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Saitoh S, Takaki T, Nakajima K, Wo B, Terashima H, Shimo S, Nguyen HB, Thai TQ, Kumamoto K, Kunisawa K, Nagao S, Tojo A, Ohno N, Takahashi K. Treatment of tubular damage in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice using sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281770. [PMID: 36780539 PMCID: PMC9925073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) causes obesity and changes in renal lipid metabolism and lysosomal dysfunction in mice, causing renal damage. Sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors, including phlorizin, exert nephroprotective effects in patients with chronic kidney disease, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. A HFD or standard diet was fed to adult C57BL/6J male mice, and phlorizin was administered. Lamellar body components of the proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) were investigated. After phlorizin administration in HFD-fed mice, sphingomyelin and ceramide in urine and tissues were assessed and label-free quantitative proteomics was performed using kidney tissue samples. Mitochondrial elongation by fusion was effective in the PTECs of HFD-fed obese mice under phlorizin administration, and many lamellar bodies were found in the apical portion of the S2 segment of the proximal tubule. Phlorizin functioned as a diuretic, releasing lamellar bodies from the apical membrane of PTECs and clearing the obstruction in nephrons. The main component of the lamellar bodies was sphingomyelin. On the first day of phlorizin administration in HFD-fed obese mice, the diuretic effect was increased, and more sphingomyelin was excreted through urine than in vehicle-treated mice. The expressions of three peroxisomal β-oxidation proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism were downregulated after phlorizin administration in the kidneys of HFD-fed mice. Fatty acid elongation protein levels increased with phlorizin administration, indicating an increase in long-chain fatty acids. Lamellar bodies accumulated in the proximal renal tubule of the S2 segment of the HFD-fed mice, indicating that the urinary excretion of lamellar bodies has nephroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Saitoh
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences (Anatomy II), Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Electron microscopy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Center for Joint Research Facilities Support, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Bao Wo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | | | - Satoshi Shimo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Health Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMP), Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Department of Histology Embryology Genetics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Kanako Kumamoto
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tojo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences (Anatomy II), Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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2
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Ono K, Gotoh H, Nomura T, Morita T, Baba O, Matsumoto M, Saitoh S, Ohno N. Ultrastructural characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the early postnatal mouse optic nerve observed by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278118. [PMID: 36454994 PMCID: PMC9714907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) arise from restricted regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and differentiate into myelin-forming cells after migration, but their ultrastructural characteristics have not been fully elucidated. This study examined the three-dimensional ultrastructure of OPCs in comparison with other glial cells in the early postnatal optic nerve by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. We examined 70 putative OPCs (pOPC) that were distinct from other glial cells according to established morphological criteria. The pOPCs were unipolar in shape with relatively few processes, and their Golgi apparatus were localized in the perinuclear region with a single cisterna. Astrocytes abundant in the optic nerve were distinct from pOPCs and had a greater number of processes and more complicated Golgi apparatus morphology. All pOPCs and astrocytes contained a pair of centrioles (basal bodies). Among them, 45% of pOPCs extended a short cilium, and 20% of pOPCs had centrioles accompanied by vesicles, whereas all astrocytes with basal bodies had cilia with invaginated ciliary pockets. These results suggest that the fine structures of pOPCs during the developing and immature stages may account for their distinct behavior. Additionally, the vesicular transport of the centrioles, along with a short cilium length, suggests active ciliogenesis in pOPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ono
- Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hitoshi Gotoh
- Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nomura
- Developmental Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Morita
- Oral & Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Oral Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Otto Baba
- Oral & Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Oral Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Developmental & Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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3
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Hirayama T, Kadooka Y, Tarusawa E, Saitoh S, Nakayama H, Hoshino N, Nakama S, Fukuishi T, Kawanishi Y, Umeshima H, Tomita K, Yoshimura Y, Galjart N, Hashimoto K, Ohno N, Yagi T. CTCF loss induces giant lamellar bodies in Purkinje cell dendrites. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:172. [PMID: 36447271 PMCID: PMC9706876 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) has a key role in higher-order chromatin architecture that is important for establishing and maintaining cell identity by controlling gene expression. In the mature cerebellum, CTCF is highly expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) as compared with other cerebellar neurons. The cerebellum plays an important role in motor function by regulating PCs, which are the sole output neurons, and defects in PCs cause motor dysfunction. However, the role of CTCF in PCs has not yet been explored. Here we found that the absence of CTCF in mouse PCs led to progressive motor dysfunction and abnormal dendritic morphology in those cells, which included dendritic self-avoidance defects and a proximal shift in the climbing fibre innervation territory on PC dendrites. Furthermore, we found the peculiar lamellar structures known as "giant lamellar bodies" (GLBs), which have been reported in PCs of patients with Werdnig-Hoffman disease, 13q deletion syndrome, and Krabbe disease. GLBs are localized to PC dendrites and are assumed to be associated with neurodegeneration. They have been noted, however, only in case reports following autopsy, and reports of their existence have been very limited. Here we show that GLBs were reproducibly formed in PC dendrites of a mouse model in which CTCF was deleted. GLBs were not noted in PC dendrites at infancy but instead developed over time. In conjunction with GLB development in PC dendrites, the endoplasmic reticulum was almost absent around the nuclei, the mitochondria were markedly swollen and their cristae had decreased drastically, and almost all PCs eventually disappeared as severe motor deficits manifested. Our results revealed the important role of CTCF during normal development and in maintaining PCs and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of GLB formation during neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyoshi Hirayama
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yuuki Kadooka
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Etsuko Tarusawa
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- grid.467811.d0000 0001 2272 1771Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787 Japan ,grid.256115.40000 0004 1761 798XDepartment of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, 470-1192 Japan
| | - Hisako Nakayama
- grid.410818.40000 0001 0720 6587Department of Physiology, Division of Neurophysiology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666 Japan ,grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Natsumi Hoshino
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakama
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuishi
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yudai Kawanishi
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Hiroki Umeshima
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Koichi Tomita
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Department of Anatomy and Developmental Neurobiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503 Japan
| | - Yumiko Yoshimura
- grid.467811.d0000 0001 2272 1771Section of Visual Information Processing, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XDepartment of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585 Japan
| | - Niels Galjart
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- grid.467811.d0000 0001 2272 1771Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan ,grid.410804.90000000123090000Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971KOKORO-Biology Group, Laboratories for Integrated Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
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4
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Shinozaki Y, Leung A, Namekata K, Saitoh S, Nguyen HB, Takeda A, Danjo Y, Morizawa YM, Shigetomi E, Sano F, Yoshioka N, Takebayashi H, Ohno N, Segawa T, Miyake K, Kashiwagi K, Harada T, Ohnuma SI, Koizumi S. Astrocytic dysfunction induced by ABCA1 deficiency causes optic neuropathy. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq1081. [PMID: 36332025 PMCID: PMC9635836 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte abnormalities have received great attention for their association with various diseases in the brain but not so much in the eye. Recent independent genome-wide association studies of glaucoma, optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, and vision loss found that single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the ABCA1 locus were common risk factors. Here, we show that Abca1 loss in retinal astrocytes causes glaucoma-like optic neuropathy in aged mice. ABCA1 was highly expressed in retinal astrocytes in mice. Thus, we generated macroglia-specific Abca1-deficient mice (Glia-KO) and found that aged Glia-KO mice had RGC degeneration and ocular dysfunction without affected intraocular pressure, a conventional risk factor for glaucoma. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Abca1 deficiency in aged Glia-KO mice caused astrocyte-triggered inflammation and increased the susceptibility of certain RGC clusters to excitotoxicity. Together, astrocytes play a pivotal role in eye diseases, and loss of ABCA1 in astrocytes causes glaucoma-like neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Alex Leung
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, NIPS, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMP), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Akiko Takeda
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke M. Morizawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sano
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshioka
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, NIPS, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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5
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Yoshimura T, Yamagishi S, Akimoto Y, Saitoh S. Editorial: Brain imaging for glycobiology. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1026499. [PMID: 36189120 PMCID: PMC9515979 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1026499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshimura
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences (Anatomy II), Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sei Saitoh
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6
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Simankova A, Bizen N, Saitoh S, Shibata S, Ohno N, Abe M, Sakimura K, Takebayashi H. Ddx20, DEAD box helicase 20, is essential for the differentiation of oligodendrocyte and maintenance of myelin gene expression. Glia 2021; 69:2559-2574. [PMID: 34231259 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that surround axons, contributing to saltatory conduction and proper central nervous system (CNS) function. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are generated during the embryonic stage and differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes postnatally. Ddx20 is a multifunctional, DEAD-box helicase involved in multiple cellular processes, including transcription, splicing, microRNA biogenesis, and translation. Although defects in each of these processes result in abnormal oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, the involvement of Ddx20 in oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation remains unknown. To address this question, we used Mbp-Cre mice to generate Ddx20 conditional knockout (cKO) mice to allow for the deletion of Ddx20 from mature oligodendrocytes. Mbp-Cre;Ddx20 cKO mice demonstrated small body sizes, behavioral abnormalities, muscle weakness, and short lifespans, with mortality by the age of 2 months old. Histological analyses demonstrated significant reductions in the number of mature oligodendrocytes and drastic reductions in the expression levels of myelin-associated mRNAs, such as Mbp and Plp at postnatal day 42. The number of OPCs did not change. A thin myelin layer was observed for large-diameter axons in Ddx20 cKO mice, based on electron microscopic analysis. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling experiment demonstrated that terminal differentiation was perturbed from ages 2 weeks to 7 weeks in the CNS of Mbp-Cre;Ddx20 cKO mice. The activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, which promotes myelination, was downregulated in the Ddx20 cKO mice based on immunohistochemical detection. These results indicate that Ddx20 is an essential factor for terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes and maintenance of myelin gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Simankova
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Norihisa Bizen
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences (Anatomy II), Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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7
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Tanaka T, Ohno N, Osanai Y, Saitoh S, Thai TQ, Nishimura K, Shinjo T, Takemura S, Tatsumi K, Wanaka A. Large-scale electron microscopic volume imaging of interfascicular oligodendrocytes in the mouse corpus callosum. Glia 2021; 69:2488-2502. [PMID: 34165804 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Single oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths around multiple axons in the central nervous system. Interfascicular oligodendrocytes (IOs) facilitate nerve conduction, but their detailed morphologies remain largely unknown. In the present study, we three-dimensionally reconstructed IOs in the corpus callosum of adult mouse using serial block face scanning electron microscopy. The cell bodies of IOs were morphologically polarized and extended thick processes from the cytoplasm-rich part of the cell. Processes originating from the cell body of each IO can be classified into two types: one myelinates an axon without branching, while the other type branches and each branch myelinates a distinct axon. Myelin sheaths originating from a particular IO have biased thicknesses, wrapping axons of a limited range of diameters. Consistent with this finding, IOs transduced and visualized with a rabies viral vector expressing GFP showed statistically significant variation in their myelination patterns. We further reconstructed the sheath immediately adjacent to that derived from each of the analyzed IOs; the thicknesses of the pair of sheaths were significantly correlated despite emanating from different IOs. These results suggest that a single axon could regulate myelin sheath thicknesses, even if the sheaths are derived from distinct IOs. Collectively, our results indicate that the IOs have their own myelin profiles defined by myelin thickness and axonal diameter although axons may regulate thickness of myelin sheath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhide Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Osanai
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nishimura
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takeaki Shinjo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shoko Takemura
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kouko Tatsumi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Akio Wanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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8
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Imai Y, Sakurai M, Nakagawa H, Hirata A, Murakami Y, Kiyohara Y, Ninomiya T, Ishikawa S, Saitoh S, Irie F, Sairenchi T, Kiyama M, Miura K, Ueshima H, Okamura T. Impact of Proteinuria and Low eGFR on Lifetime Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Death: A Pooled Analysis of Data From the Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention From Observational Cohorts in Japan Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): H20–Junkankitou [Seishuu]–Ippan–013; H23–Junkankitou [Seishuu]–Ippan–005; H26-Junkankitou [Seisaku]-Ippan-001; H29–Junkankitou–Ippan–003 and 20FA1002
OnBehalf
EPOCH-JAPAN
Introduction
Absolute risk of Lifetime risk (LTR) is useful estimate for risk communication compared with short term risk or relative risk especially for young people. Proteinuria is leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although nonproteinuric renal disease is global burden of ESKD, it has been poorly focused. To date, there have been no reports of impact of proteinuria and low eGFR on LTR with the outcome of CVD death in Asian population.
Purpose
We aimed to estimate LTR of CVD death stratified by the status of proteinuria and low eGFR.
Methods
We used modified Kaplan-Meier approach to estimate the remaining lifetime risk of cardiovascular death based on EPOCH-JAPAN(Evidence for Cardiovascular Prevention From Observational Cohorts in Japan) database. LTR was estimated at each index age starting from 40 years for those with proteinuria and without proteinuria stratified by low eGFR, which is defined as eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m². Participants were classified into three groups, which were those with proteinuria (Proteinuria (+)), those without proteinuria with low eGFR (Proteinuria (-)/Low eGFR (+)), those without proteinuria without low eGFR (Proteinuria (-)/Low eGFR (-)).
Results
A total of 47,292 participants from 9 cohorts was included in the analysis. Mean follow-up period was 14.6 years with 690,463 person years and total CVD death was 1,075 in men and 1,193 in women. The LTRs at the index age of 40 years were as follows: 17.7% (95% confidence interval: 15.4 – 19.0%) in Proteinuria (-)/Low eGFR (-) group, 26.2% (20.2 – 31.1%) in Proteinuria (-)/low eGFR (+) group, 24.5% (15.1 – 29.3%) in Proteinuria (+) group for men; 15.3%(13.7 – 16.5%), 29.9%(14.7 – 46.8%) , 28.3%(19.4 – 34.7%) for women.
Conclusions
We observed that those without proteinuria with low eGFR have equivalently high LTR with those with proteinuria. These results indicate that even in the absence of proteinuria, low eGFR has high impact on LTR. Lifestyle modification from young age is necessary to prevent from renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Imai
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Sakurai
- Kanazawa Medical University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Kanazawa Medical University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - A Hirata
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Murakami
- Toho University, Department of Medical Statistics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kiyohara
- Hisayama Research Institute for Lifestyle Disease, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Ninomiya
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - S Ishikawa
- Jichi Medical University, Medical Education Center, Tochigi, Japan
| | - S Saitoh
- Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - F Irie
- Ibaraki Prefectural Office, Department of Health and Welfare, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Sairenchi
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Tochigi, Japan
| | - M Kiyama
- Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Miura
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Public Health, Shiga, Japan
| | - H Ueshima
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Public Health, Shiga, Japan
| | - T Okamura
- Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Nagai M, Saitoh S, Takaki T, Ohbayashi T, Hotta O, Ohno N, Joh K. Glomerular Cellular Interactions Following Disruption of the Glomerular Basement Membrane in IgA Nephropathy: Ultrastructural Analyses by 3-Dimensional Serial Block-Face Scanning Electron Microscopy. Kidney Med 2020; 2:222-225. [PMID: 32734243 PMCID: PMC7380390 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nagai
- Division of Nephrology, Narita Memorial Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron Microscopy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Yamauchi H, Kondo K, Tanaka S, Okuda N, Nakagawa H, Sakata K, Saitoh S, Okayama A, Yoshita K, Miura K, Chan Q, Masaki K, Elliott P, Stamler J, Ueshima H. P6234The relationship of alcohol consumption with risk factors of coronary heart disease and the intake of macro- and micro-nutrients in Japanese: the INTERLIPID study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Many studies have reported the J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk; therefore, light-drinkers is generally recognized to be associated with the lower risk of CHD. However, the mechanisms of lower risk for CHD in light-drinkers are still unclear. Alcohol drinking status is likely to be associated with not only CHD risk factors but also dietary intake. Nevertheless, few studies report these relationships in detail.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationships of alcohol drinking status with CHD classical risk factors and the intake of macro- and micro- nutrients in Japanese.
Methods
Study participants were 1,090 Japanese men and women aged 40–59 years from The INTERLIPID study excepted for 55 individuals who had missing data (n=26) and were past-drinkers (n=29). Alcohol consumption was assessed with two 7-day alcohol records, and average ethanol intake (per week) was calculated. Participants were classified into following 4 groups: non-drinkers (0g/week), light-drinkers (<100 g/week), moderate-drinkers (100–299 g/week), and heavy-drinkers (≥300 g/week). Serum LDL and HDL cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia, and smoking status were assessed as CHD risk factors. The intake of energy and macro- and micro-nutrients were evaluated from the four-timed in-depth 24-hr dietary recalls. Nutrient intake densities were calculated per total energy intake without alcohol. The analysis of variance and chi-squared test were used to evaluate the relations of alcohol status with CHD risk factors and nutrient intake.
Results
Serum HDL cholesterol levels increased and LDL cholesterol levels decreased with increasing alcohol consumption. Systolic and diastolic BP increased with increasing alcohol consumption. J-shaped relationships with alcohol consumption were observed for the proportion of current smoker, number of cigarettes, and the prevalence of hypertension; that is, light-drinkers was lowest among all groups. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was the highest in non-drinkers, and decreased with increasing alcohol consumption. In heavy-drinkers, total energy (kcal/day) was the highest, but energy intake without alcohol (kcal/day) was the lowest. For macronutrients, the intake of carbohydrate (%kcal) decreased, and the intakes of total and animal protein (%kcal) increased with increasing alcohol consumption. The intakes of total cholesterol (mg/1000kcal) and sodium (mg/1000kcal) increased, and total fiber (g/1000kcal) decreased with increasing alcohol consumption. These associations were similar in men and women.
Conclusions
Alcohol consumption was related with not only CHD classical risk factors but also the intake of macro- and micro-nutrients. Non-drinkers had a higher proportion of some CHD risk factors than light-drinkers. These results might influence on J-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and CHD risk.
Acknowledgement/Funding
1: Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan, 2: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamauchi
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Public Health, Shiga, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medical Statistics, Shiga, Japan
| | - N Okuda
- University of Human Arts and Sciences, Department of Health and Nutrition, Saitama, Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Kanazawa Medical University, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - K Sakata
- Iwate Medical University, Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate, Japan
| | - S Saitoh
- Sapporo Medical University, School of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yoshita
- Osaka City University, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Miura
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Public Health, Shiga, Japan
| | - Q Chan
- Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Masaki
- University of Hawaii and Kuakini Medical Center, Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, United States of America
| | - P Elliott
- Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Stamler
- Northwestern University, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States of America
| | - H Ueshima
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga, Japan
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11
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Takaki T, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Nagai M, Joh K. Podocyte penetration of the glomerular basement membrane to contact on the mesangial cell at the lesion of mesangial interposition in lupus nephritis: a three-dimensional analysis by serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019; 23:773-781. [PMID: 30734164 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction among the glomerular components plays an important role in the development of glomerular lesions; thus, investigation of the ultrastructural three-dimensional (3D) configuration of the human glomerular cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for understanding the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis, especially glomerulonephritis. METHODS We applied a new technique of serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM), which helps to acquire serial electron microscopic images to reconstruct a 3D ultrastructure, to a human kidney biopsy specimen obtained from a 25-year-old woman with lupus nephritis. RESULTS SBF-SEM demonstrated that the cytoplasmic processes of the podocyte penetrated into the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane, and was in direct contact with the cytoplasm of mesangial cells at the site of mesangial interposition. CONCLUSION Although this is a single-case observational study, SBF-SEM revealed a unique 3D configuration, suggesting a novel mechanism of direct intercellular cross-communication between podocytes and mesangial cells, aside from the presumed paracrine communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron microscopy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi-ken, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi-ken, 329-0431, Japan.,Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myoudaiji-cho, Okazaki-shi, Aichi-ken, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki-shi, Aichi-ken, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake-shi, Aichi-ken, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nagai
- Division of Nephrology, Narita Memorial Hospital, 134 Haneihonmachi, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi-ken, 441-8029, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi-ken, 980-8575, Japan
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12
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Ichinose T, Itabashi T, Mori H, Kuroda J, Imayasu M, Saitoh S, Kondo S, Iwane AH. 3D-Structual Modeling of Differentiation and Developmental Process using Advanced Electron Microscopy and Light Microscopy. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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Tsuji Y, Yuki S, Sawada K, Muranaka T, Kobayashi Y, Okuda H, Ogawa K, Minami S, Honda T, Dazai M, Kato T, Sasaki T, Shindo Y, Ota S, Sato A, Ueda A, Saitoh S, Nagai H, Sakata Y, Komatsu Y. HGCSG1503: A retrospective cohort study evaluating the safety and efficacy of TAS-102 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of cases of prior regorafenib. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy431.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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14
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Gnatiuc L, Herrington WG, Halsey J, Tuomilehto J, Fang X, Kim HC, De Bacquer D, Dobson AJ, Criqui MH, Jacobs DR, Leon DA, Peters SAE, Ueshima H, Sherliker P, Peto R, Collins R, Huxley RR, Emberson JR, Woodward M, Lewington S, Aoki N, Arima H, Arnesen E, Aromaa A, Assmann G, Bachman DL, Baigent C, Bartholomew H, Benetos A, Bengtsson C, Bennett D, Björkelund C, Blackburn H, Bonaa K, Boyle E, Broadhurst R, Carstensen J, Chambless L, Chen Z, Chew SK, Clarke R, Cox C, Curb JD, D'Agostino R, Date C, Davey Smith G, De Backer G, Dhaliwal SS, Duan XF, Ducimetiere P, Duffy S, Eliassen H, Elwood P, Empana J, Garcia-Palmieri MH, Gazes P, Giles GG, Gillis C, Goldbourt U, Gu DF, Guasch-Ferre M, Guize L, Haheim L, Hart C, Hashimoto S, Hashimoto T, Heng D, Hjermann I, Ho SC, Hobbs M, Hole D, Holme I, Horibe H, Hozawa A, Hu F, Hughes K, Iida M, Imai K, Imai Y, Iso H, Jackson R, Jamrozik K, Jee SH, Jensen G, Jiang CQ, Johansen NB, Jorgensen T, Jousilahti P, Kagaya M, Keil J, Keller J, Kim IS, Kita Y, Kitamura A, Kiyohara Y, Knekt P, Knuiman M, Kornitzer M, Kromhout D, Kronmal R, Lam TH, Law M, Lee J, Leren P, Levy D, Li YH, Lissner L, Luepker R, Luszcz M, MacMahon S, Maegawa H, Marmot M, Matsutani Y, Meade T, Morris J, Morris R, Murayama T, Naito Y, Nakachi K, Nakamura M, Nakayama T, Neaton J, Nietert PJ, Nishimoto Y, Norton R, Nozaki A, Ohkubo T, Okayama A, Pan WH, Puska P, Qizilbash N, Reunanen A, Rimm E, Rodgers A, Saitoh S, Sakata K, Sato S, Schnohr P, Schulte H, Selmer R, Sharp D, Shifu X, Shimamoto K, Shipley M, Silbershatz H, Sorlie P, Sritara P, Suh I, Sutherland SE, Sweetnam P, Tamakoshi A, Tanaka H, Thomsen T, Tominaga S, Tomita M, Törnberg S, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Tverdal A, Ueshima H, Vartiainen E, Wald N, Wannamethee SG, Welborn TA, Whincup P, Whitlock G, Willett W, Woo J, Wu ZL, Yao SX, Yarnell J, Yokoyama T, Yoshiike N, Zhang XH. Sex-specific relevance of diabetes to occlusive vascular and other mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual data from 980 793 adults from 68 prospective studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:538-546. [PMID: 29752194 PMCID: PMC6008496 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have shown that diabetes confers a higher relative risk of vascular mortality among women than among men, but whether this increased relative risk in women exists across age groups and within defined levels of other risk factors is uncertain. We aimed to determine whether differences in established risk factors, such as blood pressure, BMI, smoking, and cholesterol, explain the higher relative risks of vascular mortality among women than among men. METHODS In our meta-analysis, we obtained individual participant-level data from studies included in the Prospective Studies Collaboration and the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration that had obtained baseline information on age, sex, diabetes, total cholesterol, blood pressure, tobacco use, height, and weight. Data on causes of death were obtained from medical death certificates. We used Cox regression models to assess the relevance of diabetes (any type) to occlusive vascular mortality (ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, or other atherosclerotic deaths) by age, sex, and other major vascular risk factors, and to assess whether the associations of blood pressure, total cholesterol, and body-mass index (BMI) to occlusive vascular mortality are modified by diabetes. RESULTS Individual participant-level data were analysed from 980 793 adults. During 9·8 million person-years of follow-up, among participants aged between 35 and 89 years, 19 686 (25·6%) of 76 965 deaths were attributed to occlusive vascular disease. After controlling for major vascular risk factors, diabetes roughly doubled occlusive vascular mortality risk among men (death rate ratio [RR] 2·10, 95% CI 1·97-2·24) and tripled risk among women (3·00, 2·71-3·33; χ2 test for heterogeneity p<0·0001). For both sexes combined, the occlusive vascular death RRs were higher in younger individuals (aged 35-59 years: 2·60, 2·30-2·94) than in older individuals (aged 70-89 years: 2·01, 1·85-2·19; p=0·0001 for trend across age groups), and, across age groups, the death RRs were higher among women than among men. Therefore, women aged 35-59 years had the highest death RR across all age and sex groups (5·55, 4·15-7·44). However, since underlying confounder-adjusted occlusive vascular mortality rates at any age were higher in men than in women, the adjusted absolute excess occlusive vascular mortality associated with diabetes was similar for men and women. At ages 35-59 years, the excess absolute risk was 0·05% (95% CI 0·03-0·07) per year in women compared with 0·08% (0·05-0·10) per year in men; the corresponding excess at ages 70-89 years was 1·08% (0·84-1·32) per year in women and 0·91% (0·77-1·05) per year in men. Total cholesterol, blood pressure, and BMI each showed continuous log-linear associations with occlusive vascular mortality that were similar among individuals with and without diabetes across both sexes. INTERPRETATION Independent of other major vascular risk factors, diabetes substantially increased vascular risk in both men and women. Lifestyle changes to reduce smoking and obesity and use of cost-effective drugs that target major vascular risks (eg, statins and antihypertensive drugs) are important in both men and women with diabetes, but might not reduce the relative excess risk of occlusive vascular disease in women with diabetes, which remains unexplained. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, European Union BIOMED programme, and National Institute on Aging (US National Institutes of Health).
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15
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Hatanaka K, Yuki S, Nakano S, Sawada K, Harada K, Okuda H, Ando T, Ogawa K, Furukawa K, Minami S, Saiki T, Ohta T, Kato T, Nakajima J, Sasaki T, Saitoh S, Shindo Y, Tateyama M, Kato S, Nagai H, Sakata Y, Komatsu Y. HGCSG1503: A retrospective cohort study evaluating the safety and efficacy of TAS-102 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of GERCOR index. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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16
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Saitoh S, Ohno N, Saitoh Y, Terada N, Shimo S, Aida K, Fujii H, Kobayashi T, Ohno S. Improved Serial Sectioning Techniques for Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy Mapping of Human Langerhans Islets. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:9-20. [PMID: 29622846 PMCID: PMC5880804 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.17020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined analysis of immunostaining for various biological molecules coupled with investigations of ultrastructural features of individual cells is a powerful approach for studies of cellular functions in normal and pathological conditions. However, weak antigenicity of tissues fixed by conventional methods poses a problem for immunoassays. This study introduces a method of correlative light and electron microscopy imaging of the same endocrine cells of compact and diffuse islets from human pancreatic tissue specimens. The method utilizes serial sections obtained from Epon-embedded specimens fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Double-immunofluorescence staining of thick Epon sections for endocrine hormones (insulin and glucagon) and regenerating islet-derived gene 1 α (REG1α) was performed following the removal of Epoxy resin with sodium ethoxide, antigen retrieval by autoclaving, and de-osmification treatment with hydrogen peroxide. The immunofluorescence images of endocrine cells were superimposed with the electron microscopy images of the same cells obtained from serial ultrathin sections. Immunofluorescence images showed well-preserved secretory granules in endocrine cells, whereas electron microscopy observations demonstrated corresponding secretory granules and intracellular organelles in the same cells. In conclusion, the correlative imaging approach developed by us may be useful for examining ultrastructural features in combination with immunolocalisation of endocrine hormones in the same human pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
- Present address: Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Shimo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kaoru Aida
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Hideki Fujii
- First Department of Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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17
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Katoh M, Wu B, Nguyen HB, Thai TQ, Yamasaki R, Lu H, Rietsch AM, Zorlu MM, Shinozaki Y, Saitoh Y, Saitoh S, Sakoh T, Ikenaka K, Koizumi S, Ransohoff RM, Ohno N. Polymorphic regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion modifies phenotypes of microglia in neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4942. [PMID: 28694451 PMCID: PMC5503944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and play complex roles in the milieu of diseases including the primary diseases of myelin. Although mitochondria are critical for cellular functions and survival in the nervous system, alterations in and the roles of mitochondrial dynamics and associated signaling in microglia are still poorly understood. In the present study, by combining immunohistochemistry and 3D ultrastructural analyses, we show that mitochondrial fission/fusion in reactive microglia is differentially regulated from that in monocyte-derived macrophages and the ramified microglia of normal white matter in myelin disease models. Mouse cerebral microglia in vitro demonstrated that stimulation of TLR4 with lipopolysaccharide, widely used to examine microglial reactions, caused the activation of the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increase in the ROS level activated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and facilitated elongation of mitochondria along the microtubule tracks. These results suggest that the polymorphic regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion in reactive microglia is mediated by distinct signaling under inflammatory conditions, and modulates microglial phenotypes through the production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Katoh
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Bao Wu
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Chifeng University, Inner Mongolia, 024000, China
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Anna M Rietsch
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Musab M Zorlu
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakoh
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Neuroinflammation Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Departments of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan. .,Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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18
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Suzuki T, Miyake N, Tsurusaki Y, Okamoto N, Alkindy A, Inaba A, Sato M, Ito S, Muramatsu K, Kimura S, Ieda D, Saitoh S, Hiyane M, Suzumura H, Yagyu K, Shiraishi H, Nakajima M, Fueki N, Habata Y, Ueda Y, Komatsu Y, Yan K, Shimoda K, Shitara Y, Mizuno S, Ichinomiya K, Sameshima K, Tsuyusaki Y, Kurosawa K, Sakai Y, Haginoya K, Kobayashi Y, Yoshizawa C, Hisano M, Nakashima M, Saitsu H, Takeda S, Matsumoto N. Molecular genetic analysis of 30 families with Joubert syndrome. Clin Genet 2016; 90:526-535. [PMID: 27434533 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is rare recessive disorders characterized by the combination of hypoplasia/aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, thickened and elongated superior cerebellar peduncles, and a deep interpeduncular fossa which is defined by neuroimaging and is termed the 'molar tooth sign'. JS is genetically highly heterogeneous, with at least 29 disease genes being involved. To further understand the genetic causes of JS, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 24 newly recruited JS families. Together with six previously reported families, we identified causative mutations in 25 out of 30 (24 + 6) families (83.3%). We identified eight mutated genes in 27 (21 + 6) Japanese families, TMEM67 (7/27, 25.9%) and CEP290 (6/27, 22.2%) were the most commonly mutated. Interestingly, 9 of 12 CEP290 disease alleles were c.6012-12T>A (75.0%), an allele that has not been reported in non-Japanese populations. Therefore c.6012-12T>A is a common allele in the Japanese population. Importantly, one Japanese and one Omani families carried compound biallelic mutations in two distinct genes (TMEM67/RPGRIP1L and TMEM138/BBS1, respectively). BBS1 is the causative gene in Bardet-Biedl syndrome. These concomitant mutations led to severe and/or complex clinical features in the patients, suggesting combined effects of different mutant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suzuki
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Tsurusaki
- Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Alkindy
- Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - A Inaba
- Yokohama City University Medical Center, Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Sato
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate school of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - K Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Kumamoto City Child Development Support Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - D Ieda
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Hiyane
- Division of Child Neurology, Okinawa Prefectural Southern Medical Center & Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - H Suzumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - K Yagyu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - H Shiraishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - N Fueki
- Division of Rehabilitation, Nagano Children's Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Y Habata
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Y Ueda
- Nire-no-kai Children's Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Y Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Shimoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Shitara
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Mizuno
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Human Service Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - K Ichinomiya
- Department of Neonatology, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - K Sameshima
- Division of Medical Genetics, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Tsuyusaki
- Division of Neurology, Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - K Kurosawa
- Division of Medical Genetics, Clinical Research Institute, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.,Academic Renal Unit, School of Clinical Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Yoshizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - M Hisano
- Department of Nephrology, Chiba Children's Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - H Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - S Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Goto T, Sugiura T, Awaya R, Ueda H, Mizutani E, Ito K, Nagasaki R, Kato T, Saitoh S. Survival of fetuses with severe oligohydramnios. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016. [DOI: 10.12891/ceog2068.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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20
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Nguyen HB, Thai TQ, Saitoh S, Wu B, Saitoh Y, Shimo S, Fujitani H, Otobe H, Ohno N. Conductive resins improve charging and resolution of acquired images in electron microscopic volume imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23721. [PMID: 27020327 PMCID: PMC4810419 DOI: 10.1038/srep23721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in serial block-face imaging using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have enabled the rapid and efficient acquisition of 3-dimensional (3D) ultrastructural information from a large volume of biological specimens including brain tissues. However, volume imaging under SEM is often hampered by sample charging, and typically requires specific sample preparation to reduce charging and increase image contrast. In the present study, we introduced carbon-based conductive resins for 3D analyses of subcellular ultrastructures, using serial block-face SEM (SBF-SEM) to image samples. Conductive resins were produced by adding the carbon black filler, Ketjen black, to resins commonly used for electron microscopic observations of biological specimens. Carbon black mostly localized around tissues and did not penetrate cells, whereas the conductive resins significantly reduced the charging of samples during SBF-SEM imaging. When serial images were acquired, embedding into the conductive resins improved the resolution of images by facilitating the successful cutting of samples in SBF-SEM. These results suggest that improving the conductivities of resins with a carbon black filler is a simple and useful option for reducing charging and enhancing the resolution of images obtained for volume imaging with SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Bang Nguyen
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Bao Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Health Science University, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan
| | | | - Hirohide Otobe
- Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa 210-0863 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.,Center for Multidisciplinary Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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21
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Thai TQ, Nguyen HB, Saitoh S, Wu B, Saitoh Y, Shimo S, Elewa YHA, Ichii O, Kon Y, Takaki T, Joh K, Ohno N. Rapid specimen preparation to improve the throughput of electron microscopic volume imaging for three-dimensional analyses of subcellular ultrastructures with serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 49:154-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Goto T, Sugiura T, Awaya R, Ueda H, Mizutani E, Ito K, Nagasaki R, Kato T, Saitoh S. Survival of fetuses with severe oligohydramnios. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016; 43:341-344. [PMID: 27328487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to identify predictive data on the short-term outcomes of fetuses with oligohydramnios. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of all pregnancies diagnosed with oligohydramnios was performed. RESULTS A total of 17 fetuses (seven males, seven females, and three unknown) with oligohydramnios were treated from 2004 to 2011. Oligohydramnios was first diagnosed at a 21.6 ± 4.2 weeks gestation. Terminations of pregnancy before 22 weeks were identified in five cases, and intrauterine fetal deaths occurred in two cases. Ten neonates were born alive, five cases survived over 28 days, and five cases died within 48 hours. Prognostic factors for survival included birth weight (2,457 ± 480 grams in survivors vs. 1973 ± 124 grams in non-survivors; p < 0.05) and the mean amniotic fluid index (AFI) (2.32 ± 1.19 cm in survivors vs. 0.46 ± 0.68 cm in non-survivors;p < 0.05). CONCLUSION All patients who survived had a mean AFI > 1.0 cm.
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23
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Ohno N, Katoh M, Saitoh Y, Saitoh S. Recent advancement in the challenges to connectomics. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015; 65:97-107. [PMID: 26671942 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancement of microscopic technologies established significant progress in our understanding of the brain. In the recent effort to elucidate the complete wiring map of the brain circuitry termed 'connectome', the different modalities of imaging technology, including those of light and electron microscopy, have started providing essential contribution in multiple organisms. The contribution would be impossible without the recent innovation in both acquisition and analyses of the big connectomic data. The current data demonstrated complicated networks with unidirectional and reciprocal connections of the cerebral circuits at the macroscopic and light microscopic ('mesoscopic') levels, and the unimaginable complexity of synaptic connections between axons and dendrites at the electron microscopic ('microscopic') level. At the same time, the data highlighted the necessity to make substantial advancement in methodology of the connectomic studies, including efficient handling and automated analyses of the acquired dataset. Further understanding about structural and functional connectome seems to be facilitated by combinations of the different imaging modalities. Such multidisciplinary approaches will give us the clues to address whether the complete connectome can elucidate fundamental mechanisms processing the basic and higher functions of human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Katoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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24
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Nguyen HB, Huang Z, Thai TQ, Wu B, Saitoh S, Saitoh Y, Ikenaka K, Ohno N. C1-P-02Analyses of mitochondrial changes in dysmyelinated axons. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Okamoto N, Miya F, Tsunoda T, Kato M, Saitoh S, Yamasaki M, Shimizu A, Torii C, Kanemura Y, Kosaki K. Targeted next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Clin Genet 2015; 88:288-92. [PMID: 25156961 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) based mutation screening strategy for neurodevelopmental diseases. Using this system, we screened 284 genes in 40 patients. Several novel mutations were discovered. Patient 1 had a novel mutation in ACTB. Her dysmorphic feature was mild for Baraitser-Winter syndrome. Patient 2 had a truncating mutation of DYRK1A. She lacked microcephaly, which was previously assumed to be a constant feature of DYRK1A loss of function. Patient 3 had a novel mutation in GABRD gene. She showed Rett syndrome like features. Patient 4 was diagnosed with Noonan syndrome with PTPN11 mutation. He showed complete agenesis of corpus callosum. We have discussed these novel findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - F Miya
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Tsunoda
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - M Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Yamasaki
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Shimizu
- Division of Biomedical Information Analysis, Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - C Torii
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka National Hospital, National Hospital Organization, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Shimo S, Saitoh S, Saitoh Y, Ohno N, Ohno S. Morphological and immunohistochemical analyses of soluble proteins in mucous membranes of living mouse intestines by cryotechniques. Microscopy (Oxf) 2015; 64:189-203. [PMID: 25770106 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have performed immunohistochemical or ultrastructural analyses of living mouse small intestines using Epon blocks prepared by 'in vivo cryotechnique' (IVCT). By electron microscopy, intracellular ultrastructures of epithelial cells were well preserved in tissue areas 5-10 μm away from cryogen-contact surface tissues. Their microvilli contained dynamically waving actin filaments, and highly electron-dense organelles, such as mitochondria, were seen under the widely organized terminal web. By quick-freezing of fresh resected tissues (FT-QF), many erythrocytes were congested within blood vessels due to loss of blood pressure. By immersion-fixation (IM-DH) and perfusion-fixation (PF-DH), small vacuoles were often seen in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, and their intercellular spaces were also dilated. Moreover, actin filament bundles were irregular in cross sections of microvilli, compared with those with IVCT. Epon-embedded thick sections were treated with sodium ethoxide, followed by antigen retrieval and immunostained for immunoglobulin A (IgA), Ig kappa light chain (Igκ), J-chain and albumin. By cryotechniques, IgA immunoreactivity was detected as tiny dot-like patterns in cytoplasm of some epithelial cells. Both J-chain and Igκ immunoreactivities were detected in the same local areas as those of IgA. By FT-QF, however, the IgA immunoreactivity was more weakly detected, compared with that with IVCT. In thick sections prepared by IM-DH and PF-DH, it was rarely observed in both plasma and epithelial cells. Another albumin was diffusely immunolocalized in extracellular matrices of mucous membranes and also within blood vessels. Thus, IVCT was useful for preservation of soluble proteins and ultrastructural analyses of dynamically changing epithelial cells of living mouse small intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shimo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan Present address: Department of Occupational Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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27
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Ueda H, Sugiura T, Katano K, Matsuhashi M, Kato S, Ito K, Nagasaki R, Kato T, Tsuno NH, Saitoh S. Perinatal management of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia associated with anti-group A antibody. Transfus Med 2015; 25:42-6. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Nagoya Japan
| | - T. Sugiura
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Nagoya Japan
| | - K. Katano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Graduate School of Medical Sciences Nagoya City University; Nagoya Japan
| | - M. Matsuhashi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Nagoya Japan
| | - K. Ito
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Nagoya Japan
| | - R. Nagasaki
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Nagoya Japan
| | - T. Kato
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Nagoya Japan
| | - N. H. Tsuno
- Department of Transfusion Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - S. Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology; Nagoya Japan
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28
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Abstract
Ultrastructural analyses with electron microscopy have provided indispensable information to understand physiology and pathology of the nervous system. Recent advancement in imaging methodology paved the way for complete reconstruction of the neuronal connection map in the central nervous system, which is termed 'connectome' and would provide key insights to understand the functions of the brain. The critical advancement includes serial ultrastructural observation with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) instead of conventional serial sectioning transmission electron microscopy along with specific tissue preparation methods to increase heavy metal deposition for efficient SEM imaging. The advanced imaging methods using SEM have distinct advantages and disadvantages in multiple aspects, such as resolution and imaging speed, and should be selected depending on the observation conditions, such as target tissue sizes, required spatial resolution and necessity for re-observation. Dealing with the huge dataset remained to be a major obstacle, and automation in segmentation and 3D reconstruction would be critical to understand neuronal circuits in a larger volume of the brain. Future improvement in acquisition and analyses of the morphological data obtained with the advanced SEM imaging is awaited to elucidate the significance of whole connectome as the structural basis of the consciousness, intelligence and memory of a subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Katoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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29
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Hara T, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y, Sezaki H, Hosaka T, Akuta N, Kobayashi M, Suzuki Y, Saitoh S, Arase Y, Ikeda K, Kobayashi M, Watahiki S, Mineta R, Kumada H. Long-term entecavir therapy results in falls in serum hepatitis B surface antigen levels and seroclearance in nucleos(t)ide-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:802-8. [PMID: 25274427 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Entecavir (ETV) is reported to result in suppression of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) replication with minimal drug resistance. However, information on the long-term effect of such therapy on serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level and elimination of HBsAg is not available. ETV therapy was started in 553 nucleos(t)ide-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (HBeAg positive: 45%) in our hospital. Serum HBsAg levels were measured serially by the Architect assay. The median baseline HBsAg was 2180 IU/mL (0.12-243 000 IU/mL), and median follow-up period was 3.0 years, with 529, 475, 355, 247 and 163 patients followed-up for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years, respectively. At year 5, the mean log HBsAg decline from baseline was -0.48 log IU/mL, and the cumulative HBsAg clearance rate was 3.5%. Multivariate analysis identified HBV DNA level at baseline (<3.0 log copies IU/mL, odd ratio = 10.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.87-55.5, P = 0.007) and HBsAg level (<500 IU/mL, odd ratio = 29.4; 95% confidence interval = 2.80-333, P = 0.005) as independent predictors of HBsAg seroclearance. These results indicate that although serum HBsAg level declines gradually during ETV therapy, HBsAg seroclearance remains a rare event.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hara
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Kodera H, Ando N, Yuasa I, Wada Y, Tsurusaki Y, Nakashima M, Miyake N, Saitoh S, Matsumoto N, Saitsu H. Mutations in COG2 encoding a subunit of the conserved oligomeric golgi complex cause a congenital disorder of glycosylation. Clin Genet 2014; 87:455-60. [PMID: 24784932 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is involved in intra-Golgi retrograde trafficking, and mutations in six of its eight subunits have been reported in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Here we report a patient showing severe acquired microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, seizures, liver dysfunction, hypocupremia, and hypoceruloplasminemia. Analysis of his serum glycoproteins revealed defects in both sialylation and galactosylation of glycan termini. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing identified two heterozygous mutations in COG2: a de novo frameshift mutation [c.701dup (p.Tyr234*)] and a missense mutation [c.1900T > G (p.Trp634Gly)]. Sequencing of cloned reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products revealed that both mutations were located on separate alleles, as expected, and that the mutant transcript harboring the frameshift mutation underwent degradation. The c.1900T > G (p.Trp634Gly) mutation is located in a domain highly conserved among vertebrates and was absent from both the public database and our control exomes. Protein expression of COG2, along with COG3 and COG4, was decreased in fibroblasts from the patient. Our data strongly suggest that these compound heterozygous mutations in COG2 are causative of CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kodera
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Aida K, Saitoh S, Nishida Y, Yokota S, Ohno S, Mao X, Akiyama D, Tanaka S, Awata T, Shimada A, Oikawa Y, Shimura H, Furuya F, Takizawa S, Ichijo M, Ichijo S, Itakura J, Fujii H, Hashiguchi A, Takasawa S, Endo T, Kobayashi T. Distinct cell clusters touching islet cells induce islet cell replication in association with over-expression of Regenerating Gene (REG) protein in fulminant type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95110. [PMID: 24759849 PMCID: PMC3997392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic islet endocrine cell-supporting architectures, including islet encapsulating basement membranes (BMs), extracellular matrix (ECM), and possible cell clusters, are unclear. PROCEDURES The architectures around islet cell clusters, including BMs, ECM, and pancreatic acinar-like cell clusters, were studied in the non-diabetic state and in the inflamed milieu of fulminant type 1 diabetes in humans. RESULT Immunohistochemical and electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that human islet cell clusters and acinar-like cell clusters adhere directly to each other with desmosomal structures and coated-pit-like structures between the two cell clusters. The two cell-clusters are encapsulated by a continuous capsule composed of common BMs/ECM. The acinar-like cell clusters have vesicles containing regenerating (REG) Iα protein. The vesicles containing REG Iα protein are directly secreted to islet cells. In the inflamed milieu of fulminant type 1 diabetes, the acinar-like cell clusters over-expressed REG Iα protein. Islet endocrine cells, including beta-cells and non-beta cells, which were packed with the acinar-like cell clusters, show self-replication with a markedly increased number of Ki67-positive cells. CONCLUSION The acinar-like cell clusters touching islet endocrine cells are distinct, because the cell clusters are packed with pancreatic islet clusters and surrounded by common BMs/ECM. Furthermore, the acinar-like cell clusters express REG Iα protein and secrete directly to neighboring islet endocrine cells in the non-diabetic state, and the cell clusters over-express REG Iα in the inflamed milieu of fulminant type 1 diabetes with marked self-replication of islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Aida
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoriko Nishida
- Department of Nursing, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sadanori Yokota
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Saseho, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Xiayang Mao
- Department of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Akiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takuya Awata
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Shimada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichi Oikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Soichi Takizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ichijo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ichijo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jun Itakura
- Department of Surgery I, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideki Fujii
- Department of Surgery I, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Endo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Suzuki S, Yoshihisa A, Abe Y, Saito T, Ohwada T, Kubota I, Saitoh S, Takeishi Y. Acute heart failure volume control trial: the comparison of tolvaptan and carperitide. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hiroyuki Y, Yoshihisa A, Owada T, Yamaki T, Sugimoto K, Kunii H, Nakazato K, Suzuki H, Saitoh S, Takeishi Y. Clinical features of patients with decompensated heart failure after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht307.p653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hojo M, Maekawa K, Saitoh S, Shigenobu S, Miura T, Hayashi Y, Tokuda G, Maekawa H. Exploration and characterization of genes involved in the synthesis of diterpene defence secretion in nasute termite soldiers. Insect Mol Biol 2012; 21:545-557. [PMID: 22984844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nasutitermes takasagoensis soldiers defend their colonies using characteristic diterpenes. Diterpenes are thought to be synthesized in the frontal gland cells surrounding the gland reservoir. To identify the genes involved in diterpene synthesis, a cDNA library was prepared from the frontal gland cells and exhaustively sequenced using a 454 pyrosequencer (GS Junior; Roche, Branford, CT, USA). A total of 50,290 clean sequences were assembled into 1111 contigs, which were grouped into 774 genes (isogroups). Based on sequence similarity with known proteins, we identified seven genes encoding the following four enzymes associated with diterpene synthesis: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase (HMGS), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases. The expression levels of two enzymes, HMGS and HMGR, involved in the mevalonate pathway were examined, assuming that the site of the defensive terpenoid synthesis strongly activates the mevalonate pathway, which produces a precursor of terpenoids. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR confirmed significantly higher expression of HMGS and HMGR in the heads of soldiers. We then divided the head into three parts and found that the expression levels of HMGS and HMGR were significantly higher in the part containing class 1 secretory cells of the frontal gland. Overall, the results suggested that the mevalonate pathway for diterpene synthesis occurs in class 1 cells around the frontal gland reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hojo
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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Terada N, Saitoh Y, Saitoh S, Ohno N, Fujishita K, Koizumi S, Ohno S. Visualization of ATP with luciferin-luciferase reaction in mouse skeletal muscles using an "in vivo cryotechnique". Microsc Microanal 2012; 18:1030-1036. [PMID: 23058452 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a well-known energy source for muscle contraction. In this study, to visualize localization of ATP, a luciferin-luciferase reaction (LLR) was performed in mouse skeletal muscle with an "in vivo cryotechnique" (IVCT). First, to confirm if ATP molecules could be trapped and detected after glutaraldehyde (GA) treatment, ATP was directly attached to glass slides with GA, and LLR was performed. The LLR was clearly detected as an intentional design of the ATP attachment. The intensity of the light unit by LLR was correlated with the concentration of the GA-treated ATP in vitro. Next, LLR was evaluated in mouse skeletal muscles with IVCT followed by freeze-substitution fixation (FS) in acetone-containing GA. In such tissue sections the histological structure was well maintained, and the intensity of LLR in areas between muscle fibers and connective tissues was different. Moreover, differences in LLR among muscle fibers were also detected. For the IVCT-FS tissue sections, diaminobenzidine (DAB) reactions were clearly detected in type I muscle fibers and erythrocytes in capillaries, which demonstrated flow shape. Thus, it became possible to perform microscopic evaluation of the numbers of ATP molecules in the mouse skeletal muscles with IVCT, which mostly reflect living states.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Terada
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Bai Y, Wu B, Terada N, Saitoh Y, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Ohno S. Immunohistochemical analysis of various serum proteins in living mouse thymus with "in vivo cryotechnique". Med Mol Morphol 2012; 45:129-39. [PMID: 23001295 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-011-0549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been difficult to clarify the precise localizations of soluble serum proteins in thymic tissues of living animals with conventional immersion- or perfusion-fixation followed by alcohol dehydration owing to ischemia and anoxia. In this study, "in vivo cryotechnique" (IVCT) followed by freeze-substitution fixation was performed to examine the thymic structures of living mice and immunolocalizations of intrinsic or extrinsic serum proteins, which were albumin, immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgA, and IgM, as well as intravenously injected bovine serum albumin (BSA). Mouse albumin was more clearly immunolocalized in blood vessels and interstitial matrices of the thymic cortex than in tissues prepared by the conventional methods. The immunoreactivities of albumin and IgG1 were stronger than those of IgA and IgM in the interstitium of subcapsular cortex. The injected BSA was time-dependently immunolocalized in blood vessels and the interstitium of corticomedullary areas at 3.5 h after its injection, and then gradually diffused into the interstitium of the whole cortex at 6 h and 12 h. Thus, IVCT revealed definite immunolocalizations of serum albumin and IgG1 in the interstitium of thymus of living mice, indicating different accessibility of serum proteins from the corticomedullary areas, not from the subcapsular cortex of living animals, depending on various molecular sizes and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Bai
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Kadota A, Miura K, Shinozaki T, Saitoh S, Kiyohara Y, Adachi H, Kawano H, Momotsu T, Amano H, Onoda T, Ando T, Taguri M, Harada A, Ohashi Y, Ueshima H. SP1-51 Diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: the Japan atherosclerosis longitudinal study-existing cohorts combine (JALS-ECC). Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976n.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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38
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Shi L, Terada N, Saitoh Y, Saitoh S, Ohno S. Immunohistochemical distribution of serum proteins in living mouse heart with In vivo cryotechnique. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2011; 44:61-72. [PMID: 21614167 PMCID: PMC3096083 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo cryotechnique (IVCT), which immediately cryofixes target organs in situ, was used to clarify the morphological features of beating heart tissue of living mice. IVCT was performed for diastolic heart tissue under the condition of monitoring with electrocardiogram (ECG). Other mouse hearts were prepared with conventional perfusion-fixation (PF-DH) or immersion-fixation followed by dehydration (IM-DH), and quick-freezing of resected heart tissues (FQF). Immunolocalizations of albumin, immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), intravenously injected bovine serum albumin (BSA), and connexin 43 were examined after different intervals of BSA injection. In the case of IVCT, the exact stop time of beating mouse hearts was recorded by ECG, and open blood vessels with flowing erythrocytes were observed with less artificial tissue shrinkage than with conventional preparation methods. Both albumin and BSA were well preserved in intercalated discs and t-tubules of cardiomyocytes in addition to blood vessels and interstitial matrices. IgG1 was immunolocalized in interstitial matrices of heart tissues in addition to their blood vessels. At 4 hr after BSA injection, it was immunolocalized in the intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes and lost later at 8 hr. IVCT should prove to be more useful for the morphofunctional examination of dynamically changing heart tissue than conventional preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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39
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Bai Y, Wu B, Terada N, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Saitoh Y, Ohno S. Histological study and LYVE-1 immunolocalization of mouse mesenteric lymph nodes with "In Vivo Cryotechnique". Acta Histochem Cytochem 2011; 44:81-90. [PMID: 21614169 PMCID: PMC3096085 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.11002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The “in vivo cryotechnique” (IVCT) is a powerful tool to directly freeze living animal organs in order to maintain biological components in frozen tissues, reflecting their native states. In this study, mesenteric lymph nodes of living mice were directly frozen with IVCT, and we did morphological studies and immunohistochemical analyses on a hyaluronic acid receptor, LYVE-1. In lymph nodes, widely open lymphatic sinuses were observed, and many lymphocytes adhered to inner endothelial cells along subcapsular sinuses. The LYVE-1 was clearly immunolocalized at inner endothelial cells of subcapsular sinuses, as well as those of medullary sinuses. Conventional pre-embedding electron microscopy also showed LYVE-1 immunolocalization along both the apical and basal sides of cell membranes of inner endothelial cells. By triple-immunostaining for LYVE-1, smooth muscle actin, and type IV collagen, the LYVE-1 was immunolocalized only in the inner endothelial cells, but not in outer ones which were surrounded by collagen matrix and smooth muscle cells. Thus, the functional morphology of lymph nodes in vivo was demonstrated and LYVE-1 immunolocalization in inner endothelial cells of subcapsular sinuses suggests hyaluronic acid incorporation into lymph node parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Bai
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Bao Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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Abstract
In management of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis culture, it is important to understand the phytoplankton bloom development in the coastal region of the Okhotsk Sea. Variations in food available to this benthic bivalve are a primary environmental factor affecting growth in nature. This paper determined the seasonal variability of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) at the scallop farming region in the Okhotsk Sea from 1998 to 2004 using satellite imageries. Satellite images were processed using default NASA coefficients and community-standard algorithms as implemented by Sea DAS. Spatial and temporal variation of Chl a was determined by EOF analysis. The Chl a concentration showed high seasonal and interannual variability. Peak of Chl a concentration occurred in spring followed by autumn and summer. This was evident in the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The spatial pattern of the first mode of EOF analysis of Chl a revealed intensified Chl a at the shelf and offshore areas in spring and autumn (51.8% of variance). The second mode explained 14.2% of the variance indicating enhancement of spring (April-May) Chl a pattern in the frontal area along the coast. Meanwhile, the third mode captured 9.0% of the variability demonstrating high Chl a extending seaward from the shelf area during late autumn. These seasonal variability of Chl a resulted from the variability in occurrences of physical processes associated with retreat of sea ice in spring, advection of Soya Warm Current in summer and intrusion of East Sakhalin Current in autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mustapha
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lihan T, Mustapha M, Rahim S, Saitoh S, Iida K. Influence of River Plume on Variability of Chlorophyll a Concentration using Satellite Images. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2011.484.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen J, Terada N, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Saitoh Y, Ohno S. Immunolocalization of membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G, in enteric glial cells in the mouse large intestine. Neurosci Lett 2010; 488:193-8. [PMID: 21093541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
4.1 family proteins are membrane skeletal proteins that interact with spectrin-actin networks and intramembraneous proteins. We reported that one of them, 4.1G, was immunolocalized in myelinated nerve fibers of the mouse peripheral nervous system, especially along cell membranes of paranodes and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures in Schwann cells. In this study, to examine 4.1G's appearance in unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibers, we focused on the enteric nervous system in mouse large intestines. In intestinal tissues prepared by an "in vivo cryotechnique" followed by freeze-substitution fixation, 4.1G was immunolocalized in Auerbach's myenteric plexus and connecting nerve fiber networks. Its immunostaining was mostly colocalized with glial fibrillar acidic protein, a marker of enteric glial cells, but not with c-Kit, a marker of interstitial cells of Cajal. Using whole-mount preparation after splitting inner and outer muscle layers, the nerve fiber networks including the plexus were clearly detected by the 4.1G immunostaining. By conventional pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy, 4.1G was detected along cell membranes of enteric glial cells and their processes surrounding axons. These indicate that 4.1G may have some roles in adhesion and/or signal transduction in unmylinated PNS nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorong Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Saitoh Y, Terada N, Saitoh S, Ohno N, Fujii Y, Ohno S. Three-dimensional reconstruction of living mouse liver tissues using cryotechniques with confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2010; 59:513-525. [PMID: 20709827 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfq065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Soluble proteins and glycogen particles are well preserved in paraffin-embedded sections prepared by in vivo cryotechnique (IVCT) and cryobiopsy followed by freeze substitution fixation. We performed confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses on the distributions of glycogen with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and serum proteins with immunostaining for mouse liver tissues. Livers of fully fed mice showed a strong fluorescence signal of PAS staining in all hepatocytes and immunofluorescence of immunoglobulin kappa light chain (Igκ) in blood vessels and bile canaliculi. However, some hepatocytes in mechanically damaged livers were PAS-negative and Igκ-immunopositive, showing extraction of glycogen particles and infiltration of serum proteins in hepatocytes. By three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of serial optical sections, interconnecting hepatic sinusoids and bile canaliculi were detected with Igκ immunostaining between trabecular hepatocytes that were PAS stained. In PAS-stained samples under fasting conditions, interstitial structures along sinusoids were clarified in vivo by 3D reconstruction because of the lower PAS staining intensity of hepatocytes. In addition, 100-μm-thick eosin-stained slices provided 3D structural images more than 30 μm in thickness away from tissue surfaces, showing blood vessels with flowing erythrocytes and networks of bile ducts and canaliculi. IVCT and cryobiopsy with histochemical analyses enabled us to visualize native hepatocytic glycogen and 3D structures, such as vascular networks, reflecting their living states by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Shimo S, Saitoh S, Terada N, Ohno N, Saitoh Y, Ohno S. Immunohistochemical detection of soluble immunoglobulins in living mouse small intestines using an in vivo cryotechnique. J Immunol Methods 2010; 361:64-74. [PMID: 20691695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Some morphological changes are inevitable during immersion- or perfusion-fixation and following alcohol-dehydration for tissue preparations. Common immunostaining techniques for these specimens have some limitations to capture accurate localizations of soluble proteins in cells and tissues. In this study, to examine in situ distributions of immunoglobulins (Igs), small intestinal tissues of living mice were prepared with our "in vivo cryotechnique" (IVCT). Thin sections were first stained with hematoxylin-eosin for morphology, and then some immunostainings were performed on serial sections for IgA, Ig kappa light chain, IgG1 heavy chain (IgG1), and IgM. Living morphological states of small intestinal tissues, including flowing erythrocytes and opening blood vessels, were observed on paraffin sections prepared with IVCT. IgA was immunolocalized in many plasma cells of the lamina mucosa propria, intestinal matrices, and also in epithelial cells of the intestinal villi and crypts. Both IgG1 and IgM immunoreactivities were mainly detected in blood vessels, whereas only IgG1 was also immunolocalized in interstitial matrices of mucous membranes. By perfusion-fixation and alcohol-dehydration, however, IgA immunoreactivity was observed in plasma cells, but not in epithelial cells or the lamina mucosa propria. Thus, IVCT was more useful to examine in vivo immunolocalizations of soluble Igs in small intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shimo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Yamazawa K, Nakabayashi K, Kagami M, Sato T, Saitoh S, Horikawa R, Hizuka N, Ogata T. Parthenogenetic chimaerism/mosaicism with a Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype. J Med Genet 2010; 47:782-5. [PMID: 20685670 PMCID: PMC2976035 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.079343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We report a 34-year-old Japanese female with a Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS)-like phenotype and a mosaic Turner syndrome karyotype (45,X/46,XX). Methods/Results Molecular studies including methylation analysis of 17 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) on the autosomes and the XIST-DMR on the X chromosome and genome-wide microsatellite analysis for 96 autosomal loci and 30 X chromosomal loci revealed that the 46,XX cell lineage was accompanied by maternal uniparental isodisomy for all chromosomes (upid(AC)mat), whereas the 45,X cell lineage was associated with biparentally derived autosomes and a maternally derived X chromosome. The frequency of the 46,XX upid(AC)mat cells was calculated as 84% in leukocytes, 56% in salivary cells, and 18% in buccal epithelial cells. Discussion The results imply that a parthenogenetic activation took place around the time of fertilisation of a sperm missing a sex chromosome, resulting in the generation of the upid(AC)mat 46,XX cell lineage by endoreplication of one blastomere containing a female pronucleus and the 45,X cell lineage by union of male and female pronuclei. It is likely that the extent of overall (epi)genetic aberrations exceeded the threshold level for the development of SRS phenotype, but not for the occurrence of other imprinting disorders or recessive Mendelian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamazawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Ohkura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Ohno S, Terada N, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Saitoh Y, Fujii Y. Significance of 'in vivo cryotechnique' for morphofunctional analyses of living animal organs. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2010; 59:395-408. [PMID: 20667816 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfq058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Our final goal of morphological and immunohistochemical studies is that all findings examined in animal experiments should reflect the physiologically functional background. Therefore, the preservation of original components in cells and tissues of animals is necessary for describing the functional morphology of living animal organs. It is generally accepted that morphological findings of various organs were easily modified by stopping their blood supply. There had been a need to develop a new preparation technique for freezing the living animal organs in vivo and then obtaining acceptable morphology and also immunolocalization of original components in functioning cells and tissues. We already developed the 'in vivo cryotechnique' (IVCT) not only for their morphology, but also for immunohistochemistry of many soluble components in various living animal organs. All physiological processes of cells and tissues were immediately immobilized by IVCT, and every component in the cells and tissues was maintained in situ at the time of freezing. Thus, the ischaemic or anoxic effects on them could be minimized by IVCT. Our specially designed cryoknife with liquid cryogen has solved the morphological and immunohistochemical problems which are inevitable with the conventional preparation methods at a light or electron microscopic level. The IVCT will be extremely useful for arresting transient physiological processes and for maintaining any intracellular components in situ, such as rapidly changing signal molecules, membrane channels and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Ohno
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo City, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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Nakamura M, Yabe I, Sudo A, Hosoki K, Yaguchi H, Saitoh S, Sasaki H. MERRF/MELAS overlap syndrome: a double pathogenic mutation in mitochondrial tRNA genes. J Med Genet 2010; 47:659-64. [PMID: 20610441 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2009.072058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibres (MERRF) and mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) are established phenotypes of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. The m.8356T>C transition in the mitochondrial tRNA(Lys) gene is a pathogenic mutations of MERRF. The m.3243A>G transition in the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu) gene is detected in most MELAS patients. Although previous analyses of double mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were useful for discussing their nature, many unsolved questions remain. OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and genetic features of a family with the above mtDNA double-point mutations and discuss the role of double mtDNA mutations in diverse clinical features in the family. PATIENTS AND METHODS The proband was a 23-year-old woman with MERRF harbouring m.8356T>C and m.3243A>G transitions in mitochondrial tRNA genes. We assessed clinical aspects of her and those of her three relatives and performed mutation analyses on their mtDNA. RESULTS Phenotypes of the four patients were MERRF, MERRF/MELAS overlap syndrome and asymptomatic carrier. We hypothesise that the course of the phenotype of this family begins with MERRF and is followed by MELAS. This double mutation was heteroplasmic in blood of all four patients but with different rates in each patient, while m.8356T>C appeared homoplasmic and m.3243A>G was heteroplasmic in muscle of the two examined cases. No other mutations were detected in the total mtDNA sequence in this family. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported case of a double-point mutation in mtDNA, both of which were heteroplasmic and pathogenic for the established phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Kawamura Y, Ikeda K, Hirakawa M, Hosaka T, Akuta N, Kobayashi M, Saitoh S, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, Kumada H. A new classification of dynamic CT images predictive of malignant characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Terada N, Ohno N, Saitoh S, Saitoh Y, Komada M, Kubota H, Ohno S. Involvement of a membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G, for Sertoli/germ cell interaction. Reproduction 2010; 139:883-92. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-10-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G (also known as EPB41L2), is immunolocalized in mouse seminiferous tubules. In this study, the 4.1G immunolocalizaiton was precisely evaluated at various stages of the mouse seminiferous epithelial cycle with ‘in vivocryotechnique’ and also with pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy in testicular tissues whose ultrastructures were well preserved with glycerol treatment before cryosectioning. In addition, 4.1G-deficient mice were produced, and the morphology of their seminiferous tubules was also evaluated. The 4.1G immunolocalization was different among stages, indicating that it was not only along cell membranes of Sertoli cells, but also those of spermatogonia and early spermatocytes. To confirm the 4.1G immunolocalization in germ cells,in vitroculture of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) was used for immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting analysis. In the cultured SSCs, 4.1G was clearly expressed and immunolocalized along cell membranes, especially at mutual attaching regions. In testicular tissues, cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1), an intramembranous adhesion molecule, was colocalized on basal parts of the seminiferous tubules and immunoprecipitated with 4.1G in the tissue lysate. Interestingly, in the 4.1G-deficient mice, histological manifestation of the seminiferous tubules was not different from that in wild-type mice, and the CADM1 was also immunolocalized in the same pattern as that in the wild-type. Moreover, the 4.1G-deficient male mice were fertile. These results were probably due to functional redundancy of unknown membrane skeletal molecules in germ cells. Thus, a novel membrane skeletal protein, 4.1G, was found in germ cells, and considering its interaction with CADM family, it probably has roles in attachment of both Sertoli–germ and germ–germ cells.
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Saitoh Y, Terada N, Saitoh S, Ohno N, Fujii Y, Ohno S. Histochemical approach of cryobiopsy for glycogen distribution in living mouse livers under fasting and local circulation loss conditions. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 133:229-39. [PMID: 19949818 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soluble proteins and glycogen particles, which are easily lost upon conventional chemical fixation, have been reported to be better preserved in paraffin-embedded sections by 'cryobiopsy' combined with freeze-substitution fixation (FS). In this study, we examined the distribution of glycogen in living mouse livers under physiologic and pathologic conditions with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining by cryobiopsy. The livers of the fully fed mice showed high PAS-staining intensity in the cytoplasm of all hepatocytes. The PAS-staining intensity gradually decreased away from hepatocytes around portal tracts, depending on treatments with different alpha-amylase concentrations. At 6 or 12 h after fasting, PAS-staining intensity markedly decreased in restricted areas of zone I near the portal tracts. The cryobiopsy was repeatedly performed not only on different mice, but also on individuals. Next, glycogen distributions were evaluated by temporarily clipping of liver tissues of anesthetized mice, followed by recovery of blood circulation. In the liver tissues in which blood was recirculated for 1 h after the 30 min anoxia, PAS staining was still observed in zone II and also in restricted areas of zone I far from the portal tracts. In PAS-unstained hepatocytes, the immunoglobulin-kappa light chain was not detected in the cytoplasm, indicating that cell membrane permeability was retained and that glycogen metabolism was related to the functional state of blood circulation. We propose that the level of consumption or production of glycogen particles could vary in zone I, depending on the distance from the portal tracts. Thus, cryobiopsy combined with FS enabled us to examine time-dependent changes in glycogen distribution in the liver tissues of living mice. This combination might be applicable to the clinical evaluation of human liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurika Saitoh
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan
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