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Spanolios EM, Lewis RE, Caldwell RN, Jilani SZ, Haynes CL. Progress and limitations in reactive oxygen species quantitation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39373601 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03578j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a set of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing radicals. They are produced from a wide range of sources. In biological contexts, cellular stress leads to an overproduction of ROS, which can lead to genetic damage and disease development. In industry, ROS are often productively used for water purification or for analyzing the possible toxicity of an industrial process. Because of their ubiquity, detection of ROS has been an analytical goal across a range of fields. To understand complicated systems and origins of ROS production, it is necessary to move from qualitative detection to quantitation. Analytical techniques that combine quantitation, high spatial and temporal resolution, and good specificity represent detection methods that can fill critical gaps in ROS research. Herein, we discuss the continued progress and limitations of fluorescence, electrochemical, and electron paramagnetic resonance detection of ROS over the last ten years, giving suggestions for the future of the field.
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Velayutham M, Mills A, Khramtsov VV, Olfert IM. An electron paramagnetic resonance time-course study of oxidative stress in the plasma of electronic cigarette exposed rats. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1420-1425. [PMID: 39090831 PMCID: PMC11363090 DOI: 10.1113/ep092064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The long-term consequences of electronic cigarette (Ecig) use in humans are not yet known, but it is known that Ecig aerosols contain many toxic compounds of concern. We have recently shown that Ecig exposure impairs middle cerebral artery (MCA) endothelial function and that it takes 3 days for MCA reactivity to return to normal. However, the sources contributing to impairment of the endothelium were not investigated. We hypothesized that the increased levels of oxidative stress markers in the blood are correlated with impaired MCA reactivity. We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to examine plasma from 4-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats that were exposed to either air (n = 5) or 1 h Ecig exposure, after which blood samples were collected at varying times after exposure (i.e., 1-4, 24, 48 and 72 h postexposure, n = 4 or 5 in each time group). The EPR analyses were performed using the redox-sensitive hydroxylamine spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-carboxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine (CMH) to measure the level of reactive oxidant species in the plasma samples. We found that EPR signal intensity from the CM• radical was significantly increased in plasma at 1-4, 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05, respectively) and returned to control (air) levels by 72 h. When evaluating the EPR results with MCA reactivity, we found a significant negative correlation (Pearson's P = 0.0027). These data indicate that impaired cerebrovascular reactivity resulting from vaping is associated with the oxidative stress level (measured by EPR from plasma) and indicate that a single 1 h vaping session can negatively influence vascular health for up to 3 days after vaping. HIGHLIGHTS: What is the central question of this study? Does the time course of oxidative stress triggered by electronic cigarette exposure follow the cerebral vascular dysfunction? What is the main finding and its importance? Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis shows that the oxidative stress induced after a single 1 h exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol takes ≤72 h to return to normal, which mirrors the time course for vascular dysfunction in the middle cerebral artery that we have reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Velayutham
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance CenterWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Center for Inhalation ToxicologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Amber Mills
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & ToxicologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Valery V. Khramtsov
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance CenterWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - I. Mark Olfert
- Center for Inhalation ToxicologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & ToxicologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Department of Human Performance, Division of Exercise PhysiologyWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
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3
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Neto IVDS, Pinto AP, de Andrade RV, de Souza FHV, de Souza PEN, Assis V, Tibana RA, Neves RVP, Rosa TS, Prestes J, da Silva ASR, Marqueti RDC. Paternal exercise induces antioxidant defenses by α-Klotho/Keap1 pathways in the skeletal muscle of offspring exposed to a high fat-diet without changing telomere length. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 134:109747. [PMID: 39197728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Although previous studies demonstrated that the ancestral lifestyle can enhance the metabolic health of offspring exposed to an obesogenic diet, the specific connections between these positive effects in redox state and telomere length are unknown. We investigated the impact of paternal resistance training (RT) on stress-responsive signaling and the pathways involved in telomere homeostasis in skeletal muscle. This investigation encompassed both the fathers and first-generation litter exposed to a long-term standard diet (24 weeks) and high fat diet (HFD). Wistar rats were randomized into sedentary or trained fathers (8 weeks of resistance training). The offspring were obtained by mating with sedentary females. Upon weaning, male offspring were divided into four groups: offspring of sedentary or trained fathers exposed to either a control diet or HFD. The gastrocnemius was prepared for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, ELISA, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. RT upregulated shelterin mRNA levels and antioxidant protein, preserving muscle telomere in fathers. Conversely, HFD induced a disturbance in the redox balance, which may have contributed to the offspring telomere shortening from sedentary fathers. Preconceptional paternal RT downregulates Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in the skeletal muscle of progeny exposed to HFD, driving an increase in Glutathione reductase mRNA levels, Sod1 and Catalase protein levels to mitigate ROS production. Also, paternal exercise upregulates α-Klotho protein levels, mediating antioxidative responses without altering shelterin mRNA levels and telomere length. We provide the first in-depth analysis that the offspring's redox state seems to be directly associated with the beneficial effects of paternal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Pretsssso, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Pretsssso, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Vieira de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Eduardo Narcizo de Souza
- Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Institute of Physics, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Victória Assis
- Molecular of Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Taguatinga, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Pretsssso, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Molecular of Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Ceilândia, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Ramos Gonzalez M, Axler MR, Kaseman KE, Lobene AJ, Farquhar WB, Witman MA, Kirkman DL, Lennon SL. Melatonin supplementation does not alter vascular function or oxidative stress in healthy normotensive adults on a high sodium diet. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15896. [PMID: 38110301 PMCID: PMC10727961 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High sodium diets (HSD) can cause vascular dysfunction, in part due to increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin reduces ROS in healthy and clinical populations and may improve vascular function. The purpose was to determine the effect of melatonin supplementation on vascular function and ROS during 10 days of a HSD. We hypothesized that melatonin supplementation during a HSD would improve vascular function and decrease ROS levels compared to HSD alone. Twenty-seven participants (13 M/14 W, 26.7 ± 2.9 years, BMI: 23.6 ± 2.0 kg/m2 , BP: 110 ± 9/67 ± 7 mmHg) were randomized to a 10-day HSD (6900 mg sodium/d) supplemented with either 10 mg of melatonin (HSD + MEL) or a placebo (HSD + PL) daily. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, a measure of macrovascular function, (HSD + PL: 7.1 ± 3.8%; HSD + MEL: 6.7 ± 3.4%; p = 0.59) and tissue oxygenation index (TSI) reperfusion rate, a measure of microvascular reactivity, (HSD + PL: 0.21 ± 0.06%/s; HSD + MEL: 0.21 ± 0.08%/s; p = 0.97) and TSI area under the curve (HSD + PL: 199899 ± 10,863 a.u.; HSD + MEL: 20315 ± 11,348 a.u.; p = 0.17) were similar at the end of each condition. Neither nitroxide molarity (HSD + PL: 7.8 × 10-5 ± 4.1 × 10-5 mol/L; HSD + MEL: 8.7 × 10-5 ± 5.1 × 10-5 mol/L; p = 0.55) nor free radical number (HSD + PL: 8.0 × 1015 ± 4.4 × 1015 ; HSD + MEL: 9.0 × 1015 ± 4.9 × 1015 ; p = 0.51) were different between conditions. Melatonin supplementation did not alter vascular function or ROS levels while on a HSD in this sample of young healthy normotensive adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R. Axler
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Kathryn E. Kaseman
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Andrea J. Lobene
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - William B. Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Melissa A. Witman
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Danielle L. Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Shannon L. Lennon
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied PhysiologyUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelawareUSA
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Vanreusel I, Vermeulen D, Goovaerts I, Stoop T, Ectors B, Cornelis J, Hens W, de Bliek E, Heuten H, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Van Berendoncks A, Segers VFM, Briedé JJ. Circulating Reactive Oxygen Species in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122369. [PMID: 36552576 PMCID: PMC9774177 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological mechanism in the development of numerous cardiovascular disorders, but few studies have examined the levels of oxidative stress in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). The objective of this study was to investigate oxidative stress levels in adults with CHD and the association with inflammation, exercise capacity and endothelial function. To this end, 36 adults with different types of CHD and 36 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Blood cell counts, hs-CRP, NT-proBNP, fasting glucose, cholesterol levels, iron saturation and folic acid concentrations were determined in venous blood samples. Levels of superoxide anion radical in whole blood were determined using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with the spin probe CMH. Physical activity was assessed with the IPAQ-SF questionnaire. Vascular function assessment (EndoPAT) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed in the patient group. Superoxide anion radical levels were not statistically significantly different between adults with CHD and the matched controls. Moreover, oxidative stress did not correlate with inflammation, or with endothelial function or cardiorespiratory fitness in CHD; however, a significant negative correlation with iron saturation was observed. Overall, whole blood superoxide anion radical levels in adults with CHD were not elevated, but iron levels seem to play a more important role in oxidative stress mechanisms in CHD than in healthy controls. More research will be needed to improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inne Vanreusel
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3-821-38-47
| | - Dorien Vermeulen
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Inge Goovaerts
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tibor Stoop
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Bert Ectors
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jacky Cornelis
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Wendy Hens
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, MOVANT Research Group, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erwin de Bliek
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Hilde Heuten
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emeline M. Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Van Berendoncks
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent F. M. Segers
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, GENCOR, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacob J. Briedé
- Department of Toxicogenomics, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, 6211 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Damascena HL, Silveira WAA, Castro MS, Fontes W. Neutrophil Activated by the Famous and Potent PMA (Phorbol Myristate Acetate). Cells 2022; 11:2889. [PMID: 36139464 PMCID: PMC9496763 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will briefly outline the major signaling pathways in PMA-activated neutrophils. PMA is widely used to understand neutrophil pathways and formation of NETs. PMA activates PKC; however, we highlight some isoforms that contribute to specific functions. PKC α, β and δ contribute to ROS production while PKC βII and PKC ζ are involved in cytoskeleton remodeling. Actin polymerization is important for the chemotaxis of neutrophils and its remodeling is connected to ROS balance. We suggest that, although ROS and production of NETs are usually observed together in PMA-activated neutrophils, there might be a regulatory mechanism balancing both. Interestingly, we suggest that serine proteases might determine the PAD4 action. PAD4 could be responsible for the activation of the NF-κB pathway that leads to IL-1β release, triggering the cleavage of gasdermin D by serine proteases such as elastase, leading to pore formation contributing to release of NETs. On the other hand, when serine proteases are inhibited, NETs are formed by citrullination through the PAD4 pathway. This review puts together results from the last 31 years of research on the effects of PMA on the neutrophil and proposes new insights on their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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Malacrida S, De Lazzari F, Mrakic-Sposta S, Vezzoli A, Zordan MA, Bisaglia M, Menti GM, Meda N, Frighetto G, Bosco G, Dal Cappello T, Strapazzon G, Reggiani C, Gussoni M, Megighian A. Lifespan and ROS levels in different Drosophila melanogaster strains after 24 h hypoxia exposure. Biol Open 2022; 11:275522. [PMID: 35616023 PMCID: PMC9253781 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During recent decades, model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster have made it possible to study the effects of different environmental oxygen conditions on lifespan and oxidative stress. However, many studies have often yielded controversial results usually assigned to variations in Drosophila genetic background and differences in study design. In this study, we compared longevity and ROS levels in young, unmated males of three laboratory wild-type lines (Canton-S, Oregon-R and Berlin-K) and one mutant line (Sod1n1) as a positive control of redox imbalance, under both normoxic and hypoxic (2% oxygen for 24 h) conditions. Lifespan was used to detect the effects of hypoxic treatment and differences were analysed by means of Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log-rank tests. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure ROS levels and analysis of variance was used to estimate the effects of hypoxic treatment and to assess ROS differences between strains. We observed that the genetic background is a relevant factor involved in D. melanogaster longevity and ROS levels. Indeed, as expected, in normoxia Sod1n1 are the shortest-lived, while the wild-type strains, despite a longer lifespan, show some differences, with the Canton-S line displaying the lowest mortality rate. After hypoxic stress these variances are amplified, with Berlin-K flies showing the highest mortality rate and most evident reduction of lifespan. Moreover, our analysis highlighted differential effects of hypoxia on redox balance/unbalance. Canton-S flies had the lowest increase of ROS level compared to all the other strains, confirming it to be the less sensitive to hypoxic stress. Sod1n1 flies displayed the highest ROS levels in normoxia and after hypoxia. These results should be used to further standardize future Drosophila research models designed to investigate genes and pathways that may be involved in lifespan and/or ROS, as well as comparative studies on specific mutant strains. Summary: In our study Drosophila melanogaster was used to evaluate the effects of different environmental oxygen conditions on survival and ROS levels in three wild-type and one mutant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Malacrida
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Via Ipazia 2, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Federica De Lazzari
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro A Zordan
- Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Physiology, Genetics and Behaviour Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Maria Menti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Meda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Frighetto
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, 610 Charles Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7239, USA
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Tomas Dal Cappello
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Via Ipazia 2, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Via Ipazia 2, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maristella Gussoni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies "G. Natta"-SCITEC, National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, via Orus 2/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
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8
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Umansky C, Morellato AE, Rieckher M, Scheidegger MA, Martinefski MR, Fernández GA, Pak O, Kolesnikova K, Reingruber H, Bollini M, Crossan GP, Sommer N, Monge ME, Schumacher B, Pontel LB. Endogenous formaldehyde scavenges cellular glutathione resulting in redox disruption and cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:745. [PMID: 35136057 PMCID: PMC8827065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous endogenous and environmental metabolite that is thought to exert cytotoxicity through DNA and DNA-protein crosslinking, likely contributing to the onset of the human DNA repair condition Fanconi Anaemia. Mutations in the genes coding for FA detoxifying enzymes underlie a human inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS), even in the presence of functional DNA repair, raising the question of whether FA causes relevant cellular damage beyond genotoxicity. Here, we report that FA triggers cellular redox imbalance in human cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanistically, FA reacts with the redox-active thiol group of glutathione (GSH), altering the GSH:GSSG ratio and causing oxidative stress. FA cytotoxicity is prevented by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5/GSNOR), which metabolizes FA-GSH products, lastly yielding reduced GSH. Furthermore, we show that GSH synthesis protects human cells from FA, indicating an active role of GSH in preventing FA toxicity. These findings might be relevant for patients carrying mutations in FA-detoxification systems and could suggest therapeutic benefits from thiol-rich antioxidants like N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Umansky
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín E Morellato
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Rieckher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco A Scheidegger
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuela R Martinefski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oleg Pak
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ksenia Kolesnikova
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hernán Reingruber
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerry P Crossan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucas B Pontel
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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Matsumoto KI, Nakanishi I, Zhelev Z, Bakalova R, Aoki I. Nitroxyl Radical as a Theranostic Contrast Agent in Magnetic Resonance Redox Imaging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:95-121. [PMID: 34148403 PMCID: PMC8792502 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance:In vivo assessment of paramagnetic and diamagnetic conversions of nitroxyl radicals based on cyclic redox mechanism can be an index of tissue redox status. The redox mechanism of nitroxyl radicals, which enables their use as a normal tissue-selective radioprotector, is seen as being attractive on planning radiation therapy. Recent Advances:In vivo redox imaging using nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive contrast agents has been developed to assess tissue redox status. Chemical and biological behaviors depending on chemical structures of nitroxyl radical compounds have been understood in detail. Polymer types of nitroxyl radical contrast agents and/or nitroxyl radical-labeled drugs were designed for approaching theranostics. Critical Issues: Nitroxyl radicals as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have several advantages compared with those used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging, while support by EPR spectroscopy is important to understand information from MRI. Redox-sensitive paramagnetic contrast agents having a medicinal benefit, that is, nitroxyl-labeled drug, have been developed and proposed. Future Directions: A development of suitable nitroxyl contrast agent for translational theranostic applications with high reaction specificity and low normal tissue toxicity is under progress. Nitroxyl radicals as redox-sensitive magnetic resonance contrast agents can be a useful tool to detect an abnormal tissue redox status such as disordered oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 95-121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantum RedOx Chemistry Group, Institute for Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Zhivko Zhelev
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.,Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumiana Bakalova
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Goup, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
| | - Ichio Aoki
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Goup, Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba-shi, Japan
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10
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Coronary collateralization prevents myocardial ROS surge induced by revascularization after non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: A pilot study. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 68:99-101. [PMID: 34560119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Migdal KU, Robinson AT, Watso JC, Babcock MC, Lennon SL, Martens CR, Serrador JM, Farquhar WB. A high salt meal does not impair cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy young adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14585. [PMID: 33038066 PMCID: PMC7547584 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A high sodium (Na+) meal impairs peripheral vascular function. In rodents, chronic high dietary Na+ impairs cerebral vascular function, and in humans, habitual high dietary Na+ is associated with increased stroke risk. However, the effects of acute high dietary Na+ on the cerebral vasculature in humans are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if acute high dietary Na+ impairs cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy adults. Thirty‐seven participants (20F/17M; 25 ± 5 years; blood pressure [BP]: 107 ± 9/61 ± 6 mm Hg) participated in this randomized, cross‐over study. Participants were given a low Na+ meal (LSM; 138 mg Na+) and a high Na+ meal (HSM; 1,495 mg Na+) separated by ≥ one week. Serum Na+, beat‐to‐beat BP, middle cerebral artery velocity (transcranial Doppler), and end‐tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) were measured pre‐ (baseline) and 60 min post‐prandial. Cerebrovascular reactivity was assessed by determining the percent change in middle cerebral artery velocity to hypercapnia (via 8% CO2, 21% oxygen, balance nitrogen) and hypocapnia (via mild hyperventilation). Peripheral vascular function was measured using brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Changes in serum Na+ were greater following the HSM (HSM: Δ1.6 ± 1.2 mmol/L vs. LSM: Δ0.7 ± 1.2 mmol/L, p < .01). Cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia (meal effect: p = .41) and to hypocapnia (meal effect: p = .65) were not affected by the HSM. Contrary with previous findings, FMD was not reduced following the HSM (meal effect: p = .74). These data suggest that a single high Na+ meal does not acutely impair cerebrovascular reactivity, and suggests that despite prior findings, a single high Na+ meal does not impair peripheral vascular function in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila U Migdal
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Austin T Robinson
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Joseph C Watso
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Matthew C Babcock
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Shannon L Lennon
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Christopher R Martens
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jorge M Serrador
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - William B Farquhar
- Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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12
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Gotham JP, Li R, Tipple TE, Lancaster JR, Liu T, Li Q. Quantitation of spin probe-detectable oxidants in cells using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy: To probe or to trap? Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:84-94. [PMID: 32376456 PMCID: PMC7368495 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy coupled with spin traps/probes enables quantitative determination of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS). Even with numerous studies using spin probes, the methodology has not been rigorously investigated. The autoxidation of spin probes has been commonly overlooked. Using the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH), the present study has tested the effects of metal chelators, temperature, and oxygen content on the autoxidation of spin probes, where an optimized condition is refined for cell studies. The apparent rate of CMH autoxidation under this condition is 7.01 ± 1.60 nM/min, indicating low sensitivity and great variation of the CMH method and that CMH autoxidation rate should be subtracted from the generation rate of CMH-detectable oxidants (simplified as oxidants below) in samples. Oxidants in RAW264.7 cells are detected at an initial rate of 4.0 ± 0.7 pmol/min/106 cells, which is not considered as the rate of basal oxidants generation because the same method has failed to detect oxidant generation from the stimulation of phorbol-12-mysirate-13-acetate (PMA, 0.1 nmol/106 cells) in cells (2.5 ± 0.9 for PMA vs. 2.1 ± 1.5 pmol/min/106 cells for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated cells). In contrast, the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), which exhibits minimal autoxidation, reveals differences between PMA and DMSO treatment (0.26 ± 0.09 vs. -0.06 ± 0.12 pmol/min/106 cells), which challenges previous claims that spin probes are more sensitive than spin traps. We have also found that low temperature EPR measurements of frozen samples of CMH autoxidation provide lower signal intensity and greater variation compared to RT measurements of fresh samples. The current study establishes an example for method development of RNOS detection, where experimental details are rigorously considered and tested, and raises questions on the applications of spin probes and spin traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gotham
- Science and Technology Honors College, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Trent E Tipple
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Medicine, and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Taiming Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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13
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Gunawan C, Faiz MB, Mann R, Ting SRS, Sotiriou GA, Marquis CP, Amal R. Nanosilver Targets the Bacterial Cell Envelope: The Link with Generation of Reactive Oxygen Radicals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5557-5568. [PMID: 31927911 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The work describes the interactions of nanosilver (NAg) with bacterial cell envelope components at a molecular level and how this associates with the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated toxicity of the nanoparticle. Major structural changes were detected in cell envelope biomolecules as a result of damages in functional moieties, such as the saccharides, amides, and phosphodiesters. NAg exposure disintegrates the glycan backbone in the major cell wall component peptidoglycan, causes complete breakdown of lipoteichoic acid, and disrupts the phosphate-amine and fatty acid groups in phosphatidylethanolamine, a membrane phospholipid. Consistent with the oxidative attacks, we propose that the observed cell envelope damages are inflicted, at least in part, by the reactive oxygen radicals being generated by the nanoparticle during its leaching process, abiotically, without cells. The cell envelope targeting, especially those on the inner membrane phospholipid, is likely to then trigger the rapid generation of lethal levels of cellular superoxide (O2•-) and hydroxyl (OH•) radicals herein seen with a model bacterium. The present study provides a better understanding of the antibacterial mechanisms of NAg, whereby ROS generation could be both the cause and consequence of the toxicity, associated with the initial cell envelope targeting by the nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Gunawan
- ithree institute , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2007 , Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Merisa B Faiz
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Riti Mann
- ithree institute , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2007 , Australia
| | - Simon R S Ting
- Centre for Health Technologies , University of Technology Sydney , Sydney NSW 2007 , Australia
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology , Karolinska Institutet , Solna, Stockholm 171 77 , Sweden
| | - Christopher P Marquis
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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14
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Boehm M, Novoyatleva T, Kojonazarov B, Veit F, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Schermuly RT. Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 Induction Promotes Right Ventricular Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:346-356. [PMID: 30277804 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0069oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the right ventricle to compensate pressure overload determines survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Nitric oxide (NO) reduces the right ventricular afterload through pulmonary vasodilation, but excessive NO amounts cause oxidative stress. Oxidative stress drives remodeling of pulmonary arteries and the right ventricle. In the present study, we hypothesized that nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) induction leads to excessive NO amounts that contribute to oxidative stress and impair right ventricular adaptation to PAH. We used a surgical pulmonary artery banding (PAB) mouse model in which right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling occur independently of changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Three weeks after PAB, NOS2 expression was increased twofold in the hypertrophied right ventricle on transcript and protein levels together with increased NO production. Histomorphology localized NOS2 in interstitial and perivascular cardiac fibroblasts after PAB, which was confirmed by cell isolation experiments. In the hypertrophied right ventricle, NOS2 induction was accompanied by an increased formation of reactive oxidants blocked by ex vivo NOS inhibition. We show that reactive oxidant formation in the hypertrophied right ventricle is in part NOS2 dependent (in NOS2-deficient mice [NOS2-/-]). Lack of NOS2 induction prevented superoxide scavenging and decreased reactive oxidant formation. Functional measures of cardiac function by noninvasive echocardiography together with intracardiac catheterization revealed no differences in heart function between both genotypes after PAB. However, reduced NO and reactive oxidant formation in the hypertrophied right ventricle of NOS2-/- mice was linked to reduced collagen accumulation through reduced collagen deposition from the cardiac fibroblast. Together, our data demonstrate a profibrotic role for NOS2 induction in the hypertrophied right ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Boehm
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Florian Veit
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Werner Seeger
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and.,4 Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- 1 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,2 Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Giessen, Germany.,3 German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
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15
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Christensen M, Schiffer TA, Gustafsson H, Krag SP, Nørregaard R, Palm F. Metformin attenuates renal medullary hypoxia in diabetic nephropathy through inhibition uncoupling protein-2. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3091. [PMID: 30345618 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of metformin on oxygen metabolism and mitochondrial function in the kidney of an animal model of insulinopenic diabetes in order to isolate any renoprotective effect from any concomitant effect on blood glucose homeostasis. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg kg-1 ) and when stable started on metformin treatment (250 mg kg-1 ) in the drinking water. Rats were prepared for in vivo measurements 25 to 30 days after STZ injection, where renal function, including glomerular filtration rate and sodium transport, was estimated in anesthetized rats. Intrarenal oxygen tension was measured using oxygen sensors. Furthermore, mitochondrial function was assessed in mitochondria isolated from kidney cortex and medulla analysed by high-resolution respirometry, and superoxide production was evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance. RESULTS Insulinopenic rats chronically treated with metformin for 4 weeks displayed improved medullary tissue oxygen tension despite of no effect of metformin on blood glucose homeostasis. Metformin reduced UCP2-dependent LEAK and differentially affected medullary mitochondrial superoxide radical production in control and diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Metformin attenuates diabetes-induced renal medullary tissue hypoxia in an animal model of insulinopenic type 1 diabetes. The results suggest that the mechanistic pathway to attenuate the diabetes-induced medullary hypoxia is independent of blood glucose homeostasis and includes reduced UCP2-mediated mitochondrial proton LEAK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Gustafsson
- Department of Radiology Norrköping and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Elajaili HB, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Ranguelova K, Dikalov S, Nozik-Grayck E. Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biological Samples at Ambient Temperature and 77 K. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30688300 DOI: 10.3791/58461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate and specific detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cellular and tissue compartments is essential to the study of redox-regulated signaling in biological settings. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is the only direct method to assess free radicals unambiguously. Its advantage is that it detects physiologic levels of specific species with a high specificity, but it does require specialized technology, careful sample preparation, and appropriate controls to ensure accurate interpretation of the data. Cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes react selectively with superoxide or other radicals to generate a nitroxide signal that can be quantified by EPR spectroscopy. Cell-permeable spin probes and spin probes designed to accumulate rapidly in the mitochondria allow for the determination of superoxide concentration in different cellular compartments. In cultured cells, the use of cell permeable 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH) along with and without cell-impermeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) pretreatment, or use of cell-permeable PEG-SOD, allows for the differentiation of extracellular from cytosolic superoxide. The mitochondrial 1-hydroxy-4-[2-triphenylphosphonio)-acetamido]-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine,1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-[2-(triphenylphosphonio)acetamido] piperidinium dichloride (mito-TEMPO-H) allows for measurement of mitochondrial ROS (predominantly superoxide). Spin probes and EPR spectroscopy can also be applied to in vivo models. Superoxide can be detected in extracellular fluids such as blood and alveolar fluid, as well as tissues such as lung tissue. Several methods are presented to process and store tissue for EPR measurements and deliver intravenous 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CPH) spin probe in vivo. While measurements can be performed at room temperature, samples obtained from in vitro and in vivo models can also be stored at -80 °C and analyzed by EPR at 77 K. The samples can be stored in specialized tubing stable at -80 °C and run at 77 K to enable a practical, efficient, and reproducible method that facilitates storing and transferring samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Elajaili
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
| | | | - Sergey Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus;
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17
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Ahmad IM, Abdalla MY, Moore TA, Bartenhagen L, Case AJ, Zimmerman MC. Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation Exhibit Altered Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines and Redox Parameters. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8010012. [PMID: 30609664 PMCID: PMC6356728 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown an increased risk for a variety of cancers, specifically brain cancer, in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Although the mechanisms mediating these phenomena are not fully understood, ionizing radiation-mediated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative DNA damage, and immune modulation are likely involved. A group of 20 radiation exposed workers and 40 sex- and age-matched non-exposed control subjects were recruited for the study. We measured superoxide (O2•−) levels in whole blood of healthcare workers and all other measurements of cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) activity and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) in plasma. Levels of O2•− were significantly higher in radiation exposed workers compared to control. Similarly, a significant increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1α and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in radiation exposed workers compared to control was observed, while there was no significance difference in the other 27 screened cytokines. A significant positive correlation was found between MIP-1α and O2•− levels with no correlation in either IL-6 or IL-1α. Further, a dose-dependent relationship with significant O2•− production and immune alterations in radiation exposed workers was demonstrated. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of oxidative DNA damage, GSH/GSSG levels, or EcSOD activity. Although the biologic significance of cytokines alterations in radiation exposed workers is unclear, further studies are needed for determining the underlying mechanism of their elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Ahmad
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Bartenhagen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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Scheinok S, Leveque P, Sonveaux P, Driesschaert B, Gallez B. Comparison of different methods for measuring the superoxide radical by EPR spectroscopy in buffer, cell lysates and cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1182-1196. [PMID: 30362382 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1541321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As superoxide anion is of keen interest in biomedical research, it is highly desirable to have a technique allowing its detection sensitively and specifically in biological media. If electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques and probes have been individually described in the literature, there is actually no comparison of these techniques in the same conditions that may help guiding researchers for selecting the most appropriate approach. The aim of the present study was to compare different EPR strategies in terms of sensitivity and specificity to detect superoxide (vs. hydroxyl radical). Three main classes of EPR probes were used, including paramagnetic superoxide scavengers (such as nitroxides TEMPOL and mitoTEMPO as well as trityl CT-03), a spin trap (DIPPMPO), and diamagnetic superoxide scavengers (such as cyclic hydroxylamines CMH and mitoTEMPO-H). We analysed the reactivity of the different probes in the presence of a constant production of superoxide or hydroxyl radical in buffers and in cell lysates. We also assessed the performances of the different probes to detect superoxide produced by RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In our conditions and models, we found that nitroxides were not specific for superoxide. CT-03 was specific, but the sensitivity of detection was low. Comparatively, we found that nitrone DIPPMPO and cyclic hydroxylamine CMH were good candidates to sensitively and specifically detect superoxide in complex biological media, CMH offering the best sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Scheinok
- a Biomedical Magnetic Resonance , Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Philippe Leveque
- a Biomedical Magnetic Resonance , Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI) , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- b Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC) Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics , Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy & In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center , West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Bernard Gallez
- a Biomedical Magnetic Resonance , Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI) , Brussels , Belgium
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Oxidative stress in healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia is linked to chronic inflammation, iron status and vascular function. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202919. [PMID: 30204759 PMCID: PMC6133366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During normal pregnancy, placental oxidative stress (OS) is present during all three trimesters and is necessary to obtain normal cell function. However, if OS reaches a certain level, pregnancy complications might arise. In preeclampsia (PE), a dangerous pregnancy specific hypertensive disorder, OS induced in the ischemic placenta causes a systemic inflammatory response and activates maternal endothelial cells. In this study, we aimed to quantify superoxide concentrations (as a measure of systemic OS) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and correlate them to markers of systemic inflammation, iron status and vascular function. Methods Fifty-nine women with a healthy pregnancy (HP), 10 non-pregnant controls (NP) and 28 PE patients (32±3.3weeks) were included. During HP, blood samples for superoxide, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and iron status were taken at 10, 25 and 39 weeks. Vascular measurements for arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), augmentation index (AIx), augmentation Pressure (AP)) and microvascular endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index (RHI)) were performed at 35 weeks. In PE, all measurements were performed at diagnosis. CMH (1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine) was used as spin probe for EPR, since the formed CM radical corresponds to the amount of superoxide. Results Superoxide concentration remains stable during pregnancy (p = 0.92), but is significantly higher compared to the NP controls (p<0.0001). At 25 weeks, there is a significant positive correlation between superoxide and ferritin concentration. (p = 0.04) In PE, superoxide, systemic inflammation and iron status are much higher compared to HP (all p<0.001). During HP, superoxide concentrations correlate significantly with arterial stiffness (all p<0.04), while in PE superoxide is significantly correlated to microvascular endothelial function (p = 0.03). Conclusions During HP there is an increased but stable oxidative environment, which is correlated to ferritin concentration. If superoxide levels increase, there is an augmentation in arterial stiffness. In PE pregnancies, systemic inflammation and superoxide concentrations are higher and result in a deterioration of endothelial function. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that vascular function is directly linked to the amount of OS and that measurement of OS in combination with vascular function tests might be used in the prediction of PE.
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Li W, Kennedy D, Shao Z, Wang X, Kamdar AK, Weber M, Mislick K, Kiefer K, Morales R, Agatisa-Boyle B, Shih DM, Reddy ST, Moravec CS, Wilson Tang WH. Paraoxonase 2 prevents the development of heart failure. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 121:117-126. [PMID: 29729330 PMCID: PMC5971153 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial oxidation is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in development of heart failure (HF). Paraoxonase 2 deficient (PON2-def) mitochondria are impaired in function. In this study, we tested whether PON2-def aggravates HF progression. METHODS AND RESULTS Using qPCR, immunoblotting and lactonase activity assay, we demonstrate that PON2 activity was significantly decreased in failing hearts despite increased PON2 expression. To determine the cardiac-specific function of PON2, we performed heart transplantations in which PON2-def and wild type (WT) donor hearts were implanted into WT recipient mice. Beating scores of the donor hearts, assessed at 4 weeks post-transplantation, were significantly decreased in PON2-def hearts when compared to WT donor hearts. By using a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model, we found PON2 deficiency significantly exacerbated left ventricular remodeling and cardiac fibrosis post-TAC. We further demonstrated PON2 deficiency significantly enhanced ROS generation in heart tissues post-TAC. ROS generation was measured through dihydroethidium (DHE) using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescent detector. By using neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with CoCl2 to mimic hypoxia, we found PON2 deficiency dramatically increased ROS generation in the cardiomyocytes upon CoCl2 treatment. In response to a short CoCl2 exposure, cell viability and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity assessed by MTT assay were significantly diminished in PON2-def cardiomyocytes compared to those in WT cardiomyocytes. PON2-def cardiomyocytes also had lower baseline SDH activity. By using adult mouse cardiomyocytes and mitochondrial ToxGlo assay, we found impaired cellular ATP generation in PON2-def cells compared to that in WT cells, suggesting that PON2 is necessary for proper mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a cardioprotective role for PON2 in both experimental and human heart failure, which may be associated with the ability of PON2 to improve mitochondrial function and diminish ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, West Virginia
| | - David Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo, Ohio
- Corresponding author. W. H. Wilson Tang, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHFSA, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J3-4,Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Tel.: (216) 444-2121; Fax: (216) 445-6165.
| | - Zhili Shao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
| | | | - Malory Weber
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Kayla Mislick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Kathryn Kiefer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Rommel Morales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Brendan Agatisa-Boyle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - Diana M. Shih
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christine S. Moravec
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute; Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
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21
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Dikalov SI, Polienko YF, Kirilyuk I. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements of Reactive Oxygen Species by Cyclic Hydroxylamine Spin Probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1433-1443. [PMID: 29037084 PMCID: PMC5910043 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress contributes to numerous pathophysiological conditions such as development of cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. A variety of measurements of oxidative stress markers in biological systems have been developed; however, many of these methods are not specific, can produce artifacts, and do not directly detect the free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a unique tool that allows direct measurements of free radical species. Cyclic hydroxylamines are useful and convenient molecular probes that readily react with ROS to produce stable nitroxide radicals, which can be quantitatively measured by EPR. In this work, we critically review recent applications of various cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes in biology to study oxidative stress, their advantages, and the shortcomings. Recent Advances: In the past decade, a number of new cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes have been developed and their successful application for ROS measurement using EPR has been published. These new state-of-the-art methods provide improved selectivity and sensitivity for in vitro and in vivo studies. CRITICAL ISSUES Although cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes EPR application has been previously described, there has been lack of translation of these new methods into biomedical research, limiting their widespread use. This work summarizes "best practice" in applications of cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes to assist with EPR studies of oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies to advance hydroxylamine spin probes from the "basic science" to biomedical applications are needed and could lead to better understanding of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1433-1443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuliya F Polienko
- 2 Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Novosibirsk, Russia .,3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor Kirilyuk
- 2 Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Novosibirsk, Russia .,3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia
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22
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Tan X, Tao S, Liu W, Rockenbauer A, Villamena FA, Zweier JL, Song Y, Liu Y. Synthesis and Characterization of the Perthiatriarylmethyl Radical and Its Dendritic Derivatives with High Sensitivity and Selectivity to Superoxide Radical. Chemistry 2018; 24:6958-6967. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Shanqing Tao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Hungarian Academy of Sciences and; Department of Physics; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Budafoki ut 8 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Frederick A. Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology; College of Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Jay L. Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging; The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Yuguang Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of; Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics; School of Pharmacy; Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin 300070 P.R. China
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23
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Pak O, Scheibe S, Esfandiary A, Gierhardt M, Sydykov A, Logan A, Fysikopoulos A, Veit F, Hecker M, Kroschel F, Quanz K, Erb A, Schäfer K, Fassbinder M, Alebrahimdehkordi N, Ghofrani HA, Schermuly RT, Brandes RP, Seeger W, Murphy MP, Weissmann N, Sommer N. Impact of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:1701024. [PMID: 29419444 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01024-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide have been suggested to mediate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular (RV) remodelling.We determined ROS in acute, chronic hypoxia and investigated the effect of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ under these conditions.The effect of MitoQ or its inactive carrier substance, decyltriphenylphosphonium (TPP+), on acute HPV (1% O2 for 10 minutes) was investigated in isolated blood-free perfused mouse lungs. Mice exposed for 4 weeks to chronic hypoxia (10% O2) or after banding of the main pulmonary artery (PAB) were treated with MitoQ or TPP+ (50 mg/kg/day).Total cellular superoxide and mitochondrial ROS levels were increased in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), but decreased in pulmonary fibroblasts in acute hypoxia. MitoQ significantly inhibited HPV and acute hypoxia-induced rise in superoxide concentration. ROS was decreased in PASMC, while it increased in the RV after chronic hypoxia. Correspondingly, MitoQ did not affect the development of chronic hypoxia-induced PH, but attenuated RV remodelling after chronic hypoxia as well as after PAB.Increased mitochondrial ROS of PASMC mediate acute HPV, but not chronic hypoxia-induced PH. MitoQ may be beneficial under conditions of exaggerated acute HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Pak
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Susan Scheibe
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Azadeh Esfandiary
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mareike Gierhardt
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Akylbek Sydykov
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, CB2 0XY Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasios Fysikopoulos
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Veit
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Kroschel
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Quanz
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Erb
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Schäfer
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mirja Fassbinder
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nasim Alebrahimdehkordi
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, CB2 0XY Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Gomes BRB, Firmino M, Jorge JS, Ferreira MLO, Rodovalho TM, Weis SN, Souza GEP, Morais PC, Sousa MV, Souza PEN, Veiga-Souza FH. Increase of reactive oxygen species in different tissues during lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and antipyresis: an electron paramagnetic resonance study. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:351-361. [PMID: 29308684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1425549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fever is a regulated increase in body temperature and a component of the acute-phase response, triggered mainly after the invasion of pathogens in the body. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during the physiological and pathological processes, and can act as both signalling molecules as well as promoters of oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats, pretreated with oral doses of acetaminophen, celecoxib, dipyrone, or ibuprofen 30 min before an intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile saline injection, showed a reduced febrile response in all animals tested. The formation of ROS in the fresh blood, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and hypothalamus of febrile and antipyretic-treated animals was assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance using the spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (CMH). While the CM• concentrations remained unaltered in the blood samples examined 5 h after the induction of fever, we found increased CM• levels in the liver (in µM, saline: 290 ± 42; LPS: 512 ± 34), BAT (in µM, saline: 509 ± 79, LPS: 855 ± 79), and hypothalamus (in µM, saline: 292 ± 35; LPS: 467 ± 8) at the same time point. Importantly, none of the antipyretics were seen to alter the CM• accumulation profile. Data from this study suggest that there is an increased formation of ROS in the different tissues during fever, which may cause oxidative stress, and that the antipyretics tested do not interfere with ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R B Gomes
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marina Firmino
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Jardeson S Jorge
- b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | | | | | - Simone N Weis
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Gloria E P Souza
- c Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto , University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Paulo C Morais
- d School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Anhui University , Hefei , China.,e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Paulo E N Souza
- e Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance , Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
| | - Fabiane H Veiga-Souza
- a Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry , Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil.,b School of Ceilandia , University of Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
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25
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Eder K, Siebers M, Most E, Scheibe S, Weissmann N, Gessner DK. An excess dietary vitamin E concentration does not influence Nrf2 signaling in the liver of rats fed either soybean oil or salmon oil. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:71. [PMID: 29176993 PMCID: PMC5693465 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to stimulate the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), the key regulator of the antioxidant and cytoprotective defense system in the body. The hypothesis underlying this study was that high dietary concentrations of vitamin E suppress Nrf2 activation, and thus could weaken the body’s antioxidative and cytoprotective capacity. As the effect of vitamin E on Nrf2 pathway might be influenced by concentrations of fatty acids susceptible to oxidation in the diet, we used also diets containing either soybean oil as a reference oil or salmon oil as a source of oil rich in n-3 polyunsatuated fatty acids. Methods Seventy-two rats were divided into 6 groups of rats which received diets with either 25, 250 or 2500 mg vitamin E/kg, with either soybean oil or salmon oil as dietary fat sources according to a bi-factorial experimental design. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to determine ROS production in the liver. qPCR analysis and western blot were performed to examine the expression of Nrf2 target genes in the liver of rats. Results Rats fed the salmon oil diet with 25 mg vitamin E/kg showed a higher production of ROS in the liver than the 5 other groups of rats which did not differ in ROS production. Relative mRNA concentrations of NFE2L2 (encoding Nrf2), KEAP1 and various Nrf2 target genes, protein concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and activities of the antioxidant enzymes GPX, superoxide dismutase and catalase were not influenced by the dietary vitamin E concentration. The dietary fat had also less effect on Nrf2 target genes and no effect on protein concentrations of GPX, HO-1, NQO1 and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Dietary vitamin E concentration and type of fat moreover had less effect on mRNA concentrations of genes and concentrations of proteins involved in the unfolded protein response, a pathway which is closely linked with activation of Nrf2. Conclusion We conclude that excess dietary concentrations of vitamin E do not suppress Nrf2 signaling, and thus do not weaken the endogenous antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity in the liver of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Marina Siebers
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Susan Scheibe
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Aulweg 130, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Blood free Radicals Concentration Determined by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Occurrence in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:351-358. [PMID: 28948569 PMCID: PMC5691099 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiology of delayed cerebral ischemia and cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is still poorly recognized, however free radicals are postulated as one of the crucial players. This study was designed to scrutinize whether the concentration of free radicals in the peripheral venous blood is related to the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia associated with cerebral vasospasm. Twenty-four aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients and seven patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (control group) have been studied. Free radicals in patients’ blood have been detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance (CMH.HCl spin probe, 150 K, ELEXSYS E500 spectrometer) on admission and at least 72 h from disease onset. Delayed cerebral ischemia monitoring was performed by daily neurological follow-up and transcranial color coded Doppler. Delayed cerebral ischemia observed in six aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients was accompanied by cerebral vasospasm in all six cases. No statistically significant difference in average free radicals concentration between controls and study subgroups was noticed on admission (p = .3; Kruskal–Wallis test). After 72 h free radicals concentration in delayed cerebral ischemia patients (3.19 ± 1.52 mmol/l) differed significantly from the concentration in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients without delayed cerebral ischemia (0.65 ± 0.37 mmol/l) (p = .012; Mann–Whitney test). These findings are consistent with our assumptions and seem to confirm the role of free radicals in delayed cerebral ischemia development. Preliminary results presented above are promising and we need perform further investigation to establish whether blood free radicals concentration may serve as the biomarker of delayed cerebral ischemia associated with cerebral vasospasm.
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Detection of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Technique. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010181. [PMID: 28117726 PMCID: PMC6155876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade there has been growing interest in physical-chemical oxidation processes and the behavior of free radicals in living systems. Radicals are known as intermediate species in a variety of biochemical reactions. Numerous techniques, assays and biomarkers have been used to measure reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and to examine oxidative stress. However, many of these assays are not entirely satisfactory or are used inappropriately. The purpose of this chapter is to review current EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) spectroscopy methods for measuring ROS, RNS, and their secondary products, and to discuss the strengths and limitations of specific methodological approaches.
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28
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Ahmad IM, Temme JB, Abdalla MY, Zimmerman MC. Redox status in workers occupationally exposed to long-term low levels of ionizing radiation: A pilot study. Redox Rep 2016; 21:139-45. [PMID: 26817988 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2015.1101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2(•-)), play an important role in the biological effects of ionizing radiation. The human body has developed different antioxidant systems to defend against excessive levels of ROS. The aim of the present study is to investigate the redox status changes in the blood of radiologic technologists and compare these changes to control individuals. METHODS We enrolled 60 medical workers: 20 occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation (all radiologic technologists), divided in three subgroups: conventional radiography (CR), computerized tomography (CT), and interventional radiography (IR) and 40 age- and gender-matched unexposed controls. Levels of O2(•-) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood were measured as an index of redox status, as were the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Redox status was also assessed by measuring levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG, respectively). RESULTS Levels of O2(•-) and MDA, and SOD activity in the blood of IR and CT-exposed subjects were significantly higher than both the CR-exposed subjects and control individuals. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the levels of catalase, GSH and ratio of GSH/GSSG between exposed workers and control individuals. DISCUSSION This study suggests that healthcare workers in CT and IR occupationally exposed to radiation have an elevated circulating redox status as compared to unexposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Ahmad
- a Radiation Science Technology Education, College of Allied Health Professions , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - James B Temme
- a Radiation Science Technology Education, College of Allied Health Professions , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Maher Y Abdalla
- b Department of Pathology and Microbiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
| | - Matthew C Zimmerman
- c Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , USA
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Park SY, Ives SJ, Gifford JR, Andtbacka RHI, Hyngstrom JR, Reese V, Layec G, Bharath LP, Symons JD, Richardson RS. Impact of age on the vasodilatory function of human skeletal muscle feed arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H217-25. [PMID: 26589330 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00716.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although advancing age is often associated with attenuated skeletal muscle blood flow and skeletal muscle feed arteries (SMFAs) have been recognized to play a regulatory role in the vasculature, little is known about the impact of age on the vasodilatory capacity of human SMFAs. Therefore, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were assessed in SMFAs (diameter: 544 ± 63 μm) obtained from 24 (equally represented) young (33 ± 2 yr) and old (71 ± 2 yr) subjects in response to three stimuli: 1) flow-induced shear stress, 2) ACh, and 3) sodium nitropusside (SNP). Both assessments of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, flow (young subjects: 68 ± 1% and old subjects: 32 ± 7%) and ACh (young subjects: 92 ± 3% and old subjects: 73 ± 4%), were significantly blunted (P < 0.05) in SMFAs of old compared with young subjects, with no such age-related differences in endothelium-independent vasodilation (SNP). In response to an increase in flow-induced shear stress, vasodilation kinetics (time constant to reach 63% of the amplitude of the response: 55 ± 1 s in young subjects and 92 ± 7 s in old subjects) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation (phospho-eNOS(s1177)/total eNOS: 1.0 ± 0.1 in young subjects and 0.2 ± 0.1 in old subjects) were also significantly attenuated in old compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the vessel superoxide concentration was greater in old subjects (old subjects: 3.9 ± 1.0 area under curve/mg and young subjects: 1.7 ± 0.1 area under the curve/mg, P < 0.05). These findings reveal that the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory capacity, including vasodilation kinetics but not smooth muscle function, of human SMFAs is blunted with age and may be due to free radicals. Given the potential regulatory role of SMFAs in skeletal muscle blood flow, these findings may explain, at least in part, the often observed attenuated perfusion of skeletal muscle with advancing age that may contribute to exercise intolerance in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Young Park
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stephen J Ives
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Health and Exercise Sciences Department, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York; and
| | - Jayson R Gifford
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert H I Andtbacka
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John R Hyngstrom
- Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Van Reese
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Leena P Bharath
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John D Symons
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;
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30
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O'Neill F, McLoughlin E, Riwanto M, Manz J, Adler A, Sutill E, Khan T, Haywood R, Kay CWM, D'Aiuto F, Charakida M, Landmesser U, Deanfield J. Reproducibility and biological variability of HDL's vascular functional assays. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:588-94. [PMID: 26115070 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent failures of clinical trials promoting HDL-elevating therapies have prompted research groups to focus on its functional activity in disease. Endothelial effects of HDL can be measured with in vitro cell assays. The reproducibility and biological relevance of these assays have not been explored both in healthy individuals and those at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. METHODS HDL dependent nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, superoxide (SO) production and serum paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were measured in 35 healthy adults (34.37 24-49) and 8 patients (43.56 37-49) suffering from a chronic inflammatory condition (periodontitis-PD). Assay reproducibility was assessed by independent technicians on consecutive days to determine inter and intra analyser variability for each assay. The 35 healthy individuals were further divided into young (n = 16) and middle aged (n = 19) groups and compared with regards to HDL functions. Within-subject biological variation of HDL function was determined in a sub-group of 25 healthy volunteers at intervals of one day and 1 month, and in 8 patients at intervals of one day and 1 week. Power curves were also generated to estimate the number of patients that would be required for HDL functional assays in a cross-over and parallel study design. RESULTS NO bioavailability was the most reproducible assay in healthy adults (coefficient of variation = 1.72%, 1.92 - intra and inter respectively) and PD patients (CV = 4.4% and 5.5%). All measures demonstrated no statistical difference between young and healthy middle aged population. No single assay demonstrated significant variations over time, indicating that within patient variations are negligible. Our power curves for NO bioavailability and PON-1 activity suggest that low number of patients will be required to detect significant differences in HDL function in a cross over and parallel study design. CONCLUSION This study suggests that in vitro HDL functional assays are reliable and can be used to assess HDL functionality in healthy and diseased populations. NO bioavailability was the most reproducible assay, but PON-1 activity remains the most practical for application in clinical trials due to its capacity for scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O'Neill
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eve McLoughlin
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meliana Riwanto
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Manz
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Adler
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma Sutill
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tauseef Khan
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Haywood
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher W M Kay
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Marietta Charakida
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Deanfield
- Vascular Physiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research, University College London, London, UK.
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Shi Y, Savarese G, Perrone-Filardi P, Lüscher TF, Camici GG. Enhanced age-dependent cerebrovascular dysfunction is mediated by adaptor protein p66Shc. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:446-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Impact of high dietary lipid intake and related metabolic disorders on the abundance and acyl composition of the unique mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:447-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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