophil recruitment during acute inflammation. Blood 2022; 139:1878-1891. [PMID: 34871362 PMCID: PMC8952185 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral serotonin (5-HT) is mainly generated from the gastrointestinal tract and taken up and stored by platelets in the circulation. Although the gut is recognized as a major immune organ, how intestinal local immune responses control whole-body physiology via 5-HT remains unclear. Here, we show that intestinal inflammation enhances systemic platelet activation and blood coagulation. Intestinal epithelium damage induces elevated levels of the alarm cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33), leading to platelet activation via promotion of gut-derived 5-HT release. More importantly, we found that loss of intestinal epithelial-derived IL-33 lowers peripheral 5-HT levels, resulting in compromised platelet activation and hemostasis. Functionally, intestinal IL-33 contributes to the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation by enhancing platelet activities. Genetic deletion of intestinal IL-33 or neutralization of peripheral IL-33 protects animals from lipopolysaccharide endotoxic shock through attenuated neutrophil extravasation. Therefore, our data establish a distinct role of intestinal IL-33 in activating platelets by promoting 5-HT release for systemic physiology and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Li
- Experimental Immunology Branch and
| | | | - Andy Stewart
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and
| | - Yuefeng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch and
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6
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Tang AL, Shen MJ, Zhang GQ. Intestinal microcirculation dysfunction in sepsis: pathophysiology, clinical monitoring, and therapeutic interventions. World J Emerg Med 2022; 13:343-348. [PMID: 36119779 PMCID: PMC9420662 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2022.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal microcirculation dysfunction is an important factor that causes poor prognosis in sepsis patients and is an important pathophysiological basis for the occurrence and development of sepsis. DATA RESOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched from inception to August 1, 2021. The search was limited to the English language only. Two reviewers independently identified studies related to intestinal microcirculation dysfunction in sepsis. Exclusion criteria were duplicate articles according to multiple search criteria. RESULTS Fifty articles were included, and most of them were animal studies. These studies reported pathogenesis, including endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte recruitment and adhesion, microthrombus formation, microcirculation hypoperfusion, and redistribution of intestinal wall blood flow. The monitoring methods of intestinal microcirculation were also diverse, including handheld microscopes, intravital microscopy (IVM), laser Doppler blood flow instruments, laser speckle contrast imaging, tissue reflectance spectrophotometry, biochemical markers of intestinal ischemia, and histopathological examination. In view of the related pathogenesis of intestinal microcirculation disorder in sepsis, existing studies also have different opinions on its treatment. CONCLUSIONS Limited by monitoring, there are few clinical studies on intestinal microcirculation dysfunction in sepsis. Related research mainly focuses on basic research, but some progress has also been made. Therefore, this review may provide a reference for future research on intestinal microcirculation dysfunction in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-ling Tang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mei-jia Shen
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guo-qiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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7
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Elkhatib SK, Alley J, Jepsen M, Smeins L, Barnes A, Naik S, Ackermann MR, Verhoeven D, Kohut ML. Exercise duration modulates upper and lower respiratory fluid cellularity, antiviral activity, and lung gene expression. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15075. [PMID: 34676696 PMCID: PMC8531599 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has substantial health benefits, but the effects of exercise on immune status and susceptibility to respiratory infections are less clear. Furthermore, there is limited research examining the effects of prolonged exercise on local respiratory immunity and antiviral activity. To assess the upper respiratory tract in response to exercise, we collected nasal lavage fluid (NALF) from human subjects (1) at rest, (2) after 45 min of moderate-intensity exercise, and (3) after 180 min of moderate-intensity exercise. To assess immune responses of the lower respiratory tract, we utilized a murine model to examine the effect of exercise duration on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid immune cell content and lung gene expression. NALF cell counts did not change after 45 min of exercise, whereas 180 min significantly increased total cells and leukocytes in NALF. Importantly, fold change in NALF leukocytes correlated with the post-exercise fatigue rating in the 180-min exercise condition. The acellular portion of NALF contained strong antiviral activity against Influenza A in both resting and exercise paradigms. In mice undergoing moderate-intensity exercise, BAL total cells and neutrophils decreased in response to 45 or 90 min of exercise. In lung lobes, increased expression of heat shock proteins suggested that cellular stress occurred in response to exercise. However, a broad upregulation of inflammatory genes was not observed, even at 180 min of exercise. This work demonstrates that exercise duration differentially alters the cellularity of respiratory tract fluids, antiviral activity, and gene expression. These changes in local mucosal immunity may influence resistance to respiratory viruses, including influenza or possibly other pathogens in which nasal mucosa plays a protective role, such as rhinovirus or SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan K. Elkhatib
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
Cellular & Integrative PhysiologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Jessica Alley
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Program of ImmunobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Jepsen
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
College of Osteopathic MedicineCampbell UniversityLillingtonNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Laurel Smeins
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Andrew Barnes
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
Kirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineA.T. Still UniversityKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Shibani Naik
- Program of ImmunobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
Arisan Therapeutics11189 Sorrento Valley Rd, Suite 104, San DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mark R. Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Present address:
Director, Anatomic Veterinary Pathology DiagnosticsZoetisClear LakeIowa50428USA
| | - David Verhoeven
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive MedicineCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Marian L. Kohut
- Department of KinesiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
- Program of ImmunobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
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Schneider MA, Heeb L, Beffinger MM, Pantelyushin S, Linecker M, Roth L, Lehmann K, Ungethüm U, Kobold S, Graf R, van den Broek M, Vom Berg J, Gupta A, Clavien PA. Attenuation of peripheral serotonin inhibits tumor growth and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in murine tumor models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc8188. [PMID: 34524861 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel André Schneider
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Heeb
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Mateusz Beffinger
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Pantelyushin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael Linecker
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Roth
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.,Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kuno Lehmann
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Udo Ungethüm
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, D-80337 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Graf
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Miyajima M. Amino acids: key sources for immunometabolites and immunotransmitters. Int Immunol 2020; 32:435-446. [PMID: 32383454 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-cell activation and functional plasticity are closely linked to metabolic reprogramming that is required to supply the energy and substrates for such dynamic transformations. During such processes, immune cells metabolize many kinds of molecules including nucleic acids, sugars and lipids, which is called immunometabolism. This review will mainly focus on amino acids and their derivatives among such metabolites and describe the functions of these molecules in the immune system. Although amino acids are essential for, and well known as, substrates for protein synthesis, they are also metabolized as energy sources and as substrates for functional catabolites. For example, glutamine is metabolized to produce energy through glutaminolysis and tryptophan is consumed to supply nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, whereas arginine is metabolized to produce nitric acid and polyamine by nitric oxide synthase and arginase, respectively. In addition, serine is catabolized to produce nucleotides and to induce methylation reactions. Furthermore, in addition to their intracellular functions, amino acids and their derivatives are secreted and have extracellular functions as immunotransmitters. Many amino acids and their derivatives have been classified as neurotransmitters and their functions are clear as transmitters between nerve cells, or between nerve cells and immune cells, functioning as immunotransmitters. Thus, this review will describe the intracellular and external functions of amino acid from the perspective of immunometabolism and immunotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Miyajima
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Abstract
The rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis is tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). There are two independent serotonin systems in the body characterized by two isoforms of TPH, TPH1 and TPH2. While TPH2 synthesizes serotonin in the brain, TPH1 is expressed in the gut and in other peripheral tissues and supplies platelets in the circulation with serotonin. This duality of the serotonin system is enforced by the blood-brain barrier which is impermeable for serotonin. In the brain serotonin acts as neurotransmitter and is a main target for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In the periphery it is released by platelets at the site of activation and elicits numerous physiological effects. TPH1 deficient mice were shown to be protected from diverse diseases including hemostatic, inflammatory, fibrotic, gastrointestinal, and metabolic disorders and therefore serotonin synthesis inhibition emerged as a reasonable therapeutic paradigm. Recently the first TPH inhibitor, telotristat ethyl, came on the market for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. This review summarizes the state of development and the therapeutic opportunities of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Ungvari Z, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Csiszar A. Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Treatment With Fluoxetine and Other Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in Patients With Geriatric Depression: Implications for Atherogenesis and Cerebromicrovascular Dysregulation. Front Genet 2019; 10:898. [PMID: 31616477 PMCID: PMC6764114 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Late life depression is an important public health problem, which associates with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including fluoxetine, are often prescribed to treat geriatric depression. There is increasing evidence that fluoxetine and other SSRIs exert a wide range of cardiovascular side effects. Furthermore, there is evidence that aging may increase plasma level of SSRIs. In this overview, the potential role of side effects of treatment with fluoxetine and other SSRIs in the pathogenesis of age-related cardiovascular diseases, including atherogenesis, cardiac pathologies, and cerebromicrovascular impairment, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Gocht A, Distler JH, Spriewald B, Ramsperger-Gleixner M, Weyand M, Ensminger SM, Heim C. Effects of different serotonin receptor subtype antagonists on the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy in murine aortic allografts. Transpl Immunol 2018; 49:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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13
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Chronic Intake of the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Fluoxetine Enhances Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1007-1019. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Cardiovascular diseases and depression are the leading causes of disability in Western countries. Clinical data on potential cardiovascular effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the most commonly used antidepressant drugs, are controversial. In addition to blocking serotonin reuptake transporter in the brain, SSRIs deplete the major peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) storage by inhibiting serotonin reuptake transporter–mediated uptake in platelets. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of chronic SSRI intake on the development of atherosclerosis.
Approach and Results—
Treatment of apolipoprotein E–deficient mice with the SSRI fluoxetine for 2, 4, or 16 weeks increased atherosclerotic lesion formation, with most pronounced effect during early plaque development. Intravital microscopy of carotid arteries revealed enhanced myeloid cell adhesion on fluoxetine treatment. Mechanistically, we found that fluoxetine augmented vascular permeability and increased chemokine-induced integrin-binding activity of circulating leukocytes. In vitro stimulation of murine blood demonstrated that fluoxetine, but not 5-HT, could directly promote β1 and β2 integrin activation provided C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 was also present. Similar effects were observed with the SSRI escitalopram. Enhanced C-C motif chemokine ligand 5–induced integrin activation by fluoxetine was also confirmed in a human neutrophil-like cell line. In contrast to the proatherogenic properties of fluoxetine, pharmacological inhibition of the peripheral 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 did not promote atherosclerosis, suggesting that the proatherogenic effect of fluoxetine occurs independent of peripheral 5-HT depletion.
Conclusions—
SSRI intake may promote atherosclerosis and therefore potentially increase the risk for acute cardiovascular events by a mechanism that is independent of 5-HT depletion.
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14
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Matthes S, Bader M. Peripheral Serotonin Synthesis as a New Drug Target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:560-572. [PMID: 29628275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first step in serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis is catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). There are two independent sources of the monoamine that have distinct functions: first, the TPH1-expressing enterochromaffin cells (ECs) of the gut; second, TPH2-expressing serotonergic neurons. TPH1-deficient mice revealed that peripheral 5-HT plays important roles in platelet function and in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases of gut, pancreas, lung, and liver. Therefore, TPH inhibitors were developed which cannot pass the blood-brain barrier to specifically block peripheral 5-HT synthesis. They showed therapeutic efficacy in several rodent disease models, and telotristat ethyl is the first TPH inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. We review this development and discuss further therapeutic options for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Matthes
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Herr N, Bode C, Duerschmied D. The Effects of Serotonin in Immune Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:48. [PMID: 28775986 PMCID: PMC5517399 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] plays an important role in many organs as a peripheral hormone. Most of the body’s serotonin is circulating in the bloodstream, transported by blood platelets and is released upon activation. The functions of serotonin are mediated by members of the 7 known mammalian serotonin receptor subtype classes (15 known subtypes), the serotonin transporter (SERT), and by covalent binding of serotonin to different effector proteins. Almost all immune cells express at least one serotonin component. In recent years, a number of immunoregulatory functions have been ascribed to serotonin. In monocytes/macrophages, for example, serotonin modulates cytokine secretion. Serotonin can also suppress the release of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β by activating serotonin receptors. Furthermore, neutrophil recruitment and T-cell activation can both be mediated by serotonin. These are only a few of the known immunomodulatory roles of serotonin that we will review here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Herr
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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16
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Shajib MS, Baranov A, Khan WI. Diverse Effects of Gut-Derived Serotonin in Intestinal Inflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:920-931. [PMID: 28288510 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is the largest producer of serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the human body, and 5-HT has been recognized as an important signaling molecule in the gut for decades. There are two distinct sources of enteric 5-HT. Mucosal 5-HT is predominantly produced by enterochromaffin (EC) cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and neuronal 5-HT in the gut is produced by serotonergic neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The quantity of mucosal 5-HT produced vastly eclipses the amount of neuronal 5-HT in the gut. Though it is difficult to separate the functions of neuronal and mucosal 5-HT, in the normal gut both types of enteric 5-HT work synergistically playing a prominent role in the maintenance of GI functions. In inflammatory conditions of the gut, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) recent studies have revealed new diverse functions of enteric 5-HT. Mucosal 5-HT plays an important role in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators from immune cells, and neuronal 5-HT provides neuroprotection in the ENS. Based on searches for terms such as "5-HT", "EC cell", "ENS", and "inflammation" in pubmed.gov as well as by utilizing pertinent reviews, the current review aims to provide an update on the role of enteric 5-HT and its immune mediators in the context of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sharif Shajib
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4K1, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Adriana Baranov
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4K1, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Waliul I. Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4K1, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
- Hamilton
Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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17
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Jeong HJ, Yang SY, Kim HY, Kim NR, Jang JB, Kim HM. Chelidonic acid evokes antidepressant-like effect through the up-regulation of BDNF in forced swimming test. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1559-67. [PMID: 27037280 PMCID: PMC4994898 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216642044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is usually accompanied by neuro-inflammatory reactions. Chelidonic acid, in particular, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of chelidonic acid and to discuss the potential mechanisms of a forced swimming test. Chelidonic acid was administered orally once a day for 14 days. On the 14th day, chelidonic acid resulted in a significant decrease in immobility time during the forced swimming test without alteration of locomotor activity, in an open field test. Chelidonic acid also increased the number of nissl bodies in the hippocampus. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation in the hippocampus were up-regulated by the administration of chelidonic acid. Chelidonic acid administration significantly increased the mRNA expression of hippocampal estrogen receptor-β. The levels of hippocampal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were effectively attenuated by the administration of chelidonic acid. In addition, chelidonic acid significantly increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), dopamine, and norepinephrine compared with those levels for the mice that were administered distilled water in the hippocampus. These results suggest that chelidonic acid might serve as a new therapeutic strategy for the regulation of depression associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Technology and NanoBio Tronics, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Young Yang
- Professional Graduate School of Flexible and Printable Electronics, Center for R&D Strategy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Jang
- Regional Innovation Center and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 336-795, Republic of Korea *The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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18
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Nazimek K, Strobel S, Bryniarski P, Kozlowski M, Filipczak-Bryniarska I, Bryniarski K. The role of macrophages in anti-inflammatory activity of antidepressant drugs. Immunobiology 2016; 222:823-830. [PMID: 27453459 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common disease influencing patients' quality of life, whose etiology involves complex interactions of environmental, genetic and immunological factors. The latter factors include proinflammatory activation of monocytes and macrophages and increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, altogether formulated as the "macrophage theory of depression". Our current review summarizes the impact of the most commonly used antidepressant drugs on the immune response with special emphasis on the role of macrophages in the clinically observed effects. The anti-inflammatory action of antidepressants mainly results from their direct interaction with immune cells and from changes in the concentration and the relations of neurotransmitters sensed by these cells. The summarized data revealed that Mφs are one of the leading cell populations involved in drug-mediated immune effects that can be observed both in subjects with depression as well as in individuals not suffering from depression. Thus, currently reviewed immunomodulatory effects of the experimental use of different antidepressant drugs suggest the possibility of utilizing them in complex therapeutic strategies dedicated to various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. It is worth noting that an excessive inflammatory reaction is also associated with the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular, metabolic and neuro-endocrine diseases. Thus, the inclusion of antidepressants in the complex therapy of these disorders may have beneficial effects through the enhancement of the mood of the patient and alleviation of chronic inflammation. On the other hand, presented data suggest that the influence of chronically used antidepressants on anti-microbial and anti-tumor immunity could also be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Spencer Strobel
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Paweł Bryniarski
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland; Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 10 Sniadeckich St, PL 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Michael Kozlowski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland; Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 10 Sniadeckich St, PL 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Iwona Filipczak-Bryniarska
- Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 10 Sniadeckich St, PL 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 18 Czysta St, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
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19
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Nazimek K, Kozlowski M, Bryniarski P, Strobel S, Bryk A, Myszka M, Tyszka A, Kuszmiersz P, Nowakowski J, Filipczak-Bryniarska I. Repeatedly administered antidepressant drugs modulate humoral and cellular immune response in mice through action on macrophages. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1540-50. [PMID: 27053354 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216643769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with an altered immune response, which could be normalized by antidepressant drugs. However, little is known about the influence of antidepressants on the peripheral immune response and function of macrophages in individuals not suffering from depression. Our studies were aimed at determining the influence of antidepressant drugs on the humoral and cellular immune response in mice. Mice were treated intraperitoneally with imipramine, fluoxetine, venlafaxine, or moclobemide and contact immunized with trinitrophenyl hapten followed by elicitation and measurement of contact sensitivity by ear swelling response. Peritoneal macrophages from drug-treated mice were either pulsed with sheep erythrocytes or conjugated with trinitrophenyl and transferred into naive recipients to induce humoral or contact sensitivity response, respectively. Secretion of reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide, and cytokines by macrophages from drug-treated mice was assessed, respectively, in chemiluminometry, Griess-based colorimetry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of macrophage surface markers was analyzed cytometrically. Treatment of mice with fluoxetine, venlafaxine, and moclobemide results in suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immunity with a reduction of the release of macrophage proinflammatory mediators and the expression of antigen-presentation markers. In contrast, treatment with imipramine enhanced the humoral immune response and macrophage secretory activity but slightly suppressed active contact sensitivity. Our studies demonstrated that systemically delivered antidepressant drugs modulate the peripheral humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, mostly through their action on macrophages. Imipramine was rather proinflammatory, whereas other tested drugs expressed immunosuppressive potential. Current observations may be applied to new therapeutic strategies dedicated to various disorders associated with excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Kozlowski
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pawel Bryniarski
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-531 Krakow, Poland Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Spencer Strobel
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Bryk
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Myszka
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Tyszka
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuszmiersz
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Nowakowski
- Students' Scientific Society, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Filipczak-Bryniarska
- Department of Pain Treatment and Palliative Care, Jagiellonian University Medical College, PL 31-531 Krakow, Poland
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20
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Vallée N, Lambrechts K, De Maistre S, Royal P, Mazella J, Borsotto M, Heurteaux C, Abraini J, Risso JJ, Blatteau JE. Fluoxetine Protection in Decompression Sickness in Mice is Enhanced by Blocking TREK-1 Potassium Channel with the "spadin" Antidepressant. Front Physiol 2016; 7:42. [PMID: 26909044 PMCID: PMC4755105 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, disseminated coagulation, inflammation, and ischemia induce neurological damage that can lead to death. These symptoms result from circulating bubbles generated by a pathogenic decompression. Acute fluoxetine treatment or the presence of the TREK-1 potassium channel increases the survival rate when mice are subjected to an experimental dive/decompression protocol. This is a paradox because fluoxetine is a blocker of TREK-1 channels. First, we studied the effects of an acute dose of fluoxetine (50 mg/kg) in wild-type (WT) and TREK-1 deficient mice (knockout homozygous KO and heterozygous HET). Then, we combined the same fluoxetine treatment with a 5-day treatment protocol with spadin, in order to specifically block TREK-1 activity (KO-like mice). KO and KO-like mice were regarded as antidepressed models. In total, 167 mice (45 WTcont 46 WTflux 30 HETflux and 46 KOflux) constituting the flux-pool and 113 supplementary mice (27 KO-like 24 WTflux2 24 KO-likeflux 21 WTcont2 17 WTno dive) constituting the spad-pool were included in this study. Only 7% of KO-TREK-1 treated with fluoxetine (KOflux) and 4% of mice treated with both spadin and fluoxetine (KO-likeflux) died from decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms. These values are much lower than those of WT control (62%) or KO-like mice (41%). After the decompression protocol, mice showed significant consumption of their circulating platelets and leukocytes. Spadin antidepressed mice were more likely to exhibit DCS. Nevertheless, mice which had both blocked TREK-1 channels and fluoxetine treatment were better protected against DCS. We conclude that the protective effect of such an acute dose of fluoxetine is enhanced when TREK-1 is inhibited. We confirmed that antidepressed models may have worse DCS outcomes, but concomitant fluoxetine treatment not only decreased DCS severity but increased the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vallée
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle Toulon, France
| | - Kate Lambrechts
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique OpérationnelleToulon, France; UFR STAPS, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Education Sport Santé, Université du Sud Toulon VarLa Garde, France
| | - Sébastien De Maistre
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées, Service de Médecine Hyperbare et Expertise Plongée Toulon, France
| | - Perrine Royal
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle Toulon, France
| | - Jean Mazella
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 Valbonne, France
| | - Marc Borsotto
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Heurteaux
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 Valbonne, France
| | - Jacques Abraini
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique OpérationnelleToulon, France; Département d'Anesthésiologie, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Caen NormandieCaen, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Risso
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle Toulon, France
| | - Jean-Eric Blatteau
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe Résidante de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle Toulon, France
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21
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Herr N, Mauler M, Witsch T, Stallmann D, Schmitt S, Mezger J, Bode C, Duerschmied D. Correction: Acute Fluoxetine Treatment Induces Slow Rolling of Leukocytes on Endothelium in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142762. [PMID: 26544046 PMCID: PMC4636374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Herr N, Mauler M, Bode C, Duerschmied D. Intravital Microscopy of Leukocyte-endothelial and Platelet-leukocyte Interactions in Mesenterial Veins in Mice. J Vis Exp 2015:e53077. [PMID: 26325284 DOI: 10.3791/53077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy is a method that can be used to investigate different processes in different regions and vessels in living animals. In this protocol, we describe intravital microscopy of mesentery veins. This can be performed in a short period of time with reproducible results showing leukocyte-endothelial interactions in vivo. We describe an inflammatory setting after LPS challenge of the endothelium. But in this model one can apply many different types of inflammatory conditions, like bacterial, chemical or biological and investigate the administration of drugs and their direct effects on the living animal and its impact on leukocyte recruitment. This protocol has been applied successfully to a number of different treatments of mice and their effects on inflammatory response in vessels. Herein, we describe the visualization of leukocytes and platelets by fluorescently labeling these with rhodamine 6G. Additionally, any specific imaging can be performed using targeted fluorescently labeled molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Herr
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg;
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23
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Immunomodulatory effects mediated by serotonin. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:354957. [PMID: 25961058 PMCID: PMC4417587 DOI: 10.1155/2015/354957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) induces concentration-dependent metabolic effects in diverse cell types, including neurons, entherochromaffin cells, adipocytes, pancreatic beta-cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells, and leukocytes. Three classes of genes regulating 5-HT function are constitutively expressed or induced in these cells: (a) membrane proteins that regulate the response to 5-HT, such as SERT, 5HTR-GPCR, and the 5HT3-ion channels; (b) downstream signaling transduction proteins; and (c) enzymes controlling 5-HT metabolism, such as IDO and MAO, which can generate biologically active catabolites, including melatonin, kynurenines, and kynurenamines. This review covers the clinical and experimental mechanisms involved in 5-HT-induced immunomodulation. These mechanisms are cell-specific and depend on the expression of serotonergic components in immune cells. Consequently, 5-HT can modulate several immunological events, such as chemotaxis, leukocyte activation, proliferation, cytokine secretion, anergy, and apoptosis. The effects of 5-HT on immune cells may be relevant in the clinical outcome of pathologies with an inflammatory component. Major depression, fibromyalgia, Alzheimer disease, psoriasis, arthritis, allergies, and asthma are all associated with changes in the serotonergic system associated with leukocytes. Thus, pharmacological regulation of the serotonergic system may modulate immune function and provide therapeutic alternatives for these diseases.
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24
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Mauler M, Bode C, Duerschmied D. Platelet serotonin modulates immune functions. Hamostaseologie 2015; 36:11-6. [PMID: 25693763 DOI: 10.5482/hamo-14-11-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This short review addresses immune functions of platelet serotonin. Platelets transport serotonin at a high concentration in dense granules and release it upon activation. Besides haemostatic, vasotonic and developmental modulation, serotonin also influences a variety of immune functions (mediated by different serotonin receptors). First, platelet serotonergic effects are directed against invading pathogens via activation and proliferation of lymphocytes, modulation of cytokine release, and recruitment of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation by induction of selectin expression on endothelial cells. Second, serotonin levels are elevated in autoimmune diseases, such as asthma or rheumatoid arthritis, and during tissue regeneration after ischemia of myocardium or brain. Specific antagonism of serotonin receptors appears to improve survival after myocardial infarction or sepsis and to attenuate asthmatic attacks in animal models. It will be of great clinical relevance if these findings can be translated into human applications. In conclusion, targeting immune modulatory effects of platelet serotonin may provide novel therapeutic options for common health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D Duerschmied
- Daniel Duerschmied, MD, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, Tel. +49/(0)761/27 03-44 10, Fax -78 55, E-mail:,
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Duerschmied D, Bode C, Ahrens I. Immune functions of platelets. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:678-91. [PMID: 25209670 DOI: 10.1160/th14-02-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This review collects evidence about immune and inflammatory functions of platelets from a clinician's point of view. A focus on clinically relevant immune functions aims at stimulating further research, because the complexity of platelet immunity is incompletely understood and not yet translated into patient care. Platelets promote chronic inflammatory reactions (e.g. in atherosclerosis), modulate acute inflammatory disorders such as sepsis and other infections (participating in the host defense against pathogens), and contribute to exacerbations of autoimmune conditions (like asthma or arthritis). It would hence be obsolete to restrict a description of platelet functions to thrombosis and haemostasis--platelets clearly are the most abundant cells with immune functions in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duerschmied
- Daniel Duerschmied, MD, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, Tel.: +49 761 207 34410, Fax: +49 761 270 37855, E-mail:
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