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Zhang JW, Guan JQ, Zhong YX. Association of prenatal obesity and cord blood cytokine levels with allergic diseases in children: A 10-year follow-up cohort study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17375. [PMID: 37484399 PMCID: PMC10361389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Although studies have associated elevated prenatal obesity with increased risk of various diseases in offspring, little is known regarding the immune system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between prenatal obesity and levels of cytokines in umbilical cord blood and development of allergic disease during the first 10 years of life in an offspring. Methods A cohort of term infants born at the ShaoXing Women and Children Hospitals in China in 2011 was enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry was performed to measure levels of various cord blood cytokines, namely IL1β, IL2, IL10, IL6, IL8, IL17, IL12, TNF-α and IFN-γ. Next, logistic regression was used to explore the association of prenatal BMI with the development of allergic disease. The relationship between levels of each cord blood cytokine with prenatal BMI, and allergic disease development was tested using linear and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results After 10 years of follow-up, higher prenatal BMI was significantly associated with development of allergic disease in children (HR = 2.45, 95% CI:1.08-5.57, P = 0.033). We also adjusted for maternal age, education and infant gender, and found that prenatal BMI was significantly associated with higher levels of IL12 (P = 0.023) and IL1β (P = 0.049) in cord blood. Moreover, we adjusted for maternal age, education, allergic dermatitis, gestation age and infant gender, and found that increase in each unit (1.26 pg/ml) in IL17 was associated with a 55.5% higher risk of allergic disease in 10-year-old children (HR = 1.55, 95%Cl: 0.99-2.45, P = 0.056). Meanwhile, after adjusting for maternal age, education level, gestation age, prenatal BMI, gestational weight gain, infant gender and birthweight, we found that for every unit increase in IL10, IL6 and IL1β, the risk of overweight/obesity in children after 10-year follow-up increased by 18.7% (HR = 1.19, 95%Cl: 1.01-1.40, P = 0.042), 13.9% (HR = 1.14, 95%Cl: 1.02-1.27, P = 0.021) and 41.3% (HR = 1.41, 95%Cl: 1.02-1.95, P = 0.036), respectively. Conclusions Prenatal obesity was positively correlated with allergic diseases in offspring. Cord blood cytokine may play mediating roles in the associations of prenatal obesity with offspring allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Guan
- Department of Public Health, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China
| | - Yong-Xing Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, China
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2
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Zhu Y, Yu J, Zhu X, Yuan J, Dai M, Bao Y, Jiang Y. Experimental observation of the effect of immunotherapy on CD4+ T cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in mice with allergic rhinitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5273. [PMID: 37002325 PMCID: PMC10066377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of immunotherapy in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR) and to explore the possible molecular mechanisms of action. An animal model of AR was established by sensitization and challenge of BALB/c mice with house dust mite (HDM) extract. The mice were injected subcutaneously with HDM for immunotherapy. AR nasal symptoms were evaluated according to the frequencies of nose rubbing and sneezing and the degree of rhinorrhea. The nasal mucosa and lung tissue architecture and inflammatory status by histological analysis; the infiltration of eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid (NALF) of mice was observed by Diff-Quik stain; ELISA-based quantification of serum HDM-specific IgE and TH1/TH2 cytokine concentration; and flow cytometry detected the number of serum CD4+/CD8+ cells to evaluate the mechanism of immunotherapy. It was found that after immunotherapy, the AR symptom score was reduced, the number of eosinophils in NALF was reduced, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissue damage in the nasal mucosa and lung tissue were alleviated. Immunotherapy can increase the number of CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood, increase the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells, increase the expression of Th1 cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-γ, reduce the expression of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5. The results showed that repeated intraperitoneal injection of crude extract of HDM for sensitization, followed by nasal drops can effectively construct a mouse model of AR, and subcutaneous injection of immunotherapy in mice can reduce allergic inflammation in model mice and improve the inflammatory infiltration of the nasal cavity in allergic rhinitis. Immunotherapy can reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in AR, improve Th1/Th2 balance, and may play a role in the treatment of AR by improving the function of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - XinHua Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - JiaSheng Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - MeiNa Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - YouWei Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - YinLi Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
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Yang Y, Wang L, Wang S, Wang Y, Du Y, Fan Y. Luteolin restored Treg/Th17 balance to ameliorate allergic rhinitis in a mouse model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36946145 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2023.2166527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Luteolin (LO) has been reported to be a potential drug for allergic rhinitis (AR). This paper explored the mechanism of LO in AR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) to construct an AR model in vivo before LO or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment. The frequency of nasal sneezing was counted. The nasal mucosa thickness was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining assay. The levels of anti-OVA-immunoglobulin E (IgE)/IgG2a, autophagy-related factors (Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I), and T helper cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) markers (interleukin (IL)-17A, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt)/IL-10, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)) were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry assay was performed to test the percentage of Th17 and Treg cells. RESULTS The nasal sneezing frequency, nasal mucosa thickness, and levels of anti-OVA-IgE, Beclin1, LC3II/LC3I, IL-17A as well as RORγt were enhanced whereas anti-OVA-IgG2a, IL-10, and Foxp3 levels were inhibited in a mouse model of OVA-induced AR, which were reversed by LO or 3-MA treatment. CONCLUSIONS LO restored Treg/Th17 balance to ameliorate AR in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Yang
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yunqiang Du
- Criminal Police, Public Security Bureau of Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuqin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Margelidon-Cozzolino V, Tsicopoulos A, Chenivesse C, de Nadai P. Role of Th17 Cytokines in Airway Remodeling in Asthma and Therapy Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:806391. [PMID: 35386663 PMCID: PMC8974749 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.806391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a frequent pathological feature of severe asthma leading to permanent airway obstruction in up to 50% of cases and to respiratory disability. Although structural changes related to airway remodeling are well-characterized, immunological processes triggering and maintaining this phenomenon are still poorly understood. As a consequence, no biotherapy targeting cytokines are currently efficient to treat airway remodeling and only bronchial thermoplasty may have an effect on bronchial nerves and smooth muscles with uncertain clinical relevance. Th17 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, play a role in neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma and may be involved in airway remodeling. Indeed, IL-17 is increased in sputum from severe asthmatic patients, induces the expression of "profibrotic" cytokines by epithelial, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and provokes human airway smooth muscle cell migration in in vitro studies. IL-22 is also increased in asthmatic samples, promotes myofibroblast differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. Accordingly, we also found high levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in a mouse model of dog-allergen induced asthma characterized by a strong airway remodeling. Clinical trials found no effect of therapy targeting IL-17 in an unselected population of asthmatic patients but showed a potential benefit in a sub-population of patients exhibiting a high level of airway reversibility, suggesting a potential role on airway remodeling. Anti-IL-22 therapies have not been evaluated in asthma yet but were demonstrated efficient in severe atopic dermatitis including an effect on skin remodeling. In this review, we will address the role of Th17 cytokines in airway remodeling through data from in vitro, in vivo and translational studies, and examine the potential place of Th17-targeting therapies in the treatment of asthma with airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Margelidon-Cozzolino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Chenivesse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CRISALIS (Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science), F-CRIN Network, INSERM US015, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia de Nadai
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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Bai MT, Li Y, Hu ZL. Ragweed pollen induces allergic conjunctivitis immune tolerance in mice via regulation of the NF-κB signal pathway. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:955-964. [PMID: 34282378 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.07.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the feasibility and mechanism of immune tolerance in allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS The allergic conjunctivitis immune tolerance mice model was established by ragweed pollen (RW) and the related cytokines were detected. The mice were divided into 9 groups and the maslinic acid (MA) or PBS were given for different group after modeling. The expression levels of chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and P-65 in the conjunctival tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The percentage of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and CD4+CD25+ in the splenocyte supernatant was analyzed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the serum and splenocyte supernatant concentration of total-IgE, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-17 was analyzed by enzyme linked immune response (ELISA). RESULTS After the model was established, symptoms of conjunctivitis were alleviated, the level of P-65, CCL5, IL-17, and total-IgE was raised, while the expression of IL-10, CD4+CD25+ was decreased. This result fully demonstrated that a typical IL-17/regulatory-T-cells (Treg cells) imbalance and NF-κB activation. When the NF-κB signal pathway was suppressed, it showed that there was a further relief of conjunctivitis in mice. At the same time, the expression of total-IgE, IL-17, and CCL5 was decreased and the expression of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10, CD4+CD25+) was increased. CONCLUSION In the state of immune tolerance, symptoms of conjunctivitis in mice are alleviated, the Th-17 cells of allergic conjunctivitis mice are inhibited, and Treg cells activity is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tian Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Yunnan Eye Institute, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Expert Workstation of Yao Ke, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Oncology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining 629000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhu-Lin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Yunnan Eye Institute, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Expert Workstation of Yao Ke, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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6
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Erkan K, Bozkurt MK, Artaç H, Özdemir H, Ünlü A, Korucu EN, Elsürer Ç. The role of regulatory T cells in allergic rhinitis and their correlation with IL-10, IL-17 and neopterin levels in serum and nasal lavage fluid. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:1109-1114. [PMID: 31993765 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Allergic rhinitis (AR), is an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nose. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inflammatory cytokines have been shown to play a critical role in allergic airway inflammation. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of blood T lymphocyte subsets and IL-10, IL-17 and neopterin concentrations in serum and nasal lavage of patients with AR compared to healthy subjects. METHODS The study included 38 subjects with moderate-severe AR and 36 sex- and age-matched controls. Peripheral blood CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3 percentages were evaluated using flow cytometry. Levels of IL-10, IL-17 and neopterin were measured both in serum and nasal lavage fluid with ELISA and HPLC, respectively. RESULTS No difference was found in the percentages of T lymphocyte subsets between the two groups (p > 0.05). Serum IL-10 levels were similar (p > 0.05), whereas nasal IL-10 was lower in AR subjects compared to control group (2.22 ± 0.91 and 3.12 ± 1.45 pg/ml, respectively) (p < 0.05). Mean serum and nasal IL-17 were higher in AR (107.7 ± 79.61 and 527.36 ± 738.7 pg/ml) than the control group (76.29 ± 28.94 and 328.9 ± 430.8 pg/ml) (p < 0.05 and p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum and nasal neopterin levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although there were no differences in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets between the AR and control groups, the finding of higher levels of serum and nasal IL-17 and lower levels of nasal IL-10 support the cytokine imbalance in the pathogenesis of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadriye Erkan
- Otolaryngology Department, Konya Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mete K Bozkurt
- Otolaryngology Department, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hasibe Artaç
- Selcuk University School of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Dept, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hülya Özdemir
- Selcuk University School of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Dept, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali Ünlü
- Selcuk University School of Medicine, Biochemistry Dept, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emine N Korucu
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Elsürer
- Otolaryngology Department, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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7
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Salmani A, Mohammadi M, Farid Hosseini R, Tavakol Afshari J, Fouladvand A, Dehnavi S, Khoshkhooi M, Jabbari Azad F. A significant increase in expression of FOXP3 and IL-17 genes in patients with allergic rhinitis underwent accelerated rush immunotherapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:989-996. [PMID: 31807241 PMCID: PMC6880522 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.32979.7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common hypersensitivity disease worldwide. Immunotherapy has been performed as the best treatment for years. This study aimed to study the gene expression pattern of immune system cells following an accelerated rush immunotherapy protocol (ARIT) in patients with AR. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with AR (15–55 years old) resident in Mashhad, Iran, with positive prick test to regional aeroallergens (weed mix, grass mix, tree mix, and Salsola) enrolled in this study. All patients were treated for three months with 3-day ARIT protocol between July 2015 and August 2016. Clinical symptoms and quality of life were recorded by two questioners. The expression levels of FOXP3, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-17, IL-4, and IFN-γ genes in patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated by SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR technique. Results: The severity of disease and quality of life showed significant improvement following ARIT (P-value<0.05). Gene expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 was increased whereas TGF-β and IL-4 down-regulated, following ARIT, but these changes were not significant. However, gene expression of FOXP3 and IL-17 was significantly increased after intervention when compared with the baseline (P-value< 0.002). Conclusion: Significant up-regulation of FOXP3 and IL-17 genes, additionally, a significant improvement in the clinical signs following ARIT might be related to increases in HLA-DR- and FOXP3+ Treg population at the initiation phase of ARIT. Employing the flow cytometry technique to study the phenotype of these cells is suggested for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirabbas Salmani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Farid Hosseini
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Fouladvand
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoshkhooi
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Mitthamsiri W, Pradubpongsa P, Sangasapaviliya A, Boonpiyathad T. Decreased CRTH2 Expression and Response to Allergen Re-stimulation on Innate Lymphoid Cells in Patients With Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:662-674. [PMID: 30306748 PMCID: PMC6182198 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.6.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. However, the effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) on ILCs remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of ILC subsets in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients in response to house dust mite (HDM)-specific immunotherapy. Methods We enrolled 37 AR patients undergoing AIT (16 responders and 11 non-responders) for 2 years, 35 HDM AR patients and 28 healthy subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry to identify ILC subsets. Stimulation of ILC2s with recombinant allergen-specific protein was used to determine ILC2's activation (CD69 expression). Results Responder AIT patients and healthy subjects had a decreased frequency of circulating ILC2s compared to non-responder AIT and AR patients. Conversely, ILC1s from responder AIT patients and healthy subjects showed increased frequency compared to non-responder AIT and AR patients. The frequency of ILC3s natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)+ and NCR− in responder AIT patients was significantly lower compared to AR patients and healthy subjects. The ILC1: ILC2 proportion in responder AIT patients was similar to that of healthy subjects. PBMCs from patients who were responders to AIT had a significantly lower expression of the activation marker CD69 on ILC2s in response to allergen re-stimulation compared to AR patients, but no difference compared to non-responder AIT patients and healthy subjects. Conclusions We propose that AIT might affect ILC responses. The activation of ILC2s was reduced in AR patients treated with AIT. Our results indicate that a relative ILC1/ILC2 skewed response is a possible key to successful AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wat Mitthamsiri
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panitan Pradubpongsa
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atik Sangasapaviliya
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
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9
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Lawrence MG, Steinke JW, Borish L. Basic science for the clinician: Mechanisms of sublingual and subcutaneous immunotherapy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 117:138-42. [PMID: 27499541 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the general immunologic changes that occur during immunotherapy, focusing on the differences between subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). DATA SOURCES PubMed literature review. STUDY SELECTIONS Articles pertaining to SCIT and SLIT, with specific emphasis on those that included immune mechanistic studies. RESULTS Both SCIT and SLIT are characterized by the induction of regulatory B and T cells, decreased allergen-specific T-cell proliferation, a shift from a TH2 to TH1 cytokine milieu and from an IgE to an IgG4/IgA antibody response. These changes are accompanied by clinical improvement in symptoms. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy using allergen extracts administered via both subcutaneous and sublingual approaches have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and other allergic conditions. There are subtle differences between the approaches, and understanding these differences may help clinicians select a preferred route of therapy for particular patients or allergens, depending on the immune response that is being targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G Lawrence
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - John W Steinke
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Larry Borish
- Asthma and Allergic Disease Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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10
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Hou TY, Chen MR, Chou YC, Kan PC, Tsai YT, Cha TL. Impact of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 on T Helper Cell-Mediated Allergic Rhinitis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:790. [PMID: 28740493 PMCID: PMC5502279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2) has been shown to play a role in the differentiation of T helper (Th) 1 and 2 cells in mice studies using Ezh2-deficient T cells. However, the results have been inconsistent, and the function of Ezh2 in human Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation and its association with disease remains controversial. We measured the expression of Ezh2 in Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after acute challenge with house dust mite using flow cytometry in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and controls. The role of Ezh2 was further explored by adding the p38 inhibitor to see if this affected allergen-induced Th1 and Th2 differentiation. The expression of Ezh2 in the Th1 and Th2 cells was significantly lower in the patients than in the controls and was negatively correlated with serum IL-17A levels in the patients. Ex vivo allergen challenge resulted in rapid Th2 cell differentiation, which was negatively associated with the Ezh2 expression in Th2 cells. Inhibiting p38 activity increased the expression of Ezh2 in Th2 cells and reduced the number of differentiated Th2 cells. Our findings suggest that Ezh2 expression is potentially associated with AR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yun Hou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Rong Chen
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chou
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chieh Kan
- Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ta Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lung Cha
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institutes of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Forno E, Sordillo J, Brehm J, Chen W, Benos T, Yan Q, Avila L, Soto-Quirós M, Cloutier MM, Colón-Semidey A, Alvarez M, Acosta-Pérez E, Weiss ST, Litonjua AA, Canino G, Celedón JC. Genome-wide interaction study of dust mite allergen on lung function in children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:996-1003.e7. [PMID: 28167095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood asthma is likely the result of gene-by-environment (G × E) interactions. Dust mite is a known risk factor for asthma morbidity. Yet, there have been no genome-wide G × E studies of dust mite allergen on asthma-related phenotypes. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify genetic variants whose effects on lung function in children with asthma are modified by the level of dust mite allergen exposure. METHODS A genome-wide interaction analysis of dust mite allergen level and lung function was performed in a cohort of Puerto Rican children with asthma (Puerto Rico Genetics of Asthma and Lifestyle [PRGOAL]). Replication was attempted in 2 independent cohorts, the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) and the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study. RESULTS Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs117902240 showed a significant interaction effect on FEV1 with dust mite allergen level in PRGOAL (interaction P = 3.1 × 10-8), and replicated in the same direction in CAMP white children and CAMP Hispanic children (combined interaction P = .0065 for replication cohorts and 7.4 × 10-9 for all cohorts). Rs117902240 was positively associated with FEV1 in children exposed to low dust mite allergen levels, but negatively associated with FEV1 in children exposed to high levels. This SNP is on chromosome 8q24, adjacent to a binding site for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta, a transcription factor that forms part of the IL-17 signaling pathway. None of the SNPs identified for FEV1/forced vital capacity replicated in the independent cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Dust mite allergen exposure modifies the estimated effect of rs117902240 on FEV1 in children with asthma. Analysis of existing data suggests that this SNP may have transcription factor regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Joanne Sordillo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - John Brehm
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Takis Benos
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Qi Yan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Lydiana Avila
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Manuel Soto-Quirós
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Michelle M Cloutier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn
| | | | - Maria Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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12
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Schramm A, Jasiewicz-Honkisz B, Osmenda G, Wilk G, Siedlinski M, Sagan A, Matusik PT, Maciag J, Sliwa T, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Mikolajczyk TP. Th 17 responses are not altered by natural exposure to seasonal allergens in pollen-sensitive patients. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2016; 12:55. [PMID: 27799958 PMCID: PMC5078933 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-016-0157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis affects 10–30 % of the global population and this number is likely to increase in the forthcoming years. Moreover, it commonly co-exists with allergic asthma as a chronic allergic respiratory syndrome. While the involvement of Th2 cells in allergy is well understood, alterations of pro-inflammatory Th17 responses remain poorly characterized. The aim of our study was to determine whether natural seasonal allergen exposure causes changes in T cell subset characteristics in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Methods Sixteen patients with allergic rhinitis/atopic asthma (9M, 7F; age 31.8 ± 12.1) and 16 healthy controls were recruited into the study (9M, 7F; age 31.2 ± 5.3). Blood samples were collected from the patients 1–3 months before pollen season (visit 1), within 7 days of the appearance of pollen/initiation of allergic symptoms (visit 2) and 2 weeks after visit 2 following the introduction of symptomatic treatment with antihistamines (visit 3). Flow cytometry was used to assess major T cell subsets (naïve, central memory, effector memory and CD45RA+ effector) and key T cell cytokine production (IFNγ, IL-17A, TNF and IL-4) using intracellular staining. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t test. Results As expected, an increase in the percentage of IL‐4+ CD4+ cells was observed during natural pollen exposure in patients with allergic respiratory syndrome. No significant changes were observed in the production of other cytokines, including Th17 cells, which tended to be lower than in the control population but unchanged during pollen exposure. Introduction of antihistamine treatment led to only moderate changes in cytokine production from CD4 and CD8 T cells. Selective changes in CD8+ T cells were observed during natural pollen exposure including a decrease in transient cells (with features of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ cells) and a decrease in the percentage of central memory cells in the peripheral circulation. Within the CD4 cell group the total percentage of CD45RA positive CD4 cells was increased during pollen exposure. Conclusions Th1 and Th17 responses are not altered during pollen season but allergen exposure affects T cell activation and memory cell status in patients with allergic respiratory syndrome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13223-016-0157-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Schramm
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Jasiewicz-Honkisz
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Osmenda
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wilk
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sagan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland ; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pawel T Matusik
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Maciag
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwa
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Dental Prophylaxis and Experimental Dentistry, Dental School, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland ; Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, School of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Skarbowa 1, 31-121 Cracow, Poland ; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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13
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Nelson HS, Makatsori M, Calderon MA. Subcutaneous Immunotherapy and Sublingual Immunotherapy: Comparative Efficacy, Current and Potential Indications, and Warnings--United States Versus Europe. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2016; 36:13-24. [PMID: 26617224 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy are effective for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma and with some support for use in selected patients with atopic dermatitis. The sequence of immunologic responses is the same, irrespective of the route of administration, and similar disease modification has been demonstrated. However, there are differences between the two approaches. The most important is the greatly reduced likelihood of sublingual immunotherapy producing systemic reactions. There are major drawbacks for sublingual immunotherapy in regard to dosing. Finally, there is the question of relative clinical efficacy, with the currently available data favoring subcutaneous immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold S Nelson
- National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Melina Makatsori
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital NHS Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Moises A Calderon
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital NHS Trust, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK; Department of Internal Medicine and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica, USA
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14
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Zissler UM, Esser-von Bieren J, Jakwerth CA, Chaker AM, Schmidt-Weber CB. Current and future biomarkers in allergic asthma. Allergy 2016; 71:475-94. [PMID: 26706728 DOI: 10.1111/all.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis early in life, sensitization, asthma endotypes, monitoring of disease and treatment progression are key motivations for the exploration of biomarkers for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. The number of genes related to allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma increases steadily; however, prognostic genes have not yet entered clinical application. We hypothesize that the combination of multiple genes may generate biomarkers with prognostic potential. The current review attempts to group more than 161 different potential biomarkers involved in respiratory inflammation to pave the way for future classifiers. The potential biomarkers are categorized into either epithelial or infiltrate-derived or mixed origin, epithelial biomarkers. Furthermore, surface markers were grouped into cell-type-specific categories. The current literature provides multiple biomarkers for potential asthma endotypes that are related to T-cell phenotypes such as Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and Tregs and their lead cytokines. Eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma endotypes are also classified by epithelium-derived CCL-26 and osteopontin, respectively. There are currently about 20 epithelium-derived biomarkers exclusively derived from epithelium, which are likely to innovate biomarker panels as they are easy to sample. This article systematically reviews and categorizes genes and collects current evidence that may promote these biomarkers to become part of allergic rhinitis or allergic asthma classifiers with high prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - J. Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - C. A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - A. M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; Medical School; Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - C. B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM); Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
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15
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Liu Y, Zeng M, Liu Z. Th17 response and its regulation in inflammatory upper airway diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:602-12. [PMID: 25048954 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are two widely prevalent inflammatory diseases in the upper airways. T cell immunity has been suggested to play an important pathogenic role in many chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory upper airway diseases. Inappropriate CD4(+) T cell responses, especially the dysregulation of the Th1/Th2 balance leading to excessive Th1 or Th2 cell activation, have been associated with allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that IL-17A and IL-17A-producing Th17 cell subset, a distinct pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cell lineage, may also play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory upper airway diseases. Th17 cells may promote both eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation in AR and CRS. In addition, a few, but accumulating evidence shows that the Th17 responses can be tightly regulated by endogenous and exogenous substances in the context of AR and CRS. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the expression and function of the Th17 response and its regulation in inflammatory upper airway diseases, and the perspective for future investigation and clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Sarre C, González-Hernández A, Van Coppernolle S, Grit R, Grauwet K, Van Meulder F, Chiers K, Van den Broeck W, Geldhof P, Claerebout E. Comparative immune responses against Psoroptes ovis in two cattle breeds with different susceptibility to mange. Vet Res 2015; 46:131. [PMID: 26582546 PMCID: PMC4652412 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sheep scab mite, Psoroptes ovis, is a major problem in the beef cattle industry, especially in Belgian Blue (BB) cattle. This breed is naturally more predisposed to psoroptic mange but reasons for this high susceptibility remain unknown. Different immune responses could be a potential cause; thus in this study, the cutaneous immune response and in vitro cellular immune response after antigen re-stimulation were examined in naturally infested BB. Cytokine production in the skin and in circulating re-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) demonstrated a mixed pro-inflammatory Th2/Th17 profile, with transcription of IL-4, IL-13, IL-6 and IL-17. Strong IL-17 up-regulation in the skin of BB was associated with an influx of eosinophils and other immune cells, potentially leading towards more severe symptoms. Virtually no changes in cutaneous IFN-γ transcription were detected, while there was substantial IFN-γ up-regulation in re-stimulated PBMC from infested and uninfested animals, potentially indicating a role of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in the innate immune response. In Holstein–Friesian (HF) cattle, generally more resistant to P. ovis infection, a largely similar immunologic response was observed. Differences between HF and BB were the lack of cutaneous IL-17 response in infested HF and low transcription levels of IFN-γ and high IL-10 transcription in re-stimulated PBMC from both infested and uninfested animals. Further research is needed to identify potential cell sources and biological functions for these cytokines and to fully unravel the basis of this different breed susceptibility to P. ovis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Sarre
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ana González-Hernández
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Stefanie Van Coppernolle
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Rika Grit
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Korneel Grauwet
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Van Meulder
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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17
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Czarnowicki T, Malajian D, Khattri S, Correa da Rosa J, Dutt R, Finney R, Dhingra N, Xiangyu P, Xu H, Estrada YD, Zheng X, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Suaréz-Fariñas M, Shemer A, Krueger JG, Guttman-Yassky E. Petrolatum: Barrier repair and antimicrobial responses underlying this "inert" moisturizer. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1091-1102.e7. [PMID: 26431582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Petrolatum is a common moisturizer often used in the prevention of skin infections after ambulatory surgeries and as a maintenance therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the molecular responses induced by petrolatum in the skin have never been assessed. OBJECTIVE We sought to define the cutaneous molecular and structural effects induced by petrolatum. METHODS Thirty-six healthy subjects and 13 patients with moderate AD (mean SCORAD score, 39) were studied by using RT-PCR, gene arrays, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence performed on control skin, petrolatum-occluded skin, and skin occluded with a Finn chamber only. RESULTS Significant upregulations of antimicrobial peptides (S100A8/fold change [FCH], 13.04; S100A9/FCH, 11.28; CCL20/FCH, 8.36; PI3 [elafin]/FCH, 15.40; lipocalin 2/FCH, 6.94, human β-defensin 2 [DEFB4A]/FCH, 4.96; P < .001 for all) and innate immune genes (IL6, IL8, and IL1B; P < .01) were observed in petrolatum-occluded skin compared with expression in both control and occluded-only skin. Application of petrolatum also induced expression of key barrier differentiation markers (filaggrin and loricrin), increased stratum corneum thickness, and significantly reduced T-cell infiltrates in the setting of "normal-appearing" or nonlesional AD skin, which is known to harbor barrier and immune defects. CONCLUSIONS Petrolatum robustly modulates antimicrobials and epidermal differentiation barrier measures. These data shed light on the beneficial molecular responses of petrolatum in barrier-defective states, such as AD and postoperative wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Czarnowicki
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Dana Malajian
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Saakshi Khattri
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joel Correa da Rosa
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Riana Dutt
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert Finney
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Nikhil Dhingra
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Peng Xiangyu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hui Xu
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Xiuzhong Zheng
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Patricia Gilleaudeau
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mary Sullivan-Whalen
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Mayte Suaréz-Fariñas
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Genetics and Genomics Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Avner Shemer
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Hashomer Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
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18
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Cuppari C, Leonardi S, Manti S, Filippelli M, Alterio T, Spicuzza L, Rigoli L, Arrigo T, Lougaris V, Salpietro C. Allergen immunotherapy, routes of administration and cytokine networks: an update. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:775-86. [PMID: 25186606 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is a disease-modifying therapy, effective for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, conjunctivitis or stinging insect allergy. Allergen immunotherapy involves the administration of increasing doses of allergens with the aim of ameliorating the allergic response. Although precise underlying mechanisms of the induction of immune tolerance remain unclear, immunotherapy has been associated with the induction of distinct subsets of Tregs that eventually lead to peripheral tolerance by inducing a deviation from Th2 to Th1 immune responses. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the mechanisms of immunotherapy in relationship to different routes of administration and also provides a unifying view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics & Immunology, University of Messina, Italy
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