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Modelling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier in Huntington Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147813. [PMID: 35887162 PMCID: PMC9321930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been described in neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD), it is not known if endothelial cells themselves are functionally compromised when promoting BBB dysfunction. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of BBB dysfunction remain elusive given the limitations with mouse models and post mortem tissue to identify primary deficits. We established models of BBB and undertook a transcriptome and functional analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain-like microvascular endothelial cells (iBMEC) from HD patients or unaffected controls. We demonstrated that HD-iBMECs have abnormalities in barrier properties, as well as in specific BBB functions such as receptor-mediated transcytosis.
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2
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Costa MD, Maciel P. Modifier pathways in polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases: from genetic screens to drug targets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:274. [PMID: 35503478 PMCID: PMC11071829 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases include a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by unstable expansions of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the coding region of specific genes. Such genetic alterations produce abnormal proteins containing an unusually long PolyQ tract that renders them more prone to aggregate and cause toxicity. Although research in the field in the last years has contributed significantly to the knowledge of the biological mechanisms implicated in these diseases, effective treatments are still lacking. In this review, we revisit work performed in models of PolyQ diseases, namely the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and provide a critical overview of the high-throughput unbiased genetic screens that have been performed using these systems to identify novel genetic modifiers of PolyQ diseases. These approaches have revealed a wide variety of cellular processes that modulate the toxicity and aggregation of mutant PolyQ proteins, reflecting the complexity of these disorders and demonstrating how challenging the development of therapeutic strategies can be. In addition to the unbiased large-scale genetic screenings in non-vertebrate models, complementary studies in mammalian systems, closer to humans, have contributed with novel genetic modifiers of PolyQ diseases, revealing neuronal function and inflammation as key disease modulators. A pathway enrichment analysis, using the human orthologues of genetic modifiers of PolyQ diseases clustered modifier genes into major themes translatable to the human disease context, such as protein folding and transport as well as transcription regulation. Innovative genetic strategies of genetic manipulation, together with significant advances in genomics and bioinformatics, are taking modifier genetic studies to more realistic disease contexts. The characterization of PolyQ disease modifier pathways is of extreme relevance to reveal novel therapeutic possibilities to delay disease onset and progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Daniela Costa
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Maciel
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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3
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Wertz MH, Mitchem MR, Pineda SS, Hachigian LJ, Lee H, Lau V, Powers A, Kulicke R, Madan GK, Colic M, Therrien M, Vernon A, Beja-Glasser VF, Hegde M, Gao F, Kellis M, Hart T, Doench JG, Heiman M. Genome-wide In Vivo CNS Screening Identifies Genes that Modify CNS Neuronal Survival and mHTT Toxicity. Neuron 2020; 106:76-89.e8. [PMID: 32004439 PMCID: PMC7181458 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Unbiased in vivo genome-wide genetic screening is a powerful approach to elucidate new molecular mechanisms, but such screening has not been possible to perform in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report the results of the first genome-wide genetic screens in the CNS using both short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR libraries. Our screens identify many classes of CNS neuronal essential genes and demonstrate that CNS neurons are particularly sensitive not only to perturbations to synaptic processes but also autophagy, proteostasis, mRNA processing, and mitochondrial function. These results reveal a molecular logic for the common implication of these pathways across multiple neurodegenerative diseases. To further identify disease-relevant genetic modifiers, we applied our screening approach to two mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD). Top mutant huntingtin toxicity modifier genes included several Nme genes and several genes involved in methylation-dependent chromatin silencing and dopamine signaling, results that reveal new HD therapeutic target pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Wertz
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mollie R Mitchem
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - S Sebastian Pineda
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lea J Hachigian
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hyeseung Lee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vanessa Lau
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex Powers
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ruth Kulicke
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Gurrein K Madan
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Medina Colic
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Martine Therrien
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amanda Vernon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Victoria F Beja-Glasser
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mudra Hegde
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Bioinformatics Resource Center in the Beckman Institute at Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Traver Hart
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Myriam Heiman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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4
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Pearce MMP, Kopito RR. Prion-Like Characteristics of Polyglutamine-Containing Proteins. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a024257. [PMID: 28096245 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are infectious neurodegenerative diseases caused by the conversion of prion protein (PrP) into a self-replicating conformation that spreads via templated conversion of natively folded PrP molecules within or between cells. Recent studies provide compelling evidence that prion-like behavior is a general property of most protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Many of these disorders are associated with spontaneous protein aggregation, but genetic mutations can increase the aggregation propensity of specific proteins, including expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts, which is causative of nine inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Aggregates formed by polyQ-expanded huntingtin (Htt) in Huntington's disease can transfer between cells and seed the aggregation of cytoplasmic wild-type Htt in a prion-like manner. Additionally, prion-like properties of glutamine-rich proteins underlie nonpathological processes in yeast and higher eukaryotes. Here, we review current evidence supporting prion-like characteristics of polyQ and glutamine-rich proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M P Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Ron R Kopito
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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5
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Escalona-Rayo O, Fuentes-Vázquez P, Leyva-Gómez G, Cisneros B, Villalobos R, Magaña JJ, Quintanar-Guerrero D. Nanoparticulate strategies for the treatment of polyglutamine diseases by halting the protein aggregation process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:871-888. [PMID: 28142290 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1281949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a class of neurodegenerative disorders that cause cellular dysfunction and, eventually, neuronal death in specific regions of the brain. Neurodegeneration is linked to the misfolding and aggregation of expanded polyQ-containing proteins, and their inhibition is one of major therapeutic strategies used commonly. However, successful treatment has been limited to date because of the intrinsic properties of therapeutic agents (poor water solubility, low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetic properties), and difficulty in crossing physiological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In order to solve these problems, nanoparticulate systems with dimensions of 1-1000 nm able to incorporate small and macromolecules with therapeutic value, to protect and deliver them directly to the brain, have recently been developed, but their use for targeting polyQ disease-mediated protein misfolding and aggregation remains scarce. This review provides an update of the polyQ protein aggregation process and the development of therapeutic strategies for halting it. The main features that a nanoparticulate system should possess in order to enhance brain delivery are discussed, as well as the different types of materials utilized to produce them. The final part of this review focuses on the potential application of nanoparticulate system strategies to improve the specific and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain for the treatment of polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Escalona-Rayo
- a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
| | - Paulina Fuentes-Vázquez
- a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva-Gómez
- b Laboratory of Connective Tissue , CENIAQ, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- c Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology , CINVESTAV-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos
- d División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
| | - Jonathan J Magaña
- e Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics , Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico
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6
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Lee EC, Kim H, Ditano J, Manion D, King BL, Strange K. Abnormal Osmotic Avoidance Behavior in C. elegans Is Associated with Increased Hypertonic Stress Resistance and Improved Proteostasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154156. [PMID: 27111894 PMCID: PMC4844114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein function is controlled by the cellular proteostasis network. Proteostasis is energetically costly and those costs must be balanced with the energy needs of other physiological functions. Hypertonic stress causes widespread protein damage in C. elegans. Suppression and management of protein damage is essential for optimal survival under hypertonic conditions. ASH chemosensory neurons allow C. elegans to detect and avoid strongly hypertonic environments. We demonstrate that mutations in osm-9 and osm-12 that disrupt ASH mediated hypertonic avoidance behavior or genetic ablation of ASH neurons are associated with enhanced survival during hypertonic stress. Improved survival is not due to altered systemic volume homeostasis or organic osmolyte accumulation. Instead, we find that osm-9(ok1677) mutant and osm-9(RNAi) worms exhibit reductions in hypertonicity induced protein damage in non-neuronal cells suggesting that enhanced proteostasis capacity may account for improved hypertonic stress resistance in worms with defects in osmotic avoidance behavior. RNA-seq analysis revealed that genes that play roles in managing protein damage are upregulated in osm-9(ok1677) worms. Our findings are consistent with a growing body of work demonstrating that intercellular communication between neuronal and non-neuronal cells plays a critical role in integrating cellular stress resistance with other organismal physiological demands and associated energy costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. Lee
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, United States of America
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States of America
| | - Heejung Kim
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Ditano
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, United States of America
| | - Dacie Manion
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. King
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, United States of America
| | - Kevin Strange
- MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME, 04672, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Wear MP, Kryndushkin D, O’Meally R, Sonnenberg JL, Cole RN, Shewmaker FP. Proteins with Intrinsically Disordered Domains Are Preferentially Recruited to Polyglutamine Aggregates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136362. [PMID: 26317359 PMCID: PMC4552826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein aggregation is the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Aggregates formed by polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded proteins, such as Huntingtin, adopt amyloid-like structures that are resistant to denaturation. We used a novel purification strategy to isolate aggregates formed by human Huntingtin N-terminal fragments with expanded polyQ tracts from both yeast and mammalian (PC-12) cells. Using mass spectrometry we identified the protein species that are trapped within these polyQ aggregates. We found that proteins with very long intrinsically-disordered (ID) domains (≥100 amino acids) and RNA-binding proteins were disproportionately recruited into aggregates. The removal of the ID domains from selected proteins was sufficient to eliminate their recruitment into polyQ aggregates. We also observed that several neurodegenerative disease-linked proteins were reproducibly trapped within the polyQ aggregates purified from mammalian cells. Many of these proteins have large ID domains and are found in neuronal inclusions in their respective diseases. Our study indicates that neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins are particularly vulnerable to recruitment into polyQ aggregates via their ID domains. Also, the high frequency of ID domains in RNA-binding proteins may explain why RNA-binding proteins are frequently found in pathological inclusions in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie P. Wear
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Dmitry Kryndushkin
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
| | - Robert O’Meally
- Johns Hopkins Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Sonnenberg
- Chemistry department, School of Sciences, Stevenson University, Stevenson, Maryland, 21153, United States of America
| | - Robert N. Cole
- Johns Hopkins Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, United States of America
| | - Frank P. Shewmaker
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Heath Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Jimenez-Sanchez M, Lam W, Hannus M, Sönnichsen B, Imarisio S, Fleming A, Tarditi A, Menzies F, Dami TE, Xu C, Gonzalez-Couto E, Lazzeroni G, Heitz F, Diamanti D, Massai L, Satagopam VP, Marconi G, Caramelli C, Nencini A, Andreini M, Sardone GL, Caradonna NP, Porcari V, Scali C, Schneider R, Pollio G, O’Kane CJ, Caricasole A, Rubinsztein DC. siRNA screen identifies QPCT as a druggable target for Huntington's disease. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:347-354. [PMID: 25848931 PMCID: PMC4696152 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative condition caused by an abnormally expanded polyglutamine tract in huntingtin (HTT). We identified new modifiers of mutant HTT toxicity by performing a large-scale 'druggable genome' siRNA screen in human cultured cells, followed by hit validation in Drosophila. We focused on glutaminyl cyclase (QPCT), which had one of the strongest effects on mutant HTT-induced toxicity and aggregation in the cell-based siRNA screen and also rescued these phenotypes in Drosophila. We found that QPCT inhibition induced the levels of the molecular chaperone αB-crystallin and reduced the aggregation of diverse proteins. We generated new QPCT inhibitors using in silico methods followed by in vitro screening, which rescued the HD-related phenotypes in cell, Drosophila and zebrafish HD models. Our data reveal a new HD druggable target affecting mutant HTT aggregation and provide proof of principle for a discovery pipeline from druggable genome screen to drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Wun Lam
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Michael Hannus
- Cenix BioScience GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sara Imarisio
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EG
| | - Alessia Tarditi
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fiona Menzies
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Teresa Ed Dami
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EG
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Catherine Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EG
| | | | - Giulia Lazzeroni
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Freddy Heitz
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Diamanti
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Massai
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Venkata P. Satagopam
- Structural and Computational Biology, EMBL, Meyerhofstr.1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Guido Marconi
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Caramelli
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Arianna Nencini
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matteo Andreini
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Sardone
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Porcari
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carla Scali
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Structural and Computational Biology, EMBL, Meyerhofstr.1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, House of Biomedicine, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Pollio
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cahir J. O’Kane
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Andrea Caricasole
- Siena Biotech. Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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9
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Long Z, Tang B, Jiang H. Alleviating neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of PolyQ diseases. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 26331033 PMCID: PMC4552282 DOI: 10.1186/2053-8871-1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of neurodegenerative conditions, induced from CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion within causative gene respectively. Generation of toxic proteins, containing polyQ-expanded tract, is the key process to cause neurodegeneration. Till now, although polyQ diseases remain uncurable, numerous therapeutic strategies with great potential have been examined and have been proven to be effective against polyQ diseases, including diverse small biological molecules and many pharmacological compounds mainly through prevention on formation of aggregates and inclusions, acceleration on degradation of toxic proteins and regulation of cellular function. We review promising therapeutic strategies by using Drosophila models of polyQ diseases including HD, SCA1, SCA3 and SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangyaroad, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, 87 Xiangya road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China ; State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangyaroad, Changsha, 410078 Hunan China
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