1
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Cencic R, Im YK, Naineni SK, Moustafa-Kamal M, Jovanovic P, Sabourin V, Annis MG, Robert F, Schmeing TM, Koromilas A, Paquet M, Teodoro JG, Huang S, Siegel PM, Topisirovic I, Ursini-Siegel J, Pelletier J. A second-generation eIF4A RNA helicase inhibitor exploits translational reprogramming as a vulnerability in triple-negative breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318093121. [PMID: 38232291 PMCID: PMC10823175 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318093121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to address the current limitations of therapies for macro-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and provide a therapeutic lead that overcomes the high degree of heterogeneity associated with this disease. Specifically, we focused on well-documented but clinically underexploited cancer-fueling perturbations in mRNA translation as a potential therapeutic vulnerability. We therefore developed an orally bioavailable rocaglate-based molecule, MG-002, which hinders ribosome recruitment and scanning via unscheduled and non-productive RNA clamping by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4A RNA helicase. We demonstrate that MG-002 potently inhibits mRNA translation and primary TNBC tumor growth without causing overt toxicity in mice. Importantly, given that metastatic spread is a major cause of mortality in TNBC, we show that MG-002 attenuates metastasis in pre-clinical models. We report on MG-002, a rocaglate that shows superior properties relative to existing eIF4A inhibitors in pre-clinical models. Our study also paves the way for future clinical trials exploring the potential of MG-002 in TNBC and other oncological indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Cencic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Young K. Im
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Sai Kiran Naineni
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Moustafa-Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Predrag Jovanovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Valerie Sabourin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Matthew G. Annis
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Francis Robert
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - T. Martin Schmeing
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Antonis Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de pathologie et de microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QCH3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jose G. Teodoro
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Sidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Peter M. Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Josie Ursini-Siegel
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QCH3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 1A3, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3J1, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QCH4A 3T2, Canada
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2
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Glaviano A, Foo ASC, Lam HY, Yap KCH, Jacot W, Jones RH, Eng H, Nair MG, Makvandi P, Geoerger B, Kulke MH, Baird RD, Prabhu JS, Carbone D, Pecoraro C, Teh DBL, Sethi G, Cavalieri V, Lin KH, Javidi-Sharifi NR, Toska E, Davids MS, Brown JR, Diana P, Stebbing J, Fruman DA, Kumar AP. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling transduction pathway and targeted therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:138. [PMID: 37596643 PMCID: PMC10436543 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell cycle progression. Growth factor signalling to transcription factors in the PAM axis is highly regulated by multiple cross-interactions with several other signaling pathways, and dysregulation of signal transduction can predispose to cancer development. The PAM axis is the most frequently activated signaling pathway in human cancer and is often implicated in resistance to anticancer therapies. Dysfunction of components of this pathway such as hyperactivity of PI3K, loss of function of PTEN, and gain-of-function of AKT, are notorious drivers of treatment resistance and disease progression in cancer. In this review we highlight the major dysregulations in the PAM signaling pathway in cancer, and discuss the results of PI3K, AKT and mTOR inhibitors as monotherapy and in co-administation with other antineoplastic agents in clinical trials as a strategy for overcoming treatment resistance. Finally, the major mechanisms of resistance to PAM signaling targeted therapies, including PAM signaling in immunology and immunotherapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aaron S C Foo
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiu Y Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Kenneth C H Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert H Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Huiyan Eng
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Madhumathy G Nair
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Inserm U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Matthew H Kulke
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Camilla Pecoraro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniel B L Teh
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kevin H Lin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Davids
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, 216 Sprague Hall, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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3
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Therapeutic targeting of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:113-124. [PMID: 36661272 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental studies unraveled the role of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E in mRNA translation and its control. Under physiological conditions, regulation of translation by eIF4E is essential to cellular homeostasis. Under stress, gene flow information is parsed by eIF4E to support adaptive mechanisms that favor cell survival. Dysregulated eIF4E activity fuels tumor formation and progression and modulates response to therapy. Thus, there has been heightened interest in understanding eIF4E function in controlling gene expression as well as developing strategies to block its activity to treat disease.
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4
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Pal I, Grilo AMS, Gaspary A, Das Sharma S, Scotto L, O'Connor OA, Jovanovic M, Deng C, Berchowitz LE. Inhibition of casein kinase 1δ disrupts translation initiation and exerts potent antilymphoma activity. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4157-4161. [PMID: 35613464 PMCID: PMC9327539 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Pal
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Alec Gaspary
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sohani Das Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Luigi Scotto
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Medicine and
| | - Owen A. O'Connor
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA; and
| | - Marko Jovanovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Changchun Deng
- Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Medicine and
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Luke E. Berchowitz
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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5
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Zhang Q, Riley-Gillis B, Han L, Jia Y, Lodi A, Zhang H, Ganesan S, Pan R, Konoplev SN, Sweeney SR, Ryan JA, Jitkova Y, Dunner K, Grosskurth SE, Vijay P, Ghosh S, Lu C, Ma W, Kurtz S, Ruvolo VR, Ma H, Weng CC, Ramage CL, Baran N, Shi C, Cai T, Davis RE, Battula VL, Mi Y, Wang J, DiNardo CD, Andreeff M, Tyner JW, Schimmer A, Letai A, Padua RA, Bueso-Ramos CE, Tiziani S, Leverson J, Popovic R, Konopleva M. Activation of RAS/MAPK pathway confers MCL-1 mediated acquired resistance to BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:51. [PMID: 35185150 PMCID: PMC8858957 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite high initial response rates, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with the BCL-2-selective inhibitor venetoclax (VEN) alone or in combinations commonly acquires resistance. We performed gene/protein expression, metabolomic and methylation analyses of isogenic AML cell lines sensitive or resistant to VEN, and identified the activation of RAS/MAPK pathway, leading to increased stability and higher levels of MCL-1 protein, as a major acquired mechanism of VEN resistance. MCL-1 sustained survival and maintained mitochondrial respiration in VEN-RE cells, which had impaired electron transport chain (ETC) complex II activity, and MCL-1 silencing or pharmacologic inhibition restored VEN sensitivity. In support of the importance of RAS/MAPK activation, we found by single-cell DNA sequencing rapid clonal selection of RAS-mutated clones in AML patients treated with VEN-containing regimens. In summary, these findings establish RAS/MAPK/MCL-1 and mitochondrial fitness as key survival mechanisms of VEN-RE AML and provide the rationale for combinatorial strategies effectively targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lina Han
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yannan Jia
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Haijiao Zhang
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Saravanan Ganesan
- Université de Paris, Institut de la Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), Inserm Unit 1131, Paris, France
| | | | - Sergej N Konoplev
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shannon R Sweeney
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Yulia Jitkova
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Dunner
- High Resolution Electron Microscopy Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen Kurtz
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen Ma
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Connie C Weng
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassandra L Ramage
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyu Cai
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard Eric Davis
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkata L Battula
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingchang Mi
- Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffery W Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron Schimmer
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Rose Ann Padua
- Université de Paris, Institut de la Recherche Saint-Louis (IRSL), Inserm Unit 1131, Paris, France
| | - Carlos E Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | | | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Lee BJ, Mallya S, Dinglasan N, Fung A, Nguyen T, Herzog LO, Thao J, Lorenzana EG, Wildes D, Singh M, Smith JAM, Fruman DA. Efficacy of a Novel Bi-Steric mTORC1 Inhibitor in Models of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:673213. [PMID: 34408976 PMCID: PMC8366290 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a kinase whose activity is elevated in hematological malignancies. mTOR-complex-1 (mTORC1) phosphorylates numerous substrates to promote cell proliferation and survival. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs) are mTORC1 substrates with an integral role in oncogenic protein translation. Current pharmacological approaches to inhibit mTORC1 activity and 4E-BP phosphorylation have drawbacks. Recently we described a series of bi-steric compounds that are potent and selective inhibitors of mTORC1, inhibiting 4E-BP phosphorylation at lower concentrations than mTOR kinase inhibitors (TOR-KIs). Here we report the activity of the mTORC1-selective bi-steric inhibitor, RMC-4627, in BCR-ABL-driven models of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). RMC-4627 exhibited potent and selective inhibition of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in B-ALL cell lines without inhibiting mTOR-complex-2 (mTORC2) activity. RMC-4627 suppressed cell cycle progression, reduced survival, and enhanced dasatinib cytotoxicity. Compared to a TOR-KI compound, RMC-4627 was more potent, and its effects on cell viability were sustained after washout in vitro. Notably, a once-weekly, well tolerated dose reduced leukemic burden in a B-ALL xenograft model and enhanced the activity of dasatinib. These preclinical studies suggest that intermittent dosing of a bi-steric mTORC1-selective inhibitor has therapeutic potential as a component of leukemia regimens, and further study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca J Lee
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nuntana Dinglasan
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Amos Fung
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Tram Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Lee-Or Herzog
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Thao
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Edward G Lorenzana
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - David Wildes
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Mallika Singh
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - Jacqueline A M Smith
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
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7
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Alboushi L, Hackett AP, Naeli P, Bakhti M, Jafarnejad SM. Multifaceted control of mRNA translation machinery in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110037. [PMID: 33975011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA translation machinery is tightly regulated through several, at times overlapping, mechanisms that modulate its efficiency and accuracy. Due to their fast rate of growth and metabolism, cancer cells require an excessive amount of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. However, unfavorable conditions, such as hypoxia, amino acid starvation, and oxidative stress, which are abundant in cancer, as well as many anti-cancer treatments inhibit mRNA translation. Cancer cells adapt to the various internal and environmental stresses by employing specialised transcript-specific translation to survive and gain a proliferative advantage. We will highlight the major signaling pathways and mechanisms of translation that regulate the global or mRNA-specific translation in response to the intra- or extra-cellular signals and stresses that are key components in the process of tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Alboushi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Angela P Hackett
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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8
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Herzog LO, Walters B, Buono R, Lee JS, Mallya S, Fung A, Chiu H, Nguyen N, Li B, Pinkerton AB, Jackson MR, Schneider RJ, Ronai ZA, Fruman DA. Targeting eIF4F translation initiation complex with SBI-756 sensitises B lymphoma cells to venetoclax. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1098-1109. [PMID: 33318657 PMCID: PMC7960756 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax has shown efficacy in several hematologic malignancies, with the greatest response rates in indolent blood cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. There is a lower response rate to venetoclax monotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS We tested inhibitors of cap-dependent mRNA translation for the ability to sensitise DLBCL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells to apoptosis by venetoclax. We compared the mTOR kinase inhibitor (TOR-KI) MLN0128 with SBI-756, a compound targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G1 (eIF4G1), a scaffolding protein in the eIF4F complex. RESULTS Treatment of DLBCL and MCL cells with SBI-756 synergised with venetoclax to induce apoptosis in vitro, and enhanced venetoclax efficacy in vivo. SBI-756 prevented eIF4E-eIF4G1 association and cap-dependent translation without affecting mTOR substrate phosphorylation. In TOR-KI-resistant DLBCL cells lacking eIF4E binding protein-1, SBI-756 still sensitised to venetoclax. SBI-756 selectively reduced translation of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins and translation factors, leading to a reduction in protein synthesis rates in sensitive cells. When normal lymphocytes were treated with SBI-756, only B cells had reduced viability, and this correlated with reduced protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight a novel combination for treatment of aggressive lymphomas, and establishes its efficacy and selectivity using preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-or Herzog
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Beth Walters
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Roberta Buono
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - J. Scott Lee
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,grid.418185.10000 0004 0627 6737Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Amos Fung
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Honyin Chiu
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA ,grid.416879.50000 0001 2219 0587Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Nancy Nguyen
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Boyang Li
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Anthony B. Pinkerton
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Michael R. Jackson
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Robert J. Schneider
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Ze’ev A. Ronai
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - David A. Fruman
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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9
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Popova NV, Jücker M. The Role of mTOR Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041743. [PMID: 33572326 PMCID: PMC7916160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize current available information about the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in cancer as a potential target for new therapy options. The mTOR and PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 (mTOR complex 1) signaling are critical for the regulation of many fundamental cell processes including protein synthesis, cell growth, metabolism, survival, catabolism, and autophagy, and deregulated mTOR signaling is implicated in cancer, metabolic dysregulation, and the aging process. In this review, we summarize the information about the structure and function of the mTOR pathway and discuss the mechanisms of its deregulation in human cancers including genetic alterations of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components. We also present recent data regarding the PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors in clinical studies and the treatment of cancer, as well the attendant problems of resistance and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Popova
- Laboratory of Receptor Cell Biology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-40-7410-56339
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10
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Adaptive responses to mTOR gene targeting in hematopoietic stem cells reveal a proliferative mechanism evasive to mTOR inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2020102118. [PMID: 33443202 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cell growth and an attractive anticancer target that integrates diverse signals to control cell proliferation. Previous studies using mTOR inhibitors have shown that mTOR targeting suppresses gene expression and cell proliferation. To date, however, mTOR-targeted therapies in cancer have seen limited efficacy, and one key issue is related to the development of evasive resistance. In this manuscript, through the use of a gene targeting mouse model, we have found that inducible deletion of mTOR in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) results in a loss of quiescence and increased proliferation. Adaptive to the mTOR loss, mTOR -/- HSCs increase chromatin accessibility and activate global gene expression, contrary to the effects of short-term inhibition by mTOR inhibitors. Mechanistically, such genomic changes are due to a rewiring and adaptive activation of the ERK/MNK/eIF4E signaling pathway that enhances the protein translation of RNA polymerase II, which in turn leads to increased c-Myc gene expression, allowing the HSCs to thrive despite the loss of a functional mTOR pathway. This adaptive mechanism can also be utilized by leukemia cells undergoing long-term mTOR inhibitor treatment to confer resistance to mTOR drug targeting. The resistance can be counteracted by MNK, CDK9, or c-Myc inhibition. These results provide insights into the physiological role of mTOR in mammalian stem cell regulation and implicate a mechanism of evasive resistance in the context of mTOR targeting.
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11
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Magaway C, Kim E, Jacinto E. Targeting mTOR and Metabolism in Cancer: Lessons and Innovations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121584. [PMID: 31817676 PMCID: PMC6952948 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells support their growth and proliferation by reprogramming their metabolism in order to gain access to nutrients. Despite the heterogeneity in genetic mutations that lead to tumorigenesis, a common alteration in tumors occurs in pathways that upregulate nutrient acquisition. A central signaling pathway that controls metabolic processes is the mTOR pathway. The elucidation of the regulation and functions of mTOR can be traced to the discovery of the natural compound, rapamycin. Studies using rapamycin have unraveled the role of mTOR in the control of cell growth and metabolism. By sensing the intracellular nutrient status, mTOR orchestrates metabolic reprogramming by controlling nutrient uptake and flux through various metabolic pathways. The central role of mTOR in metabolic rewiring makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. Numerous clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of mTOR inhibition for cancer treatment. Rapamycin analogs have been approved to treat specific types of cancer. Since rapamycin does not fully inhibit mTOR activity, new compounds have been engineered to inhibit the catalytic activity of mTOR to more potently block its functions. Despite highly promising pre-clinical studies, early clinical trial results of these second generation mTOR inhibitors revealed increased toxicity and modest antitumor activity. The plasticity of metabolic processes and seemingly enormous capacity of malignant cells to salvage nutrients through various mechanisms make cancer therapy extremely challenging. Therefore, identifying metabolic vulnerabilities in different types of tumors would present opportunities for rational therapeutic strategies. Understanding how the different sources of nutrients are metabolized not just by the growing tumor but also by other cells from the microenvironment, in particular, immune cells, will also facilitate the design of more sophisticated and effective therapeutic regimen. In this review, we discuss the functions of mTOR in cancer metabolism that have been illuminated from pre-clinical studies. We then review key findings from clinical trials that target mTOR and the lessons we have learned from both pre-clinical and clinical studies that could provide insights on innovative therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy to target mTOR signaling and the metabolic network in cancer.
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12
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Owusu-Brackett N, Evans KW, Akcakanat A, Yuca E, Tapia C, Rizvi YQ, Dumbrava EI, Janku F, Meric-Bernstam F. TAK228 enhances antitumor activity of eribulin in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5011-5019. [PMID: 31489111 PMCID: PMC6707945 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN) negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway. Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are often PTEN-deficient, making mTOR a compelling target. We evaluated the efficacy of catalytic mTOR inhibitor TAK228 alone and in combination with eribulin in TNBC. Results: Five of eight triple negative breast cell lines were sensitive to TAK228, independent of PIK3CA/PTEN status. Western blotting demonstrated inhibition of mTORC1/2 signaling as demonstrated by decreased phospho-AKT, phospho-S6 and phospho-4EBP1. In vitro, TAK228 was synergistic with eribulin in all eight TNBC cell lines. The combination of TAK228 and eribulin did not enhance apoptosis but increased G2/M growth arrest. In vivo, TAK228 led to modest growth inhibition in TNBC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) with no tumor regression observed. In two TNBC PDXs with PTEN loss, one with intrinsic eribulin sensitivity, another eribulin resistance, TAK228 in combination with eribulin did not enhance in vivo efficacy. In a third PTEN-negative TNBC model, eribulin alone achieved disease stabilization, but the combination of TAK228 and eribulin led to significantly smaller tumor volumes compared to eribulin alone (p < 0.001). Methods: We tested in vitro efficacy of TAK228 in a panel of TNBC cell lines with cell proliferation assays. In vivo antitumor efficacy of TAK228 was evaluated alone and in combination with eribulin. Conclusion: TAK228 enhances the antitumor efficacy of eribulin in TNBC models in vitro, and enhanced in vivo activity in selected models. Further study is needed to determine the potential of this combination, and optimal patient selection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicci Owusu-Brackett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Current address: Department of General Surgery, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Kurt W. Evans
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Argun Akcakanat
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erkan Yuca
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Coya Tapia
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yasmeen Qamar Rizvi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ecaterina Ileana Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Growth-inhibition of cell lines derived from B cell lymphomas through antagonism of serotonin receptor signaling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4276. [PMID: 30862884 PMCID: PMC6414675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of lymphomas are derived from B cells and novel treatments are required to treat refractory disease. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine influence activation of B cells and the effects of a selective serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1A) antagonist on growth of a number of B cell-derived lymphoma cell lines were investigated. We confirmed the expression of 5HT1A in human lymphoma tissue and in several well-defined experimental cell lines. We discovered that the pharmacological inhibition of 5HT1A led to the reduced proliferation of B cell-derived lymphoma cell lines together with DNA damage, ROS-independent caspase activation and apoptosis in a large fraction of cells. Residual live cells were found ‘locked’ in a non-proliferative state in which a selective transcriptional and translational shutdown of genes important for cell proliferation and metabolism occurred (e.g., AKT, GSK-3β, cMYC and p53). Strikingly, inhibition of 5HT1A regulated mitochondrial activity through a rapid reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing dehydrogenase activity. Collectively, our data suggest 5HT1A antagonism as a novel adjuvant to established cancer treatment regimens to further inhibit lymphoma growth.
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14
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Chu J, Pelletier J. Therapeutic Opportunities in Eukaryotic Translation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a032995. [PMID: 29440069 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to block biological processes with selective small molecules provides advantages distinct from most other experimental approaches. These include rapid time to onset, swift reversibility, ability to probe activities in manners that cannot be accessed by genetic means, and the potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents. Small molecule inhibitors can also be used to alter expression and activity without affecting the stoichiometry of interacting partners. These tenets have been especially evident in the field of translation. Small molecule inhibitors were instrumental in enabling investigators to capture short-lived complexes and characterize specific steps of protein synthesis. In addition, several drugs that are the mainstay of modern antimicrobial drug therapy are potent inhibitors of prokaryotic translation. Currently, there is much interest in targeting eukaryotic translation as decades of research have revealed that deregulated protein synthesis in cancer cells represents a targetable vulnerability. In addition to being potential therapeutics, small molecules that manipulate translation have also been shown to influence cognitive processes such as memory. In this review, we focus on small molecule modulators that target the eukaryotic translation initiation apparatus and provide an update on their potential application to the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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15
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Jastrzebski K, Thijssen B, Kluin RJC, de Lint K, Majewski IJ, Beijersbergen RL, Wessels LFA. Integrative Modeling Identifies Key Determinants of Inhibitor Sensitivity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4396-4410. [PMID: 29844118 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell lines differ greatly in their sensitivity to anticancer drugs as a result of different oncogenic drivers and drug resistance mechanisms operating in each cell line. Although many of these mechanisms have been discovered, it remains a challenge to understand how they interact to render an individual cell line sensitive or resistant to a particular drug. To better understand this variability, we profiled a panel of 30 breast cancer cell lines in the absence of drugs for their mutations, copy number aberrations, mRNA, protein expression and protein phosphorylation, and for response to seven different kinase inhibitors. We then constructed a knowledge-based, Bayesian computational model that integrates these data types and estimates the relative contribution of various drug sensitivity mechanisms. The resulting model of regulatory signaling explained the majority of the variability observed in drug response. The model also identified cell lines with an unexplained response, and for these we searched for novel explanatory factors. Among others, we found that 4E-BP1 protein expression, and not just the extent of phosphorylation, was a determinant of mTOR inhibitor sensitivity. We validated this finding experimentally and found that overexpression of 4E-BP1 in cell lines that normally possess low levels of this protein is sufficient to increase mTOR inhibitor sensitivity. Taken together, our work demonstrates that combining experimental characterization with integrative modeling can be used to systematically test and extend our understanding of the variability in anticancer drug response.Significance: By estimating how different oncogenic mutations and drug resistance mechanisms affect the response of cancer cells to kinase inhibitors, we can better understand and ultimately predict response to these anticancer drugs.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/15/4396/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(15); 4396-410. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jastrzebski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Thijssen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof J C Kluin
- Genomic Sequencing Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Klaas de Lint
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ian J Majewski
- Division of Cancer and Haematology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Faculty of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the kinase subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key physiological roles as they control anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues in a variety of tissues and organs. However, mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities are deregulated in widespread human diseases, including cancer. Cancer cells take advantage of mTOR oncogenic signaling to drive their proliferation, survival, metabolic transformation, and metastatic potential. Therefore, mTOR lends itself very well as a therapeutic target for innovative cancer treatment. mTOR was initially identified as the target of the antibiotic rapamycin that displayed remarkable antitumor activity in vitro Promising preclinical studies using rapamycin and its derivatives (rapalogs) demonstrated efficacy in many human cancer types, hence supporting the launch of numerous clinical trials aimed to evaluate the real effectiveness of mTOR-targeted therapies. However, rapamycin and rapalogs have shown very limited activity in most clinical contexts, also when combined with other drugs. Thus, novel classes of mTOR inhibitors with a stronger antineoplastic potency have been developed. Nevertheless, emerging clinical data suggest that also these novel mTOR-targeting drugs may have a weak antitumor activity. Here, we summarize the current status of available mTOR inhibitors and highlight the most relevant results from both preclinical and clinical studies that have provided valuable insights into both their efficacy and failure.
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17
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Zhang Q, Shi C, Han L, Jain N, Roberts KG, Ma H, Cai T, Cavazos A, Tabe Y, Jacamo RO, Mu H, Zhao Y, Wang J, Wu SC, Cao F, Zeng Z, Zhou J, Mi Y, Jabbour EJ, Levine R, Tasian SK, Mullighan CG, Weinstock DM, Fruman DA, Konopleva M. Inhibition of mTORC1/C2 signaling improves anti-leukemia efficacy of JAK/STAT blockade in CRLF2 rearranged and/or JAK driven Philadelphia chromosome-like acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8027-8041. [PMID: 29487712 PMCID: PMC5814279 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with cytokine receptor-like factor 2 rearranged (CRLF2-re) subgroup Philadelphia chromosome-like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like B-ALL) have a high relapse rate and poor clinical outcomes. CRFL2-re Ph-like B-ALL is characterized by heightened activation of multiple signaling pathways, including the JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. We hypothesized that the combined inhibition by JAK2 and mTOR inhibitors would induce an additive antileukemia effect in CRLF2-re Ph-like B-ALL. In this study, we tested the antileukemia efficacy of the type I JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib and type II JAK inhibitor NVP-BBT594 (hereafter abbreviated BBT594) [1] alone and combined with allosteric mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and a second generation ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD2014. We found that BBT594/AZD2014 combination produced robust anti-leukemic effects in Ph-like cell lines in vitro and in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells cultured ex vivo. JAK2/mTOR inhibition arrested the cell cycle and reduced cell survival to a greater extent in Ph-like B-ALL cells with CRLF2-re and JAK2 mutation. Synergistic cell killing was associated with the greater inhibition of JAK2 phosphorylation by BBT594 than by ruxolitinib and the greater inhibition of AKT and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation by AZD2014 than by rapamycin. In vivo, BBT594/AZD2014 co-treatment was most efficacious in reducing spleen size in three Ph-like PDX models, and markedly depleted bone marrow and spleen ALL cells in an ATF7IP-JAK2 fusion PDX. In summary, combined inhibition of JAK/STAT and mTOR pathways by next-generation inhibitors had promising antileukemia efficacy in preclinical models of CRFL2-re Ph-like B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Hematology, The First Hospital Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Hematology, The First Hospital Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn G Roberts
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Helen Ma
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tianyu Cai
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio Cavazos
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Next Generation Hematology Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rodrigo O Jacamo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics & Comp Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Comp Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuo-Chieh Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- Department of Leukemia, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ross Levine
- Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematologic Neoplasia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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18
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Inamdar AA, Goy A, Ayoub NM, Attia C, Oton L, Taruvai V, Costales M, Lin YT, Pecora A, Suh KS. Mantle cell lymphoma in the era of precision medicine-diagnosis, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48692-48731. [PMID: 27119356 PMCID: PMC5217048 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of clinical agents for treating Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL), treatment of MCL remains a challenge due to complexity and frequent relapse associated with MCL. The incorporation of conventional and novel diagnostic approaches such as genomic sequencing have helped improve understanding of the pathogenesis of MCL, and have led to development of specific agents targeting signaling pathways that have recently been shown to be involved in MCL. In this review, we first provide a general overview of MCL and then discuss about the role of biomarkers in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment for MCL. We attempt to discuss major biomarkers for MCL and highlight published and ongoing clinical trials in an effort to evaluate the dominant signaling pathways as drugable targets for treating MCL so as to determine the potential combination of drugs for both untreated and relapse/refractory cases. Our analysis indicates that incorporation of biomarkers is crucial for patient stratification and improve diagnosis and predictability of disease outcome thus help us in designing future precision therapies. The evidence indicates that a combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and novel drugs designed to target specific dysregulated signaling pathways can provide the effective therapeutic options for both untreated and relapse/refractory MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati A Inamdar
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nehad M Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Christen Attia
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Lucia Oton
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Varun Taruvai
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Mark Costales
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - K Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
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19
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Zhang C, Yang L, Geng YD, An FL, Xia YZ, Guo C, Luo JG, Zhang LY, Guo QL, Kong LY. Icariside II, a natural mTOR inhibitor, disrupts aberrant energy homeostasis via suppressing mTORC1-4E-BP1 axis in sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27819-37. [PMID: 27056897 PMCID: PMC5053690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant energy homeostasis that characterized by high rate of energy production (glycolysis) and energy consumption (mRNA translation) is associated with the development of cancer. As mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical regulator of aberrant energy homeostasis, it is an attractive target for anti-tumor intervention. The flavonoid compound Icariside II (IS) is a natural mTOR inhibitor derived from Epimedium. Koreanum. Herein, we evaluate the effect of IS on aberrant energy homeostasis. The reduction of glycolysis and mRNA translation in U2OS (osteosarcoma), S180 (fibrosarcoma) and SW1535 (chondrosarcoma) cells observed in our study, indicate that, IS inhibits aberrant energy homeostasis. This inhibition is found to be due to suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) axis through blocking the assembly of mTORC1. Furthermore, IS inhibits the cap-dependent translation of c-myc through mTORC1-4E-BP1 axis which links the relationship between mRNA translation and glycolysis. Inhibition of aberrant energy homeostasis by IS, contributes to its in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferation activity. These data indicate that IS disrupts aberrant energy homeostasis of sarcoma cells through suppression of mTORC1-4E-BP1 axis, providing a novel mechanism of IS to inhibit cell proliferation in sarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-di Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fa-Liang An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Reappraisal to the study of 4E-BP1 as an mTOR substrate – A normative critique. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:325-336. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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21
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Calimeri T, Ferreri AJM. m-TOR inhibitors and their potential role in haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol 2017; 177:684-702. [PMID: 28146265 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is widely demonstrated that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling is critical in normal myeloid and lymphoid development and function. Thus, it is not strange that this pathway is often deregulated in haematological tumours, providing a strong preclinical rationale for the use of drugs targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis in haematological malignancies. The main focus of this review is to examine the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR, also termed mechanistic target of rapamycin [MTOR]) signalling pathways and to provide a brief overview of rapalogs and second-generation mTOR inhibitors used to target its aberrant activation in cancer treatment. We will also discuss the results obtained with the use of these agents in patients with acute leukaemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, multiple myeloma and Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. Ongoing clinical trials in haematological malignancies that are investigating first- and second-generation mTOR inhibitors as single agents and as components of combination regimens are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Calimeri
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Onco-Haematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrés J M Ferreri
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Onco-Haematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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22
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Bi C, Zhang X, Lu T, Zhang X, Wang X, Meng B, Zhang H, Wang P, Vose JM, Chan WC, McKeithan TW, Fu K. Inhibition of 4EBP phosphorylation mediates the cytotoxic effect of mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase inhibitors in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Haematologica 2017; 102:755-764. [PMID: 28104700 PMCID: PMC5395116 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.159160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 is a central integrator of nutrient and growth factor inputs that controls cell growth in eukaryotes. The second generation of mTOR kinase inhibitors (TORKi), directly targeting the mTOR catalytic site, are more effective than rapamycin and its analogs in cancer treatment, particularly in inducing apoptosis. However, the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of TORKi remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that TORKi-induced apoptosis is predominantly dependent on the loss of mTOR complex 1-mediated 4EBP activation. Knocking out RICTOR, a key component of mTOR complex 2, or inhibiting p70S6K has little effect on TORKi-induced apoptosis. Conversely, increasing the eIF4E:4EBP ratio by either overexpressing eIF4E or knocking out 4EBP1/2 protects lymphoma cells from TORKi-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, downregulation of MCL1 expression plays an important role in TORKi-induced apoptosis, whereas BCL-2 overexpression confers resistance to TORKi treatment. We further show that the therapeutic effect of TORKi in aggressive B-cell lymphomas can be predicted by BH3 profiling, and improved by combining it with pro-apoptotic drugs, especially BCL-2 inhibitors, both in vitro and in vivo Taken together, the study herein provides mechanistic insight into TORKi cytotoxicity and identified a potential way to optimize its efficacy in the clinical treatment of aggressive B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Bi
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Ting Lu
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xianhuo Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,The Sino-US Lymphoma Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Research Center, China
| | - Bin Meng
- The Sino-US Lymphoma Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Research Center, China
| | - Huilai Zhang
- The Sino-US Lymphoma Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Research Center, China
| | - Ping Wang
- The Sino-US Lymphoma Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Research Center, China
| | - Julie M Vose
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Kai Fu
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Hematology Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA .,The Sino-US Lymphoma Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Research Center, China
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23
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Lee JHS, Vo TT, Fruman DA. Targeting mTOR for the treatment of B cell malignancies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1213-1228. [PMID: 26805380 PMCID: PMC5061788 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a key regulator of cell growth, division and survival. Many haematologic malignancies exhibit elevated or aberrant mTOR activation, supporting the launch of numerous clinical trials aimed at evaluating the potential of single agent mTOR-targeted therapies. While promising early clinical data using allosteric mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and its derivatives, rapalogs) have suggested activity in a subset of haematologic malignancies, these agents have shown limited efficacy in most contexts. Whether the efficacy of these partial mTOR inhibitors might be enhanced by more complete target inhibition is being actively addressed with second generation ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors (TOR-KIs), which have only recently entered clinical trials. However, emerging preclinical data suggest that despite their biochemical advantage over rapalogs, TOR-KIs may retain a primarily cytostatic response. Rather, combinations of mTOR inhibition with other targeted therapies have demonstrated promising efficacy in several preclinical models. This review investigates the current status of rapalogs and TOR-KIs in B cell malignancies, with an emphasis on emerging preclinical evidence of synergistic combinations involving mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Scott Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Thanh-Trang Vo
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, USA.
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24
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Suppression of CD300A inhibits the growth of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31191-202. [PMID: 26435477 PMCID: PMC4741597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD300A is a type I transmembrane receptor protein which has shown inhibitory effects on B-cell receptor-mediated signals. In an analysis of public dataset, we found that CD300A mRNA levels were inversely correlated with the overall survival time of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To decipher the role of CD300A in DLBCL, we knocked down the expression levels of CD300A in DLBCL cells and found that decreasing levels of CD300A significantly inhibited cell proliferation of OCI-Ly01, Farage, and SUDHL-4 cells, but not of VAL, OCI-Ly10, or SUDHL-8 cells. Mechanistically, reduced expression of CD300A resulted in a marked attenuation of AKT phosphorylation, a key molecular event in tumorigenesis, in OCI-Ly01, Farage, and SUDHL-4 cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K displayed a similar inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Furthermore, using a xenograft animal model, we found that decreasing levels of CD300A in OCI-Ly01 and Farage cells significantly inhibited tumor formation in vivo. Collectively, our results suggested an oncogenic role of CD300A in DLBCL which could serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for this malignant disease.
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25
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Chu J, Cargnello M, Topisirovic I, Pelletier J. Translation Initiation Factors: Reprogramming Protein Synthesis in Cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:918-933. [PMID: 27426745 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Control of mRNA translation plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression and is critical for cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of translation initiation factors has been documented in several pathologies including cancer. Aberrant function of translation initiation factors leads to translation reprogramming that promotes proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In such context, understanding how altered levels (and presumably activity) of initiation factors can contribute to tumor initiation and/or maintenance is of major interest for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this review we provide an overview of translation initiation mechanisms and focus on recent findings describing the role of individual initiation factors and their aberrant activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chu
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Cargnello
- Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Lady Davis Institute, SMBD JGH, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Jerry Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Quebec, Canada; The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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26
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Liu ZG, Tang J, Chen Z, Zhang H, Wang H, Yang J, Zhang H. The novel mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor INK128 enhances radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1039-45. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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27
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So L, Lee J, Palafox M, Mallya S, Woxland CG, Arguello M, Truitt ML, Sonenberg N, Ruggero D, Fruman DA. The 4E-BP-eIF4E axis promotes rapamycin-sensitive growth and proliferation in lymphocytes. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra57. [PMID: 27245614 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad8463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin has been used as a clinical immunosuppressant for many years; however, the molecular basis for its selective effects on lymphocytes remains unclear. We investigated the role of two canonical effectors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): ribosomal S6 kinases (S6Ks) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs). S6Ks are thought to regulate cell growth (increase in cell size), and 4E-BPs are thought to control proliferation (increase in cell number), with mTORC1 signaling serving to integrate these processes. However, we found that the 4E-BP-eIF4E signaling axis controlled both the growth and proliferation of lymphocytes, processes for which the S6Ks were dispensable. Furthermore, rapamycin disrupted eIF4E function selectively in lymphocytes, which was due to the increased abundance of 4E-BP2 relative to that of 4E-BP1 in these cells and the greater sensitivity of 4E-BP2 to rapamycin. Together, our findings suggest that the 4E-BP-eIF4E axis is uniquely rapamycin-sensitive in lymphocytes and that this axis promotes clonal expansion of these cells by coordinating growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lomon So
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jongdae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Miguel Palafox
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sharmila Mallya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Chaz G Woxland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Meztli Arguello
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Morgan L Truitt
- School of Medicine and Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Davide Ruggero
- School of Medicine and Department of Urology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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28
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4EBP1/c-MYC/PUMA and NF-κB/EGR1/BIM pathways underlie cytotoxicity of mTOR dual inhibitors in malignant lymphoid cells. Blood 2016; 127:2711-22. [PMID: 26917778 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-02-629485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a kinase that regulates proliferation and apoptosis, has been extensively evaluated as a therapeutic target in multiple malignancies. Rapamycin analogs, which partially inhibit mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), exhibit immunosuppressive and limited antitumor activity, but sometimes activate survival pathways through feedback mechanisms involving mTORC2. Thus, attention has turned to agents targeting both mTOR complexes by binding the mTOR active site. Here we show that disruption of either mTOR-containing complex is toxic to acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cells and identify 2 previously unrecognized pathways leading to this cell death. Inhibition of mTORC1-mediated 4EBP1 phosphorylation leads to decreased expression of c-MYC and subsequent upregulation of the proapoptotic BCL2 family member PUMA, whereas inhibition of mTORC2 results in nuclear factor-κB-mediated expression of the Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) gene, which encodes a transcription factor that binds and transactivates the proapoptotic BCL2L11 locus encoding BIM. Importantly, 1 or both pathways contribute to death of malignant lymphoid cells after treatment with dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitors. Collectively, these observations not only provide new insight into the survival roles of mTOR in lymphoid malignancies, but also identify alterations that potentially modulate the action of mTOR dual inhibitors in ALL.
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29
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Ham J, Costa C, Sano R, Lochmann TL, Sennott EM, Patel NU, Dastur A, Gomez-Caraballo M, Krytska K, Hata AN, Floros KV, Hughes MT, Jakubik CT, Heisey DAR, Ferrell JT, Bristol ML, March RJ, Yates C, Hicks MA, Nakajima W, Gowda M, Windle BE, Dozmorov MG, Garnett MJ, McDermott U, Harada H, Taylor SM, Morgan IM, Benes CH, Engelman JA, Mossé YP, Faber AC. Exploitation of the Apoptosis-Primed State of MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma to Develop a Potent and Specific Targeted Therapy Combination. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:159-72. [PMID: 26859456 PMCID: PMC4749542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Fewer than half of children with high-risk neuroblastoma survive. Many of these tumors harbor high-level amplification of MYCN, which correlates with poor disease outcome. Using data from our large drug screen we predicted, and subsequently demonstrated, that MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas are sensitive to the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199. This sensitivity occurs in part through low anti-apoptotic BCL-xL expression, high pro-apoptotic NOXA expression, and paradoxical, MYCN-driven upregulation of NOXA. Screening for enhancers of ABT-199 sensitivity in MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas, we demonstrate that the Aurora Kinase A inhibitor MLN8237 combines with ABT-199 to induce widespread apoptosis. In diverse models of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, including a patient-derived xenograft model, this combination uniformly induced tumor shrinkage, and in multiple instances led to complete tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungoh Ham
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carlotta Costa
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Renata Sano
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy L Lochmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Erin M Sennott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Neha U Patel
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Anahita Dastur
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Gomez-Caraballo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kateryna Krytska
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konstantinos V Floros
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mark T Hughes
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Charles T Jakubik
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel A R Heisey
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Justin T Ferrell
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Molly L Bristol
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ryan J March
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Craig Yates
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mark A Hicks
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Wataru Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki 211-8533, Japan
| | - Madhu Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, VCU, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Brad E Windle
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mathew J Garnett
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Hisashi Harada
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Shirley M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Iain M Morgan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Cyril H Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yael P Mossé
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony C Faber
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, VCU School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Perkinson Building, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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30
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Camicia R, Winkler HC, Hassa PO. Novel drug targets for personalized precision medicine in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a comprehensive review. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:207. [PMID: 26654227 PMCID: PMC4676894 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a clinically heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy and the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, with one of the highest mortality rates in most developed areas of the world. More than half of DLBLC patients can be cured with standard R-CHOP regimens, however approximately 30 to 40 % of patients will develop relapsed/refractory disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to the limited therapeutic options.Recent advances in gene expression profiling have led to the identification of at least three distinct molecular subtypes of DLBCL: a germinal center B cell-like subtype, an activated B cell-like subtype, and a primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma subtype. Moreover, recent findings have not only increased our understanding of the molecular basis of chemotherapy resistance but have also helped identify molecular subsets of DLBCL and rational targets for drug interventions that may allow for subtype/subset-specific molecularly targeted precision medicine and personalized combinations to both prevent and treat relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, CC-122, epratuzumab or pidilizumab used as single-agent or in combination with (rituximab-based) chemotherapy have already demonstrated promising activity in patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. Several novel potential drug targets have been recently identified such as the BET bromodomain protein (BRD)-4, phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS)-2, macrodomain-containing mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTD)-9 (also known as PARP9), deltex-3-like E3 ubiquitin ligase (DTX3L) (also known as BBAP), NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK) and transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR).This review highlights the new insights into the molecular basis of relapsed/refractory DLBCL and summarizes the most promising drug targets and experimental treatments for relapsed/refractory DLBCL, including the use of novel agents such as lenalidomide, ibrutinib, bortezomib, pidilizumab, epratuzumab, brentuximab-vedotin or CAR T cells, dual inhibitors, as well as mechanism-based combinatorial experimental therapies. We also provide a comprehensive and updated list of current drugs, drug targets and preclinical and clinical experimental studies in DLBCL. A special focus is given on STAT1, ARTD9, DTX3L and ARTD8 (also known as PARP14) as novel potential drug targets in distinct molecular subsets of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Camicia
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Stem Cell Research Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Nuffield Division of Clinical, Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.,MRC-UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Hans C Winkler
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul O Hassa
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Morita M, Gravel SP, Hulea L, Larsson O, Pollak M, St-Pierre J, Topisirovic I. mTOR coordinates protein synthesis, mitochondrial activity and proliferation. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:473-80. [PMID: 25590164 PMCID: PMC4615141 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.991572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is one of the most energy consuming processes in the cell. The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that integrates a multitude of extracellular signals and intracellular cues to drive growth and proliferation. mTOR activity is altered in numerous pathological conditions, including metabolic syndrome and cancer. In addition to its well-established role in regulating mRNA translation, emerging studies indicate that mTOR modulates mitochondrial functions. In mammals, mTOR coordinates energy consumption by the mRNA translation machinery and mitochondrial energy production by stimulating synthesis of nucleus-encoded mitochondria-related proteins including TFAM, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and components of complexes I and V. In this review, we highlight findings that link mTOR, mRNA translation and mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morita
- a Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre ; McGill University ; Montreal , QC Canada
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32
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Hsieh AC, Nguyen HG, Wen L, Edlind MP, Carroll PR, Kim W, Ruggero D. Cell type-specific abundance of 4EBP1 primes prostate cancer sensitivity or resistance to PI3K pathway inhibitors. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra116. [PMID: 26577921 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors against the PI3K-AKT-mTOR (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, a frequently deregulated signaling pathway in cancer, are clinically promising, but the development of drug resistance is a major limitation. We found that 4EBP1, the central inhibitor of cap-dependent translation, was a critical regulator of both prostate cancer initiation and maintenance downstream of mTOR signaling in a genetic mouse model. 4EBP1 abundance was distinctly different between the epithelial cell types of the normal prostate. Of tumor-prone prostate epithelial cell types, luminal epithelial cells exhibited the highest transcript and protein abundance of 4EBP1 and the lowest protein synthesis rates, which mediated resistance to both pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Decreasing total 4EBP1 abundance reversed resistance in drug-insensitive cells. Increased 4EBP1 abundance was a common feature in prostate cancer patients who had been treated with the PI3K pathway inhibitor BKM120; thus, 4EBP1 may be associated with drug resistance in human tumors. Our findings reveal a molecular program controlling cell type-specific 4EBP1 abundance coupled to the regulation of global protein synthesis rates that renders each epithelial cell type of the prostate uniquely sensitive or resistant to inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Division of Hematology/Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Hao G Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lexiaochuan Wen
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Merritt P Edlind
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peter R Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Abstract
Dysregulation of mRNA translation is a frequent feature of neoplasia. Many oncogenes and tumour suppressors affect the translation machinery, making aberrant translation a widespread characteristic of tumour cells, independent of the genetic make-up of the cancer. Therefore, therapeutic agents that target components of the protein synthesis apparatus hold promise as novel anticancer drugs that can overcome intra-tumour heterogeneity. In this Review, we discuss the role of translation in cancer, with a particular focus on the eIF4F (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F) complex, and provide an overview of recent efforts aiming to 'translate' these results to the clinic.
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34
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Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Current treatment strategies for inhibiting mTOR in cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 36:124-35. [PMID: 25497227 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a Ser/Thr kinase that regulates a wide range of functions, including cell growth, proliferation, survival, autophagy, metabolism, and cytoskeletal organization. mTOR activity is dysregulated in several human disorders, including cancer. The crucial role of mTOR in cancer cell biology has stimulated interest in mTOR inhibitors, placing mTOR on the radar of the pharmaceutical industry. Several mTOR inhibitors have already undergone clinical trials for treating tumors, without great success, although mTOR inhibitors are approved for the treatment of some types of cancer, including advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, the role of mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment continues to evolve as new compounds are continuously being disclosed. Here we review the three classes of mTOR inhibitors currently available for treating cancer patients. Moreover, we highlight efforts to identify markers of resistance and sensitivity to mTOR inhibition that could prove useful in the emerging field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Bologna, Italy; Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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35
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36
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Evangelisti C, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Lonetti A, Buontempo F, Bressanin D, Cappellini A, Orsini E, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Therapeutic potential of targeting mTOR in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:909-18. [PMID: 24968804 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a heterogeneous neoplastic disorder of immature hematopoietic precursors committed to the T-cell lineage. T-ALL comprises about 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL cases. Even if the prognosis of T-ALL has improved especially in the childhood due to the use of new intensified treatment protocols, the outcome of relapsed patients who are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs or who relapse is still poor. For this reason, there is a need for novel and less toxic targeted therapies against signaling pathways aberrantly activated in T-ALL, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Small molecules designed to target key components of this signaling axis have proven their efficacy both in vitro and in vivo in pre-clinical settings of T-ALL. In particular, different classes of mTOR inhibitors have been disclosed by pharmaceutical companies, and they are currently being tested in clinical trials for treating T-ALL patients. One of the most promising approaches for the treatment of T-ALL seems to be the combination of mTOR inhibitors with traditional chemotherapeutic agents. This could lead to a lower drug dosage that may circumvent the systemic side effects of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we focus on the different classes of mTOR inhibitors that will possibly have an impact on the therapeutic arsenal we have at our disposal against T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Evangelisti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Bressanin
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Human Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Ester Orsini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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37
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Eyre TA, Collins GP, Goldstone AH, Cwynarski K. Time now to TORC the TORC? New developments in mTOR pathway inhibition in lymphoid malignancies. Br J Haematol 2014; 166:336-51. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby A. Eyre
- Department of Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | - Graham P. Collins
- Department of Haematology; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust; Oxford UK
| | | | - Kate Cwynarski
- Department of Haematology; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
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