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Leclerc M, Jumel S, Hamelin FM, Treilhaud R, Parisey N, Mammeri Y. Imaging with spatio-temporal modelling to characterize the dynamics of plant-pathogen lesions. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011627. [PMID: 37983276 PMCID: PMC10695395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Within-host spread of pathogens is an important process for the study of plant-pathogen interactions. However, the development of plant-pathogen lesions remains practically difficult to characterize beyond the common traits such as lesion area. Here, we address this question by combining image-based phenotyping with mathematical modelling. We consider the spread of Peyronellaea pinodes on pea stipules that were monitored daily with visible imaging. We assume that pathogen propagation on host-tissues can be described by the Fisher-KPP model where lesion spread depends on both a logistic growth and an homogeneous diffusion. Model parameters are estimated using a variational data assimilation approach on sets of registered images. This modelling framework is used to compare the spread of an aggressive isolate on two pea cultivars with contrasted levels of partial resistance. We show that the expected slower spread on the most resistant cultivar is actually due to a significantly lower diffusion coefficient. This study shows that combining imaging with spatial mechanistic models can offer a mean to disentangle some processes involved in host-pathogen interactions and further development may allow a better identification of quantitative traits thereafter used in genetics and ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melen Leclerc
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Jumel
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Rémi Treilhaud
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Parisey
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Youcef Mammeri
- ICJ, CNRS, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
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2
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The Plant Defense Signal Salicylic Acid Activates the RpfB-Dependent Quorum Sensing Signal Turnover via Altering the Culture and Cytoplasmic pH in the Phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris. mBio 2022; 13:e0364421. [PMID: 35254135 PMCID: PMC9040794 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03644-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant colonization by phytopathogens is a very complex process in which numerous factors are involved. Upon infection by phytopathogens, plants produce salicylic acid (SA) that triggers gene expression within the plant to counter the invading pathogens. The present study demonstrated that SA signal also directly acts on the quorum-sensing (QS) system of the invading pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris to affect its virulence by inducing turnover of the diffusible signaling factor (DSF) family QS signal. First, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection induces SA biosynthesis in the cabbage host plant. SA cannot be degraded by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris during culturing. Exogenous addition of SA or endogenous production of SA induces DSF signal turnover during late growth phase of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in XYS medium that mimics plant vascular environments. Further, the DSF turnover gene rpfB is required for SA induction of DSF turnover. However, SA does not affect the expression of rpfB and DSF biosynthesis gene rpfF at the transcriptional level. SA induction of DSF turnover only occurs under acidic conditions in XYS medium. Furthermore, addition of SA to XYS medium significantly increased both culture and cytoplasmic pH. Increased cytoplasmic pH induced DSF turnover in a rpfB-dependent manner. In vitro RpfB-dependent DSF turnover activity increased when pH increased from 6 to 8. SA exposure did not affect the RpfB-dependent DSF turnover in vitro. Finally, SA-treated Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strain exhibited enhanced virulence when inoculated on cabbage. These results provide new insight into the roles of SA in host plants and the molecular interactions between Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and cruciferous plants.
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Tortosa M, Velasco P, Rodríguez VM, Cartea ME. Changes in Brassica oleracea Leaves Infected With Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris by Proteomics Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:781984. [PMID: 35211128 PMCID: PMC8860909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.781984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plant's response mechanisms against pathogenesis is fundamental for the development of resistant crop varieties and more productive agriculture. In this regard, "omic" approaches are heralded as valuable technologies. In this work, combining isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology with mass spectrometry, the proteomes from leaves of Brassica oleracea plants infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), and control plants at two different post-infection times were compared. Stronger proteomic changes were obtained at 12 days post-infection in comparison with 3 days. The responses observed involved different cell processes, from primary metabolism, such as photosynthesis or photorespiration, to other complex processes such as redox homeostasis, hormone signaling, or defense mechanisms. Most of the proteins decreased in the earlier response were involved in energetic metabolism, whereas later response was characterized by a recovery of primary metabolism. Furthermore, our results indicated that proteolysis machinery and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis could be key processes during this plant-pathogen interaction. Current data provide new insights into molecular mechanisms that may be involved in defense responses of B. oleracea to Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María Elena Cartea
- Group of Genetics, Breeding and Biochemistry of Brassicas, Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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4
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Samal B, Chatterjee S. Bacterial quorum sensing facilitates Xanthomonas campesteris pv. campestris invasion of host tissue to maximize disease symptoms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6524-6543. [PMID: 33993246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) helps the Xanthomonas group of phytopathogens to infect several crop plants. The vascular phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot disease on Brassicaceae leaves, where a typical v-shaped lesion spans both vascular and mesophyll regions with progressive leaf chlorosis. Recently, the role of QS has been elucidated during Xcc early infection stages. However, a detailed insight into the possible role of QS-regulated bacterial invasion in host chlorophagy during late infection stages remains elusive. In this study, using QS-responsive whole-cell bioreporters of Xcc, we present a detailed chronology of QS-facilitated Xcc colonization in the mesophyll region of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) leaves. We report that QS-enabled localization of Xcc to parenchymal chloroplasts triggers leaf chlorosis and promotion of systemic infection. Our results indicate that the QS response in the Xanthomonas group of vascular phytopathogens maximizes their population fitness across host tissues to trigger stage-specific host chlorophagy and establish a systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Samal
- Lab of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhadeep Chatterjee
- Lab of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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5
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Akimoto-Tomiyama C. Multiple endogenous seed-born bacteria recovered rice growth disruption caused by Burkholderia glumae. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4177. [PMID: 33603062 PMCID: PMC7892555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83794-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae is a causal agent of bacterial grain and seedling rot in rice, and is a threat to stable global food supply. The virulence of B. glumae was suppressed when it was inoculated on budding seed rather than on non-budding seed. To clarify the phenomena, pathogen titer inside the rice plant was measured by serial dilution plating of lysates from budding rice seedlings. Surprisingly, morphologically different types of colonies were observed on the plates. These 'contaminated' rice seed-born bacteria (RSB) were identified by sequencing 16S rRNA genes as three strains of Pseudomonas putida (RSB1, RSB10, RSB15) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (RSB2). All bacteria and B. glumae were simultaneously inoculated onto rice seeds, and all three P. putida RSBs suppressed the growth disruption caused by B. glumae, whereas RSB2 had no effect. Thus, the virulence was synergistically suppressed when co-treated with RSBs. The effect could be dependent on the high biofilm formation ability of RSB2. By comprehensive microbiota analysis, endogenous rice flora were changed by RSBs treatment. These results suggest the possibility of novel pathogen control through pre-treatment with endogenous beneficial microorganisms. The method would contribute substantially to the implementation of sustainable agriculture stated in Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Akimoto-Tomiyama
- Plant and Microbial Research Unit, Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan.
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Bourigault Y, Chane A, Barbey C, Jafra S, Czajkowski R, Latour X. Biosensors Used for Epifluorescence and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopies to Study Dickeya and Pectobacterium Virulence and Biocontrol. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020295. [PMID: 33535657 PMCID: PMC7912877 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter-probe vectors carrying fluorescent protein-reporter genes are powerful tools used to study microbial ecology, epidemiology, and etiology. In addition, they provide direct visual evidence of molecular interactions related to cell physiology and metabolism. Knowledge and advances carried out thanks to the construction of soft-rot Pectobacteriaceae biosensors, often inoculated in potato Solanum tuberosum, are discussed in this review. Under epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopies, Dickeya and Pectobacterium-tagged strains managed to monitor in situ bacterial viability, microcolony and biofilm formation, and colonization of infected plant organs, as well as disease symptoms, such as cell-wall lysis and their suppression by biocontrol antagonists. The use of dual-colored reporters encoding the first fluorophore expressed from a constitutive promoter as a cell tag, while a second was used as a regulator-based reporter system, was also used to simultaneously visualize bacterial spread and activity. This revealed the chronology of events leading to tuber maceration and quorum-sensing communication, in addition to the disruption of the latter by biocontrol agents. The promising potential of these fluorescent biosensors should make it possible to apprehend other activities, such as subcellular localization of key proteins involved in bacterial virulence in planta, in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvann Bourigault
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Andrea Chane
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Corinne Barbey
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sylwia Jafra
- Division of Biological Plant Protection, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, ul. A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Robert Czajkowski
- Division of Biologically Active Compounds, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, University of Gdansk, ul. A. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +48-58-523-63-33 (R.C.); +33-235-146-000 (X.L.)
| | - Xavier Latour
- Laboratory of Microbiology Signals and Microenvironment (LMSM EA 4312), University of Rouen Normandy, 55 rue Saint-Germain, F-27000 Evreux, France; (Y.B.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
- Research Federations NORVEGE Fed4277 & NORSEVE, Normandy University, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Correspondence: (R.C.); (X.L.); Tel.: +48-58-523-63-33 (R.C.); +33-235-146-000 (X.L.)
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7
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Complete Genome Sequences of Two Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Isolated in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/2/e01239-19. [PMID: 31919168 PMCID: PMC6952654 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01239-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (MAFF106712 and MAFF302021), which cause black rot in crucifer crops, isolated from Chinese cabbage and cauliflower, respectively, in Japan. The MAFF106712 chromosome was 5,002,720 bp, with a G+C content of 65.2%, and harbored one plasmid of 78,747 bp. The MAFF302021 chromosome was 5,048,651 bp, with a G+C content of 65.1%.
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8
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Samal B, Chatterjee S. New insight into bacterial social communication in natural host: Evidence for interplay of heterogeneous and unison quorum response. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008395. [PMID: 31527910 PMCID: PMC6764700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Many microbes exhibit quorum sensing (QS) to cooperate, share and perform a social task in unison. Recent studies have shown the emergence of reversible phenotypic heterogeneity in the QS-responding pathogenic microbial population under laboratory conditions as a possible bet-hedging survival strategy. However, very little is known about the dynamics of QS-response and the nature of phenotypic heterogeneity in an actual host-pathogen interaction environment. Here, we investigated the dynamics of QS-response of a Gram-negative phytopathogen Xanthomonas pv. campestris (Xcc) inside its natural host cabbage, that communicate through a fatty acid signal molecule called DSF (diffusible signal factor) for coordination of several social traits including virulence functions. In this study, we engineered a novel DSF responsive whole-cell QS dual-bioreporter to measure the DSF mediated QS-response in Xcc at the single cell level inside its natural host plant in vivo. Employing the dual-bioreporter strain of Xcc, we show that QS non-responsive cells coexist with responsive cells in microcolonies at the early stage of the disease; whereas in the late stages, the QS-response is more homogeneous as the QS non-responders exhibit reduced fitness and are out competed by the wild-type. Furthermore, using the wild-type Xcc and its QS mutants in single and mixed infection studies, we show that QS mutants get benefit to some extend at the early stage of disease and contribute to localized colonization. However, the QS-responding cells contribute to spread along xylem vessel. These results contrast with the earlier studies describing that expected cross-induction and cooperative sharing at high cell density in vivo may lead to synchronize QS-response. Our findings suggest that the transition from heterogeneity to homogeneity in QS-response within a bacterial population contributes to its overall virulence efficiency to cause disease in the host plant under natural environment. Pathogenic bacteria synchronize and coordinate the production of virulence associated function-components in a density dependent fashion via quorum sensing. In general, QS-response and regulation has been studied under laboratory conditions in vitro, where the QS-responding bacterial population exhibits heterogeneous QS-response with the emergence of both QS responders and non-responders irrespective of their parental kind, as a possible bet hedging strategy. However, very little is known about the dynamics of QS-response inside the host. Using Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and cabbage as a model plant pathogen-host, we show that there is stage specific interplay of heterogeneous and homogeneous QS-response in the wild-type Xcc population inside the host plant. We show that at the initial stage of the disease, Xcc maintains a stochastically heterogeneous population wherein, the QS non-responders are localized locally and QS-responders contribute to the migration and spread. However at the later stage of disease, the non-responders are outcompeted by the responders, thus minimizing QS signal benefit and in turn maximizing the utilization and optimizing limited recourses in the host. Our findings suggest that the interplay of heterogeneity and homogeneity in QS-response gives a stage specific adaptive advantage in a host-pathogen natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Samal
- Lab of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
- Graduate studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhadeep Chatterjee
- Lab of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
- * E-mail:
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9
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Diab AA, Cao XQ, Chen H, Song K, Zhou L, Chen B, He YW. BDSF Is the Predominant In-Planta Quorum-Sensing Signal Used During Xanthomonas campestris Infection and Pathogenesis in Chinese Cabbage. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:240-254. [PMID: 30570452 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0197-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris uses the diffusible signal factor (DSF) family of quorum-sensing (QS) signals to coordinate virulence and adaptation. DSF family signals have been well-characterized using laboratory-based cell cultures. The in-planta QS signal used during X. campestris pv. campestris infection remains unclear. To achieve this goal, we first mimic in-planta X. campestris pv. campestris growth conditions by supplementing the previously developed XYS medium with cabbage hydrolysate and found that the dominant signal produced in these conditions was BDSF. Secondly, by using XYS medium supplemented with diverse plant-derived compounds, we examined the effects of diverse plant-derived compounds on the biosynthesis of DSF family signals. Several compounds were found to promote biosynthesis of BDSF. Finally, using an X. campestris pv. campestris ΔrpfB-Chinese cabbage infection model and an ultra-performance liquid chromatographic-time of flight-mass spectrometry-based assay, BDSF was found to comprise >70% of the DSF family signals present in infected cabbage tissue. BDSF at a concentration of 2.0 μM induced both protease activity and engXCA expression. This is the first report to directly show that BDSF is the predominant in-planta QS signal used during X. campestris pv. campestris infection. It provides a better understanding of the molecular interactions between X. campestris pv. campestris and its cruciferous hosts and also provides the logical target for designing strategies to counteract BDSF signaling and, thus, infection. Further studies are needed to get an exact idea about the DSF production dynamics of the wild-type strain inside the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelgader Abdeen Diab
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; and
| | - Xue-Qiang Cao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; and
| | - Hui Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; and
| | - Kai Song
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; and
| | - Lian Zhou
- 2 Zhiyuan Innovation Research Centre, Student Innovation Centre, Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Bo Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; and
| | - Ya-Wen He
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; and
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10
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Akimoto‐Tomiyama C, Tanabe S, Kajiwara H, Minami E, Ochiai H. Loss of chloroplast-localized protein phosphatase 2Cs in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to enhancement of plant immunity and resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1184-1195. [PMID: 28815858 PMCID: PMC6637992 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases (PPs) counteract kinases in reversible phosphorylation events during numerous signal transduction pathways in eukaryotes. PP2Cs, one of the four major classes of the serine/threonine-specific PP family, are greatly expanded in plants. Thus, PP2Cs are thought to play a specific role in signal transduction pathways. Some rice PP2Cs classified in subgroup K are responsive to infection by the compatible Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight. In Arabidopsis thaliana, orthologous PP2C genes (AtPP2C62 and AtPP2C26) classified to subgroup K are also responsive to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc, causal agent of black rot) infection. To elucidate the function of these subgroup K PP2Cs, atpp2c62- and atpp2c26-deficient A. thaliana mutants were characterized. A double mutant plant which was inoculated with a compatible Xcc showed reduced lesion development, as well as the suppression of bacterial multiplication. AtPP2C62 and AtPP2C26 localized to the chloroplast. Furthermore, the photosynthesis-related protein, chaperonin-60, was indicated as the potential candidate for the dephosphorylated substrate catalysed by AtPP2C62 and AtPP2C26 using two-dimensional isoelectric focusing sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-IDF-SDS-PAGE). Taken together, AtPP2C62 and AtPP2C26 are suggested to be involved in both photosynthesis and suppression of the plant immune system. These results imply the occurrence of crosstalk between photosynthesis and the plant defence system to control productivity under pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Akimoto‐Tomiyama
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbaraki 305‐8602, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanabe
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbaraki 305‐8602, Japan
- Present address:
Sakata Seed CorporationYokohamaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Kajiwara
- Advanced Analysis CenterNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbaraki 305‐8602, Japan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbaraki 305‐8602, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ochiai
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbaraki 305‐8602, Japan
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11
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Cerutti A, Jauneau A, Auriac MC, Lauber E, Martinez Y, Chiarenza S, Leonhardt N, Berthomé R, Noël LD. Immunity at Cauliflower Hydathodes Controls Systemic Infection by Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:700-716. [PMID: 28184011 PMCID: PMC5462019 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydathodes are water pores found on leaves of a wide range of vascular plants and are the sites of guttation. We report here on the detailed anatomy of cauliflower (Brassicaoleracea) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hydathodes. Hydathode surface presents pores resembling stomata giving access to large cavities. Beneath, the epithem is composed of a lacunar and highly vascularized parenchyma offering a direct connection between leaf surface and xylem vessels. Arabidopsis hydathode pores were responsive to ABA and light similar to stomata. The flg22 flagellin peptide, a well-characterized elicitor of plant basal immunity, did not induce closure of hydathode pores in contrast to stomata. Because hydathodes are natural infection routes for several pathogens, we investigated hydathode infection by the adapted vascular phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot disease of Brassicaceae. Microscopic observations of hydathodes six days postinoculation indicated a digestion of the epithem cells and a high bacterial multiplication. Postinvasive immunity was shown to limit pathogen growth in the epithem and is actively suppressed by the type III secretion system and its effector proteins. Altogether, these results give a detailed anatomic description of Brassicaceae hydathodes and highlight the efficient use of this tissue as an initial niche for subsequent vascular systemic dissemination of Xcc in distant plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Cerutti
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Alain Jauneau
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Marie-Christine Auriac
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Yves Martinez
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.)
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
| | - Laurent D Noël
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, UPS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.C., E.L., R.B., L.D.N.);
- Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Plateforme Imagerie, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France (A.J., M.-C.A., Y.M.); and
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Université Aix-Marseille, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France (S.C., N.L.)
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Sabuquillo P, Gea A, Matas IM, Ramos C, Cubero J. The use of stable and unstable green fluorescent proteins for studies in two bacterial models: Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Arch Microbiol 2016; 199:581-590. [PMID: 27995281 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins have been used to track plant pathogens to understand their host interactions. To be useful, the transgenic pathogens must present similar behaviour than the wild-type isolates. Herein, a GFP marker was used to transform two plant pathogenic bacteria, Agrobacterium and Xanthomonas, to localize and track the bacteria during infection. The transgenic bacteria were evaluated to determine whether they showed the same fitness than the wild-type strains or whether the expression of the GFP protein interfered in the bacterial activity. In Agrobacterium, the plasmid used for transformation was stable in the bacteria and the strain kept the virulence, while Xanthomonas was not able to conserve the plasmid and transformed strains showed virulence variations compared to wild-type strains. Although marking bacteria with GFP to track infection in plants is a common issue, works to validate the transgenic strains and corroborate their fitness are not usual. Results, presented here, confirm the importance of proper fitness tests on the marked strains before performing localization assays, to avoid underestimation of the microbe population or possible artificial effects in its interaction with the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sabuquillo
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología. Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Gea
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología. Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel M Matas
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain.,Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-UPNA, Gobierno de Navarra, 31192, Mutilva, Navarra, Spain
| | - Cayo Ramos
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jaime Cubero
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología. Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Identification of proteins in susceptible and resistant Brassica oleracea responsive to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris infection. J Proteomics 2016; 143:278-285. [PMID: 26825537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cruciferous plants are important edible vegetables widely consumed around the world, including cabbage, cauli-flower and broccoli. The main disease that affects crucifer plants is black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). In order to better understand this specific plant-pathogen interaction, proteins responsive to Xcc infection in resistant (União) and susceptible (Kenzan) Brassica oleracea cultivars were investigated by 2-DE followed by mass spectrometry. A total of 47 variable spots were identified and revealed that in the susceptible interaction there is a clear reduction in the abundance of proteins involved in energetic metabolism and defense. It was interesting to observe that in the resistant interaction, these proteins showed an opposite behavior. Based on our results, we conclude that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense. As a follow-up study, qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes was performed and revealed that most genes showed an up-regulation trend from 5 to 15days after inoculation (DAI), showing highest transcript levels at 15DAI. These results revealed the gradual accumulation of transcripts providing a more detailed view of the changes occurring during different stages of the plant-pathogen interaction. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study we have compared cultivars of Brassica oleracea (cabbage), susceptible and resistant to black rot, by using the classical 2-DE approach. We have found that resistance is correlated with the ability of the plant to keep sufficient photosynthesis metabolism activity to provide energy supplies necessary for an active defense.
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