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Pauers MJ, Grudnowski JA. Female preferences for conspecific males indicate reproductive isolation between sympatric
Labeotropheus
Ahl from Lake Malaŵi. Ethology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pauers
- Section of Vertebrate Zoology Milwaukee Public Museum Milwaukee Wisconsin USA
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee at Waukesha Waukesha Wisconsin USA
- School of Freshwater Science University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee Waukesha Wisconsin USA
| | - Jacob A. Grudnowski
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee at Waukesha Waukesha Wisconsin USA
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2
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Hybridization increases genetic diversity in Schistosoma haematobium populations infecting humans in Cameroon. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:37. [PMID: 35346375 PMCID: PMC8962594 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and S. bovis (Sb) have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe. Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown, this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans, to describe the structure of S. haematobium populations on a large geographic scale, and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these populations.
Methods From January to April 2019, urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct populations. Miracidia were collected from eggs in this urine. To detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1 (RD-PCR) and ITS2 gene (PCR-RFLP). Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite markers. Gene diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes, and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst, PCA and Bayesian approaches. Results Of the 1327 miracidia studied, 88.7% were identified as pure genotypes of S. haematobium (Sh_Sh/Sh) while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids (7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb, 3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb). No miracidium has been identified as a pure genotype of S. bovis. Allelic richness ranged from 5.55 (Loum population) to 7.73 (Matta-Barrage) and differed significantly between populations. Mean heterozygosity ranged from 53.7% (Loum) to 59% (Matta Barrage) with no significant difference. The overall genetic differentiation inferred either by a principal component analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial structure. Southern populations (Loum and Matta Barrage) were clearly separated from other localities but genetic differentiation between northern localities was limited, certainly due to the geographic proximity between these sites. Conclusions Hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis were identified in 11.3% of miracidia that hatched from eggs present in the urine of Cameroonian schoolchildren. The percentages of these hybrids are correlated with the genetic diversity of the parasite, indicating that hybridization increases genetic diversity in our sampling sites. Hybridization is therefore a major biological process that shapes the genetic diversity of S. haematobium. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40249-022-00958-0.
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Salisbury SJ, Ruzzante DE. Genetic Causes and Consequences of Sympatric Morph Divergence in Salmonidae: A Search for Mechanisms. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:81-106. [PMID: 34758272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-051021-080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Repeatedly and recently evolved sympatric morphs exhibiting consistent phenotypic differences provide natural experimental replicates of speciation. Because such morphs are observed frequently in Salmonidae, this clade provides a rare opportunity to uncover the genomic mechanisms underpinning speciation. Such insight is also critical for conserving salmonid diversity, the loss of which could have significant ecological and economic consequences. Our review suggests that genetic differentiation among sympatric morphs is largely nonparallel apart from a few key genes that may be critical for consistently driving morph differentiation. We discuss alternative levels of parallelism likely underlying consistent morph differentiation and identify several factors that may temper this incipient speciation between sympatric morphs, including glacial history and contemporary selective pressures. Our synthesis demonstrates that salmonids are useful for studying speciation and poses additional research questions to be answered by future study of this family. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Salisbury
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; ,
| | - D E Ruzzante
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; ,
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4
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Mehner T, Palm S, Delling B, Karjalainen J, Kiełpińska J, Vogt A, Freyhof J. Genetic relationships between sympatric and allopatric Coregonus ciscoes in North and Central Europe. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:186. [PMID: 34615463 PMCID: PMC8496053 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympatric speciation along ecological gradients has been studied repeatedly, in particular in freshwater fishes. Rapid post-glacial ecological divergence has resulted in numerous endemic species or ecologically distinct populations in lakes of the temperate zones. Here, we focus on the Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula) complex, to study the genetic similarity among two pairs of sympatric autumn- and spring-spawning populations from post-glacial German Lakes Stechlin and Breiter Luzin. For comparison, we included a similar pair of sympatric populations from the Swedish Lake Fegen. We wanted to explore potential genetic similarities between the three sympatric cisco population pairs in the three lakes, to evaluate whether the pairs may have emerged independently in the three lakes, or whether two different species may have colonized all three lakes independently. Furthermore, we considered allopatric C. albula populations from three Polish, three Finnish, and four Swedish locations, added one Siberian population of the sister species C. sardinella and a Swedish C. maraena (whitefish) population. By genotyping nine microsatellite markers in 655 individuals from these 18 populations, we wanted to elucidate how strongly the cisco populations differ across a larger geographical area within Europe. Finally, we compared the genetic differences between the spring- and autumn-spawning populations of ciscoes in the two German lakes to infer the potentially deteriorating effect of strong anthropogenic pressure on the lakes. RESULTS Dendrogram, Principal Coordinate Analysis and admixture analysis all indicated strong correspondence between population differentiation and geographical location for most cisco populations in Europe, including the Siberian population of C. sardinella. However, populations from some Swedish lakes deviated from this general pattern, by showing a distinct genetic structure. We found evidence for independent evolution of the three sympatric population pairs, because the populations co-occurring in the same lake were always most closely related. However, genetic differentiation was weak in the two German population pairs, but strong in the Swedish Lake Fegen, indicating that the weak differentiation in the German pairs reported earlier has eroded further. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the genetic differentiation at neutral genetic markers among populations of the Baltic cisco complex has evolved (and is maintained) by random genetic drift in isolated populations. However, earlier studies on the Swedish populations combining mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data indicate that also post-glacial immigration from separate glacial refugia has shaped the present genetic population structure. The low neutral differentiation of the German sympatric pairs in contrast to the Swedish pair suggests that recent anthropogenic effects on the lakes in Germany may put the endemic spring-spawners at risk to extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mehner
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefan Palm
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Delling
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jolanta Kiełpińska
- Department of Aquatic Bioengineering and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Asja Vogt
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum Für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Peris Tamayo A, Devineau O, Præbel K, Kahilainen KK, Østbye K. A brain and a head for a different habitat: Size variation in four morphs of Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) in a deep oligotrophic lake. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11335-11351. [PMID: 33144968 PMCID: PMC7593136 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation is the diversification of species to different ecological niches and has repeatedly occurred in different salmonid fish of postglacial lakes. In Lake Tinnsjøen, one of the largest and deepest lakes in Norway, the salmonid fish, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)), has likely radiated within 9,700 years after deglaciation into ecologically and genetically segregated Piscivore, Planktivore, Dwarf, and Abyssal morphs in the pelagial, littoral, shallow-moderate profundal, and deep-profundal habitats. We compared trait variation in the size of the head, the eye and olfactory organs, as well as the volumes of five brain regions of these four Arctic charr morphs. We hypothesised that specific habitat characteristics have promoted divergent body, head, and brain sizes related to utilized depth differing in environmental constraints (e.g., light, oxygen, pressure, temperature, and food quality). The most important ecomorphological variables differentiating morphs were eye area, habitat, and number of lamellae. The Abyssal morph living in the deepest areas of the lake had the smallest brain region volumes, head, and eye size. Comparing the olfactory bulb with the optic tectum in size, it was larger in the Abyssal morph than in the Piscivore morph. The Piscivore and Planktivore morphs that use more illuminated habitats have the largest optic tectum volume, followed by the Dwarf. The observed differences in body size and sensory capacities in terms of vision and olfaction in shallow and deepwater morphs likely relates to foraging and mating habitats in Lake Tinnsjøen. Further seasonal and experimental studies of brain volume in polymorphic species are needed to test the role of plasticity and adaptive evolution behind the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana‐Maria Peris Tamayo
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and BiotechnologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and EconomicsUiT—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Olivier Devineau
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and BiotechnologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and EconomicsUiT—The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Kjartan Østbye
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and BiotechnologyInland Norway University of Applied SciencesKoppangNorway
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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6
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Yang B, Zhang G, Guo F, Wang M, Wang H, Xiao H. A Genomewide Scan for Genetic Structure and Demographic History of Two Closely Related Species, Rhododendron dauricum and R. mucronulatum ( Rhododendron, Ericaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1093. [PMID: 32765570 PMCID: PMC7380098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the processes of divergence and speciation is an important task for evolutionary research, and climate oscillations play a pivotal role. We estimated the genetic structure and demographic history of two closely related species of Rhododendron, R. dauricum, and R. mucronulatum, distributed in northeastern China using 664,406 single nucleotide polymorphic loci of specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and 4 chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments, sampling 376 individuals from 39 populations of these two species across their geographic distributions. The geographical distribution of cpDNA haplotypes revealed that R. dauricum and R. mucronulatum have different spatial genetic structures and haplotype diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) results showed that these two species have significant genetic differentiation and that the phylogeny demonstrates that these two species clustered a monophyletic group based on SLAF data, respectively, but not in cpDNA data. The evidence of significant gene flow was also detected from R. mucronulatum to R. dauricum. A deep divergence between the two species was observed and occurred during the early Oligocene. The niche models showed that the two species have different demographic histories. Thus, our results imply that geography and climate changes played important roles in the evolutionary process of R. dauricum and R. mucronulatum, and although there was an interspecific gene flow, the divergence was maintained by natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Guoxin Modern Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengping Guo
- Biology Group, No. 30 Middle School of Shenyang, Shenyang, China
| | - Manqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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7
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Thibert-Plante X, Præbel K, Østbye K, Kahilainen KK, Amundsen PA, Gavrilets S. Using mathematical modelling to investigate the adaptive divergence of whitefish in Fennoscandia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7394. [PMID: 32355195 PMCID: PMC7193591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern speciation theory has greatly benefited from a variety of simple mathematical models focusing on the conditions and patterns of speciation and diversification in the presence of gene flow. Unfortunately the application of general theoretical concepts and tools to specific ecological systems remains a challenge. Here we apply modeling tools to better understand adaptive divergence of whitefish during the postglacial period in lakes of northern Fennoscandia. These lakes harbor up to three different morphs associated with the three major lake habitats: littoral, pelagic, and profundal. Using large-scale individual-based simulations, we aim to identify factors required for in situ emergence of the pelagic and profundal morphs in lakes initially colonized by the littoral morph. The importance of some of the factors we identify and study - sufficiently large levels of initial genetic variation, size- and habitat-specific mating, sufficiently large carrying capacity of the new niche - is already well recognized. In addition, our model also points to two other factors that have been largely disregarded in theoretical studies: fitness-dependent dispersal and strong predation in the ancestral niche coupled with the lack of it in the new niche(s). We use our theoretical results to speculate about the process of diversification of whitefish in Fennoscandia and to identify potentially profitable directions for future empirical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Præbel
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kjartan Østbye
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus Evenstad, Anne Evenstadsvei 80, NO-2480, Koppang, Norway.,Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900, Lammi, Finland
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sergey Gavrilets
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Mathematics, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS), Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity (DySoC), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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8
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Delling B, Palm S. Evolution and disappearance of sympatric Coregonus albula in a changing environment-A case study of the only remaining population pair in Sweden. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12727-12753. [PMID: 31788210 PMCID: PMC6875587 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 50 years, Fennoscandian populations of spring-spawning Baltic cisco (Coregonus albula), sympatric to common autumn-spawners, have declined or disappeared; for example, three out of four known spring-spawning populations in Sweden are regarded as extinct. Over the same period, the climate has changed and populations have been subject to other anthropogenic stressors. We compared historic (1960s) and recent (1990-2000s) morphological data from the still-existent sympatric cisco populations in Lake Fegen, Sweden. Phenotypic changes were found for spring-spawners making them more similar to the sympatric autumn-spawners that had remained virtually unchanged. Based on results for other salmoniform fishes, a phenotypically plastic response to increased temperature during early development appears unlikely. The recent material was also analyzed with microsatellite markers; long-term effective population size in spring-spawners was estimated to be about 20 times lower than autumn-spawners, with signs of long-term gene flow in both directions and a recent genetic bottleneck in spring-spawners. We suggest the change toward a less distinct phenotype in spring-spawners to reflect a recent increase in gene flow from autumn-spawners. Time since divergence was estimated to only c. 1,900 years (95% CI: 400-5,900), but still the Fegen populations represent the most morphologically and genetically distinct sympatric populations studied. Consequently, we hypothesize that less distinct population pairs can be even younger and that spring-spawning may have repeatedly evolved and disappeared in several lakes since the end of the last glaciation, concurrent with changed environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Delling
- Department of ZoologySwedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | - Stefan Palm
- Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Aquatic ResourcesInstitute of Freshwater ResearchDrottningholmSweden
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9
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Zhang L, Thibert‐Plante X, Ripa J, Svanbäck R, Brännström Å. Biodiversity loss through speciation collapse: Mechanisms, warning signals, and possible rescue*. Evolution 2019; 73:1504-1516. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Zhang
- School of Mathematical ScienceYangzhou University 225002 Yangzhou China
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical StatisticsUmeå University SE‐90187 Umeå Sweden
| | | | - Jörgen Ripa
- Theoretical Population Ecology and Evolution Group, Department of BiologyLund University 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Richard Svanbäck
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Science for Life LaboratoryUppsala University 75236 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Åke Brännström
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical StatisticsUmeå University SE‐90187 Umeå Sweden
- Evolution and Ecology ProgramInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis A‐2361 Laxenburg Austria
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10
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Feulner PGD, Seehausen O. Genomic insights into the vulnerability of sympatric whitefish species flocks. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:615-629. [PMID: 30554444 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The erosion of habitat heterogeneity can reduce species diversity directly but can also lead to the loss of distinctiveness of sympatric species through speciation reversal. We know little about changes in genomic differentiation during the early stages of these processes, which can be mediated by anthropogenic perturbation. Here, we analyse three sympatric whitefish species (Coregonus spp) sampled across two neighbouring and connected Swiss pre-alpine lakes, which have been differentially affected by anthropogenic eutrophication. Our data set comprises 16,173 loci genotyped across 138 whitefish using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Our analysis suggests that in each of the two lakes, the population of a different, but ecologically similar, whitefish species declined following a recent period of eutrophication. Genomic signatures consistent with hybridization are more pronounced in the more severely impacted lake. Comparisons between sympatric pairs of whitefish species with contrasting ecology, where one is shallow benthic and the other one more profundal pelagic, reveal genomic differentiation that is largely correlated along the genome, while differentiation is uncorrelated between pairs of allopatric provenance with similar ecology. We identify four genomic loci that provide evidence of parallel divergent adaptation between the shallow benthic species and the two different more profundal species. Functional annotations available for two of those loci are consistent with divergent ecological adaptation. Our genomic analysis indicates the action of divergent natural selection between sympatric whitefish species in pre-alpine lakes and reveals the vulnerability of these species to anthropogenic alterations of the environment and associated adaptive landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philine G D Feulner
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland.,Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Weaver DM, Ratten SK, Coghlan SM, Sherwood GD, Zydlewski JD. Age and Growth of a Native, Lightly Exploited Population of Coregonus clupeaformis (Lake Whitefish) in a Small Natural Lake in Maine. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/045.025.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Weaver
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Silas K. Ratten
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Stephen M. Coghlan
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | | | - Joseph D. Zydlewski
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
- US Geological Survey, Maine Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Orono, ME 04469
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12
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Introduced European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus) affects food web and fish community in a large Norwegian lake. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Tritsch C, Stuckas H, Martens J, Pentzold S, Kvist L, Lo Valvo M, Giacalone G, Tietze DT, Nazarenko AA, PÄckert M. Gene flow in the European coal tit, Periparus ater (Aves: Passeriformes): low among Mediterranean populations but high in a continental contact zone. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tritsch
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Königsbrücker Landstraße, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution & Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heiko Stuckas
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Königsbrücker Landstraße, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Martens
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Pentzold
- Institute of Biology, Molecular Evolution & Animal Systematics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura Kvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mario Lo Valvo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie biologiche, chimiche e farmaceutiche, Via Archirafi, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Alexander A Nazarenko
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Martin PÄckert
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Königsbrücker Landstraße, Dresden, Germany
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14
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Janzen T, Nolte AW, Traulsen A. The breakdown of genomic ancestry blocks in hybrid lineages given a finite number of recombination sites. Evolution 2018; 72:735-750. [PMID: 29411878 PMCID: PMC5947311 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
When a lineage originates from hybridization genomic blocks of contiguous ancestry from different ancestors are fragmented through genetic recombination. The resulting blocks are delineated by so called junctions, which accumulate with every generation that passes. Modeling the accumulation of ancestry block junctions can elucidate processes and timeframes of genomic admixture. Previous models have not addressed ancestry block dynamics for chromosomes that consist of a finite number of recombination sites. However, genomic data typically consist of informative markers that are interspersed with fragments for which no ancestry information is available. Hence, repeated recombination events may occur between markers, effectively removing existing junctions. Here, we present an analytical treatment of the dynamics of the mean number of junctions over time, taking into account the number of recombination sites per chromosome, population size, genetic map length, and the frequency of the ancestral species in the founding hybrid swarm. We describe the expected number of junctions using equidistant molecular markers and estimate the number of junctions using random markers. This extended theory of junctions thus reflects properties of empirical data and can serve to study the genomic patterns following admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Janzen
- Carl von Ossietzky UniversityCarl‐von‐Ossietzky‐Str. 9‐1126111OldenburgGermany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Evolutionary BiologyAugust‐Thienemann‐Straße 224306PlönGermany
| | - Arne W. Nolte
- Carl von Ossietzky UniversityCarl‐von‐Ossietzky‐Str. 9‐1126111OldenburgGermany
| | - Arne Traulsen
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Evolutionary BiologyAugust‐Thienemann‐Straße 224306PlönGermany
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15
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Maguilla E, Escudero M, Hipp AL, Luceño M. Allopatric speciation despite historical gene flow: Divergence and hybridization in Carex furva and C. lucennoiberica (Cyperaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear RAD-seq data. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5646-5662. [PMID: 28742230 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene flow among incipient species can act as a creative or destructive force in the speciation process, generating variation on which natural selection can act while, potentially, undermining population divergence. The flowering plant genus Carex exhibits a rapid and relatively recent radiation with many species limits still unclear. This is the case with the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal)-endemic C. lucennoiberica, which lay unrecognized within Carex furva until its recent description as a new species. In this study, we test how these species were impacted by interspecific gene flow during speciation. We sampled the full range of distribution of C. furva (15 individuals sampled) and C. lucennoiberica (88 individuals), sequenced two cpDNA regions (atpI-atpH, psbA-trnH) and performed genomic sequencing of 45,100 SNPs using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). We utilized a set of partitioned D-statistic tests and demographic analyses to study the degree and direction of introgression. Additionally, we modelled species distributions to reconstruct changes in range distribution during glacial and interglacial periods. Plastid, nuclear and morphological data strongly support divergence between species with subsequent gene flow. Combined with species distribution modelling, these data support a scenario of allopatry leading to species divergence, followed by secondary contact and gene flow due to long-distance dispersal and/or range expansions and contractions in response to Quaternary glacial cycles. We conclude that this is a case of allopatric speciation despite historical secondary contacts, which could have temporally influenced the speciation process, contributing to the knowledge of forces that are driving or counteracting speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcial Escudero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, USA.,Botany Department, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
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Huuskonen H, Shikano T, Mehtätalo L, Kettunen J, Eronen R, Toiviainen A, Kekäläinen J. Anthropogenic environmental changes induce introgression in sympatric whitefish ecotypes. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Perreault-Payette A, Muir AM, Goetz F, Perrier C, Normandeau E, Sirois P, Bernatchez L. Investigating the extent of parallelism in morphological and genomic divergence among lake trout ecotypes in Lake Superior. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1477-1497. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysse Perreault-Payette
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec Quebec Canada G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Andrew M. Muir
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; 13 Natural Resources Building East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission; 2100 Commonwealth Boulevard Suite 100 Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA
| | - Frederick Goetz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Port Orchard WA 98366 USA
| | - Charles Perrier
- Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR CEFE CNRS 5175); 1919, route de Mende, 34293; Montpellier France
| | - Eric Normandeau
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec Quebec Canada G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Pascal Sirois
- Chaire de recherche sur les espèces aquatiques exploitées; Laboratoire des sciences aquatiques; Département des sciences fondamentales; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; 555 boulevard de l'Université Chicoutimi Quebec Canada G7H 2B1
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Département de Biologie; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; 1030 avenue de la Médecine Québec Quebec Canada G1V 0A6 Canada
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18
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Hudson AG, Lundsgaard-Hansen B, Lucek K, Vonlanthen P, Seehausen O. Managing cryptic biodiversity: Fine-scale intralacustrine speciation along a benthic gradient in Alpine whitefish ( Coregonus spp.). Evol Appl 2016; 10:251-266. [PMID: 28250810 PMCID: PMC5322408 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whitefish (Coregonus spp.) are an important catch for many freshwater fisheries, particularly in Switzerland. In support of this, supplemental stocking of whitefish species is carried out, despite lacking complete knowledge of the extent, distribution and origin of whitefish diversity in these lakes, potentially threatening local endemics via artificial gene flow. Here, we investigate phenotypic and genetic differentiation among coexisting whitefish species spawning along a depth gradient in a subalpine Swiss lake to better delineate intralacustrine whitefish biodiversity. We find depth‐related clines in adaptive morphology and in neutral genetic markers. This individual variation is structured in three distinct clusters with spatial overlap. Individual genetic distances correlate strongly with differences in growth rate and gill‐raker number, consistent with predictions of isolation‐by‐adaptation and ecological speciation. Genetic differentiation between species suggests reproductive isolation, despite demographic admixture on spawning grounds. Our results are consistent with clinal speciation resulting in three species coexisting in close ecological parapatry, one (C. sp. “benthic intermediate”) being previously unknown. A second unknown species spawning in close proximity was found to be of potential allochthonous origin. This study highlights the importance of taxonomically unbiased sampling strategies to both understand evolutionary mechanisms structuring biodiversity and to better inform conservation and fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Hudson
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Baenz Lundsgaard-Hansen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK; Department of Environmental Sciences University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Pascal Vonlanthen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquabios GmbH, Les Fermes Cordast Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Division of Aquatic Ecology & Evolution Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution Centre of Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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Baillie SM, Muir AM, Hansen MJ, Krueger CC, Bentzen P. Genetic and phenotypic variation along an ecological gradient in lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:219. [PMID: 27756206 PMCID: PMC5069848 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adaptive radiation involving a colonizing phenotype that rapidly evolves into at least one other ecological variant, or ecotype, has been observed in a variety of freshwater fishes in post-glacial environments. However, few studies consider how phenotypic traits vary with regard to neutral genetic partitioning along ecological gradients. Here, we present the first detailed investigation of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush that considers variation as a cline rather than discriminatory among ecotypes. Genetic and phenotypic traits organized along common ecological gradients of water depth and geographic distance provide important insights into diversification processes in a lake with high levels of human disturbance from over-fishing. Results Four putative lake trout ecotypes could not be distinguished using population genetic methods, despite morphological differences. Neutral genetic partitioning in lake trout was stronger along a gradient of water depth, than by locality or ecotype. Contemporary genetic migration patterns were consistent with isolation-by-depth. Historical gene flow patterns indicated colonization from shallow to deep water. Comparison of phenotypic (Pst) and neutral genetic variation (Fst) revealed that morphological traits related to swimming performance (e.g., buoyancy, pelvic fin length) departed more strongly from neutral expectations along a depth gradient than craniofacial feeding traits. Elevated phenotypic variance with increasing water depth in pelvic fin length indicated possible ongoing character release and diversification. Finally, differences in early growth rate and asymptotic fish length across depth strata may be associated with limiting factors attributable to cold deep-water environments. Conclusion We provide evidence of reductions in gene flow and divergent natural selection associated with water depth in Lake Superior. Such information is relevant for documenting intraspecific biodiversity in the largest freshwater lake in the world for a species that recently lost considerable genetic diversity and is now in recovery. Unknown is whether observed patterns are a result of an early stage of incipient speciation, gene flow-selection equilibrium, or reverse speciation causing formerly divergent ecotypes to collapse into a single gene pool. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0788-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M Baillie
- Marine Gene Probe Lab, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Andrew M Muir
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2100 Commonwealth Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Michael J Hansen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, 11188 Ray Road, Millersburg, MI, 49759, USA
| | - Charles C Krueger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, USA
| | - Paul Bentzen
- Marine Gene Probe Lab, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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20
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Pfaender J, Hadiaty RK, Schliewen UK, Herder F. Rugged adaptive landscapes shape a complex, sympatric radiation. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:rspb.2015.2342. [PMID: 26763702 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong disruptive ecological selection can initiate speciation, even in the absence of physical isolation of diverging populations. Species evolving under disruptive ecological selection are expected to be ecologically distinct but, at least initially, genetically weakly differentiated. Strong selection and the associated fitness advantages of narrowly adapted individuals, coupled with assortative mating, are predicted to overcome the homogenizing effects of gene flow. Theoretical plausibility is, however, contrasted by limited evidence for the existence of rugged adaptive landscapes in nature. We found evidence for multiple, disruptive ecological selection regimes that have promoted divergence in the sympatric, incipient radiation of 'sharpfin' sailfin silverside fishes in ancient Lake Matano (Sulawesi, Indonesia). Various modes of ecological specialization have led to adaptive morphological differences between the species, and differently adapted morphs display significant but incomplete reproductive isolation. Individual fitness and variation in morphological key characters show that disruptive selection shapes a rugged adaptive landscape in this small but complex incipient lake fish radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobst Pfaender
- Sektion Ichthyologie, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, Bonn 53113, Germany Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Renny K Hadiaty
- Ichthyology Laboratory, Division of Zoology, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Ulrich K Schliewen
- Department of Ichthyology, SNSB - Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, München 81247, Germany
| | - Fabian Herder
- Sektion Ichthyologie, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, Bonn 53113, Germany
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21
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Segura-García I, Gallo JP, Chivers S, Díaz-Gamboa R, Hoelzel AR. Post-glacial habitat release and incipient speciation in the genus Delphinus. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:400-407. [PMID: 27599576 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of ecological and changing environmental factors in the radiation of species diversity is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Of particular interest is the potential for these factors to determine the boundary between what we would consider differentiation among populations and incipient speciation. Dolphins in the genus Delphinus provide a useful test case, exhibiting morphological variation in beak length, coloration and body size across their wide geographic distribution, and in particular among coastal and more pelagic habitats. Two species have been proposed, D. delphis and D. capensis, but morphologically similar allopatric populations are not monophyletic, indicating that the mostly coastal 'long-beaked' D. capensis form is not a single globally distributed species. However, the sympatric populations in the Eastern North Pacific currently designated as these two species are both morphologically and genetically differentiated. Here we use microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA markers to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms that led to this incipient speciation event. We used coalescent and assignment methods to investigate the timing and extent of reproductive isolation. Our data indicate that although there is some level of on-going gene flow, the putative species found in the Eastern North Pacific are reciprocally monophyletic. The timing of isolation appears to be associated with regional changes in paleoceanographic conditions within the Holocene timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Segura-García
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - J P Gallo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo-Carretera al Varadero Nacional Km 6.6, Guaymas, Mexico
| | - S Chivers
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Díaz-Gamboa
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - A R Hoelzel
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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22
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Cutter AD, Gray JC. Ephemeral ecological speciation and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient. Evolution 2016; 70:2171-2185. [PMID: 27502055 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The richness of biodiversity in the tropics compared to high-latitude parts of the world forms one of the most globally conspicuous patterns in biology, and yet few hypotheses aim to explain this phenomenon in terms of explicit microevolutionary mechanisms of speciation and extinction. We link population genetic processes of selection and adaptation to speciation and extinction by way of their interaction with environmental factors to drive global scale macroecological patterns. High-latitude regions are both cradle and grave with respect to species diversification. In particular, we point to a conceptual equivalence of "environmental harshness" and "hard selection" as eco-evolutionary drivers of local adaptation and ecological speciation. By describing how ecological speciation likely occurs more readily at high latitudes, with such nascent species especially prone to extinction by fusion, we derive the ephemeral ecological speciation hypothesis as an integrative mechanistic explanation for latitudinal gradients in species turnover and the net accumulation of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher D Cutter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Jeremy C Gray
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
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23
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Glotzbecker GJ, Walters DM, Blum MJ. Rapid movement and instability of an invasive hybrid swarm. Evol Appl 2016; 9:741-55. [PMID: 27330551 PMCID: PMC4908461 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unstable hybrid swarms that arise following the introduction of non‐native species can overwhelm native congeners, yet the stability of invasive hybrid swarms has not been well documented over time. Here, we examine genetic variation and clinal stability across a recently formed hybrid swarm involving native blacktail shiner (Cyprinella venusta) and non‐native red shiner (C. lutrensis) in the Upper Coosa River basin, which is widely considered to be a global hot spot of aquatic biodiversity. Examination of phenotypic, multilocus genotypic, and mitochondrial haplotype variability between 2005 and 2011 revealed that the proportion of hybrids has increased over time, with more than a third of all sampled individuals exhibiting admixture in the final year of sampling. Comparisons of clines over time indicated that the hybrid swarm has been rapidly progressing upstream, but at a declining and slower pace than rates estimated from historical collection records. Clinal comparisons also showed that the hybrid swarm has been expanding and contracting over time. Additionally, we documented the presence of red shiner and hybrids farther downstream than prior studies have detected, which suggests that congeners in the Coosa River basin, including all remaining populations of the threatened blue shiner (Cyprinella caerulea), are at greater risk than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Walters
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Michael J Blum
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA; Tulane - Xavier Center for Bioenvironmental ResearchTulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA
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24
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Faulks L, Östman Ö. Genetic Diversity and Hybridisation between Native and Introduced Salmonidae Fishes in a Swedish Alpine Lake. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152732. [PMID: 27032100 PMCID: PMC4816307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes underlying diversification can aid in formulating appropriate conservation management plans that help maintain the evolutionary potential of taxa, particularly under human-induced activities and climate change. Here we assessed the microsatellite genetic diversity and structure of three salmonid species, two native (Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus and brown trout, Salmo trutta) and one introduced (brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis), from an alpine lake in sub-arctic Sweden, Lake Ånn. The genetic diversity of the three species was similar and sufficiently high from a conservation genetics perspective: corrected total heterozygosity, H’T = 0.54, 0.66, 0.60 and allelic richness, AR = 4.93, 5.53 and 5.26 for Arctic charr, brown trout and brook charr, respectively. There were indications of elevated inbreeding coefficients in brown trout (GIS = 0.144) and brook charr (GIS = 0.129) although sibling relationships were likely a confounding factor, as a high proportion of siblings were observed in all species within and among sampling locations. Overall genetic structure differed between species, Fst = 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 in Arctic charr, brown trout and brook charr respectively, and there was differentiation at only a few specific locations. There was clear evidence of hybridisation between the native Arctic charr and the introduced brook charr, with 6% of individuals being hybrids, all of which were sampled in tributary streams. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of the observed hybridisation are priorities for further research and the conservation of the evolutionary potential of native salmonid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Faulks
- Department of Ecology and Genetics – Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Sugadaira Montane Research Centre, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira-kogen 1278–294, Ueda, Nagano, 386–2204, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Örjan Östman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics – Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Skolvägen 6, 742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
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25
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Adams CE, Bean CW, Dodd JA, Down A, Etheridge EC, Gowans ARD, Hooker O, Knudsen R, Lyle AA, Winfield IJ, Præbel K. Inter and intra-population phenotypic and genotypic structuring in the European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus, a rare freshwater fish in Scotland. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:580-594. [PMID: 26748995 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study revealed between-lake genetic structuring between Coregonus lavaretus collected from the only two native populations of this species in Scotland, U.K. (Lochs Eck and Lomond) evidenced by the existence of private alleles (12 in Lomond and four in Eck) and significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0·056) across 10 microsatellite markers. Juvenile C. lavaretus originating from eggs collected from the two lakes and reared in a common-garden experiment showed clear phenotypic differences in trophic morphology (i.e. head and body shape) between these populations indicating that these characteristics were, at least partly, inherited. Microsatellite analysis of adults collected from different geographic regions within Loch Lomond revealed detectable and statistically significant but relatively weak genetic structuring (FST = 0·001-0·024) and evidence of private alleles related to the basin structure of the lake. Within-lake genetic divergence patterns suggest three possibilities for this observed pattern: (1) differential selection pressures causing divergence into separate gene pools, (2) a collapse of two formerly divergent gene pools and (3) a stable state maintained by balancing selection forces resulting from spatial variation in selection and lake heterogeneity. Small estimates of effective population sizes for the populations in both lakes suggest that the capacity of both populations to adapt to future environmental change may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Glasgow G63 0AW, U.K
| | - C W Bean
- Scottish Natural Heritage, Caspian House, Clydebank Business Park, Clydebank, Glasgow G81 2NR, U.K
| | - J A Dodd
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Glasgow G63 0AW, U.K
| | - A Down
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Glasgow G63 0AW, U.K
| | - E C Etheridge
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Glasgow G63 0AW, U.K
| | - A R D Gowans
- Environment Agency, Ghyll Mount, Gillan Way, Penrith 40 Business Park, Penrith, Cumbria CA11 9BP, U.K
| | - O Hooker
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Glasgow G63 0AW, U.K
| | - R Knudsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - A A Lyle
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment, University of Glasgow, Rowardennan, Glasgow G63 0AW, U.K
| | - I J Winfield
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - K Præbel
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Vaux F, Trewick SA, Morgan-Richards M. Lineages, splits and divergence challenge whether the terms anagenesis and cladogenesis are necessary. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Vaux
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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Brodersen J, Seehausen O. Why evolutionary biologists should get seriously involved in ecological monitoring and applied biodiversity assessment programs. Evol Appl 2014; 7:968-83. [PMID: 25553061 PMCID: PMC4231589 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While ecological monitoring and biodiversity assessment programs are widely implemented and relatively well developed to survey and monitor the structure and dynamics of populations and communities in many ecosystems, quantitative assessment and monitoring of genetic and phenotypic diversity that is important to understand evolutionary dynamics is only rarely integrated. As a consequence, monitoring programs often fail to detect changes in these key components of biodiversity until after major loss of diversity has occurred. The extensive efforts in ecological monitoring have generated large data sets of unique value to macro-scale and long-term ecological research, but the insights gained from such data sets could be multiplied by the inclusion of evolutionary biological approaches. We argue that the lack of process-based evolutionary thinking in ecological monitoring means a significant loss of opportunity for research and conservation. Assessment of genetic and phenotypic variation within and between species needs to be fully integrated to safeguard biodiversity and the ecological and evolutionary dynamics in natural ecosystems. We illustrate our case with examples from fishes and conclude with examples of ongoing monitoring programs and provide suggestions on how to improve future quantitative diversity surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Brodersen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryKastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Center for Ecology, Evolution and BiogeochemistryKastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Division of Aquatic Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of BernBern, Switzerland
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Dierking J, Phelps L, Præbel K, Ramm G, Prigge E, Borcherding J, Brunke M, Eizaguirre C. Anthropogenic hybridization between endangered migratory and commercially harvested stationary whitefish taxa (Coregonus spp.). Evol Appl 2014; 7:1068-83. [PMID: 25553068 PMCID: PMC4231596 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural hybridization plays a key role in the process of speciation. However, anthropogenic (human induced) hybridization of historically isolated taxa raises conservation issues. Due to weak barriers to gene flow and the presence of endangered taxa, the whitefish species complex is an excellent study system to investigate the consequences of hybridization in conservation. We focused on three naturally reproductively isolated whitefish taxa in Germany: the endangered, anadromous North Sea houting (NSH) and Baltic houting (BH), which were reintroduced after local extinction, and the commercially stocked European whitefish (EW). To evaluate the genetic integrity of each taxon, source and reintroduced populations of NSH and BH, and EW populations were characterized based on two mitochondrial and 17 microsatellite loci. Additionally, we investigated gill raker counts as an adaptive phenotypic trait. Even though clear genetic and phenotypic differentiation confirmed the houtings as separate evolutionarily significant units, admixture analyses revealed an extensive hybrid zone. Hybridizations were introgressive, positively correlated with genetic diversity, and were reflected in the gill raker counts. The BH distribution range showed higher heterogeneity and stronger admixture than the NSH range. Erroneous stocking with non-native genotypes best explained these patterns, which pose challenges for the conservation of the endangered NSH and BH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dierking
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Luke Phelps
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany ; Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön, Germany
| | - Kim Præbel
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gesine Ramm
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany ; Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Enno Prigge
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
| | - Jost Borcherding
- General Ecology & Limnology, Ecological Research Station Grietherbusch, Zoological Institute of the University of Cologne Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Brunke
- Landesamt für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume (LLUR) Flintbek, Germany
| | - Christophe Eizaguirre
- Research Division Marine Ecology, Research Unit Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany
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