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Upregulation of Reg IV and Hgf mRNAs by Intermittent Hypoxia via Downregulation of microRNA-499 in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012414. [PMID: 36293268 PMCID: PMC9603944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation (intermittent hypoxia [IH]), and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and insulin resistance/Type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms linking IH stress and CVD remain elusive. We exposed rat H9c2 and mouse P19.CL6 cardiomyocytes to experimental IH or normoxia for 24 h to analyze the mRNA expression of several cardiomyokines. We found that the mRNA levels of regenerating gene IV (Reg IV) and hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf) in H9c2 and P19.CL6 cardiomyocytes were significantly increased by IH, whereas the promoter activities of the genes were not increased. A target mRNA search of microRNA (miR)s revealed that rat and mouse mRNAs have a potential target sequence for miR-499. The miR-499 level of IH-treated cells was significantly decreased compared to normoxia-treated cells. MiR-499 mimic and non-specific control RNA (miR-499 mimic NC) were introduced into P19.CL6 cells, and the IH-induced upregulation of the genes was abolished by introduction of the miR-499 mimic, but not by the miR-499 mimic NC. These results indicate that IH stress downregulates the miR-499 in cardiomyocytes, resulting in increased levels of Reg IV and Hgf mRNAs, leading to the protection of cardiomyocytes in SAS patients.
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2
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Rehman SU, Schallschmidt T, Rasche A, Knebel B, Stermann T, Altenhofen D, Herwig R, Schürmann A, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H. Alternative exon splicing and differential expression in pancreatic islets reveals candidate genes and pathways implicated in early diabetes development. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:153-172. [PMID: 33880624 PMCID: PMC8128753 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a strong genetic component. Most of the gene variants driving the pathogenesis of T2D seem to target pancreatic β-cell function. To identify novel gene variants acting at early stage of the disease, we analyzed whole transcriptome data to identify differential expression (DE) and alternative exon splicing (AS) transcripts in pancreatic islets collected from two metabolically diverse mouse strains at 6 weeks of age after three weeks of high-fat-diet intervention. Our analysis revealed 1218 DE and 436 AS genes in islets from NZO/Hl vs C3HeB/FeJ. Whereas some of the revealed genes present well-established markers for β-cell failure, such as Cd36 or Aldh1a3, we identified numerous DE/AS genes that have not been described in context with β-cell function before. The gene Lgals2, previously associated with human T2D development, was DE as well as AS and localizes in a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for blood glucose on Chr.15 that we reported recently in our N2(NZOxC3H) population. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis of DE and AS genes showed an overlap of only half of the revealed pathways, indicating that DE and AS in large parts influence different pathways in T2D development. PPARG and adipogenesis pathways, two well-established metabolic pathways, were overrepresented for both DE and AS genes, probably as an adaptive mechanism to cope for increased cellular stress. Our results provide guidance for the identification of novel T2D candidate genes and demonstrate the presence of numerous AS transcripts possibly involved in islet function and maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ur Rehman
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Tanja Schallschmidt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Rasche
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Knebel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Torben Stermann
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Herwig
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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Cao Y, Tian Y, Liu Y, Su Z. Reg3β: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Tissue Injury and Inflammation-Associated Disorders. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:160-170. [PMID: 33426979 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1869731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since regenerating islet-derived 3β (Reg3β) was first reported, various studies have been conducted to explore the involvement of Reg3β in a gamut of maladies, such as diabetes, pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and extrapancreatic maladies such as inflammatory bowel disease, acute liver failure, and myocardial infarction. Surprisingly, there is currently no systematic review of Reg3β. Therefore, we summarize the structural characteristics, transcriptional regulation, putative receptors, and signaling pathways of Reg3β. The exact functional roles in various diseases, especially gastrointestinal and liver diseases, are also discussed. Reg3β plays multiple roles in promoting proliferation, inducing differentiation, preventing apoptosis, and resisting bacteria. The present review may provide new directions for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Cao
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Laboratory Center, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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4
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OKAMOTO H, TAKASAWA S. Okamoto model for necrosis and its expansions, CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system for intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization and Reg (Regenerating gene protein)-Reg receptor system for cell regeneration. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:423-461. [PMID: 34629354 PMCID: PMC8553518 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic islet cell culture models and animal models, we studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes. The diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin, caused DNA strand breaks, which in turn activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase/synthetase (PARP) to deplete NAD+, thereby inhibiting islet β-cell functions such as proinsulin synthesis and ultimately leading to β-cell necrosis. Radical scavengers protected against the formation of DNA strand breaks and inhibition of proinsulin synthesis. Inhibitors of PARP prevented the NAD+ depletion, inhibition of proinsulin synthesis and β-cell death. These findings led to the proposed unifying concept for β-cell damage and its prevention (the Okamoto model). The model met one proof with PARP knockout animals and was further extended by the discovery of cyclic ADP-ribose as the second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization in glucose-induced insulin secretion and by the identification of Reg (Regenerating gene) for β-cell regeneration. Physiological and pathological events found in pancreatic β-cells have been observed in other cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi OKAMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin TAKASAWA
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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5
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K M, Adole PS, Vinod KV, Balamurugan N. Association of serum regenerating islet-derived protein 3-beta and oncostatin-M levels with the risk of acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - A pilot study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1087-1092. [PMID: 32652496 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Regenerating islet-derived protein 3-beta (Reg3β) and oncostatin-M (OSM), an inducer of Reg3β, are important for the recruitment of macrophages, tissue repair and survival after myocardial infarction. The study was planned to elucidate the diagnostic utility of serum Reg3β and OSM levels for the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS Forty-two type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with ACS as cases and forty-two T2DM patients as controls were recruited. Routine biochemical investigations, creatine kinase-total (CK-T), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) levels were estimated. Serum Reg3β and OSM levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Serum Reg3β and OSM levels were significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. Serum Reg3β and OSM levels were positively correlated with random blood glucose, serum CK-total, CK-MB levels, and negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed that serum OSM and Reg3β levels can be used for the diagnosis of ACS in patients with T2DM as compared to CK-MB levels. On regression analysis, serum Reg3β level was positively associated with body mass index and negatively with serum HDL-C levels and serum OSM level was positively associated with waist circumference and random blood glucose and negatively with serum HDL-C levels. CONCLUSION Serum Reg3β and OSM levels may be used as complementary markers besides traditional cardiac markers for the diagnosis of ACS in patients with T2DM. However, further studies are still needed to verify our claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhuna K
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - Prashant S Adole
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605 006, India.
| | - Kolar V Vinod
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605 006, India
| | - N Balamurugan
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, 605 006, India
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6
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Systematic analysis of genes and diseases using PheWAS-Associated networks. Comput Biol Med 2019; 109:311-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Aida K, Kobayashi T, Takeshita A, Jimbo E, Nishida Y, Yagihashi S, Hosoi M, Fukui T, Sugawara A, Takasawa S. Crucial role of Reg I from acinar-like cell cluster touching with islets (ATLANTIS) on mitogenesis of beta cells in EMC virus-induced diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:963-969. [PMID: 29935186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the presence of distinct cell clusters named acinar-like cell clusters touching Langerhans islets with thin interstitial surrounding (ATLANTIS) in human pancreas. A morphological study in humans demonstrated that ATLANTIS and islet cell clusters are found together in the microenvironment enclosed by a common basement membrane, and ATLANTIS releases vesicles containing Regenerating gene protein (REG Iα) to islet cell clusters. We examined 1) the presence or absence of ATLANTIS in homozygous Reg I (mouse homologue of human REG Iα) deficient (Reg I-/-) and wild-type mice, and 2) the possible role of ATLANTIS in the regeneration of beta cell clusters after encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus (D-variant) infection in Reg I-/- and wild-type mice. ATLANTIS was found in both wild-type and Reg I-/- mice. In both groups, mean blood glucose increased transiently to greater than 14.0 mmol/L at 5 days after EMC virus infection and recovered to baseline at 12 days. At 12 days after EMC virus infection, lower BrdU labeling indices were observed in islet beta cells of Reg I-/- mice compared to wild-type mice. Beta cell volume 12 days after EMC virus infection in Reg I-/- mice did not differ from that of wild-type mice. These results suggest that Reg I, which is released from ATLANTIS to islet beta cell clusters, has a crucial role in beta cell regeneration in EMC virus-induced diabetes. The presence of mechanism(s) other than that mediated by Reg I in beta cell restoration after destruction by EMC virus was also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Aida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akira Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Jimbo
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoriko Nishida
- Department of Nursing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, Department of Medical Sciences Nursing Science (Basic and Clinical Nursing Sciences), University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Aomori, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Hosoi
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Fukui
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Bluemel S, Wang L, Martino C, Lee S, Wang Y, Williams B, Horvath A, Stadlbauer V, Zengler K, Schnabl B. The Role of Intestinal C-type Regenerating Islet Derived-3 Lectins for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:393-406. [PMID: 29619418 PMCID: PMC5880191 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type regenerating islet derived-3 (Reg3) lectins defend against pathogens and keep commensal bacteria at a distance. Deficiency of Reg3g and Reg3b facilitates alcohol-induced bacterial translocation and alcoholic liver disease. Intestinal Reg3g is down-regulated in animal models of diet-induced obesity, but the functional consequences for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Reg3 lectins in NASH. NASH was induced by a Western-style fast-food diet in mice deficient for Reg3g or Reg3b and in transgenic mice overexpressing Reg3g in intestinal epithelial cells (Reg3gTg). Glucose tolerance was assessed after 18 weeks and insulin resistance after 19 weeks of feeding. After 20 weeks, mice were assessed for features of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity was not different in genetically modified mice compared with their respective wild-type littermates. Glucose intolerance, liver injury, hepatic inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and to the liver were not different in Reg3g-deficient mice compared with wild-type littermates. Plasma endotoxin levels were higher in Reg3g-deficient mice. Reg3b deficiency protected against glucose intolerance, but liver disease, bacterial translocation, and plasma endotoxin levels were similar to wild-type littermates. Absence of either REG3G or REG3B protein in the ileum was not compensated for by up-regulation of the respective other REG3 protein. Transgenic Reg3g mice also developed liver injury, steatosis, and fibrosis similar to their wild-type littermates. Conclusion: In contrast to alcoholic liver disease, loss of intestinal Reg3 lectins is not sufficient to aggravate diet-induced obesity and NASH. This supports a multi-hit pathogenesis in NASH. Only glucose metabolism is affected by Reg3b deficiency. (Hepatology Communications 2018;2:393-406).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Bluemel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Lirui Wang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of MedicineVA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCA
| | - Cameron Martino
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Host‐Microbe Systems and TherapeuticsSan DiegoCA
| | - Suhan Lee
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of MedicineVA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Angela Horvath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Center of Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of PediatricsDivision of Host‐Microbe Systems and TherapeuticsSan DiegoCA
- Center for Microbiome InnovationUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA
- Department of MedicineVA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCA
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9
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Saitoh S, Ohno N, Saitoh Y, Terada N, Shimo S, Aida K, Fujii H, Kobayashi T, Ohno S. Improved Serial Sectioning Techniques for Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy Mapping of Human Langerhans Islets. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:9-20. [PMID: 29622846 PMCID: PMC5880804 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined analysis of immunostaining for various biological molecules coupled with investigations of ultrastructural features of individual cells is a powerful approach for studies of cellular functions in normal and pathological conditions. However, weak antigenicity of tissues fixed by conventional methods poses a problem for immunoassays. This study introduces a method of correlative light and electron microscopy imaging of the same endocrine cells of compact and diffuse islets from human pancreatic tissue specimens. The method utilizes serial sections obtained from Epon-embedded specimens fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Double-immunofluorescence staining of thick Epon sections for endocrine hormones (insulin and glucagon) and regenerating islet-derived gene 1 α (REG1α) was performed following the removal of Epoxy resin with sodium ethoxide, antigen retrieval by autoclaving, and de-osmification treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The immunofluorescence images of endocrine cells were superimposed with the electron microscopy images of the same cells obtained from serial ultrathin sections. Immunofluorescence images showed well-preserved secretory granules in endocrine cells, whereas electron microscopy observations demonstrated corresponding secretory granules and intracellular organelles in the same cells. In conclusion, the correlative imaging approach developed by us may be useful for examining ultrastructural features in combination with immunolocalisation of endocrine hormones in the same human pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
- Present address: Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Shimo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kaoru Aida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Hideki Fujii
- First Department of Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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10
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Xing H, Chen X, Han Y. Role of regenerating gene IA expression on local invasion and survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biol Res 2017; 50:37. [PMID: 29162157 PMCID: PMC5699201 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerating gene IA (REGIA) plays an important role in tissue regeneration and tumors prognosis of epithelium origin. However, the role of REGIA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. This study aims to investigate the expression and function of REG1A in NPC. RESULTS We have found that there was 63 patients with REGIA positive expression of 155 patients in this study (40.65%). The positive expression rate of REGIA was 30.50, 44.44 and 47.83% in stage T2, T3 and T4 patients, respectively. The REGIA expression was significantly difference in T2 and T4 stage tumors or T2 and T3-T4 stage. The positive expression rate of REGIA was found to be higher in patients with cervical lymph node persistence than those with cervical lymph node complete regression. Patients with negative REGIA expression had a better overall survival and free survival than those with REGIA positive expression. In addition, according to the univariate and multivariate analysis, the REGIA expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for NPC patients. CONCLUSION REGIA expression was a useful biomarker in NPC patients for assessing T stage and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Xing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guang Ming New District People's Hospital, No.4253 Songbai rode, ShenZhen, 518106, China. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaofeng Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
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11
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Hou J, Li Z, Zhong W, Hao Q, Lei L, Wang L, Zhao D, Xu P, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Xu T. Temporal Transcriptomic and Proteomic Landscapes of Deteriorating Pancreatic Islets in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Diabetes 2017; 66:2188-2200. [PMID: 28559245 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Progressive reduction in β-cell mass and function comprise the core of the pathogenesis mechanism of type 2 diabetes. The process of deteriorating pancreatic islets, in which a complex network of molecular events is involved, is not yet fully characterized. We used RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics technology to measure the temporal mRNA and protein expression changes of pancreatic islets in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats from 4 to 24 weeks of age. Our omics data set outlines the dynamics of the molecular network during the deterioration of GK islets as two stages: The early stage (4-6 weeks) is characterized by anaerobic glycolysis, inflammation priming, and compensation for insulin synthesis, and the late stage (8-24 weeks) is characterized by inflammation amplification and compensation failure. Further time course analysis allowed us to reveal 5,551 differentially expressed genes, a large portion of which have not been reported before. Our comprehensive and temporal transcriptome and proteome data offer a valuable resource for the diabetes research community and for quantitative biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Hao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingyong Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - You Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fibroblasts accelerate islet revascularization and improve long-term graft survival in a mouse model of subcutaneous islet transplantation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180695. [PMID: 28672010 PMCID: PMC5495486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation has been considered for many years a promising therapy for beta-cell replacement in patients with type-1 diabetes despite that long-term clinical results are not as satisfactory. This fact points to the necessity of designing strategies to improve and accelerate islets engraftment, paying special attention to events assuring their revascularization. Fibroblasts constitute a cell population that collaborates on tissue homeostasis, keeping the equilibrium between production and degradation of structural components as well as maintaining the required amount of survival factors. Our group has developed a model for subcutaneous islet transplantation using a plasma-based scaffold containing fibroblasts as accessory cells that allowed achieving glycemic control in diabetic mice. Transplanted tissue engraftment is critical during the first days after transplantation, thus we have gone in depth into the graft-supporting role of fibroblasts during the first ten days after islet transplantation. All mice transplanted with islets embedded in the plasma-based scaffold reversed hyperglycemia, although long-term glycemic control was maintained only in the group transplanted with the fibroblasts-containing scaffold. By gene expression analysis and histology examination during the first days we could conclude that these differences might be explained by overexpression of genes involved in vessel development as well as in β-cell regeneration that were detected when fibroblasts were present in the graft. Furthermore, fibroblasts presence correlated with a faster graft re-vascularization, a higher insulin-positive area and a lower cell death. Therefore, this work underlines the importance of fibroblasts as accessory cells in islet transplantation, and suggests its possible use in other graft-supporting strategies.
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Wang X, Lu Q, Yu DS, Chen YP, Shang J, Zhang LY, Sun HB, Liu J. Asiatic acid mitigates hyperglycemia and reduces islet fibrosis in Goto-Kakizaki rat, a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:529-34. [PMID: 26233843 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a spontaneous type 2 diabetic animal model, which is characterized by a progressive loss of beta islet cells with fibrosis. In the present study, the hypoglycemic effect of asiatic acid (AA) in GK rats was examined. GK rats receiving AA at a daily dose of 25 mg·kg(-1) for four weeks showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels. Age-matched normal Wistar rats were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) solution for the same periods and used as control. Compared to the normal Wistar rats, GK rats treated with AA showed improvement in insulin resistance partially through decreasing glucose level (P < 0.01) and insulin level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of immunohistochemistry indicate that AA treatment reduced islet fibrosis in GK rats. Fibronectin, a key protein related to islet fibrosis, was over-expressed in GK rats, which was reversed significantly by AA treatment (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that AA has a beneficial effect on lowering blood glucose levels in GK rats and improves fibrosis of islets in diabetes, which may play a role in the prevention of islets dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Peng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Uppal SS, Naveed AK, Baig S, Chaudhry B. Expression of REG Iα gene in type 2 diabetics in Pakistan. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:96. [PMID: 26568772 PMCID: PMC4643495 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating rate of diabetes' has prompted researchers around the world to explore for early markers. A deficit of functional β-cell mass plays a central role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. The REG (Regenerating) gene, encoding a 166 amino acid REG protein was discovered in rats and humans which is released in response to β-cells damage and play a role in their regeneration. The objective of this study was to characterize serum levels of REG Iα proteins in type 2 diabetic patients as indicator of β-cell apoptosis as well as regeneration. METHODS Unrelated type 2 diabetic patients (n = 55) of different age groups and disease duration were recruited from the Medical OPD of PNS Shifa Hospital. Age and sex matched non diabetic controls (n = 20) without family history of diabetes were selected from the same setting. Demographical details were recorded on a structured questionnaire. Biochemical parameters like FBG, HbA1c, TC and TG levels were measured. Serum levels of REG Iα protein were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Levels of REG Iα protein were found significantly raised in type 2 diabetic patients compared to controls (p < 001). Patients with short duration of the disease had higher levels of REG Iα as compared to patients with longer duration of the disease. Although the patients were on anti hyperglycemic agents, a positive correlation was found between REG Iα serum levels, FBG and HbA1c levels. Patients with higher BMI had higher levels of serum REG Iα levels. Serum TC, TG and Hb levels showed no correlation. CONCLUSION REG Iα may be used as a marker/predictor of type 2 diabetes especially in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Saleem Uppal
- />Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi and National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Khaliq Naveed
- />Department of Biochemistry, Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Baig
- />Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Chaudhry
- />Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Patent Highlights. Pharm Pat Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/ppa.14.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development
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