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Barachini S, Pardini E, Burzi IS, Sardo Infirri G, Montali M, Petrini I. Molecular and Functional Key Features and Oncogenic Drivers in Thymic Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:166. [PMID: 38201593 PMCID: PMC10778094 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors, comprising thymic carcinomas and thymomas, are rare neoplasms. They differ in histology, prognosis, and association with autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis. Thymomas, but not thymic carcinomas, often harbor GTF2I mutations. Mutations of CDKN2A, TP53, and CDKN2B are the most common thymic carcinomas. The acquisition of mutations in genes that control chromatin modifications and epigenetic regulation occurs in the advanced stages of thymic carcinomas. Anti-angiogenic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have shown promising results for the treatment of unresectable tumors. Since thymic carcinomas are frankly aggressive tumors, this report presents insights into their oncogenic drivers, categorized under the established hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Barachini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Sofia Burzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gisella Sardo Infirri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Petrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Kim HS, Park SC, Kim HJ, Lee DY. Inhibition of DAMP actions in the tumoral microenvironment using lactoferrin-glycyrrhizin conjugate for glioblastoma therapy. Biomater Res 2023; 27:52. [PMID: 37210579 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) released from the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the tumor progression. HMGB1 serves as a damaged-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that induces tumor angiogenesis and its development. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is an effective intracellular antagonist of tumor released HMGB1, but its pharmacokinetics (PK) and delivery to tumor site is deficient. To address this shortcoming, we developed lactoferrin-glycyrrhizin (Lf-GL) conjugate. METHODS Biomolecular interaction between Lf-GL and HMGB1 was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding affinity assay. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and development by Lf-GL attenuating HMGB1 action in the tumor microenvironment was comprehensively evaluated through in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Pharmacokinetic study and anti-tumor effects of Lf-GL were investigated in orthotopic glioblastoma mice model. RESULTS Lf-GL interacts with lactoferrin receptor (LfR) expressed on BBB and GBM, therefore, efficiently inhibits HMGB1 in both the cytoplasmic and extracellular regions of tumors. Regarding the tumor microenvironment, Lf-GL inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by blocking HMGB1 released from necrotic tumors and preventing recruitment of vascular endothelial cells. In addition, Lf-GL improved the PK properties of GL approximately tenfold in the GBM mouse model and reduced tumor growth by 32%. Concurrently, various biomarkers for tumor were radically diminished. CONCLUSION Collectively, our study demonstrates a close association between HMGB1 and tumor progression, suggesting Lf-GL as a potential strategy for coping with DAMP-related tumor microenvironment. HMGB1 is a tumor-promoting DAMP in the tumor microenvironment. The high binding capability of Lf-GL to HMGB1 inhibits tumor progression cascade such as tumor angiogenesis, development, and metastasis. Lf-GL targets GBM through interaction with LfR and allows to arrest HMGB1 released from the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, Lf-GL can be a GBM treatment by modulating HMGB1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Shik Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chan Park
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK FOUR Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader for Education and Research Group, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, and Elixir Pharmatech Inc, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) & Institute For Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Elixir Pharmatech Inc., Seoul, 07463, Republic of Korea.
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Dong H, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Deng H. Pathophysiology of RAGE in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931473. [PMID: 35967420 PMCID: PMC9373849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a non-specific multi-ligand pattern recognition receptor capable of binding to a range of structurally diverse ligands, expressed on a variety of cell types, and performing different functions. The ligand-RAGE axis can trigger a range of signaling events that are associated with diabetes and its complications, neurological disorders, cancer, inflammation and other diseases. Since RAGE is involved in the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, targeting RAGE may be an effective strategy to block RAGE signaling.
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Han G, Ling R, Sun C, Wang X, Zhou Y, Yu L, Liu S. HMGB1 knockdown increases the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by regulating the expression of molecules involved in DNA repair. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:503. [PMID: 33986864 PMCID: PMC8114541 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an effective therapeutic strategy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, acquired radioresistance of cancer cells leads to radiotherapy failure. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the effect of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) on the radiation sensitivity of ESCC. Small interfering RNA (si) transfection was used to generate three groups of TE-1 cells (TE-1, negative control and TE-1+siHMGB1), and the protein expression levels of HMGB1 in TE-1 cells were detected by western blotting. These groups of TE-1 cells were irradiated with different doses (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy) of X-rays after transfection. Subsequently, the viability of TE-1 cells was detected using an MTT assay, and the survival fraction of TE-1 cells was observed using a colony formation assay. The apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and levels of phosphorylated (p)-histone H2AX at S139 (p-γH2AX) of the cells were detected by flow cytometry. The alterations in mRNA expression levels of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)1 and NOX5 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, while the changes in protein levels of caspase-3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were detected by western blotting. The results revealed that HMGB1 knockdown significantly decreased cell viability, and the apoptosis rate of TE-1 cells transfected with siHMGB1 combined with radiation treatment was increased compared with that in cells with either siHMGB1 transfection or radiation treatment alone. HMGB1 knockdown increased nicotinamide adenine nucleotide phosphate oxidase-mediated ROS production and induced DNA damage via the MAPK signaling pathway, which may promote apoptosis and radiosensitivity after radiation in TE-1 cells. In conclusion, targeting HMGB1 may represent a promising strategy to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohu Han
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Yu
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
| | - Shenzha Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, P.R. China
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5
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C. Unraveling the Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and Its Ligands in Myasthenia Gravis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:663-673. [PMID: 32017530 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune T cell-dependent B cell-mediated disorder of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) characterized by fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness, most commonly attributed to pathogenic autoantibodies against postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Although MG pathogenesis is well-documented, there are no objective biomarkers that could effectively correlate with disease severity or MG clinical subtypes, and current treatment approaches are often ineffective. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand cell-bound receptor highly implicated in proinflammatory responses and autoimmunity. Preclinical evidence demonstrates that RAGE and its ligand S100B are upregulated in rat models of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). S100B-mediated RAGE activation has been shown to exacerbate EAMG, by enhancing T cell proinflammatory responses, aggravating T helper (Th) subset imbalance, increasing AChR-specific T cell proliferative capacity, and promoting the production of antibodies against AChRs from the spleen. Soluble sRAGE and esRAGE, acting as decoys of RAGE ligands, are found to be significantly reduced in MG patients. Moreover, MG has been associated with increased serum levels of S100A12, S100B and HMGB1. Several studies have shown that the presence of thymic abnormalities, the onset age of MG, and the duration of the disease may affect the levels of these proteins in MG patients. Herein, we discuss the emerging role of RAGE and its ligands in MG immunopathogenesis, their clinical significance as promising biomarkers, as well as the potential therapeutic implications of targeting RAGE signaling in MG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 46150 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Janik S, Bekos C, Hacker P, Raunegger T, Schiefer AI, Müllauer L, Veraar C, Dome B, Klepetko W, Ankersmit HJ, Moser B. Follistatin impacts Tumor Angiogenesis and Outcome in Thymic Epithelial Tumors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17359. [PMID: 31757999 PMCID: PMC6874542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a key factor in the progression of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Activin A, a member of the TGFβ family, and its antagonist Follistatin are involved in several human malignancies and angiogenesis. We investigated Activin A and Follistatin in serum and tumor tissue of patients with TETs in relation to microvessel density (MVD), WHO histology classification, tumor stage and outcome. Membranous Activin A expression was detected in all tumor tissues of TETs, while Follistatin staining was found in tumor nuclei and cytoplasm. Patients with TETs presented with significantly higher Activin A and Follistatin serum concentrations compared to healthy volunteers, respectively. Follistatin serum concentrations correlated significantly with tumor stage and decreased to physiologic values after complete tumor resection. Follistatin serum concentrations correlated further with MVD and were associated with significantly worse freedom from recurrence (FFR). Low numbers of immature tumor vessels represented even an independent worse prognostic factor for FFR at multivariable analysis. To conclude, the Activin A - Follistatin axis is involved in the pathogenesis of TETs. Further study of Follistatin and Activin A in TETs is warranted as the molecules may serve as targets to inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Janik
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bekos
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of General Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hacker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Raunegger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecilia Veraar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, General Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Centre Vienna, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Head FFG Project "APOSEC", FOLAB Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Zhang H, Zhang P, Yu TL. Comparative study of computed tomography of normal and lymphoid follicular hyperplasia thymus in myasthenia gravis patients. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:512-518. [PMID: 30651830 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the thymuses of non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis (MG) patients by computed tomography (CT) for differentiating lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (LFH) thymus from normal/involuted thymus in order to assist surgeons in determining whether a non-thymomatous MG patient requires an operation. In the present retrospective review over 10 years, 80 patients who received CT scan and thymectomy at the Affiliated General Hospital of Tianjin Medial University (Tianjin, China) were included. According to the pathological records, 54 of the cases initially detected on CT were confirmed as LFH thymus. Thymic measurements, including anteroposterior and transverse dimensions, width (the longest axis of the lobe on a transverse scan) and thickness (the largest dimension perpendicular to the long axis of the lobe) and CT attenuation of the thymus region, adipose tissue and chest wall musculature in each CT slice were included to assess differences between the LFH group and the normal/involuted thymus group. Although a negative association between patient age and the CT attenuation of the thymus region was identified (r=-0.779, P<0.05, Pearson's correlation test), the LFH thymus group featured nodular changes on CT, while no such changes were observed in the normal/involuted thymus group. The mean age of disease onset in the LFH thymus group was significantly lower than that in the normal thymus group (40.2±17.3 vs. 59.2±9.3 years). Furthermore, significant differences in CT attenuation were identified between the LFH group and the normal/involuted thymus group [-41.21±54.42 vs. -108.23±8.72 Hounsfield units (HU) on unenhanced CT; -25.57±58.65 vs.-117.40±6.22 HU on contrast-enhanced CT]. In the LFH group, the difference in mean CT attenuation between the thymus region and adipose tissue was significant, while no significant difference was observed in the normal/involuted thymus group. In conclusion, CT may be used to distinguish LFH thymus from normal/involuted thymus in MG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300051, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300051, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Lian Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300051, P.R. China
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Mohajertehran F, Ayatollahi H, Khazaeni K, Shakeri MT, Mohtasham N. Overexpression of High-Mobility Motor Box 1 in the Blood and Tissues of Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2018; 30:261-271. [PMID: 30245980 PMCID: PMC6147264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Extra- and intra-cellular high-mobility motor box 1 (HMGB1) proteins are invovled in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cancer. Regarding this, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the expression of HMGB1 protein and mRNA levels in the blood, tumor tissue, and marginal normal tissue of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed on 88 patients with HNSCC, who referred to the otorhinolaryngology and oral pathology departments, affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, and a group of healthy subjects (i.e., control group) matched in terms of age and gender. RNA was collected from fresh tumor tissues, marginal tissues, and blood, followed by the implementation of quantitative PCR on the specimens. Furthermore, the expression of HMGB1 in tumor and normal margins was evaluated by means of IHC. The data were analyzed in SPSS software. RESULTS According to the results the expression levels of HMGB1 protein and mRNA were significantly higher in the tumor tissue than in the normal margin tissues (P<0.01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between histologic grading and the expression of HMGB1 protein and mRNA in tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve of the HMGB1 mRNA in tissue was located closer to the theoretical 100% sensitivity. CONCLUSION The findings revealed a higher increase in the levels of mRNA and HMGB1 protein in HNSCC, compared to those in the normal margin tissues. In addition, HMGB1 mRNA showed a significant expression in the tissue and blood of the patients with lymph node involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Kamran Khazaeni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,CORRESPONDING AUTHORS: ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL DISEASE RESEARCH CENTER, MASHHAD UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, MASHHAD, IRAN. E-MEALI:
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Janik S, Raunegger T, Hacker P, Ghanim B, Einwallner E, Müllauer L, Schiefer AI, Moser J, Klepetko W, Ankersmit HJ, Moser B. Prognostic and diagnostic impact of fibrinogen, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio on thymic epithelial tumors outcome. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21861-21875. [PMID: 29774108 PMCID: PMC5955144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood-derived inflammation-based markers, such as Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Fibrinogen have been identified as prognostic markers in various solid malignancies. Here we aimed to investigate the prognostic and diagnostic impact of NLR, PLR, and Fibrinogen in patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). RESULTS Pretreatment Fibrinogen serum concentrations, NLRs and PLRs were highest in patients with TCs and advanced tumor stages. High pretreatment Fibrinogen serum concentration (≥452.5 mg/dL) was significantly associated with worse cause specific survival (CSS; p = 0.001) and freedom from recurrence (FFR; p = 0.043), high NLR (≥4.0) with worse FFR (p = 0.008), and high PLR (≥136.5) with worse CSS (p = 0.032). Longitudinal analysis revealed that compared to patients without tumor recurrence, patients with tumor recurrence had significantly higher NLR (11.8 ± 4.0 vs. 4.70 ± 0.5; p = 0.001) and PLR (410.8 ± 149.1 vs. 228.3 ± 23.7; p = 0.031). CONCLUSION Overall, Fibrinogen serum concentrations, NLRs, and PLRs were associated with higher tumor stage, more aggressive tumor behavior, recurrence, and worse outcome. Prospective multicenter studies of the diagnostic and prognostic potential of Fibrinogen, NLR, and PLR are warranted. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 122 patients with TETs who underwent surgical resection between 1999-2015. Fibrinogen serum concentrations, NLRs, and PLRs were measured in patients preoperatively, postoperatively, and later during follow-up. These markers were analyzed for association with several clinical variables, including tumor stage, tumor subtype, FFR, and CSS and to evaluate their prognostic and diagnostic impact for detecting tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Janik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Raunegger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hacker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahil Ghanim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Einwallner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Moser
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological Research, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Head FFG Project “APOSEC“, FOLAB Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Janik S, Bekos C, Hacker P, Raunegger T, Ghanim B, Einwallner E, Beer L, Klepetko W, Müllauer L, Ankersmit HJ, Moser B. Elevated CRP levels predict poor outcome and tumor recurrence in patients with thymic epithelial tumors: A pro- and retrospective analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47090-47102. [PMID: 28514756 PMCID: PMC5564546 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Scarce information exists on the pathogenesis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), comprising thymomas, thymic carcinomas (TCs) and neuroendocrine tumors. C-reactive protein (CRP) increases during certain malignancies. We aimed to investigate the clinical relevance of CRP in patients with TETs. Results Pretreatment CRP serum concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with TETs, particularly TCs and metastatic TETs. After complete tumor resection CRP serum concentrations were decreased (p = 0.135) but increased significantly in case of tumor recurrence (p = 0.001). High pretreatment CRP was associated with significantly worse 5- and 10-year freedom-from recurrence (FFR) (p = 0.010) and was a negative prognostic factor for FFR (HR 3.30; p = 0.015). IL-6 (not IL-1β) serum concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with TETs but we did not detect CRP tissue expression in TETs. Materials and Methods Pretreatment CRP serum concentrations were retrospectively analyzed from 128 surgical patients (1990–2015). In a subset of 68 patients longitudinal analysis of CRP was performed. Additionally, immunohistochemical tumor CRP expression and serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were measured. Conclusions Hence, diagnostic measurement of serum CRP might be useful to indicate highly aggressive TETs and to make doctors consider tumor recurrences during oncological follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Janik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bekos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hacker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Raunegger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahil Ghanim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Einwallner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Müllauer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik J Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Jiang M, Li X, Quan X, Li X, Zhou B. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in HMGB1 Correlate with Lung Cancer Risk in the Northeast Chinese Han Population. Molecules 2018; 23:E832. [PMID: 29617336 PMCID: PMC6017634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the principal cause of cancer-associated deaths. HMGB1 has been reported to be associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rs1412125 and rs1360485 polymorphisms in HMGB1 and the risk and survival of lung cancer. 850 cases and 733 controls were included. Logistic regression analysis and survival analysis were performed to investigate the association between SNPs and the risk and survival of lung cancer. Crossover analysis was used to analyze the interaction between SNPs and tobacco exposure. Results indicated that rs1412125 polymorphism was associated with lung cancer risk, especially with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer. Carriers with CT and CC genotypes had a decreased risk of lung cancer (CT + CC vs.TT: adjusted OR = 0.736, p = 0.004). Similar results were obtained in the stratification analysis for non-smokers and female population. For rs1360485 polymorphism, AG and GG genotypes could decrease the risk of lung adenocarcinoma and female lung cancer by 0.771-fold and 0.789-fold. However, no significant interaction between polymorphisms and tobacco exposure or association between SNPs and the survival of lung cancer was observed. This study indicated polymorphisms in HMGB1 may be a novel biomarker for female lung adenocarcinoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Province Department of Education, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Province Department of Education, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xiaowei Quan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Province Department of Education, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Province Department of Education, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Province Department of Education, Shenyang 110122, China.
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12
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Borg DJ, Yap FYT, Keshvari S, Simmons DG, Gallo LA, Fotheringham AK, Zhuang A, Slattery RM, Hasnain SZ, Coughlan MT, Kantharidis P, Forbes JM. Perinatal exposure to high dietary advanced glycation end products in transgenic NOD8.3 mice leads to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Islets 2018; 10:10-24. [PMID: 29157116 PMCID: PMC5796486 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1405189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of environmental factors to pancreatic islet damage in type 1 diabetes remains poorly understood. In this study, we crossed mice susceptible to type 1 diabetes, where parental male (CD8+ T cells specific for IGRP206-214; NOD8.3) and female (NOD/ShiLt) mice were randomized to a diet either low or high in AGE content and maintained on this diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, NOD8.3+ female offspring were identified and maintained on the same parental feeding regimen for until day 28 of life. A low AGE diet, from conception to early postnatal life, decreased circulating AGE concentrations in the female offspring when compared to a high AGE diet. Insulin, proinsulin and glucagon secretion were greater in islets isolated from offspring in the low AGE diet group, which was akin to age matched non-diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Pancreatic islet expression of Ins2 gene was also higher in offspring from the low AGE diet group. Islet expression of glucagon, AGEs and the AGE receptor RAGE, were each reduced in low AGE fed offspring. Islet immune cell infiltration was also decreased in offspring exposed to a low AGE diet. Within pancreatic lymph nodes and spleen, the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells did not differ between groups. There were no significant changes in body weight, fasting glucose or glycemic hormones. This study demonstrates that reducing exposure to dietary AGEs throughout gestation, lactation and early postnatal life may benefit pancreatic islet secretion and immune infiltration in the type 1 diabetic susceptible mouse strain, NOD8.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Borg
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Felicia Y. T. Yap
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David G. Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Linda A. Gallo
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Amelia K. Fotheringham
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Aowen Zhuang
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robyn M. Slattery
- Department of Immunology, Central and Eastern Clinical School, AMREP Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Inflammatory Diseases Biology and Therapeutics, Mater Research Institute- The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melinda T. Coughlan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Phillip Kantharidis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Josephine M. Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes Department, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
- Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
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13
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He SJ, Cheng J, Feng X, Yu Y, Tian L, Huang Q. The dual role and therapeutic potential of high-mobility group box 1 in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64534-64550. [PMID: 28969092 PMCID: PMC5610024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant protein in most eukaryocytes. It can bind to several receptors such as advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in direct or indirect way. The biological effects of HMGB1 depend on its expression and subcellular location. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is engaged in many DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription, telomere maintenance, and genome stability. While outside the nucleus, it possesses more complicated functions, including regulating cell proliferation, autophagy, inflammation and immunity. During tumor development, HMGB1 has been characterized as both a pro- and anti-tumoral protein by either promoting or suppressing tumor growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. However, the current knowledge concerning the positive and negative effects of HMGB1 on tumor development is not explicit. Here, we evaluate the role of HMGB1 in tumor development and attempt to reconcile the dual effects of HMGB1 in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we would like to present current strategies targeting against HMGB1, its receptor or release, which have shown potentially therapeutic value in cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia He
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Expression of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in thymus from myasthenia patients. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017; 173:388-395. [PMID: 28461027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a membranous immunoglobulin involved in the pathogenesis of numerous autoimmune diseases and tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of RAGE in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective study included 41 cases of myasthenia gravis treated at our institution between 2010 and 2015. There were 18 men and 23 women, with an average age of 36.44±14.47 years. The majority of patients (24.4%) were classified as IIb, according to MGFA scoring, and 21 of them required corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive treatment. Assessment of RAGE in thymus specimens was done by immunohistochemistry using RAGE antibody (C-term). RAGE expression was assessed according to various clinical, paraclinical and pathological parameters. RESULTS Histopathological studies found 18 thymomas, 17 hyperplasias and six other types of pathology. Expression of RAGE was negative/weak in 19 cases and moderate/strong in 22 cases. It was more important in thymoma type B2 (P<0.001) and when the duration of myasthenia was short (P=0.04), and was not significantly related to either myasthenia clinical severity or preoperative treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the RAGE pathway is involved in myasthenia gravis pathophysiology, especially at disease onset, and in forms with thymomas. Further studies would be indispensable to explore other aspects of this signaling pathway, especially the potential role of different ligands and soluble forms of RAGE.
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15
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Modular transcriptional repertoire and MicroRNA target analyses characterize genomic dysregulation in the thymus of Down syndrome infants. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7497-533. [PMID: 26848775 PMCID: PMC4884935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21-driven transcriptional alterations in human thymus were characterized through gene coexpression network (GCN) and miRNA-target analyses. We used whole thymic tissue--obtained at heart surgery from Down syndrome (DS) and karyotipically normal subjects (CT)--and a network-based approach for GCN analysis that allows the identification of modular transcriptional repertoires (communities) and the interactions between all the system's constituents through community detection. Changes in the degree of connections observed for hierarchically important hubs/genes in CT and DS networks corresponded to community changes. Distinct communities of highly interconnected genes were topologically identified in these networks. The role of miRNAs in modulating the expression of highly connected genes in CT and DS was revealed through miRNA-target analysis. Trisomy 21 gene dysregulation in thymus may be depicted as the breakdown and altered reorganization of transcriptional modules. Leading networks acting in normal or disease states were identified. CT networks would depict the "canonical" way of thymus functioning. Conversely, DS networks represent a "non-canonical" way, i.e., thymic tissue adaptation under trisomy 21 genomic dysregulation. This adaptation is probably driven by epigenetic mechanisms acting at chromatin level and through the miRNA control of transcriptional programs involving the networks' high-hierarchy genes.
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16
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Gu J, Xu R, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang S. MicroRNA-218 modulates activities of glioma cells by targeting HMGB1. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3780-3790. [PMID: 27725858 PMCID: PMC5040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of microRNA-218 (miR-218) on glioma cell lines and the related mechanism. U251 and U87 cells were transfected with negative control, miR-218 mimic or miR-218 inhibitor using lipofectamine 2000. The expressions of mRNA and proteins were detected with qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were studied using MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell assay and scratch-wound assay, respectively. The targeting effect of HMGB1 by miR-218 was measured with luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that miR-218 was significantly downregulated while HMGB1 was upregulated in both glioma cell lines. Transfection of miR-218 significantly reduced the cell viability and colony formation, increased cell apoptosis and arrested cell in G0/G1 phase. Transfection of miR-218 also decreased the invasion and migration of glioma cells. The expressions of HMGB1, RAGE, cyclin D1 and MMP-9 were downregulated while the expression of caspase-9 was upregulated by miR-218. Silencing HMGB1 increased the expression of RAGE, cyclin D1, MMP-9 but decreased the expression of caspase-9 in U251 and U87 cells. Co-transfection with pcHMGB1 and miR-218 significantly decreased the growth inhibition and increased the apoptosis of glioma cells while these effects were abolished in glioma cells co-transfected with HMGB1 siRNA and miR-218 inhibitor. In addition, co-transfection with pcHMGB1 and miR-218 inhibitor increased the invasiveness of U251 and U87 cells. These findings suggested that miR-218 may negatively regulate HMGB-mediated suppression of RAGE to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion, and that intervention of miR-218-HMGB1-RAGE may be useful for developing potential clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College156 Road Xi’erhuanbei, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yaxing Li
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of The Nantong UniversityTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianhe Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College156 Road Xi’erhuanbei, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College156 Road Xi’erhuanbei, Fuzhou 350025, Fujian, P. R. China
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17
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Janik S, Schiefer AI, Bekos C, Hacker P, Haider T, Moser J, Klepetko W, Müllauer L, Ankersmit HJ, Moser B. HSP27 and 70 expression in thymic epithelial tumors and benign thymic alterations: diagnostic, prognostic and physiologic implications. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24267. [PMID: 27097982 PMCID: PMC4838882 DOI: 10.1038/srep24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs), the most common tumors in the anterior mediastinum in adults, show a unique association with autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis (MG) and represent a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Neither risk factors nor established biomarkers for TETs exist. Predictive and diagnostic markers are urgently needed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are upregulated in several malignancies promoting tumor cell survival and metastases. We performed immunohistochemical staining of HSP27 and 70 in patients with TETs (n = 101) and patients with benign thymic alterations (n = 24). Further, serum HSP27 and 70 concentrations were determined in patients with TETs (n = 46), patients with benign thymic alterations (n = 33) and volunteers (n = 49) by using ELISA. HSPs were differentially expressed in histologic types and pathological tumor stages of TETs. Weak HSP tumor expression correlated with worse freedom from recurrence. Serum HSP concentrations were elevated in TETs and MG, correlated with clinical tumor stage and histologic subtype and decreased significantly after complete tumor resection. To conclude, we found HSP expression in the vast majority of TETs, in physiologic thymus and staining intensities in patients with TETs have been associated with prognosis. However, although interesting and promising the role of HSPs in TETs as diagnostic and prognostic or even therapeutic markers need to be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - A I Schiefer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - C Bekos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - P Hacker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - T Haider
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,University Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - J Moser
- Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological Research, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - W Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - L Müllauer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - H J Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Regeneration of Cardiac and Thoracic Diseases, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - B Moser
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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18
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Li SY, Wang YX, Wang L, Qian ZB, Ji ML. Cytoplasm estrogen receptor β5 as an improved prognostic factor in thymoma and thymic carcinoma progression. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2341-2346. [PMID: 26622848 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of previous studies have reported that sex steroid hormones, including estrogens, are involved in the regulation of the thymic function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of estrogen receptor β5 (ERβ5) in thymic tumors and the correlation between ERβ5 expression and thymoma biological characteristics. The expression levels of ERβ5 in thymic epithelial tumors was evaluated in 103 patents using immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, an indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the ERβ5 expression levels in the TC1889 and T1682 cell lines. The survival outcome was estimated using Kaplan-Meier plots. The results indicated that ERβ5 expression was mainly located in the thymic tumor cell cytoplasm (87.37%; 90/103 cases) and overexpression was observed in thymic tumors compared with normal thymic tissues (P=0.001). Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, a statistically significant association was observed between cytoplasmic ERβ5 (cERβ5) expression and thymic tumor subtypes (P=0.024) and stages (P=0.003 and R=-0.376). The Kaplan-Meier plots revealed that cERβ5 expression was significantly associated with improved overall and progression-free survival (P=0.008 and P=0.004, respectively). The present study suggested that overexpression of cERβ5 may indicate an improved prognosis and may be involved in the underlying mechanism through which estrogen inhibits thymoma and thymic carcinoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ying Li
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bing Qian
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Li Ji
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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19
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Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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20
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Qie GQ, Wang CT, Chu YF, Wang R. Expression of HMGB1/RAGE protein in renal carcinoma and its clinical significance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6262-6268. [PMID: 26261503 PMCID: PMC4525837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and its receptor, receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE), in renal cancer tissue and surrounding normal tissue and to analyze the relationship between the expression level of the protein and receptor as well as the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis in renal cancer patients. METHODS A total of 80 renal carcinoma patients who were surgically treated in our hospital from February 2004 to December 2012 were included in this study. Normal paratumoral tissues were collected as a control. All diagnoses were confirmed with a postoperative pathological examination. All patients had complete pathological data. The expression of HMGB1/RAGE proteins in renal cancer tissue and paratumoral tissue was examined using immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS The positive expression rate of HMGB1 was 71% in renal cancer tissue, which was significantly higher than that in the paratumoral normal tissue (25%). The positive expression rate of RAGE was 72% in renal cancer tissue, which was significantly higher than that in the paratumoral normal tissue (27%). Further analysis did not indicate a correlation between the positive expression of HMGB1 and RAGE proteins and gender, age and tumor size (P > 0.05), whereas the expression patterns were shown to correlate with tumor differentiation, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB1 exhibited a significant positive correlation with RAGE level (P < 0.05), the expression of HMGB1/RAGE proteins exhibited a negative correlation with the prognosis of patients, and the five-year survival rate of patients with positive expression was significantly lower than that of patients with negative expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HMGB1/RAGE exhibited significantly elevated expression in renal cancer tissues that was closely related to the clinical prognosis of patients; thus, the expression levels may become a new target in the treatment of renal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Qie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Ting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Chu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, P. R. China
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21
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Uzawa A, Kawaguchi N, Kanai T, Himuro K, Kuwabara S. Serum high mobility group box 1 is upregulated in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:695-7. [PMID: 25344065 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions as an inflammatory mediator and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Our primary aim is to determine whether HMGB1 is involved in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS Serum HMGB1 levels of 60 patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive MG without immunosuppressive treatment and of 10 patients with anti-muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive MG were compared with those in 40 controls. We also investigated the potential correlation between serum HMGB1 levels and the clinical variables in patients with MG. RESULTS Serum HMGB1 levels in patients with anti-AChR antibody-positive MG were higher than those in controls (7.80 ± 7.47 vs 4.13 ± 2.55 ng/mL, p=0.004) and were decreased after treatment (p=0.051). Although not significant, patients with anti-MuSK antibody-positive MG showed higher serum HMGB1 levels than the controls (p=0.178). There were correlations between serum HMGB1 levels and phenotypes of anti-AChR antibody-positive MG: patients with generalised MG showed higher HMGB1 levels than those of patients with ocular MG (p=0.059) and controls (p=0.002); patients with thymoma showed higher HMGB1 levels than those without thymoma (p=0.094) and controls (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum HMGB1 is elevated in patients with MG and may play a key role in the inflammation of the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Uzawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Department of Neurology, Neurology Chiba Clinic, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kanai
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichi Himuro
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Dhumale SS, Waghela BN, Pathak C. Quercetin protects necrotic insult and promotes apoptosis by attenuating the expression of RAGE and its ligand HMGB1 in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:361-73. [PMID: 25983116 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is normally expressed on immune cells, including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and T cells to maintain homeostasis, but highly upregulated at sites of vascular pathology. Accumulating evidence suggest that the elevated expression of RAGE and its ligand HMGB-1 was found in various types of cancer. The accumulation of RAGE and its ligand high-mobility group box proteins-1 (HMGB1) activates complex signaling network for cell survival and evades apoptosis. Therefore, targeting the RAGE-mediated signaling could be the promising strategies for the therapeutic potential of cancer. This study was aimed to examine the biological potential of quercetin on the regulation of RAGE- and HMGB1-mediated activation of NF-κB and induction of apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells. Our findings demonstrate that quercetin inhibits the expression of RAGE and HMGB1 in MCF-7 cells. In addition, quercetin protects necrotic insult and augments apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin plays an important role in modulating RAGE and HMGB1 signaling and induces apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhashini S Dhumale
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Bhargav N Waghela
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba, Gandhinagar, India
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23
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Xu YF, Ge FJ, Han B, Yang XQ, Su H, Zhao AC, Zhao MH, Yang YB, Yang J. High-mobility group box 1 expression and lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3256-3265. [PMID: 25805932 PMCID: PMC4363755 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the prognostic value of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) and the possible underlying mechanism.
METHODS: Tissue microarray was constructed from 65 IHCC patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate expression of HMGB1 and Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to study transcript and protein levels. The interaction between HMGB1 and VEGF-C was evaluated by siRNA, real-time PCR, and enzyme-linked immuno assays. The correlation between HMGB1 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed by χ2 test, and the univariate as well as multivariate analyses were accomplished by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression model, respectively.
RESULTS: Overall, overexpression of HMGB1 was found in 38/65 (58.8%) IHCCs, whereas VEGF-C overexpression was present in 30/65 (46.2%) cases. Overexpression of HMGB1 was significantly correlated with lymphatic microvessel density (P = 0.031, r = 0.268) and VEGF-C expression (P = 0.041, r = 0.254). With univariate analysis, both HMGB1 (P = 0.001) and VEGF-C (P = 0.004) were identified to be significantly associated with overall survival rate. Multivariate analysis indicated that HMGB1 could be served as an unfavorable independent prognostic factor in IHCCs (P = 0.005). siRNA knockdown of HMGB1 inhibited transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by elevating E-Cadherin expression and reducing expression of N-Cadherin, Vimentin and Snail in RBE cells. Further in vitro study revealed that HMGB1 silencing significantly decreased the level of VEGF-C, whereas the recombinant HMGB1 increased the VEGF-C level in RBE cells (both P < 0.05), which suggested that HMGB1 could promote lymphatic microvessel density, and subsequently lymphatic invasion, via promoting VEGF-C expression.
CONCLUSION: Our results define an important role of HMGB1 in the progression of cholangiocarcinoma, and HMGB1 may serve as a prognostic marker for IHCC patients.
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24
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Zhang J, Zhang R, Lu WW, Zhu JS, Xia LQ, Lu YM, Chen NW. Clinical significance of hmgb1 expression in human gastric cancer. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 27:543-51. [PMID: 25572734 DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been proved to be implicated in a variety of cell physiological and pathological behaviors including immune response, inflammation and cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that HMGB1 plays a critical role in the development and progression of multiple malignancies. However, the clinical significance and prognosis of HMGB1 expression in some cancers remain controversial. The present study aimed to investigate whether overexpression of HMGB1 is an independent prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer. The correlation of HMGB1 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis was assessed by immunohistochemical assay through tissue microarray procedure in 50 primary gastric cancer cases. Our results indicated that the positive expression of HMGB1 was significantly increased in the nucleus of gastric cancer tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) (64.0% vs 44.0%, P=0.025), but was not linked to the clinicopathologic features, including the TNM stage (P=0.533) and metastatic lymph node (P=0.771), in patients with gastric cancer. Kapalan-Meier and log-rank analysis demonstrated that overexpression of HMGB1 did not exert significant impact on the overall survival of patients with gastric cancer (P=0.805). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis showed that high HMGB1 protein expression did not represent an independent risk factor for patients with gastric cancer (P=0.677). Taken together, our findings suggest that high expression of HMGB1 is not correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer, and cannot serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W W Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J S Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Q Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y M Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - N W Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Sixth Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Lei C, Wu B, Cao T, Zhang S, Liu M. Activation of the High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein-Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-Products Signaling Pathway in Rats During Neurogenesis After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Stroke 2015; 46:500-6. [PMID: 25538203 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.006825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) may promote neurogenesis that supports functional recovery. How HMGB1 regulates or participates in this process is unclear, as are the pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways involved.
Methods—
ICH was induced by injection of collagenase in Sprague–Dawley rats, which were treated 3 days later with saline, with the HMGB1 inhibitor ethyl pyruvate or with FPS-ZM1, an antagonist of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. A Sham group was treated with saline solution instead of collagenase and then treated 3 days later with saline again or with ethyl pyruvate or N-benzyl-4-chloro-N-cyclohexylbenzamide (FPS-ZM1). Expression of the following proteins was measured by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence: HMGB1, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR4, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The number of cells positive for 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine or doublecortin was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.
Results—
Levels of HMGB1, receptor for advanced glycation end-products, TLR4, TLR2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were significantly higher 14 days after ICH than at baseline, as were the numbers of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine- or doublecortin-positive cells. At the same time, HMGB1 moved from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Administering ethyl pyruvate significantly reduced all these ICH-induced increases, except the increase in TLR4 and TLR2. Administering FPS-ZM1 reduced the ICH-induced increases in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and in the numbers of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine- or doublecortin-positive cells.
Conclusions—
These findings suggest that HMGB1 acts via the receptor for advanced glycation end-products signaling pathway to promote neurogenesis in later phases of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Lei
- From the Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- From the Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Cao
- From the Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Zhang
- From the Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- From the Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Local and systemic RAGE axis changes in pulmonary hypertension: CTEPH and iPAH. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106440. [PMID: 25188497 PMCID: PMC4154707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular determinants of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) remain poorly understood. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and its ligands: HMGB1 and S100A9 are involved in inflammatory disorders. We sought to investigate the role of the RAGE axis in patients with CTEPH undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), iPAH undergoing lung transplantation (LuTX). The high pulmonary vascular resistance in CTEPH/iPAH results in pressure overload of the right ventricle. We compared sRAGE measurements to that of patients with aortic valve stenosis (AVS) - pressure overload of the left ventricle. METHODS We enrolled patients with CTEPH(26), iPAH(15), AVS(15) and volunteers(33). Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to RAGE and HMGB1 was performed on PEA specimens and lung tissues. We employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to determine the concentrations of sRAGE, esRAGE, HMGB1 and S100A9 in serum of volunteers and patients with CTEPH, iPAH, AVS before and after PEA, LuTX and aortic valve replacement (AVR). RESULTS In endarterectomised tissues from patients with CTEPH RAGE and HMGB1 were identified in myofibroblasts (α-SMA+vimentin+CD34-), recanalizing vessel-like structures of distal myofibrotic tissues and endothelium of neointima. RAGE was differentially expressed in prototypical Heath Edwards lesions in iPAH. We found significantly increased serum concentrations of sRAGE, esRAGE and HMGB1 in CTEPH. In iPAH, sRAGE and esRAGE were significantly higher than in controls. Serum concentrations of sRAGE were significantly elevated in iPAH(p<0.001) and CTEPH(p = 0.001) compared to AVS. Serum sRAGE was significantly higher in iPAH compared to CTEPH(p = 0.042) and significantly reduced in AVS compared to controls(p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in sRAGE serum concentrations before and after surgical therapy for CTEPH, iPAH or AVS. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a role for the RAGE pathway in the pathophysiology of CTEPH and iPAH. PEA improves the local control of disease but may not influence the systemic inflammatory mechanisms in CTEPH patients through the RAGE pathway.
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27
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HMGB1 promotes cellular proliferation and invasion, suppresses cellular apoptosis in osteosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12265-74. [PMID: 25168370 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Unfortunately, treatment failures are common due to the metastasis and chemoresistance, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Accumulating evidence indicated that the deregulation of DNA-binding protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was associated with the development of cancer. This study aimed to explore the expression of HMGB1 in osteosarcoma tissues and its correlation to the clinical pathology of osteosarcoma and to discuss the role of HMGB1 in the development of osteosarcoma. The results from RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the expression rate of HMGB1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and the expression of HMGB1 in the osteosarcoma tissues were significantly higher than those in normal bone tissue (p < 0.05), the expression rate of HMGB1 mRNA and the expression of HMGB1 in the carcinoma tissues with positive lung metastasis were significantly higher than those without lung metastasis (p < 0.05), and with increasing Enneking stage, the expression rate of HMGB1 mRNA and the expression of HMGB1 also increased (p < 0.05). In order to explore the role of HMGB1 in osteosarcoma, the expression of HMGB1 in the human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line was downregulated by the technique of RNA interference. Western blot results showed that the protein expression of HMGB1 was significantly decreased in the MG-63 cells from HMGB1-siRNA transfection group (p < 0.05), which suggested that HMGB1 was successfully downregulated in the MG-63 cells. Then the changes in proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of MG-63 cells were examined by MTT test, PI staining, annexin V staining, and transwell chamber assay. Results showed that the abilities of proliferation and invasion were suppressed in HMGB1 knockdown MG-63 cells, and the abilities of apoptosis were enhanced in HMGB1 knockdown MG-63 cells. The expression of cyclin D1, MMP-9 was downregulated in HMGB1 knockdown MG-63 cells, and the expression of caspase-3 was upregulated in HMGB1 knockdown MG-63 cells. Taken together, the overexpression of HMGB1 in osteosarcoma might be related to the tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis of osteosarcoma, which might be a potential target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Upregulation of miR-513b inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and promotes apoptosis by targeting high mobility group-box 3 protein in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11081-9. [PMID: 25095979 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group-box 3 (HMGB3) protein belongs to the high mobility group box (HMG-box) subfamily, and recent studies have shown that HMGB3 is an oncogene for leukemia. HMGB3 is also expressed at a high level in the progression phase of breast and gastric cancer (GC). Using bioinformatic analyses, we found that HMGB3 is a potential target for miR-513b. However, the pathophysiological role of miR-513b and its relevance to the growth and development of GC have yet to be investigated. This study focuses on whether miR-513b acts as a tumor suppressor in GC. Compared with non-malignant adjacent tissues samples, qRT-PCR data showed significant downregulation of miR-513b in 74 GC tissue samples (P < 0.01). Furthermore, western blotting revealed that HMGB3 protein was overexpressed in tumor samples relative to matched, non-malignant adjacent tissues. Western blotting and qRT-PCR results showed that high expression of HMGB3 and low expression of miR-513b were both significantly associated with primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and the clinical stage (P < 0.01). MiR-513b was shown to not only inhibit the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells (MKN45 and SGC7901) in the CCK-8 and transwell assays, but also to promote cell apoptosis in a flow-cytometric apoptosis assay. In western blot and luciferase assays, HMGB3 was identified as a major target of miR-513b. Moreover, we also found that the expression of HMGB3 lacking in 3' UTR could abrogate the anti-migration and pro-apoptosis function of miR-513b. These findings suggest the importance of miR-513b targeting of HMGB3 in the regulation of growth, migration and apoptosis of GC, improve our understanding of the mechanisms of GC pathogenesis, and may promote the development of novel targeted therapies.
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