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Staton T, Girling RD, Redak RA, Smith SM, Allison JD. Can morphological traits explain species-specific differences in meta-analyses? A case study of forest beetles. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023:e2838. [PMID: 36911981 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses have become a valuable tool with which to synthesize effects across studies, but in ecology and evolution, they are often characterized by high heterogeneity, where effect sizes vary between studies. Much of this heterogeneity can be attributed to species-specific differences in responses to predictor variables. Here, we aimed to incorporate a novel trait-based approach to explain species-specific differences in a meta-analysis by testing the ability of morphological traits to explain why the effectiveness of flight-intercept trap design varies according to beetle species, a critical issue in forest pest management. An existing morphological trait database for forest beetles was supplemented, providing trait data for 97 species, while data from a previous meta-analysis on capture rates of bark or woodboring beetles according to different trap designs were updated. We combined these sources by including nine morphological traits as moderators in meta-analysis models, for five different components of trap design. Traits were selected based on theoretical hypotheses relating to beetle movement, maneuverability, and sensory perception. We compared the performance of morphological traits as moderators versus guild, taxonomic family, and null meta-analysis models. Morphological traits for the effect of trap type (panel vs. multiple-funnel) on beetle capture rates improved model fit (AICc ), reduced within-study variance (σ2 ), and explained more variation (McFadden's pseudo-R2 ) compared with null, guild, and taxonomic family models. For example, morphological trait models explained 10% more of the variance (pseudo-R2 ) when compared with a null model. However, using traits was less informative to explain how detailed elements of trap design such as surface treatment and color influence capture rates. The reduction of within-study variance when accounting for morphological traits demonstrates their potential value for explaining species-specific differences. Morphological traits associated with flight efficiency, maneuverability, and eye size were particularly informative for explaining the effectiveness of trap type. This could lead to improved predictability of optimal trap design according to species. Therefore, morphological traits could be a valuable tool for understanding species-specific differences in community ecology, but other causes of heterogeneity across studies, such as forest type and structure, require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Staton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Institute of Forestry & Conservation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robbie D Girling
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Richard A Redak
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sandy M Smith
- Institute of Forestry & Conservation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy D Allison
- Institute of Forestry & Conservation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Queffelec J, Sullivan B, Mckenney JL, Allison JD. No Evidence of Responding Individuals Constraining the Evolution of the Pheromone Signal in the Pine Engraver Ips avulsus. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:11-17. [PMID: 36495363 PMCID: PMC9941236 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemical signals are important mediators of interactions within forest ecosystems. In insects, pheromone signals mediate intraspecific interactions such as mate location and acceptance. The evolution of pheromones in insects has been mostly studied from a theoretical perspective in the Lepidoptera. With this study, we aimed to broaden our understanding of pheromone communication in bark beetles. We first demonstrated that the enantiomeric ratios of ipsdienol produced by male I. avulsus, showed little variation. Subsequently, with field trapping trials we characterized the influence of the enantiomeric ratio of ipsdienol (pheromone component of I. avulsus) on I. avulsus captures and observed a great amount of variation in the receiver preference function. Most importantly, we demonstrated that responding individuals responded indiscriminately to all the enantiomeric ratios produced by the emitting individuals. These observations are consistent with the asymmetric tracking model which postulates that if the limiting sex is the emitting sex, responding individuals should not discriminate between emitted ratios. Consequently, responding individuals do not constrain the evolution of the signal. Our data suggest that, in I. avulsus, the composition of the aggregation pheromone signal might be more responsive to external selection forces, such as predation and metabolic constraints, as suggested by the asymmetric tracking model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joséphine Queffelec
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.
| | - Brian Sullivan
- U.S. Forest Service, USDA, Southern Research Station, Pineville, USA
| | | | - Jeremy D Allison
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, P6A2E5, Sault Ste. Marie, ON Canada ,Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa ,Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
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3
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Olenici N, Duduman ML, Popa I, Isaia G, Paraschiv M. Geographical Distribution of Three Forest Invasive Beetle Species in Romania. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070621. [PMID: 35886797 PMCID: PMC9316972 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg, 1836), Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) and Neoclytus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1775) are invasive species reported in Romania, but their current distribution is poorly known. The research aim was to provide new information on this issue. A survey was conducted over the period 2015–2017 in 82 locations, using flight-interception traps and bottle traps, baited with different attractants. Data obtained in our other unpublished studies were also taken into account. A total of 35,136 I. duplicatus beetles were collected in 30 survey locations. The highest captures were in the log yards of some factories processing logs of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Considering all known records so far, most of these are in the eastern part of Romania, where an outbreak took place during the years 2005–2014, mainly in spruce stands growing outside their natural range. During the survey, 4259 specimens of X. germanus were collected in 35 locations, but in our other studies the species was found in 13 additional places. It was collected at altitudes of 18–1200 m, and the largest catches were from beech stands, growing at 450–950 m. N. acuminatus was found in only six locations, in the western and southern parts of the country, at low altitudes, in tree stands composed of Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus spp. and other broadleaf species, as well as in broadleaf log yards. The results suggest that I. duplicatus is established in most parts of the Norway spruce’s range, X. germanus is still spreading in the country, with some areas having quite high populations, while N. acuminatus is present only in the warmest regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Olenici
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Drăcea”, Campulung Moldovenesc Station, Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, 725100 Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania; (N.O.); (I.P.)
| | - Mihai-Leonard Duduman
- Applied Ecology Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Universității Street 13, 720229 Suceava, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ionel Popa
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Drăcea”, Campulung Moldovenesc Station, Calea Bucovinei 73 bis, 725100 Campulung Moldovenesc, Romania; (N.O.); (I.P.)
| | - Gabriela Isaia
- Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering, “Transilvania” University of Brasov, Șirul Beethoven 1, 500123 Brașov, Romania;
| | - Marius Paraschiv
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Dracea”, Brasov Station, Closca 13, 500040 Brasov, Romania;
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The Effect of Trap Color on Catches of Monochamus galloprovincialis and Three Most Numerous Non-Target Insect Species. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030220. [PMID: 35323518 PMCID: PMC8956112 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The pine sawyer, Monochamus galloprovincialis, is a longhorned beetle widespread in Europe. It develops in severely weakened, dying, or recently dead pine trees. The importance of M. galloprovincialis has increased since it was shown to be a vector of the alien and invasive pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which can kill pines within a year. Pheromone traps are the most useful tools for monitoring M. galloprovincialis. While black traps are most commonly used, the objective of our studies was to test the attractiveness of different colors to immature and mature M. galloprovincialis and three non-target species. The results could be useful in selecting an optimal color that is attractive to M. galloprovincialis, but minimizes bycatch of non-target insects. A total of twenty colors were tested, including nine colors tested in the field, using cross-vane traps. The unpainted white traps were found to be most attractive to M. galloprovincialis and can be used to increase catches of this insect. However, the predatory beetles Thanasimus spp. responded to the trap color in the same way as M. galloprovincialis; therefore, either trap design or lure composition should be modified to reduce the impact on these beneficial insects. Abstract Black pheromone-baited traps are commonly used for monitoring Monochamus galloprovincialis, a vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, although few studies have been conducted on its response to color (black, white, and clear). The objective of our studies was to evaluate the attractiveness of different colors to M. galloprovincialis and non-target species: Spondylis buprestoides and predatory Thanasimus formicarius and T. femoralis. Laboratory tests of fifteen colors against immature and mature M. galloprovincialis revealed some differences in their color preference. In two field tests, eight colors of coroplast vanes in cross-vane traps were compared with unpainted white (a reference (RF)). The first test confirmed the laboratory results, i.e., RF was slightly more attractive to M. galloprovincialis than pastel yellow, reseda green, and cyan blue, but trap color had no significant effect on any of the insect species studied. In the second test, the attractiveness of RF was highest and significantly different from pure white (for all four species), light blue, and pine green (except S. buprestoides). Overall, the unpainted white traps appeared to be most effective in catching M. galloprovincialis. Thanasimus spp. responded to the colors similarly to M. galloprovincialis; therefore, either trap design or lure composition should be modified to reduce their catches.
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Dodds KJ, DiGirolomo MF. Effect of Cleaning Multiple-Funnel Traps on Captures of Bark and Woodboring Beetles in Northeastern United States. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11100702. [PMID: 33066692 PMCID: PMC7602418 DOI: 10.3390/insects11100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Semiochemical-baited traps are used to survey insect communities and detect invasive species. These traps are left in the field during the growing season where large amounts of pollen and other debris can build up on smooth trapping surfaces. There was a concern this buildup would provide an escape route for some insects and interfere with trapping results. We tested the effects of this pollen buildup on captures of bark and woodboring beetles in northeastern forests in two experiments. While many beetles did not respond to treatments, we found a positive effect of trap cleaning for three bark beetles and one cerambycid species. The response of other species was more nuanced. Abstract Two experiments were conducted in mixed hardwood-conifer forests in the northeastern United States to test the effects of cleaning surfactant and non-surfactant treated multiple-funnel traps used to catch bark and woodboring beetles. Large amounts of pollen and other debris often form a crust on the interior of traps (personal observations). Such surface deposits may provide footholds for beetles to escape capture in traps. In one experiment, we tested cleaned surfactant and non-surfactant traps against non-cleaned surfactant and non-surfactant traps. In a second experiment, we tested field cleaning of modified multiple-funnel traps as an alternative to substituting clean traps on each collection visit. There was no effect of surfactant treated traps, cleaned or not, on total beetles or individual bark beetle species captured. However, in situ cleaned traps were statistically better at capturing total beetles, total bark beetles, and several bark beetle species than non-cleaned control traps. Surfactant-treated non-modified traps and cleaned modified traps had higher species richness and abundance than other treatments at the site level. Our results suggest that cleaning traps to remove accumulated pollen and debris may be helpful for some species but would have limited benefit for broad-scale trapping of bark and woodboring beetles in northeastern forests.
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Impact of Horizontal Edge-Interior and Vertical Canopy-Understory Gradients on the Abundance and Diversity of Bark and Woodboring Beetles in Survey Traps. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090573. [PMID: 32858948 PMCID: PMC7564748 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Traps baited with sex attractants and plant odors are used by regulatory agencies to survey for alien invasive forest insects that may arrive via importation of goods from overseas. The performance of these surveys is affected not only by the type of traps and attractants used, but also by where the traps are placed at survey sites. We tested the effect of trap position along horizontal (relative to the forest edge) and vertical (canopy-understory) forest gradients on the diversity and abundance of species of bark and wood boring beetles detected. Both horizontal and vertical trap position affected trap performance, but trends differed among taxa and were context-dependent. For example, jewel beetles were detected mainly in canopy traps regardless of horizontal position, whereas bark and ambrosia beetles were detected mainly in understory traps placed along the forest edge. For optimal early detection of potentially invasive bark and wood boring beetles, surveys should place traps at multiple locations along horizontal and vertical gradients. Abstract Semiochemical-baited intercept traps are important tools used to collect information about the presence/absence and population dynamics of forest insects. The performance of these tools is influenced by trap location along both horizontal edge–interior and vertical understory–canopy gradients. Consequently, the development of survey and detection programs requires both the development of effective traps and semiochemical lures but also deployment protocols to guide their use. We used field trapping experiments to examine the impact of both horizontal edge–interior and vertical understory–canopy gradients and their interactions with the species richness and abundance of Buprestidae, Cerambycidae and Curculionidae. Both gradients had significant effects on the diversity and abundance of all three families collected in traps and the pattern of gradient effects differed between the two experiments. In the first experiment, traps were deployed along transects involving large (>100 m) forest gaps and in the second experiment traps transected small (ca. 15 m) forest gaps. These results were consistent with the idea that gradient effects on the abundance and diversity of these three families of forest Coleoptera are context dependent. The results of this study suggest that monitoring programs for bark and woodboring beetles should deploy traps at multiple locations along both vertical understory–canopy and horizontal edge–interior gradients.
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7
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Pheromone Chemistry of the Citrus Borer, Diploschema rotundicolle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:809-819. [PMID: 32761298 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The citrus borer, Diploschema rotundicolle, is a Neotropical longhorn beetle that has become a serious citrus pest in southern South America. Management strategies for this insect rely on trimming off damaged shoots, which is expensive and inefficient. We studied the chemical communication system in D. rotundicolle in search of attractants for monitoring or control. GC-MS and enantioselective GC analyses of volatile extracts from field-collected adults showed that males produce (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, irregularly accompanied by minor amounts of 2,3-hexanediol (all four stereoisomers) and 2,3-hexanedione. Males emit the compounds only at night, when the adults are active. GC-EAD analyses of natural and synthetic compounds showed that both male and female antennae respond to the natural enantiomer (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, suggesting that it may function as an aggregation-sex pheromone as seen in many cerambycines. The non-natural (S) enantiomer as well as the minor component 2,3-hexanediol did not trigger antennal responses. Field tests with the racemic 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, enantiomerically pure (R)-3-hydroxy-2-hexanone, as well as a mixture of racemic 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone and 2,3-hexanediol, showed in all cases low capture levels of D. rotundicolle. However, increasing the elevation of the trap and the emission rate of dispensers enhanced field captures in traps baited with racemic hydroxyketone. Incidental catches of another native cerambycine, Retrachydes thoracicus, in traps baited with 3-hydroxy-2-hexanone are also reported. This is the first report of pheromone chemistry in the genus Diploschema and in the tribe Torneutini, reaffirming the pheromone parsimony well established for the Cerambycinae. Potential factors explaining the weak attraction of D. rotundicolle in the field are discussed.
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8
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Eliott M, Lawson S, Hayes A, Debuse V, York A, Lewis T. The response of cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to long-term fire frequency regimes in subtropical eucalypt forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyn Eliott
- School of Science; Faculty of Science, Health, Education & Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; 90 Sippy Downs Dr Sippy Downs Queensland 4556 Australia
| | - Simon Lawson
- Forest Industries Research Centre; University of the Sunshine Coast; Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Forest Industries Research Centre; Ecosciences Precinct; Dutton Park Queensland Australia
| | - Andrew Hayes
- Forest Industries Research Centre; University of the Sunshine Coast; Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Forest Industries Research Centre; Ecosciences Precinct; Dutton Park Queensland Australia
| | - Valerie Debuse
- Forest Industries Research Centre; University of the Sunshine Coast; Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Forest Industries Research Centre; Ecosciences Precinct; Dutton Park Queensland Australia
| | - Alan York
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences; University of Melbourne; Creswick Victoria Australia
| | - Tom Lewis
- School of Science; Faculty of Science, Health, Education & Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; 90 Sippy Downs Dr Sippy Downs Queensland 4556 Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Forest Industries Research Centre; Ecosciences Precinct; Dutton Park Queensland Australia
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9
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Millar JG, Mitchell RF, Mongold-Diers JA, Zou Y, Bográn CE, Fierke MK, Ginzel MD, Johnson CW, Meeker JR, Poland TM, Ragenovich I, Hanks LM. Identifying Possible Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles by Field Testing Known Pheromone Components in Four Widely Separated Regions of the United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:252-259. [PMID: 29228303 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pheromone components of many cerambycid beetles appear to be broadly shared among related species, including species native to different regions of the world. This apparent conservation of pheromone structures within the family suggests that field trials of common pheromone components could be used as a means of attracting multiple species, which then could be targeted for full identification of their pheromones. Here, we describe the results of such field trials that were conducted in nine states in the northeastern, midwestern, southern, and western United States. Traps captured 12,742 cerambycid beetles of 153 species and subspecies. Species attracted in significant numbers to a particular treatment (some in multiple regions) included 19 species in the subfamily Cerambycinae, 15 species in the Lamiinae, one species in the Prioninae, and two species in the Spondylidinae. Pheromones or likely pheromones for many of these species, such as 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and syn- and anti-2,3-hexanediols for cerambycine species, and fuscumol and/or fuscumol acetate for lamiine species, had already been identified. New information about attractants (in most cases likely pheromone components) was found for five cerambycine species (Ancylocera bicolor [Olivier], Elaphidion mucronatum [Say], Knulliana cincta cincta [Drury], Phymatodes aeneus LeConte, and Rusticoclytus annosus emotus [Brown]), and five lamiine species (Ecyrus dasycerus dasycerus [Say], Lepturges symmetricus [Haldeman], Sternidius misellus [LeConte], Styloleptus biustus biustus [LeConte], and Urgleptes signatus [LeConte]). Consistent attraction of some species to the same compounds in independent bioassays demonstrated the utility and reliability of pheromone-based methods for sampling cerambycid populations across broad spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Robert F Mitchell
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | | | - Melissa K Fierke
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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10
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Wong JCH, Meier LR, Zou Y, Mongold-Diers JA, Hanks LM. Evaluation of Methods Used in Testing Attraction of Cerambycid Beetles to Pheromone-Baited Traps. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:2269-2274. [PMID: 28961893 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe several field experiments that evaluated potential problems with current methods of trapping cerambycid beetles using panel traps baited with synthesized pheromones. Positioning traps at least 5 m apart in linear transects was effective in preventing unbaited traps from intercepting beetles that were flying to baited traps, which would result in interference between treatments. There was no evidence that traps baited with a strong attractant drew beetles away from traps baited with weaker attractants, which would lead to the erroneous conclusion that the latter have no activity. Unbaited panel traps were minimally attractive to cerambycid beetles, and unlikely to intercept them passively in flight. Finally, dose-response experiments revealed that trap catch of cerambycids was positively associated with pheromone release rates. Overall, our results generally validated current methods of trapping cerambycids using traps baited with pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C H Wong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Linnea R Meier
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | | | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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11
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Žunič Kosi A, Zou Y, Hoskovec M, Vrezec A, Stritih N, Millar JG. Novel, male-produced aggregation pheromone of the cerambycid beetle Rosalia alpina, a priority species of European conservation concern. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183279. [PMID: 28827817 PMCID: PMC5565183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have demonstrated the great potential for exploiting semiochemicals in ecology and conservation studies. The cerambycid beetle Rosalia alpina represents one of the flagship species of saproxylic insect biodiversity in Europe. In recent years its populations appear to have declined substantially, and its range has shrunk considerably as a result of forest management and urbanization. Here, we collected volatile chemicals released by males and females of R. alpina. Analyses of the resulting extracts revealed the presence of a single male-specific compound, identified as a novel alkylated pyrone structure. In field bioassays in Slovenia, traps baited with the synthesized pyrone captured both sexes of R. alpina, indicating that the pyrone functions as an aggregation pheromone. Our results represent the first example of a new structural class of pheromones within the Cerambycidae, and demonstrate that pheromone-baited traps can provide a useful tool for sampling R. alpina. This tool could be particularly useful in the ongoing development of conservation strategies for the iconic but endangered Alpine longicorn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alenka Žunič Kosi
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yunfan Zou
- University of California, Department of Entomology, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Michal Hoskovec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Stritih
- National Institute of Biology, Department of Organisms and Ecosystem Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- University of California, Department of Entomology, Riverside, California, United States of America
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12
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Allison JD, Redak RA. The Impact of Trap Type and Design Features on Survey and Detection of Bark and Woodboring Beetles and Their Associates: A Review and Meta-Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:127-146. [PMID: 27813665 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A large literature on the survey and detection of forest Coleoptera and their associates exists. Identification of patterns in the effect of trap types and design features among guilds and families of forest insects would facilitate the optimization and development of intercept traps for use in management programs. We reviewed the literature on trapping bark and woodboring beetles and their associates and conducted meta-analyses to examine patterns in effects across guilds and families; we observed the following general patterns: (a) Panel traps were superior to multiple-funnel traps, (b) bark beetles and woodborers were captured in higher numbers in traps treated with a surface treatment to make them slippery than untreated traps,
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Allison
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada;
| | - Richard A Redak
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, 92521
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13
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Berkvens N, Waeyenberge L, Casteels H, de Sutter N, Inácio M, Fontes A, Boone C, Grégoire JC, Viaene N. Effects of the wet catching method on the detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from trapped longhorn beetle vectors. NEMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes pine wilt disease and is transmitted by Monochamus beetles. An efficient trapping system for these organisms is essential for their early detection in threatened regions. A wet catching method, using monoethylene glycol (MEG) in a collecting cup to preserve captured insects, was suitable for catching longhorn beetles. As a second step in developing this technique, we studied the influence of MEG on nematode detection. When M. galloprovincialis carrying PWN were submerged in MEG, nematodes died within 24 h. The preservative altered certain morphological features of nematodes immersed in solutions of 10, 30 or 60% MEG, impeding their morphological identification. However, molecular identification was possible as long as the MEG concentration was below 70%. At higher concentrations, a rinsing step with water before DNA extraction was enough to allow molecular detection. Wet trapping requires less frequent monitoring than dry trapping, thus reducing maintenance and related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Berkvens
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Health Unit, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lieven Waeyenberge
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Health Unit, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans Casteels
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Health Unit, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nancy de Sutter
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Health Unit, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maria Lurdes Inácio
- National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, Department of Forest Pathology, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Fontes
- National Institute for Agriculture and Veterinary Research, Department of Forest Pathology, Avenida da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Celia Boone
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Lutte Biologiques et Ecologie Spatiale – CP160/12, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Grégoire
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Lutte Biologiques et Ecologie Spatiale – CP160/12, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Viaene
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Health Unit, Burgemeester Van Gansberghelaan 96, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Wong JCH, Hanks LM. Influence of Fermenting Bait and Vertical Position of Traps on Attraction of Cerambycid Beetles to Pheromone Lures. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:2145-2150. [PMID: 27567221 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Because larvae of cerambycid beetles feed within woody plants, they are difficult to detect, and are readily transported in lumber and other wooden products. As a result, increasing numbers of exotic cerambycid species are being introduced into new regions of the world through international commerce, and many of these species pose a threat to woody plants in natural and managed forests. There is a great need for effective methods for detecting exotic and potentially invasive cerambycid species, and for monitoring native species for conservation purposes. Here, we describe a field experiment in east-central Illinois which tested whether attraction of beetles to a blend of synthesized cerambycid pheromones would be enhanced by volatiles from fermenting bait composed of crushed fruit, sugars, yeast, and wood chips. A second experiment tested the same treatments, but also assessed how trap catch was influenced by the vertical position of traps within forests (understory versus within the canopy). During the two experiments, 885 cerambycid beetles of 37 species were caught, with Xylotrechus colonus (F.) (subfamily Cerambycinae) being the most numerous (∼52% of total). Adults of several cerambycid species were significantly attracted by the pheromone blend, but the fermenting bait significantly enhanced attraction only for X. colonus and Graphisurus fasciatus (Degeer) (subfamily Lamiinae). Traps in the forest understory caught the greatest number of X. colonus and G. fasciatus, whereas more adults of the cerambycine Neoclytus mucronatus mucronatus (F.) were caught in the forest canopy rather than the understory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C H Wong
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; )
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (; )
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15
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Hanks LM, Millar JG. Sex and Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles: Basic Science and Practical Applications. J Chem Ecol 2016; 42:631-54. [PMID: 27501814 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-016-0733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research since 2004 has shown that the use of volatile attractants and pheromones is widespread in the large beetle family Cerambycidae, with pheromones now identified from more than 100 species, and likely pheromones for many more. The pheromones identified to date from species in the subfamilies Cerambycinae, Spondylidinae, and Lamiinae are all male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones that attract both sexes, whereas all known examples for species in the subfamilies Prioninae and Lepturinae are female-produced sex pheromones that attract only males. Here, we summarize the chemistry of the known pheromones, and the optimal methods for their collection, analysis, and synthesis. Attraction of cerambycids to host plant volatiles, interactions between their pheromones and host plant volatiles, and the implications of pheromone chemistry for invasion biology are discussed. We also describe optimized traps, lures, and operational parameters for practical applications of the pheromones in detection, sampling, and management of cerambycids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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16
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Host plant affects the sexual attractiveness of the female white-spotted longicorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29526. [PMID: 27412452 PMCID: PMC4944169 DOI: 10.1038/srep29526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest that destroys various landscape and crop trees in Japan. We evaluated the precopulatory responses of three different A. malasiaca populations collected from mandarin orange, willow and blueberry trees. Most of the males accepted mates from within the same host plant population as well as females from the willow and blueberry populations. However, significant number of males from the blueberry and willow populations rejected females from the mandarin orange population immediately after touching them with their antennae. Because all three of the female populations produced contact sex pheromones on their elytra, the females of the mandarin orange population were predicted to possess extra chemicals that repelled the males of the other two populations. β-Elemene was identified as a key component that was only found in mandarin orange-fed females and induced a rejection response in willow-fed males. Our results represent the first example of a female-acquired repellent against conspecific males of different host plant populations, indicating that the host plant greatly affects the female’s sexual attractiveness.
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17
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Allison JD, Graham EE, Poland TM, Strom BL. Dilution of Fluon Before Trap Surface Treatment Has No Effect on Longhorned Beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Captures. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:1215-1219. [PMID: 27106229 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have observed that trap captures of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) can be increased by treating the surface of intercept traps with a lubricant. In addition to being expensive, these treatments can alter the spectral properties of intercept traps when applied neat. These surface treatments, particularly Fluon, are commonly used diluted as a low friction coating to prevent insects from climbing out of rearing containers. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of diluting Fluon on the spectral properties of treated corrugated plastic traps and the capture of longhorned beetles including Monochamus scutellatus (Say), Monochamus mutator (LeConte), and Monochamus notatus (Drury). Intercept panel traps were baited with attractant semiochemicals and treated with either undiluted (i.e., 100%) Fluon, a 1:1 mixture of Fluon and water (50%), a 1:9 mixture of Fluon and water (10%), or untreated. There were no obvious differences in the relative reflectance of untreated black Coroplast plastic or black Coroplast plastic treated with 50 or 10% Fluon. Traps treated with 100% Fluon had similar patterns of peak reflectance to the other treatments but overall had higher relative reflectance. In general, no effect of diluting the Fluon was observed for male or female M. scutellatus or M. mutator , but an effect of treating traps with Fluon was observed. Similar results were observed for the combined captures of Clytus ruricola Olivier, Cyrtophorus verrucosus Olivier, Megacyllene caryae (Gahan), Xylotrechus colonus (F.), Neoclytus acuminatus (F.), Neoclytus mucronatus (F.), and Phymatodes testaceus (L.). No treatment effect was observed for M. notatus .
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18
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Hansen L, Xu T, Wickham J, Chen Y, Hao D, Hanks LM, Millar JG, Teale SA. Identification of a Male-Produced Pheromone Component of the Citrus Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora chinensis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134358. [PMID: 26241651 PMCID: PMC4524714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian wood-boring beetle Anoplophora chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important pest of hardwood trees in its native range, and has serious potential to invade other areas of the world through worldwide commerce in woody plants and wood products. This species already has been intercepted in North America, and is the subject of ongoing eradication efforts in several countries in Europe. Attractants such as pheromones would be immediately useful as baits in traps for its detection. Because long-range pheromones are frequently conserved among closely related species of cerambycids, we evaluated two components of the volatile pheromone produced by males of the congener A. glabripennis (Motschulsky), 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal, as potential pheromones of A. chinensis. Both compounds subsequently were detected in headspace volatiles from male A. chinensis, but not in volatiles from females. Only 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanol elicited responses from beetle antennae in coupled gas chromatography-electroantennogram analyses, and this compound attracted adult A. chinensis of both sexes in field bioassays. These data suggest that 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol is an important component of the male-produced attractant pheromone of A. chinensis, which should find immediate use in quarantine monitoring for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hansen
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States of America
| | - Tian Xu
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States of America
| | - Jacob Wickham
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dejun Hao
- Department of Forest Protection, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, 61801, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Teale
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, 13210, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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