1
|
Rodgers G, Bikis C, Janz P, Tanner C, Schulz G, Thalmann P, Haas CA, Müller B. 3D X-ray Histology for the Investigation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in a Mouse Model. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1730-1745. [PMID: 37584515 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of epilepsy among adults is mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), with seizures often originating in the hippocampus due to abnormal electrical activity. The gold standard for the histopathological analysis of mTLE is histology, which is a two-dimensional technique. To fill this gap, we propose complementary three-dimensional (3D) X-ray histology. Herein, we used synchrotron radiation-based phase-contrast microtomography with 1.6 μm-wide voxels for the post mortem visualization of tissue microstructure in an intrahippocampal-kainate mouse model for mTLE. We demonstrated that the 3D X-ray histology of unstained, unsectioned, paraffin-embedded brain hemispheres can identify hippocampal sclerosis through the loss of pyramidal neurons in the first and third regions of the Cornu ammonis as well as granule cell dispersion within the dentate gyrus. Morphology and density changes during epileptogenesis were quantified by segmentations from a deep convolutional neural network. Compared to control mice, the total dentate gyrus volume doubled and the granular layer volume quadrupled 21 days after injecting kainate. Subsequent sectioning of the same mouse brains allowed for benchmarking 3D X-ray histology against well-established histochemical and immunofluorescence stainings. Thus, 3D X-ray histology is a complementary neuroimaging tool to unlock the third dimension for the cellular-resolution histopathological analysis of mTLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Rodgers
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Integrierte Psychiatrie Winterthur-Zürcher Unterland, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Janz
- Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Tanner
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Core Facility Micro- and Nanotomography, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Peter Thalmann
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Carola A Haas
- Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jansing NL, Patel N, McClendon J, Redente EF, Henson PM, Tuder RM, Hyde DM, Nyengaard JR, Zemans RL. Flow Cytometry Underestimates and Planimetry Overestimates Alveolar Epithelial Type 2 Cell Expansion after Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019. [PMID: 29533675 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1838le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth F Redente
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Dallas M Hyde
- 4 University of California at Davis Davis, California and
| | | | - Rachel L Zemans
- 1 National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado.,2 University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan.,3 University of Colorado Denver Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
DZHURAEV GEORGY, RODRÍGUEZ‐CASTILLO JOSÉALBERTO, RUIZ‐CAMP JORDI, SALWIG ISABELLE, SZIBOR MARTIN, VADÁSZ ISTVÁN, HEROLD SUSANNE, BRAUN THOMAS, AHLBRECHT KATRIN, ATZBERGER ANN, MÜHLFELD CHRISTIAN, SEEGER WERNER, MORTY RORYE. Estimation of absolute number of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells in mouse lungs: a comparison between stereology and flow cytometry. J Microsc 2019; 275:36-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- GEORGY DZHURAEV
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - JOSÉ ALBERTO RODRÍGUEZ‐CASTILLO
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - JORDI RUIZ‐CAMP
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - ISABELLE SALWIG
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodellingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - MARTIN SZIBOR
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodellingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - ISTVÁN VADÁSZ
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - SUSANNE HEROLD
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - THOMAS BRAUN
- Department of Cardiac Development and RemodellingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - KATRIN AHLBRECHT
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - ANN ATZBERGER
- Flow Cytometry UnitMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Bad Nauheim Germany
| | - CHRISTIAN MÜHLFELD
- Hannover Medical SchoolInstitute of Functional and Applied Anatomy Hannover Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Hannover Germany
| | - WERNER SEEGER
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| | - RORY E. MORTY
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) and German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Giessen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brown DL. Bias in image analysis and its solution: unbiased stereology. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:183-191. [PMID: 28798525 PMCID: PMC5545670 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human eye is excellent for pattern recognition, it often lacks the sensitivity to detect subtle changes in particle density. Because of this, quantitative evaluation may be required in some studies. A common type of quantitative assessment used for routine toxicology studies is two-dimensional histomorphometry. Although this technique can provide additional information about the tissue section being examined, it does not give information about the tissue as a whole. Furthermore, it produces biased (inaccurate) data that does not take into account the size, shape, or orientation of particles. In contrast, stereology is a technique that utilizes stringent sampling methods to obtain three-dimensional information about the entire tissue that is unbiased. The purpose of this review is to illuminate the sources of bias with two-dimensional morphometry, how it can affect the data, and how that bias is minimized with stereology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Brown
- Charles River Laboratories, Pathology Associates, 4025 Stirrup Creek Drive, Suite 150, Durham, NC 27703, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Airway remodeling in asthma: what really matters. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:551-569. [PMID: 28190087 PMCID: PMC5320023 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodeling is generally quite broadly defined as any change in composition, distribution, thickness, mass or volume and/or number of structural components observed in the airway wall of patients relative to healthy individuals. However, two types of airway remodeling should be distinguished more clearly: (1) physiological airway remodeling, which encompasses structural changes that occur regularly during normal lung development and growth leading to a normal mature airway wall or as an acute and transient response to injury and/or inflammation, which ultimately results in restoration of a normal airway structures; and (2) pathological airway remodeling, which comprises those structural alterations that occur as a result of either disturbed lung development or as a response to chronic injury and/or inflammation leading to persistently altered airway wall structures and function. This review will address a few major aspects: (1) what are reliable quantitative approaches to assess airway remodeling? (2) Are there any indications supporting the notion that airway remodeling can occur as a primary event, i.e., before any inflammatory process was initiated? (3) What is known about airway remodeling being a secondary event to inflammation? And (4), what can we learn from the different animal models ranging from invertebrate to primate models in the study of airway remodeling? Future studies are required addressing particularly pheno-/endotype-specific aspects of airway remodeling using both endotype-specific animal models and “endotyped” human asthmatics. Hopefully, novel in vivo imaging techniques will be further advanced to allow monitoring development, growth and inflammation of the airways already at a very early stage in life.
Collapse
|
6
|
Brandenberger C, Ochs M, Mühlfeld C. Assessing particle and fiber toxicology in the respiratory system: the stereology toolbox. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:35. [PMID: 26521139 PMCID: PMC4628359 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhalation of airborne particles can lead to pathological changes in the respiratory tract. For this reason, toxicology studies on effects of inhalable particles and fibers often include an assessment of histopathological alterations in the upper respiratory tract, the trachea and/or the lungs. Conventional pathological evaluations are usually performed by scoring histological lesions in order to obtain "quantitative" information and an estimation of the severity of the lesion. This approach not only comprises a potential subjective bias, depending on the examiner's judgment, but also conveys the risk that mild alterations escape the investigator's eye. The most accurate way of obtaining unbiased quantitative information about three-dimensional (3D) features of tissues, cells, or organelles from two-dimensional physical or optical sections is by means of stereology, the gold standard of image-based morphometry. Nevertheless, it can be challenging to express histopathological changes by morphometric parameters such as volume, surface, length or number only. In this review we therefore provide an overview on different histopathological lesions in the respiratory tract associated with particle and fiber toxicology and on how to apply stereological methods in order to correctly quantify and interpret histological lesions in the respiratory tract. The article further aims at pointing out common pitfalls in quantitative histopathology and at providing some suggestions on how respiratory toxicology can be improved by stereology. Thus, we hope that this article will stimulate scientists in particle and fiber toxicology research to implement stereological techniques in their studies, thereby promoting an unbiased 3D assessment of pathological lesions associated with particle exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|