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Struck EC, Belova T, Hsieh PH, Odeberg JO, Kuijjer ML, Dusart PJ, Butler LM. Global Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Phases of the Endothelial Response to TNF. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:117-129. [PMID: 38019121 PMCID: PMC10733583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as a dynamic interface between blood and tissue. TNF-α, a major regulator of inflammation, induces endothelial cell (EC) transcriptional changes, the overall response dynamics of which have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we conducted an extended time-course analysis of the human EC response to TNF, from 30 min to 72 h. We identified regulated genes and used weighted gene network correlation analysis to decipher coexpression profiles, uncovering two distinct temporal phases: an acute response (between 1 and 4 h) and a later phase (between 12 and 24 h). Sex-based subset analysis revealed that the response was comparable between female and male cells. Several previously uncharacterized genes were strongly regulated during the acute phase, whereas the majority in the later phase were IFN-stimulated genes. A lack of IFN transcription indicated that this IFN-stimulated gene expression was independent of de novo IFN production. We also observed two groups of genes whose transcription was inhibited by TNF: those that resolved toward baseline levels and those that did not. Our study provides insights into the global dynamics of the EC transcriptional response to TNF, highlighting distinct gene expression patterns during the acute and later phases. Data for all coding and noncoding genes is provided on the Web site (http://www.endothelial-response.org/). These findings may be useful in understanding the role of ECs in inflammation and in developing TNF signaling-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike C. Struck
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tatiana Belova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ping-Han Hsieh
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob O. Odeberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- The University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marieke L. Kuijjer
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Center for Computational Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Philip J. Dusart
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn M. Butler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fang Z, Wang X, Sun X, Hu W, Miao QR. The Role of Histone Protein Acetylation in Regulating Endothelial Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672447. [PMID: 33996829 PMCID: PMC8113824 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC), consisting of the innermost cellular layer of all types of vessels, is not only a barrier composer but also performing multiple functions in physiological processes. It actively controls the vascular tone and the extravasation of water, solutes, and macromolecules; modulates circulating immune cells as well as platelet and leukocyte recruitment/adhesion and activation. In addition, EC also tightly keeps coagulation/fibrinolysis balance and plays a major role in angiogenesis. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Growing pieces of evidence suggest that histone protein acetylation, an epigenetic mark, is altered in ECs under different conditions, and the acetylation status change at different lysine sites on histone protein plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction and involved in hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammatory disease, cancer and so on. In this review, we highlight the importance of histone acetylation in regulating endothelial functions and discuss the roles of histone acetylation across the transcriptional unit of protein-coding genes in ECs under different disease-related pathophysiological processes. Since histone acetylation changes are conserved and reversible, the knowledge of histone acetylation in endothelial function regulation could provide insights to develop epigenetic interventions in preventing or treating endothelial dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoran Sun
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Wenquan Hu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Qing R. Miao
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, United States
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Oesterreicher J, Pultar M, Schneider J, Mühleder S, Zipperle J, Grillari J, Holnthoner W. Fluorescence-Based Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis and Flow Cytometry for Characterization of Endothelial Extracellular Vesicle Release. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9278. [PMID: 33291792 PMCID: PMC7731108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become a prominent topic in life sciences, a growing number of studies are published on a regular basis addressing their biological relevance and possible applications. Nevertheless, the fundamental question of the true vesicular nature as well as possible influences on the EV secretion behavior have often been not adequately addressed. Furthermore, research regarding endothelial cell-derived EVs (EndoEVs) often focused on the large vesicular fractions comprising of microvesicles (MV) and apoptotic bodies. In this study we aimed to further extend the current knowledge of the influence of pre-isolation conditions, such as cell density and conditioning time, on EndoEV release from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We combined fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and the established fluorescence-triggered flow cytometry (FT-FC) protocol to allow vesicle-specific detection and characterization of size and surface markers. We found significant effects of cell density and conditioning time on both abundance and size distribution of EndoEVs. Additionally, we present detailed information regarding the surface marker display on EVs from different fractions and size ranges. Our data provide crucial relevance for future projects aiming to elucidate EV secretion behavior of endothelial cells. Moreover, we show that the influence of different conditioning parameters on the nature of EndoEVs has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oesterreicher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (J.O.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Pultar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (J.O.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaana Schneider
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (J.O.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Johannes Zipperle
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (J.O.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (J.O.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory on Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (J.O.); (M.P.); (J.S.); (J.Z.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Shklover J, McMasters J, Alfonso-Garcia A, Higuita ML, Panitch A, Marcu L, Griffiths L. Bovine pericardial extracellular matrix niche modulates human aortic endothelial cell phenotype and function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16688. [PMID: 31723198 PMCID: PMC6853938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic biomaterials contain biologically relevant extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and organization, making them potentially ideal surgical grafts and tissue engineering scaffolds. Defining the effect of ECM niche (e.g., basement membrane vs. non-basement membrane) on repopulating cell phenotype and function has important implications for use of xenogeneic biomaterials, particularly in vascular applications. We aim to understand how serous (i.e., basement membrane) versus fibrous (i.e., non-basement membrane) ECM niche of antigen-removed bovine pericardium (AR-BP) scaffolds influence human aortic endothelial cell (hAEC) adhesion, growth, phenotype, inflammatory response and laminin production. At low and moderate seeding densities hAEC proliferation was significantly increased on the serous side. Similarly, ECM niche modulated cellular morphology, with serous side seeding resulting in a more rounded aspect ratio and intact endothelial layer formation. At moderate seeding densities, hAEC production of human laminin was enhanced following serous seeding. Finally, inflammatory marker and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression decreased following long-term cell growth regardless of seeding side. This work demonstrates that at low and moderate seeding densities AR-BP sidedness significantly impacts endothelial cell growth, morphology, human laminin production, and inflammatory state. These findings suggest that ECM niche has a role in modulating response of repopulating recipient cells toward AR-BP scaffolds for vascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Shklover
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 31096, Israel.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - James McMasters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Alba Alfonso-Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Manuela Lopera Higuita
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Laura Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Leigh Griffiths
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States.
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Human β-Defensin 3 Reduces TNF- α-Induced Inflammation and Monocyte Adhesion in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8529542. [PMID: 28348463 PMCID: PMC5350351 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8529542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) in the initiation stage of atherosclerosis with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) triggered by tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α. The effects of hBD3 on TNF-α-induced endothelial injury and inflammatory response were evaluated. Our data revealed that first, hBD3 reduced the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, hBD3 significantly prevented intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by HUVECs. Second, western blot analysis demonstrated that hBD3 dose-dependently suppressed the protein levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in TNF-α-induced HUVECs. As a result, hBD3 inhibited monocyte adhesion to TNF-α-treated endothelial cells. Additionally, hBD3 suppressed TNF-α-induced F-actin reorganization in HUVECs. Third, hBD3 markedly inhibited NF-κB activation by decreasing the phosphorylation of IKK-α/β, IκB, and p65 subunit within 30 min. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were also inhibited by hBD3 in HUVECs. In conclusion, hBD3 exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in endothelial cells in response to TNF-α by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling.
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Ito S, Osaka M, Edamatsu T, Itoh Y, Yoshida M. Crucial Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) in Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Vascular Inflammation. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:960-75. [PMID: 26860885 DOI: 10.5551/jat.34462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-inducible transcription factor mediating toxic effects of dioxins and uremic toxins, has recently emerged as a pathophysiological regulator of immune-inflammatory conditions. Indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, is associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease and has been shown to be a ligand for AhR. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of AhR in indoxyl sulfate-induced leukocyte-endothelial interactions. METHODS Endothelial cell-specific AhR knockout (eAhR KO) mice were produced by crossing AhR floxed mice with Tie2 Cre mice. Indoxyl sulfate was administered for 2 weeks, followed by injection of TNF-α. Leukocyte recruitment to the femoral artery was assessed by intravital microscopy. Vascular endothelial cells were transfected with siRNA specific to AhR (siAhR) and treated with indoxyl sulfate, followed by stimulation with TNF-α. RESULTS Indoxyl sulfate dramatically enhanced TNF-α-induced leukocyte recruitment to the vascular wall in control animals but not in eAhR KO mice. In endothelial cells, siAhR significantly reduced indoxyl sulfate-enhanced leukocyte adhesion as well as E-selectin expression, whereas the activation of JNK and nuclear factor-κB was not affected. A luciferase assay revealed that the region between -153 and -146 bps in the E-selectin promoter was responsible for indoxyl sulfate activity via AhR. Mutational analysis of this region revealed that activator protein-1 (AP-1) is responsible for indoxyl sulfate-triggered E-selectin expression via AhR. CONCLUSION AhR mediates indoxyl sulfate-enhanced leukocyte-endothelial interactions through AP-1 transcriptional activity, which may constitute a new mechanism of vascular inflammation in patients with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ito
- Life Science and Bioethics, Department of International Health Development, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Good RB, Gilbane AJ, Trinder SL, Denton CP, Coghlan G, Abraham DJ, Holmes AM. Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1850-8. [PMID: 25956031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by lung endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Normally, the endothelium forms an integral cellular barrier to regulate vascular homeostasis. During embryogenesis endothelial cells exhibit substantial plasticity that contribute to cardiac development by undergoing endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). We determined the presence of EndoMT in the pulmonary vasculature in vivo and the functional effects on pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) undergoing EndoMT in vitro. Histologic assessment of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated PAH and the hypoxia/SU5416 mouse model identified the presence von Willebrand factor/α-smooth muscle actin-positive endothelial cells in up to 5% of pulmonary vessels. Induced EndoMT in PAECs by inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and transforming growth factor β led to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and the development of a mesenchymal morphology. Induced EndoMT cells exhibited up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, including collagen type I and α-smooth muscle actin, and a reduction in endothelial cell and junctional proteins, including von Willebrand factor, CD31, occludin, and vascular endothelial-cadherin. Induced EndoMT monolayers failed to form viable biological barriers and induced enhanced leak in co-culture with PAECs. Induced EndoMT cells secreted significantly elevated proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α, and supported higher immune transendothelial migration compared with PAECs. These findings suggest that EndoMT may contribute to the development of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Good
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Gilbane
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Trinder
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Coghlan
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Free Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Abraham
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan M Holmes
- Division of Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom.
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