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Jun SY, Hong SM, Jang KT. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Expression in Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5032. [PMID: 37894399 PMCID: PMC10604933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1, a critical cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-dependent regulator of G1/S transition, has attracted much interest as a therapeutic target. The cyclin D1 expression in small intestinal adenocarcinomas (SIACs) has not yet been comprehensively studied, owing to the rarity of this tumor. We investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the cyclin D1 expression in 232 surgically resected primary SIACs through a multi-institutional study. A high expression of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1High) was detected in 145 SIAC cases (63%), which was significantly higher than that in normal small intestinal mucosa (11%). Cyclin D1High was more commonly found in SIACs with a lower T-category and disease stage and KRAS mutation and predicted better patient survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that cyclin D1High, the absence of retroperitoneal seeding and lymphovascular invasion, and the lower N-category were identified as independent prognostic indicators for patients with SIACs. Specifically, cyclin D1High affected patient survival in the lower stage group (stages I and II). In conclusion, cyclin D1 was commonly overexpressed in SIACs, and cyclin D1High acted as a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with SIACs. These findings in SIACs may, thus, be important to further comprehend the mechanism of cyclin D1 in carcinogenesis and to strategize appropriate patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Jun
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kee-Taek Jang
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Kasprzak A. Prognostic Biomarkers of Cell Proliferation in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Immunohistochemistry to Molecular Biology Techniques. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4570. [PMID: 37760539 PMCID: PMC10526446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and severe malignancies worldwide. Recent advances in diagnostic methods allow for more accurate identification and detection of several molecular biomarkers associated with this cancer. Nonetheless, non-invasive and effective prognostic and predictive testing in CRC patients remains challenging. Classical prognostic genetic markers comprise mutations in several genes (e.g., APC, KRAS/BRAF, TGF-β, and TP53). Furthermore, CIN and MSI serve as chromosomal markers, while epigenetic markers include CIMP and many other candidates such as SERP, p14, p16, LINE-1, and RASSF1A. The number of proliferation-related long non-coding RNAs (e.g., SNHG1, SNHG6, MALAT-1, CRNDE) and microRNAs (e.g., miR-20a, miR-21, miR-143, miR-145, miR-181a/b) that could serve as potential CRC markers has also steadily increased in recent years. Among the immunohistochemical (IHC) proliferative markers, the prognostic value regarding the patients' overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) has been confirmed for thymidylate synthase (TS), cyclin B1, cyclin D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki-67. In most cases, the overexpression of these markers in tissues was related to worse OS and DFS. However, slowly proliferating cells should also be considered in CRC therapy (especially radiotherapy) as they could represent a reservoir from which cells are recruited to replenish the rapidly proliferating population in response to cell-damaging factors. Considering the above, the aim of this article is to review the most common proliferative markers assessed using various methods including IHC and selected molecular biology techniques (e.g., qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization, RNA/DNA sequencing, next-generation sequencing) as prognostic and predictive markers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecicki Street 6, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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3
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Farrash WF, Aslam A, Almaimani R, Minshawi F, Almasmoum H, Alsaegh A, Iqbal MS, Tabassum A, Elzubier ME, El-Readi MZ, Mahbub AA, Idris S, Refaat B. Metformin and thymoquinone co-treatment enhance 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity by suppressing the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α pathway and increasing oxidative stress in colon cancer cells. Biofactors 2023; 49:831-848. [PMID: 36929658 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), metformin (Met), and/or thymoquinone (TQ) single/dual/triple therapies in the HT29, SW480 and SW620 colon cancer (CRC) cell lines. Cell cycle/apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The gene and protein expression of apoptosis (PCNA/survivin/BAX/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3) and cell cycle (CCND1/CCND3/p21/p27) molecules, the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic pathway, and glycolysis regulatory enzymes were measured by quantitative-PCR and Western blot. Markers of oxidative stress were also measured by colorimetric assays. Although all treatments induced anti-cancer effects related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the triple therapy showed the highest pro-apoptotic actions that coincided with the lowest expression of CCND1/CCND3/PCNA/survivin and the maximal increases in p21/p27/BAX/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3 in all cell lines. The triple therapy also revealed the best suppression of the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α pathway by increasing its endogenous inhibitors (PTEN/AMPKα) in all cell lines. Moreover, the lowest expression of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-1 with the highest expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase were seen with the triple therapy, which also showed the highest increases in oxidative stress markers (ROS/RNS/MDA/protein carbonyl groups) alongside the lowest antioxidant levels (GSH/CAT) in all cell lines. In conclusion, this is the first study to reveal enhanced anti-cancer effects for metformin/thymoquinone in CRC that were superior to all monotherapies and the other dual therapies. However, the triple therapy approach showed the best tumoricidal actions related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in all cell lines, possibly by enhancing oxidative glycolysis and augmenting oxidative stress through stronger modulation of the PI3K/mTOR/HIF1α oncogenic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam F Farrash
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Iqbal
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Tabassum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Z El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Amani A Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Lin CH, Lin KH, Ku HJ, Lee KC, Lin SS, Hsu FT. Amentoflavone induces caspase-dependent/-independent apoptosis and dysregulates cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated cell cycle in colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1078-1089. [PMID: 36727907 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is recognized as the third most common malignancy and the second most deadly in highly developed countries. Although the treatment of CRC has improved in the past decade, the mortality rate of CRC is still increasing. Amentoflavone, one of the flavonoids detected in medical plants, is reported to possess potential anticancer properties in various cancers. However, its role in CRC has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of amentoflavone on CRC in vitro and in vivo. We identified the cytotoxicity, apoptosis effect, cell cycle alteration, DNA damage induction and tumor progression inhibition of amentoflavone in HT-29 model by using MTT assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, Western blotting and animal experiments. Amentoflavone induced cytotoxicity is caused by triggering G1 arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis in HT-29 cells. The expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 was decreased by amentoflavone; in contrast, the phosphorylation of ATM and CHK2 and the expression of p21 and p27 were increased. The apoptosis induction of amentoflavone in CRC is not only caspase-dependent but also increases EndoG and AIF nuclear translocation in a caspase-independent manner. Importantly, the apoptosis induction of amentoflavone is not affected by the activity of p53 in CRC. Amentoflavone suppressed the progression of CRC by initiating G1 arrest and ATM/CHK2-mediated DNA damage-responsive, caspase-dependent/independent apoptotic effects. We uncovered a novel tumor-inhibitory role of amentoflavone in CRC that is not associated with p53 activity, which may serve as a potential treatment for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ju Ku
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ching Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Song-Shei Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Jun SY, Kim J, Yoon N, Maeng LS, Byun JH. Prognostic Potential of Cyclin D1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020572. [PMID: 36675501 PMCID: PMC9867305 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is mainly known as an oncogenic driver in cancers, and the dysregulated cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 axis is considered an attractive target for cancer therapy. Recent studies have reported that tumors respond to therapeutic interventions targeting altered cyclin D1 expression via application of the CDK4/6 inhibitor. However, the prognostic and therapeutic contributions of cyclin D1 to colorectal cancer (CRC) remain controversial. Herein, we assessed the associations between cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological factors, including patients' overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), in 495 surgically resected primary CRCs. We also examined previous studies for cyclin D1 in CRCs. High expressions of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1High) was observed in 389 CRC cases (78.6%). Cyclin D1High consistently predicted better patient OS and RFS in CRCs. Based on multivariate analysis, cyclin D1High and young age of patients remained as independent prognosticators of higher OS rate, whereas cyclin D1High, females, chemotherapy, absence of nodal metastasis, and lower T-category remained as independent prognosticators of better RFS. Cyclin D1 is commonly overexpressed in CRCs, and its expression can be used as a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with CRCs; this may be important for predicting responses to subsequent CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Jun
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-280-7368
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Yoon
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
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HSU LICHO, KUO CHENYU, HSU FEITING, CHANG HSINFENG, OU JINGJIM. Hyperforin Suppresses Oncogenic Kinases and Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells. In Vivo 2023; 37:182-189. [PMID: 36593022 PMCID: PMC9843801 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT) are essential for malignant transformation and progression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and can be considered as targets for therapeutic interventions. Hyperforin, an active constituent from Hypericum perforatum, has been reported to inhibit inflammation. However, whether hyperforin may suppress CRC progression via inactivation of JAK/STAT3, ERK or AKT signaling remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human CRC cells were used to identify the treatment efficacy of hyperforin and its underlying mechanisms of action by MTT, flow cytometry, wound healing, and western blotting assays. RESULTS Hyperforin not only induced cytotoxicity, extrinsic/intrinsic apoptosis signaling, but also suppressed the invasion/migration ability of CRC. The phosphorylation of STAT3, JAK1, ERK and AKT was found to be decreased by hyperforin. CONCLUSION Hyperforin inactivates multiple oncogenic kinases and induces apoptosis signaling in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- LI-CHO HSU
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - CHEN-YU KUO
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - FEI-TING HSU
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - HSIN FENG CHANG
- Department of Family Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - JING-JIM OU
- Department of Surgery, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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8
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Mahbub AA. 17β-estradiol Enhances 5-Fluorouracil Anti-Cancer Activities in Colon Cancer Cell Lines. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10040062. [PMID: 36412903 PMCID: PMC9680382 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) represents one of the major constituents of chemotherapy combination regimens in colon cancer (CRC) treatments; however, this regimen is linked with severe adverse effects and chemoresistance. Thus, developing more efficient approaches for CRC is urgently needed to overcome these problems and improve the patient survival rate. Currently, 17β-estradiol (E2) has gained greater attention in colon carcinogenesis, significantly lowering the incidence of CRC in females at reproductive age compared with age-matched males. AIMS This study measured the effects of E2 and/or 5-FU single/dual therapies on cell cycle progression and apoptosis against human HT-29 female and SW480 male primary CRC cells versus their impact on SW620 male metastatic CRC cells. METHODS The HT-29, SW480, and SW620 cells were treated with IC50 of E2 (10 nM) and 5-FU (50 μM), alone or combined (E+F), for 48 h before cell cycle and apoptosis analyses using flow cytometry. RESULTS The data here showed that E2 monotherapy has great potential to arrest the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in all the investigated colon cancer cells, with the most remarkable effects on metastatic cells (SW620). Most importantly, the dual therapy (E+F) has exerted anti-cancer activities in female (HT-29) and male (SW480) primary CRC cells by inducing apoptosis, which was preferentially provoked in the sub-G1 phase. However, the dual treatment showed the smallest effect in SW620 metastatic cells. CONCLUSION this is the first study that demonstrated that the anti-cancer actions of 17β-estradiol and 5-Fluorouracil dual therapy were superior to the monotherapies in female and male primary CRC cells; it is proposed that this treatment strategy could be promising for the early stages of CRC. At the same time, 17β-estradiol monotherapy could be a better approach for treating the metastatic forms of the disease. Nevertheless, additional investigations are still required to determine their precise therapeutic values in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 715, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Association of β-Catenin, APC, SMAD3/4, Tp53, and Cyclin D1 Genes in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:5338956. [PMID: 36072013 PMCID: PMC9402361 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5338956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Accumulating evidence indicates that the expression and/or variants of several genes play an essential role in the progress of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study is a meta-analysis undertaken to estimate the prognosis and survival associated with CTNNB1/β-catenin, APC, Wnt, SMAD3/4, TP53, and Cyclin D1 genes among CRC patients. Methods The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct for relevant reports published between 2000 and 2020 and analyzed them to determine any relationship between the (immunohistochemically/sequencing-detected) gene expression and variants of the selected genes and the survival of CRC patients. Results The analysis included 34,074 patients from 64 studies. To evaluate association, hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated for overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS), with a 95% confidence interval (CIs). Pooled results showed that β-catenin overexpression, APC mutation, SMAD-3 or 4 loss of expression, TP53 mutations, and Cyclin D1 expression were associated with shorter OS. β-Catenin overexpression (HR: 0.137 (95% CI: 0.131–0.406)), loss of expression of SMAD3 or 4 (HR: 0.449 (95% CI: 0.146–0.753)), the mutations of TP53 (HR: 0.179 (95% CI: 0.126–0.485)), and Cyclin D1 expression (HR: 0.485 (95% CI: 0.772–0.198)) also presented risk for shorter DFS. Conclusions The present meta-analysis indicates that overexpression or underexpression and variants of CTNNB1/β-catenin, APC, SMAD3/4, TP53, and Cyclin D1 genes potentially acted as unfavorable biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC. The Wnt gene was not associated with prognosis.
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10
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Almaimani RA, Aslam A, Ahmad J, El-Readi MZ, El-Boshy ME, Abdelghany AH, Idris S, Alhadrami M, Althubiti M, Almasmoum HA, Ghaith MM, Elzubeir ME, Eid SY, Refaat B. In Vivo and In Vitro Enhanced Tumoricidal Effects of Metformin, Active Vitamin D3, and 5-Fluorouracil Triple Therapy against Colon Cancer by Modulating the PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR Network. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061538. [PMID: 35326689 PMCID: PMC8946120 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Failure of chemotherapy is common during the treatment of colon cancer, and there is a compelling need to develop alternative therapeutic approaches against this common malignancy. Metformin, which is an oral hypoglycaemic agent used for treating diabetes mellitus, and vitamin D have shown promising anticancer activities, and both agents boosted the actions of chemotherapy against colon cancer. This study, therefore, measured the potential beneficial effects of adding metformin and/or active vitamin D to the main cytotoxic drug used for treating colon cancer. The results demonstrate that metformin had superior anticancer effects relative to active vitamin D and ameliorated the effects of chemotherapy in animals and in cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study is also the first to report that triple treatment with the drugs of interest showed the best inhibition of cancer progression, which could provide a better therapeutic strategy against colon cancer. Abstract Chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is common during colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. This study measured the chemotherapeutic effects of 5-FU, active vitamin D3 (VD3), and/or metformin single/dual/triple regimens as complementary/alternative therapies. Ninety male mice were divided into: negative and positive (PC) controls, and 5-FU, VD3, Met, 5-FU/VD3, 5-FU/Met, VD3/Met, and 5-FU/VD3/Met groups. Treatments lasted four weeks following CRC induction by azoxymethane. Similar regimens were also applied in the SW480 and SW620 CRC cell lines. The PC mice had abundant tumours, markedly elevated proliferation markers (survivin/CCND1) and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and reduced p21/PTEN/cytochrome C/caspase-3 and apoptosis. All therapies reduced tumour numbers, with 5-FU/VD3/Met being the most efficacious regimen. All protocols decreased cell proliferation markers, inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR molecules, and increased proapoptotic molecules with an apoptosis index, and 5-FU/VD3/Met revealed the strongest effects. In vitro, all therapies equally induced G1 phase arrest in SW480 cells, whereas metformin-alone showed maximal SW620 cell numbers in the G0/G1 phase. 5-FU/Met co-therapy also showed the highest apoptotic SW480 cell numbers (13%), whilst 5-FU/VD3/Met disclosed the lowest viable SW620 cell percentages (81%). Moreover, 5-FU/VD3/Met revealed maximal inhibitions of cell cycle inducers (CCND1/CCND3), cell survival (BCL2), and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR molecules alongside the highest expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p21/p27), proapoptotic markers (BAX/cytochrome C/caspase-3), and PTEN in both cell lines. In conclusion, metformin monotherapy was superior to VD3, whereas the 5-FU/Met protocol showed better anticancer effects relative to the other dual therapies. However, the 5-FU/VD3/Met approach displayed the best in vivo and in vitro tumoricidal effects related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, justifiably by enhanced modulations of the PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Adnan Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelghany H. Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Hussain A. Almasmoum
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mazen M. Ghaith
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubeir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Safaa Yehia Eid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.A.); (M.Z.E.-R.); (M.A.); (M.E.E.); (S.Y.E.)
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, P.O. Box 7607, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (J.A.); (M.E.E.-B.); (A.H.A.); (S.I.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-541162707; Fax: +966-12-5270000 (ext. 4242)
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11
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The Relationship between MACC1/c-Met/Cyclin D1 Axis Expression and Prognosis in ESCC. Anal Cell Pathol 2022; 2022:9651503. [PMID: 35242498 PMCID: PMC8888107 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9651503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, with high incidence and mortality. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MACC1, c-Met, and cyclin D1 in ESCC and its adjacent tissues. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 23.0. Results The high expression of MACC1 and cyclin D1 was significantly correlated with tumor size. High c-Met expression was associated with patient ethnicity. MACC1 expression was positively correlated with both c-Met and cyclin D1. c-Met expression was also positively correlated with cyclin D1. Patients with high expression of MACC1 and c-Met had worse OS; patients with high c-Met expression also had worse PFS. Conclusion MACC1, c-Met, and cyclin D1 proteins are closely related to the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MACC1 may affect the prognosis of ESCC by regulating the expression of the c-Met/cyclin D1 axis.
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12
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Liu Z, Chen C, Yan M, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Lai D. CENPO regulated proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer in a p53-dependent manner. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:8. [PMID: 35201521 PMCID: PMC8810981 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered to be a leading cause of cancer-related death. Centromere protein O (CENPO) can prevent the separation of sister chromatids and cell death after spindle injury. Nevertheless, the role of CENPO in CRC has not been reported. The expression level of CENPO in CRC was revealed by TCGA database and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Subsequently, the loss-of-function assays were performed to identified the role of CENPO in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrated that CENPO was highly expressed in CRC. The expression of CENPO was positively correlated with the deterioration of CRC. Moreover, CENPO knockdown inhibited the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells, which was characterized by slowed proliferation, cycle repression at G2, promotion of apoptosis, reduced migration and weakened tumorigenesis. Furthermore, CENPO knockdown downregulated the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, CCND1, PIK3CA and inhibited AKT phosphorylation in CRC cells. Moreover, the function of CENPO in regulating proliferation and apoptosis depended on p53. In summary, CENPO may play a promoting role in CRC through the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which can be regarded as a molecular therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chuangqi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangtai Zeng
- Department of The First Affiliated Hospital, GanNan Medical University, 23 Qingnian Road, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongming Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong Province, China.
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13
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Manohar SM, Joshi KS. Promising Anticancer Activity of Multitarget Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors against Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022; 15:1024-1033. [PMID: 35068399 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220124125809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and its incidence is steadily rising in developing nations. Cell cycle aberrations due to deregulation of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins are common events during colorectal carcinogenesis. Yet, efficacy of multitarget CDK inhibitors as therapeutic agents has not been much explored against CRC.
Objective:
The anticancer potential of multitarget CDK inhibitor riviciclib (also known as P276-00), was investigated against CRC cell lines of varied genetic background.
Method:
Cytotoxicity of riviciclib - potent CDK1, CDK4 and CDK9-specific inhibitor was evaluated in vitro. Further, its effect on clonogenic potential, cell cycle, apoptosis and transcription was tested using colony forming assay, flow cytometry and western blot analysis respectively. Also, efficacy of riviciclib in combination with standard chemotherapeutic agents was assessed. Dependency of CRC cells on specific CDKs for their survival was confirmed using siRNA studies.
Results:
Riviciclib exerted significant cytotoxicity against CRC cells and inhibited their colony forming potential. It induced apoptosis along with inhibition of cell cycle CDKs and cyclins as well as transcriptional CDKs and cyclins. Moreover, dual combination of riviciclib with standard chemotherapeutic drugs exhibited synergism in CRC cells. siRNA studies indicated that CRC cells are dependent on specific CDKs for their survival which are targets of riviciclib.
Conclusion:
This study provides evidence that multitarget CDK inhibitors can serve as promising therapeutic agents against CRC alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal M. Manohar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia of School of Science, NMIMS (Deemed-to-be) University, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana S. Joshi
- Discovery Engine, Cipla R and D, Cipla Ltd., Vikhroli (West), Mumbai, India
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14
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Inhibition of Growth of Colon Tumors and Proliferation of HT-29 Cells by Warburgia ugandensis Extract through Mediating G 0/G 1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Cell Apoptosis, and Intracellular ROS Generation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:8807676. [PMID: 35003521 PMCID: PMC8736697 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8807676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (W. ugandensis), widely distributed in Africa, is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. We intended to evaluate the anticolorectal cancer (CRC) activities of the crude extract from W. ugandensis (WUD) and reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. We found that WUD inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and induced intracellular ROS generation. The inhibitory effect of WUD on the proliferation of HT-29 and HCT116 cells could be attenuated by NAC (a ROS scavenger) in a dose-dependent manner. WUD induced G0/G1 phase arrest, down-regulated the protein expression of Cyclin D1 via ROS accumulation in HT-29 cells. In search of the molecular mechanism involved in WUD-induced Cyclin D1 down-regulation, it was found that WUD can suppress PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in HT-29 cells. Next, it was found that WUD also activated apoptosis, poly-ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) cleavage and down-regulated pro-caspase 3 in HT-29 and HCT116 cells. Besides, WUD decreased the growth of colon tumors in vivo in the xenograft mouse model. We demonstrated for the first time that ROS and their modulation in the corresponding intracellular signaling could play a significant role in the potential activity of WUD against CRC cells.
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15
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Mahbub AA, Aslam A, Elzubier ME, El-Boshy M, Abdelghany AH, Ahmad J, Idris S, Almaimani R, Alsaegh A, El-Readi MZ, Baghdadi MA, Refaat B. Enhanced anti-cancer effects of oestrogen and progesterone co-therapy against colorectal cancer in males. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:941834. [PMID: 36263327 PMCID: PMC9574067 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.941834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ovarian sex steroids could have protective roles against colorectal cancer (CRC) in women, little is currently known about their potential anti-tumorigenic effects in men. Hence, this study measured the therapeutic effects of 17β-oestradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P4) against azoxymethane-induced CRC in male mice that were divided into (n = 10 mice/group): negative (NC) and positive (PC) controls, E2 (580 µg/Kg/day; five times/week) and P4 (2.9 mg/Kg/day; five times/week) monotherapies, and concurrent (EP) and sequential (E/P) co-therapy groups. Both hormones were injected intraperitoneally to the designated groups for four consecutive weeks. Similar treatment protocols with E2 (10 nM) and/or P4 (20 nM) were also used in the SW480 and SW620 human male CRC cell lines. The PC group showed abundant colonic tumours alongside increased colonic tissue testosterone levels and androgen (AR) and oestrogen (ERα) receptors, whereas E2 and P4 levels with ERβ and progesterone receptor (PGR) decreased significantly compared with the NC group. E2 and P4 monotherapies equally increased ERβ/PGR with p21/Cytochrome-C/Caspase-3, reduced testosterone levels, inhibited ERα/AR and CCND1/survivin and promoted apoptosis relative to the PC group. Both co-therapy protocols also revealed better anti-cancer effects with enhanced modulation of colonic sex steroid hormones and their receptors, with E/P the most prominent protocol. In vitro, E/P regimen showed the highest increases in the numbers of SW480 (2.1-fold) and SW620 (3.5-fold) cells in Sub-G1 phase of cell cycle. The E/P co-therapy also disclosed the lowest percentages of viable SW480 cells (2.8-fold), whilst both co-therapy protocols equally showed the greatest SW620 apoptotic cell numbers (5.2-fold) relative to untreated cells. Moreover, both co-therapy regimens revealed maximal inhibitions of cell cycle inducers, cell survival markers, and AR/ERα alongside the highest expression of cell cycle suppressors, pro-apoptotic molecules, and ERβ/PGR in both cell lines. In conclusion, CRC was associated with abnormal levels of colonic sex steroid hormones alongside aberrant protein expression of their receptors. While the anti-cancer effects of E2 and P4 monotherapies were equal, their combination protocols showed boosted tumoricidal actions against CRC in males, possibly by promoting ERβ and PGR-mediated androgen deprivation together with inhibition of ERα-regulated oncogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A. Mahbub
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Elzubier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed El-Boshy
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdelghany H. Abdelghany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Baghdadi
- Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Bassem Refaat, ;
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16
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The gastrointestinal microbiota in colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 38:495-510. [PMID: 34748126 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cancer in developed countries and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Interest in the influence of the intestinal microbiota on CRC emerged rapidly in the past few years, and the close presence of microbiota to the tumour mass creates a unique microenvironment in CRC. The gastrointestinal microbiota secrete factors that can contribute to CRC metastasis by influencing, for example, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Although the role of EMT in metastasis is well-studied, mechanisms by which gastrointestinal microbiota contribute to the progression of CRC remain poorly understood. In this review, we will explore bacterial factors that contribute to the migration and invasion of colorectal carcinoma and the mechanisms involved. Bacteria involved in the induction of metastasis in primary CRC include Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterococcus faecalis, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Examples of prominent bacterial factors secreted by these bacteria include Fusobacterium adhesin A and Bacteroides fragilis Toxin. Most of these factors induce EMT-like properties in carcinoma cells and, as such, contribute to disease progression by affecting cell-cell adhesion, breakdown of the extracellular matrix and reorganisation of the cytoskeleton. It is of utmost importance to elucidate how bacterial factors promote CRC recurrence and metastasis to increase patient survival. So far, mainly animal models have been used to demonstrate this interplay between the host and microbiota. More human-based models are needed to study the mechanisms that promote migration and invasion and mimic the progression and recurrence of CRC.
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17
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Nandi S, Dey R, Dey S, Samadder A, Saxena A. Naturally Sourced CDK Inhibitors and Current Trends in Structure-Based Synthetic Anticancer Drug Design by Crystallography. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:485-498. [PMID: 34503422 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210908101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the chief regulators in cell proliferation; the kinase activities are largely regulated by their interactions with CDK inhibitors (CKIs) and Cyclins. The association of different CDKs with CDKIs and Cyclins at the cell-cycle checkpoints of different stages of mitotic cell cycle function act more likely as the molecular switches that regulate different transcriptional events required for progression through the cell cycle. A fine balance in response to extracellular and intracellular signals is highly maintained in the orchestrated function of CDKs along with Cyclins and CDKIs for normal cell proliferation. This fine-tuning in mitotic cell cycle progression sometimes gets lost due to dysregulation of CDKs. The aberrant functioning of the CDKIs is therefore studied for its contributions as a vital hallmark of cancers. It has attracted our focus to maneuver cancer therapy. Hence, several synthetic CDKIs and their crystallography-based drug design have been explained to understand their mode of action with CDKs. Since most of the synthetic drugs function by inhibiting the CDK4/6 kinases by competitively binding to their ATP binding cleft, these synthetic drugs are reported to attack the normal, healthy growing cells adjacent to the cancer cells leading to the decrease in the life span of the cancer patients. The quest for traditional natural medicines may have a great impact on the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in the present studies, a search for naturally sourced CDK inhibitors has been briefly focused. Additionally, some synthetic crystallography-based drug design has been explained to elucidate different avenues to develop better anticancer chemotherapeutics, converting natural scaffolds into inhibitors of the CDK mediated abnormal signal transduction with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713. India
| | - Rishita Dey
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713. India
| | - Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235. India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235. India
| | - Anil Saxena
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713. India
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18
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Pournoor E, Mousavian Z, Nowzari-Dalini A, Masoudi-Nejad A. A propagation-based seed-centric local community detection for multilayer environment: The case study of colon adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255718. [PMID: 34370784 PMCID: PMC8351981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of all efforts on community discovery algorithms, it is still an open and challenging subject in network science. Recognizing communities in a multilayer network, where there are several layers (types) of connections, is even more complicated. Here, we concentrated on a specific type of communities called seed-centric local communities in the multilayer environment and developed a novel method based on the information cascade concept, called PLCDM. Our simulations on three datasets (real and artificial) signify that the suggested method outstrips two known earlier seed-centric local methods. Additionally, we compared it with other global multilayer and single-layer methods. Eventually, we applied our method on a biological two-layer network of Colon Adenocarcinoma (COAD), reconstructed from transcriptomic and post-transcriptomic datasets, and assessed the output modules. The functional enrichment consequences infer that the modules of interest hold biomolecules involved in the pathways associated with the carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pournoor
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaynab Mousavian
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Nowzari-Dalini
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Siraj AK, Parvathareddy SK, Annaiyappanaidu P, Ahmed SO, Siraj N, Tulbah A, Al-Dayel F, Ajarim D, Al-Kuraya KS. High Expression of Cyclin D1 is an Independent Marker for Favorable Prognosis in Middle Eastern Breast Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3309-3318. [PMID: 34040395 PMCID: PMC8141388 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s309091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cyclin D1 protein regulates cell cycle progression which is mediated by its interactions with cyclin-dependent kinases. Over-expression of cyclin D1 has been observed in several human cancers. This study was conducted to evaluate cyclin D1 expression in a large cohort of Middle Eastern breast cancers and determine its prognostic significance. Patients and Methods Cyclin D1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically and its association with clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed in 1003 breast cancer patients. Results Cyclin D1 was over-expressed in 59.4% (596/1003) of cases and significantly associated with a subset of breast cancers having favorable prognostic features, such as low grade (p < 0.0001), low stage (p = 0.0276), estrogen receptor (p < 0.0001) and progesterone receptor positive (p < 0.0001) tumors. An inverse association was found with triple negative breast cancers (p < 0.0001). More importantly, cyclin D1 expression was an independent predictor of favorable overall survival in our cohort (hazard ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval = 0.50–0.98; p = 0.0395). Also, tumors that highly expressed cyclin D1 had a longer recurrence-free survival. However, this significant association was seen only in univariate analysis. We also found cyclin D1 to be associated with phospho-Rb in luminal subtype of breast cancer and co-expression of both these markers was an independent predictor of luminal A breast cancer. Conclusion Our results reinforced the role of cyclin D1 in breast cancer pathology and revealed its expression as a valuable independent prognostic indicator for breast cancer from Middle Eastern ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul K Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Padmanaban Annaiyappanaidu
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeeda O Ahmed
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Siraj
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Tulbah
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouad Al-Dayel
- Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahish Ajarim
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawla S Al-Kuraya
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Hosseini SS, Goudarzi H, Ghalavand Z, Hajikhani B, Rafeieiatani Z, Hakemi-Vala M. Anti-proliferative effects of cell wall, cytoplasmic extract of Lactococcus lactis and nisin through down-regulation of cyclin D1 on SW480 colorectal cancer cell line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 12:424-430. [PMID: 33603997 PMCID: PMC7867695 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i5.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer is one of the most types of cancer. Researchers have shown that lactic acid bacteria have antitumor activity. The cell wall of Lactococcus lactis, as the bacterial cytoplasmic extract and nisin can affect the proliferation of cancer cells. Since cyclin D1 plays an important role in the progression of the cell cycle, its regulation can also be a therapeutic approach. We investigated the antiproliferative effect of cell wall, cytoplasmic extract and nisin on SW480 cancer cell line and the expression level of cyclin D1 gene in treated cancer cells. Materials and Methods: SW480 cell lines were treated with different concentrations of bacterial cell wall, cytoplasmic extract and nisin. MTT test was also performed. The expression level of cyclin D1 gene was determined using Real time PCR. Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism software. Results: The growth rate of cancer cells treated with nisin has significantly decreased compared to the cancer cells treated by other two substances (p< 0.05). Survival rates of the cancer cells treated by nisin at a concentration of 2000 μg, cytoplasmic extract, and cell wall were 34%, 47% and 49%, respectively. Real-time PCR results showed that cyclin D1 mRNA expression has significantly decreased in nisin treated sw480 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that nisin, bacterial cytoplasmic extract, and bacterial cell wall have antiproliferative effects, which are associated with the decreased expression of cyclin D1 in SW480 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Sadat Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rafeieiatani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Chao P, Yongheng F, Jin Z, Yu Z, Shiyong Y, Kunxing Y, Yong M. lncRNA HOTAIR knockdown suppresses gastric cancer cell biological activities. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:123-134. [PMID: 33473276 PMCID: PMC7802579 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the involvement of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in gastric cancer development. Measurement of HOTAIR and miRNA-206 expression by in situ hybridization (ISH) and analyzed for the correlation between HOTAIR and miRNA-206 in gastric cancer tissues. To evaluate the effects of HOTAIR in gastric cancer, MTT assay, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound healing assays were applied. To explain the mechanism behind HOTAIR's involvement, the expression of proteins related to it was also measured by Western blotting. Finally, correlations among related factors were determined by a luciferase target experiment. HOTAIR expression significantly increased, and miRNA-206 expression significantly decreased in cancer tissues (p < .01 and p < .001, respectively); HOTAIR knockdown suppressed cell viability, increased cell apoptosis by maintaining cells in the G1 phase, and inhibited cell invasion and migration by regulating miRNA-206 expression (p < .01 or p < .001). Meanwhile, with HOTAIR knockdown, CCND1 and CCND2 protein expressions were significantly suppressed, whereas miRNA-206 expression increased (p < .01 or p < .001). HOTAIR was shown to target miRNA-206 and miRNA-206 targeted CCND1 and CCND2. HOTAIR knockdown had antitumor effects by suppressing CCND1 and CCND2 expression by stimulating miRNA-206 in gastric cancer in vitro study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chao
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Feng Yongheng
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhou Jin
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zhu Yu
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Shiyong
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Kunxing
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ma Yong
- Department of General SurgeryNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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22
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Lin Y, He Z, Ye J, Liu Z, She X, Gao X, Liang R. Progress in Understanding the IL-6/STAT3 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:13023-13032. [PMID: 33376351 PMCID: PMC7762435 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6) not only regulates the cellular immune response, but it also promotes tumor development by activating multiple carcinogenic pathways. IL-6 expression is significantly elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is closely related to CRC development and patient prognosis. In CRC, IL-6 activates signal transducers and activators of transduction-3 (STAT3) to promote tumor initiation and tumor growth. IL-6/STAT3 signalling has a profound effect on tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment in CRC. Additionally, IL-6/STAT3 pathway activates downstream target genes to protect tumor cells from apoptosis; drive tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion and metastasis; promote tumor angiogenesis; and stimulate drug resistance. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the many effects of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in CRC is needed, which the present review examines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqin He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin She
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People's Republic of China
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23
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Aslam A, Ahmad J, Baghdadi MA, Idris S, Almaimani R, Alsaegh A, Alhadrami M, Refaat B. Chemopreventive effects of vitamin D 3 and its analogue, paricalcitol, in combination with 5-fluorouracil against colorectal cancer: The role of calcium signalling molecules. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166040. [PMID: 33338596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vitamin D (VD) is chemoprotective and enhances 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer (CRC), little is known about its potential calcium (Ca2+)-mediated anti-tumorigenic actions. Therefore, this study compared between VD and its non-calcaemic analogue, Paricalcitol (Pcal), ± 5-FU in relation to chemoprevention and Ca2+-mediated apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Seventy male mice were distributed to: negative controls, positive controls (PC), VD, Pcal, 5-FU, VD + 5-FU and Pcal+5-FU groups. All groups, except negative, received two consecutive azoxymethane (AOM)-injections (10 mg/Kg/week) for CRC induction. VD3 (1000 IU/kg; three times/week) and Pcal (1.25 μg/kg; three times/week) injections started week-16 post-AOM and for 10 weeks. Three successive 5-FU cycles began at week-21 (50 mg/Kg/week). Similar protocols with VD3, Pcal and/or 5-FU were applied in the HT29 colon cancer cells. RESULTS The PC group had abundant malignant tumours, markedly elevated proliferation markers (survivin/CCND1) and declines in cyclin-dependent kinase-inhibitor-1A, pro-apoptotic molecules (p53/BAX/cytochrome_C/caspase-3), tissue Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+-dependent proteins (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA). All monotherapies equally reduced tumour numbers and proliferation markers whilst promoting the anti-tumorigenic molecules. VD and/or 5-FU, but not Pcal monotherapy, enhanced Ca2+ levels and Ca2+-related molecules (CaSR/CAM/CAMKIIA/BAX/cytochrome_C) in vivo and in vitro. However, VD + 5-FU co-therapy showed the lowest tumour numbers, the highest cell numbers in sub-G1 phase of cell cycle, alongside the most effective modulations of oncogenes, tumour suppressors and Ca2+-related molecules at the gene and protein levels in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS VD3 was superior than Paricalcitol in potentiating 5-FU cytotoxicity, possibly by upregulating several Ca2+-related molecules involved in tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhmed Aslam
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Alsaegh
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Alhadrami
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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24
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Bahr HI, Ibrahiem AT, Gabr AM, Elbahaie AM, Elmahdi HS, Soliman N, Youssef AM, El-Sherbiny M, Zaitone SA. Chemopreventive effect of α-hederin/carboplatin combination against experimental colon hyperplasia and impact on JNK signaling. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:138-149. [PMID: 33190582 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1849483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the commonest cancer worldwide. α-Hederin is a monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin possessing diverse pharmacological activities. The running experiment was designed to test the chemopreventive activity of α-hederin when used as an adjuvant to carboplatin in an experimental model of mouse colon hyperplasia induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Fifty male Swiss albino mice were classified into five groups: group (I): saline group, group (II): DMH-induced colon hyperplasia control group, group (III): DMH + carboplatin (5 mg/kg) group, group (IV): DMH + α-hederin (80 mg/kg) group, and group (V): DMH + carboplatin (5 mg/kg)+α-hederin (80 mg/kg) group. Analyzing of colonic tissue indicated that the disease control group showed higher colon levels of phospho-PI3K to total-PI3K, phospho-AKT to total-AKT and cyclin D1 concurrent with lower phospho-JNK/total JNK ratio and caspase 3. However, treatment with α-hederin, in combination with carboplatin, favorably ameliorated phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/JNK proteins, increased colon caspase 3 and downregulated cyclin D1. Microscopically, α-hederin, in combination with carboplatin, produced the most reduction in the histologic hyperplasia score, enhanced the goblet cell survival in periodic acid Schiff staining and reduced proliferation (Ki-67 immunostaining) in the current colon hyperplasia model. Collectively, the current study highlighted for the first time that using α-hederin as an adjuvant to carboplatin enhanced its chemopreventive activity, improved JNK signaling and increased apoptosis. Hence, further studies are warranted to test α-hederin as a promising candidate with chemotherapeutic agents in treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda I Bahr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Afaf T Ibrahiem
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Attia M Gabr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaaeldeen M Elbahaie
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hoda S Elmahdi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nema Soliman
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amal M Youssef
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Almaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, Saudi Arabia.,Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Akbari F, Peymani M, Salehzadeh A, Ghaedi K. Integrative in silico and in vitro transcriptomics analysis revealed new lncRNAs related to intrinsic apoptotic genes in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:546. [PMID: 33292233 PMCID: PMC7653898 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is connected to deregulation of apoptosis while the effect of lncRNAs, as critical regulatory molecules, on this pathway is not clear well. The present study aimed to identify differential expression of genes and their related lncRNAs which are significantly associated with intrinsic apoptotic pathway in CRC. Methods The connection between CRC and apoptosis was investigated by literature reviews and the genes were enriched by using Enrichr. At the next step, differential expression of enriched genes were evaluated between normal and tumor populations in data sets and were downloaded from GEO. Then, meta-analysis and probe re-annotation were performed. For lncRNAs selection through the highest expression correlation with each of candidate genes, mRNA-lncRNA interaction of screened genes and all of lncRNAs were visualized using Cytoscape. Identified differential expression genes and lncRNAs were validated using TCGA-COAD and the obtained data were confirmed by in vitro studies in the presence of Ag@Glu-TSC nanoparticle as an apoptotic inducer. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction effect of Ag@Glu-TSC on Caco-2 cells was determined via MTT and Annexin V/PI, respectively. The expression of genes and lncRNAs were assayed in presence of mentioned nanoparticle. Finally, the expression level of desired genes and lncRNAs were proven in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. Results After detection of 48 genes associated with intrinsic apoptosis in CRC according to literature, Enrichr screened 12 common genes involved in this pathway. Among them, 6 genes including BCL2, BCL2L11, BAD, CASP7, CASP9, and CYCS expression reduced in tumor tissue compared to normal according to meta-analysis studies and RNA-seq TCGA data. Afterwards, association of 8 lncRNAs comprising CDKN2B-AS1, LOC102724156, HAGLR, ABCC13, LOC101929340, LINC00675, FAM120AOS, PDCD4-AS1 with more than 5 candidate genes were identified. In vitro studies revealed that four selected lncRNAs including, CDKN2B-AS1, LOC102724156, HAGLR and FAM120AOS were significantly increased in the presence of in optimum concentration of Ag@Glu/TSC and decreased in tumor tissues versus adjacent normal tissues. Conclusion This study developed a new data mining method to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs which are involved in regulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway in CRC quickly using published gene expression profiling microarrays. Moreover, we could validate a number of these regulators in the cellular and laboratory disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Akbari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ali Salehzadeh
- Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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26
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Wang Z, Chen M, Chen Y, Li X, Huang D, Fan S, Xiong W, Li G, Zhang W. Upregulation of cyclin D1 can act as an independent prognostic marker for longer survival time in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23298. [PMID: 32697404 PMCID: PMC7439355 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin D1 is an essential part of oncogenic transformation. We previously proved that cyclin D1 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and promoted the NPC cell proliferation. But the association between cyclin D1 and the clinical outcome of NPC has not yet been determined. The study explores the possible relevance between the cyclin D1 expression and clinical parameters and its predictive value of prognosis in NPC patients. Methods We analyzed the clinical data from 379 NPC patients and 112 non‐NPC patients in our previous study, which made further statistics. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was applied to select the optimal cutoff points. By analyzing the clinical data from 101 NPC patients using Chi‐squared test, we estimated the relationship between the cyclin D1 expression level and clinicopathological parameters. We also used Kaplan‐Meier method and log‐rank test assess and compared the disease‐free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate. The Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to perform the univariate and multivariate analyses. Result Receiver operating curve analysis reported that cyclin D1 was used to differentiate between NPC patients and non‐NPC patients (P < .001, sensitivity: 53.6%, specificity: 85.7%, AUC = 0.752). Cyclin D1 was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = .015). A survival analysis of the 101 NPC patients indicated that the positive expression of cyclin D1 was predictive of a good prognosis (DFS: P = .010, OS: P = .019). Multivariate analysis showed that cyclin D1 could be used independently to predict NPC patients' prognosis (DFS: P = .038). Conclusion The overexpression of cyclin D1 is a good prognostic marker for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingluan Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Donghai Huang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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27
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Ahmed ES, Elnour LS, Hassan R, Siddig EE, Chacko ME, Ali ET, Mohamed MA, Munir A, Muneer MS, Mohamed NS, Edris AMM. Immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 among Sudanese patients diagnosed with benign and malignant prostatic lesions. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:295. [PMID: 32552908 PMCID: PMC7302005 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Prostate cancer (PC) is common cancer worldwide. Several markers have been developed to differentiate between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) from PC. A descriptive retrospective hospital-based study aimed at determining the expression of Cyclin D1 in BPH and PC. The study took place at different histopathology laboratories in Khartoum state, Sudan, from December 2016 to January 2019. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were sectioned and fixed in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coated slides incubated into primary antibody for Cyclin D1. The assessment of immunoreactivity of Cyclin D1 of each section was done using the Gleason scoring system. Results A total of 153 males’ prostate sections included in this study, of them, 120 (78.4%) were PC, and 33 (21.6%) were BPH. Their age ranged from 45 to 88 years, mean age was 66.19 ± 8.599. 142 (92.8%) did not have a family history of PC, while 11 (7.2%) patients reported having a family history. The Gleason scoring showed a total of 81 (52.9%) patients with high-grade and 39 (25.5%) with low-grade. 118 (97.5%) patients had PC showed positive results for Cyclin D1, while BPH was 3 (2.5%). P value < 0.001. Cyclin D1 staining was associated with high-grade Gleason score and perineural invasion, P value 0.001.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lubna S Elnour
- Department of Cytology and Histopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rowa Hassan
- Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Emmanuel E Siddig
- Mycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Cytology and Histopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Nile University- School of Medicine, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Alfarrabi College for Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Eman T Ali
- Department of Cytology and Histopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mona A Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nile University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdalla Munir
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National University Research Institute, National University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed S Muneer
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nouh S Mohamed
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nile University, Khartoum, Sudan. .,Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Sinnar University, Sinnar, Sudan. .,Molecular Biology Department, Alfarrabi College for sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ali M M Edris
- Department of Cytology and Histopathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.,Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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28
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Gao F, Zhou L, Li M, Liu W, Yang S, Li W. Inhibition of ERKs/Akt-Mediated c-Fos Expression Is Required for Piperlongumine-Induced Cyclin D1 Downregulation and Tumor Suppression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:5591-5603. [PMID: 32606774 PMCID: PMC7304781 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s251295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of Cyclin D1 and cell cycle progression plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. The natural compound piperlongumine (PL) exhibits potential anticancer effects in various cancer models, but the underlying mechanism needs further elucidation. Methods The inhibitory effect of PL on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was determined by anchorage-dependent and -independent assays. The protein level of Cyclin D1 was examined by immunoblot (IB) and immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The mRNA level was determined by qRT-PCR. Phosphorylation of histone H3 was analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF). The cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry. The in vivo antitumor effect was validated by the xenograft mouse model. Results Cyclin D1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and cells, and was required for maintaining cell growth, colony formation, and in vivo tumorigenesis. PL decreased the protein level of c-Fos, which eventually reduced the transcriptional activity of AP-1 and the mRNA level of Cyclin D1. Mechanism study showed that PL impaired EGF-induced activation of ERK1/2 and Akt signalings, which resulted in a reduction of c-Fos transcription. Furthermore, PL reduced the half-life of c-Fos and caused the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of c-Fos. Finally, the in vivo antitumor effect of PL on CRC cells was examined using a xenograft mouse model. Conclusion Our data indicate that PL is a promising antitumor agent that deserves further study for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.,Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, People's Republic of China.,School of Stomatology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China
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29
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Yang JF, Shi SN, Xu WH, Qiu YH, Zheng JZ, Yu K, Song XY, Li F, Wang Y, Wang R, Qu YY, Zhang HL, Zhou XQ. Screening, identification and validation of CCND1 and PECAM1/CD31 for predicting prognosis in renal cell carcinoma patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12057-12079. [PMID: 31850854 PMCID: PMC6949065 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite intense efforts to elucidate its pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms and genetic characteristics of this cancer remain unknown. In this study, three expression profile data sets (GSE15641, GSE16441 and GSE66270) were integrated to identify candidate genes that could elucidate functional pathways in ccRCC. Expression data from 63 ccRCC tumors and 54 normal samples were pooled and analyzed. The GSE profiles shared 379 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 249 upregulated genes, and 130 downregulated genes. A protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape. Functional and signaling pathways of the shared DEGs with significant p values were identified. Kaplan-Meier plots of integrated expression scores were used to analyze survival outcomes. These suggested that FN1, ICAM1, CXCR4, TYROBP, EGF, CAV1, CCND1 and PECAM1/CD31 were independent prognostic factors in ccRCC. Finally, to investigate early events in renal cancer, we screened for the hub genes CCND1 and PECAM1/CD31. In summary, integrated bioinformatics analysis identified candidate DEGs and pathways in ccRCC that could improve our understanding of the causes and underlying molecular events of ccRCC. These candidate genes and pathways could be therapeutic targets for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Yang
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Shen-Nan Shi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hao Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Hua Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Kui Yu
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Song
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qiu Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Pudong Branch of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200126, China
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Li Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Fang L, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Yan L, Tang Y, Fan Y. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1401-1409. [PMID: 31748879 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that cyclin D1 shown the potential as a tumor biomarker. However, the prognostic value of cyclin D1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains controversial. This study investigated the correlation of cyclin D1 expression with the prognostic and clinicopathological features in RCC patients. We systematically searched the database of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science updated on November 26, 2017. Eighteen studies with 2282 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results demonstrated that cyclin D1 overexpression in RCC showed significant favorable prognostic impact on disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43-0.74) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.41-0.85) without significant heterogeneity. In subgroup of clear cell RCC, the prognostic effect on DFS was robust and the pooled HR was 0.39 (95% CI: 0.27-0.57). However, no association between overall survival (OS) and cyclin D1 expression was observed. Stratified analysis in DFS studies by sample size, staining patterns race and metastasis status showed similar results. Otherwise, cyclin D1 overexpression predicted a reduced prevalence of high TNM stage (T3 + T4) (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.99), high-grade tumor (G3 + G4) (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.31-0.81) and large tumor size (OR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.62). Our meta-analysis indicated that cyclin D1 overexpression could predict the favorable prognosis in patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikai Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Tang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yidong Fan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Albasri AM, Elkablawy MA, Ansari IA, Alhujaily AS. Prognostic Significance of Cyclin D1 Over-expression in Colorectal Cancer: An Experience from Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2471-2476. [PMID: 31450922 PMCID: PMC6852817 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aim: Cyclin D1 is a key regulatory protein in the cell cycle and is over-expressed in many tumors, including endometrial, thyroid, urothelial, breast, brain gliomas, and esophageal cancers. The main aim of the present study is to examine the expression pattern of cyclin D1 and its correlation with the different clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal camcer (CRC) from the Madinah region of Saudi Arabia. Patients and methods: The archival tumor blocks were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for Cyclin D1 over-expression in 324 CRC patients diagnosed from January 2006 to December 2017, at the Department of Pathology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Cyclin D1 over-expression was absent in normal mucosa, while 15% cases of adenoma showed its over-expression. In CRC, Cyclin D1 was expressed at high levels in 24.1% of case. No significant correlation was observed between Cyclin D1 over-expression and age, gender, tumor size, type and location. However, Cyclin D1 over-expression exhibited a significant correlation with tumor differentiation (p=0.04), lymph node involvement (p=0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.001), distant metastasis (p=0.006) and AJCC staging (p=0.001). The Kaplan-Meir analysis revealed a shorter period of survival with Cyclin D1 over-expression (p=0.000). The Cox-regression model analysis showed that Cyclin D1 over-expression was an independent prognostic marker in CRC (p=0.000). Conclusion: Cyclin D1 over-expression increases during normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The significant association observed between Cyclin D1 over-expression, advanced tumor stage and short survival period clearly suggest the role of Cyclin D1 in the carcinogenesis and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader Mohammed Albasri
- Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Universities Road, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Aboulmatty Elkablawy
- Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Universities Road, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pathology, Menofia University, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Irfan Altaf Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Taibah University, Universities Road, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Safar Alhujaily
- Department of Pathology, King Fahd Hospital, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wang B, Wang Z, Han L, Gong S, Wang Y, He Z, Feng Y, Yang Z. Prognostic significance of cyclin D3 expression in malignancy patients: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:158. [PMID: 31198407 PMCID: PMC6558842 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a pivotal regulator, cyclin D3 gives play to a crucial value in conversion from the G1 stage to the S stage of cell cycle, which is implicated in tumor progression, especially proliferation
and migration. Recent literatures have reported that cyclin D3 could predict survival time of malignancy patients. But, its prognostic role of cyclin D3 in neoplasms remains controversial. Methods Databases involving EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science were carefully searched, and literatures investigating the prognostic effect of aberrantly expressing cyclin D3 among human cancers were collected for further analysis. We used both hazards ratios and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals to evaluate the connection among the survival rate of malignancy patients and the expression of cyclin D3. Results There were 13 eligible researches involving 16 cohorts and 2395 participants which were included in this study. The outcomes suggested that highly expressing cyclin D3 was significantly correlated with worse clinical prognosis of overall survival (HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.31–2.69) and disease specific survival (HR 2.68; 95% CI 1.35–5.31). But there existed no significant connection between the elevated expression of cyclin D3 with disease free survival (HR 2.65; 95% CI 0.83–8.46), recurrence-free survival (HR 2.86; 95% CI 0.82–9.96) and progression-free survival (HR 5.24; 95% CI 0.46–60.25) of diffident kinds of malignancy patients. Moreover, we discovered that elevated cyclin D3 expression was significantly connected with decreased overall survival in lymphoma (HR 3.72; 95% CI 2.18–6.36) while no significant relevance between highly expressing cyclin D3 and the overall survival in breast cancer was obtained (HR 2.12; 95% CI 0.76–5.91). Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrated that highly expressing cyclin D3 might be an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for various malignancy patients, which can make great contributions to the clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- 1Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zijian Wang
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital Affiliated Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021 China
| | - Lizhi Han
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Song Gong
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yanxue Wang
- 1Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhiwen He
- 1Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yong Feng
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- 1Department of Rehabilitation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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Identification of Transcriptional Signatures of Colon Tumor Stroma by a Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8752862. [PMID: 31186640 PMCID: PMC6521457 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8752862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The tumor stroma plays pivotal roles in influencing tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Transcriptional signatures of colon tumor stroma (CTS) are significantly associated with prognosis of colon cancer. Thus, identification of the CTS transcriptional features could be useful for colon cancer diagnosis and therapy. Methods By a meta-analysis of three CTS gene expression profiles datasets, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CTS and colon normal stroma. Furthermore, we identified the pathways, upstream regulators, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network that were significantly associated with the DEGs. Moreover, we analyzed the enrichment levels of immune signatures in CTS. Finally, we identified CTS-associated gene signatures whose expression was significantly associated with prognosis in colon cancer. Results We identified numerous significantly upregulated genes (such as CTHRC1, NFE2L3, SULF1, SOX9, ENC1, and CCND1) and significantly downregulated genes (such as MYOT, ASPA, KIAA2022, ARHGEF37, BCL-2, and PPARGC1A) in CTS versus colon normal stroma. Furthermore, we identified significantly upregulated pathways in CTS that were mainly involved in cellular development, immune regulation, and metabolism, as well as significantly downregulated pathways in CTS that were mostly metabolism-related. Moreover, we identified upstream TFs (such as SUZ12, NFE2L2, RUNX1, STAT3, and SOX2), kinases (such as MAPK14, CSNK2A1, CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4), and master metabolic transcriptional regulators (MMTRs) (such as HNF1A, NFKB1, ZBTB7A, GATA2, and GATA5) regulating the DEGs. We found that CD8+ T cells were more enriched in CTS than in colon normal stroma. Interestingly, we found that many of the DEGs and their regulators were prognostic markers for colon cancer, including CEBPB, PPARGC1, STAT3, MTOR, BCL2, JAK2, and CDK1. Conclusions The identification of CTS-specific transcriptional signatures may provide insights into the tumor microenvironment that mediates the development of colon cancer and has potential clinical implications for colon cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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p53 expression status is associated with cancer-specific survival in stage III and high-risk stage II colorectal cancer patients treated with oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:797-805. [PMID: 30894685 PMCID: PMC6474280 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We attempted to elucidate whether p53 expression or TP53 mutation status was associated with cancer-specific survival in adjuvant FOLFOX-treated patients with stage III or high-risk stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We analysed CRCs (N = 621) for the presence of TP53 alterations and for p53 expression, using targeted resequencing and immunohistochemistry. CRCs were grouped into four subsets according to the p53 expression status, which included p53-no, mild, moderate and strong expression. RESULTS The distributions of CRCs were 19.85, 11.05, 17.7% and 51.5% in the p53-no, mild, moderate and strong expression groups, respectively. Cases in the p53-mild to moderate expression group were associated with a more frequent proximal location, undifferentiated histology, lower N category, extraglandular mucin production, microsatellite instability, CIMP-P1, CK7 expression and decreased CDX2 expression compared with those of cases of the p53-no expression and p53-strong expression groups. According to survival analysis, the p53-mild expression group showed a poor 5-year relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR): 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-4.60, P < 0.001) and poor 5-year cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.90, 95% CI = 1.28-6.57, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS p53-mild expression status was found to be an independent prognostic marker in adjuvant FOLFOX-treated patients with stage III and high-risk stage II CRC.
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Tian ZH, Yuan C, Yang K, Gao XL. Systematic identification of key genes and pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma on bioinformatics analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:89. [PMID: 31019939 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of adult renal neoplasm and has a poor prognosis owing to a limited understanding of the disease mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore and identify the key genes and signaling pathways in ccRCC. Methods The GSE36895 gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened using software packages in R. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed with Cytoscape software, and submodules were subsequently analyzed using the MCODE plug-in. Results Twenty-nine ccRCC samples and 23 normal samples were incorporated into this study, and a total of 468 DEGs were filtered, consisting of 180 upregulated genes and 288 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response, response to wounding, inflammatory response, and response to hypoxia, whereas downregulated genes were mainly enriched in ion transport, anion transport, and monovalent inorganic cation transport biological processes (BPs). According to Molecular Complex Detection analysis in PPI, C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF had higher degrees of connectivity and could participate in the majority of important pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, the chemokine signaling pathway, and the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Conclusions Our study suggests that C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF may play key roles in the progression of ccRCC, which will be useful for future studies on the underlying mechanisms of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Tian
- Medical Department, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing-Liang Gao
- Department of Lung Disease and Diabetes, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Prefecture Central Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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Kim HN, Park GH, Park SB, Kim JD, Eo HJ, Son HJ, Song JH, Jeong JB. Extracts from Sageretia thea reduce cell viability through inducing cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation and HO-1 expression in human colorectal cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:43. [PMID: 30736789 PMCID: PMC6368743 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Sageretia thea (S. thea) has been used as the medicinal plant for treating hepatitis and fevers in Korea and China. Recently, anticancer activity of S. thea has been reported, but the potential mechanism for the anti-cancer property of S. thea is still insufficient. Thus, we evaluated whether extracts from the leaves (STL) and branches (STB) of S. thea exert anticancer activity and elucidated its potential mechanism in SW480 cells. Methods MTT assay was performed for measuring cell viability. Western blot and RT-PCR were used for analyzing the level of protein and mRNA, respectively. Results Treatment of STL or STB decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis in SW480 cells. Decreased level of cyclin D1 protein was observed in SW480 cells treated with STL or STB, but no change in cyclin D1 mRNA level was observed with the treatment of STL or STB. MG132 blocked downregulation of cyclin D1 protein by STL or STB. Thr286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1 by STL or STB occurred faster than downregulation of cyclin D1 protein in SW480 cells. When SW480 cells were transfected with T286A-cyclin D1, cyclin D1 degradation by STL or STB did not occur. Inhibition of GSK3β and cyclin D1 nuclear export attenuated STL or STB-mediated cyclin D1 degradation. In addition, STL or STB increased HO-1 expression, and the inhibition of HO-1 attenuated the induction of apoptosis by STL or STB. HO-1 expression by STL or STB resulted from Nrf2 activation through ROS-dependent p38 activation. Conclusions These results indicate that STL or STB may induce GSK3β-dependent cyclin D1 degradation, and increase HO-1 expression through activating Nrf2 via ROS-dependent p38 activation, which resulted in the decrease of the viability in SW480 cells. These findings suggest that STL or STB may have great potential for the development of anti-cancer drug.
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The Impact of Coffee and Its Selected Bioactive Compounds on the Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer In Vivo and In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123309. [PMID: 30551667 PMCID: PMC6321559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Coffee contains bioactive compounds that affect the human body such as caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, diterpenes, and melanoidins. Some of them have demonstrated potential anticarcinogenic effects in animal models and in human cell cultures, and may play a protective role against colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the USA and other countries. Dietary patterns, as well as the consumption of beverages, may reduce the risk of CRC incidence. In this review, we focus on published epidemiological studies concerning the association of coffee consumption and the risk of development of colorectal cancer, and provide a description of selected biologically active compounds in coffee that have been investigated as potential cancer-combating compounds: Caffeine, caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acids (CGAs), and kahweol in relation to colorectal cancer progression in in vitro settings. We review the impact of these substances on proliferation, viability, invasiveness, and metastasis, as well as on susceptibility to chemo- and radiotherapy of colorectal cancer cell lines cultured in vitro.
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Expression of long non-coding RNA CCHE1 in colorectal carcinoma: correlations with clinicopathological features and ERK/COX-2 pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:657-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chen G, Hu M, Qu X, Wang K, Qu Y. MicroRNA‑584 directly targets CCND1 and inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in pancreatic cancer. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:719-726. [PMID: 30431107 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple previous studies have demonstrated that the dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is implicated in the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, a further characterisation of deregulated miRNAs in pancreatic cancer may provide novel insight into the oncogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer, which may facilitate the identification of effective therapeutic targets for treating patients with this disease. In the present study, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the expression level of miRNA‑584‑5p (miR‑584) was significantly decreased in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. It was demonstrated that restoration of miR‑584 expression significantly suppressed the proliferative and invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that cyclin D1 (CCND1) was a putative target of miR‑584. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that CCND1 was a direct target gene of miR‑584 in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of CCND1 mimicked the suppressive effect of miR‑584 overexpression in pancreatic cancer cells. The restoration of CCND1 expression significantly abolished the inhibitory effects of miR‑584 overexpression on pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that miR‑584 inhibited the development of pancreatic cancer by directly targeting CCND1, suggesting that this miRNA may represent a potential therapeutic target for this fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Xiusheng Qu
- Department of Radiochemotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
| | - Yikun Qu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154003, P.R. China
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Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research cancer prevention recommendations and WNT-pathway-related markers of bowel cancer risk. Br J Nutr 2018; 122:509-517. [PMID: 30255827 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bowel cancer risk is strongly influenced by lifestyle factors including diet and physical activity. Several studies have investigated the effects of adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) cancer prevention recommendations on outcomes such as all-cause and cancer-specific mortality, but the relationships with molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects on bowel cancer risk are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and wingless/integrated (WNT)-pathway-related markers of bowel cancer risk, including the expression of WNT pathway genes and regulatory microRNA (miRNA), secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) methylation and colonic crypt proliferative state in colorectal mucosal biopsies. Dietary and lifestyle data from seventy-five healthy participants recruited as part of the DISC Study were used. A scoring system was devised including seven of the cancer prevention recommendations and smoking status. The effects of total adherence score and scores for individual recommendations on the measured outcomes were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation analysis and unpaired t tests, respectively. Total adherence score correlated negatively with expression of Myc proto-oncogene (c-MYC) (P=0·039) and WNT11 (P=0·025), and high adherers had significantly reduced expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) (P=0·042), WNT11 (P=0·012) and c-MYC (P=0·048). Expression of axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β), catenin β1 (CTNNB1) and WNT11 and of the oncogenic miRNA miR-17 and colonic crypt kinetics correlated significantly with scores for individual recommendations, including body fatness, red meat intake, plant food intake and smoking status. The findings from this study provide evidence for positive effects of adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations on WNT-pathway-related markers of bowel cancer risk.
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Hashemi Goradel N, Heidarzadeh S, Jahangiri S, Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Khanlarkhani N, Negahdari B. Fusobacterium nucleatumand colorectal cancer: A mechanistic overview. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2337-2344. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran Iran
| | - Siamak Heidarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and VirologyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and VirologySchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShiraz Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and RadiologyFaculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical SciencesKashan Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of AnatomySchool of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical SciencesSanandaj Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of AnatomySchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical BiotechnologySchool of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran Iran
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Han B, Feng D, Yu X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhou L. Identification and Interaction Analysis of Molecular Markers in Colorectal Cancer by Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6059-6069. [PMID: 30168505 PMCID: PMC6129036 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an extremely common gastrointestinal malignancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three mRNA and 2 microRNA microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (DEMs) were obtained. The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) program was utilized to perform gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted to determine overall survival (OS) estimates. DEMs targets were predicted by miRWalk. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was utilized to detect the expression of genes and microRNAs. RESULTS A total of 264 DEGs and 8 DEMs were obtained. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in terms of cell structure, digestion, receptor binding, and extracellular material (ECM). KEGG pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in ECM interaction and mineral absorption. Additionally, a PPI network consisting of 181 nodes and 450 edges was established. Three modules with 38 high-degree hubs were extracted from the PPI network and found to be involved in pathways such as chemokine signaling. Five DEGs located in the network of DEM-DEG pairs were associated with the overall survival of CRC patients. Furthermore, hsa-miR-551b was demonstrated to be significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues. CONCLUSIONS The key biomarkers could provide new clues for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Health Service Center of Southeast Community, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Yu
- Health Service Center of Southeast Community, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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Sánchez-Botet A, Gasa L, Quandt E, Hernández-Ortega S, Jiménez J, Mezquita P, Carrasco-García MÀ, Kron SJ, Vidal A, Villanueva A, Ribeiro MPC, Clotet J. The atypical cyclin CNTD2 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11797. [PMID: 30087414 PMCID: PMC6081371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with 8–10% of these tumours presenting a BRAF (V600E) mutation. Cyclins are known oncogenes deregulated in many cancers, but the role of the new subfamily of atypical cyclins remains elusive. Here we have performed a systematic analysis of the protein expression levels of eight atypical cyclins in human CRC tumours and several cell lines, and found that CNTD2 is significantly upregulated in CRC tissue compared to the adjacent normal one. CNTD2 overexpression in CRC cell lines increases their proliferation capacity and migration, as well as spheroid formation capacity and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, CNTD2 increases tumour growth in vivo on xenograft models of CRC with wild-type BRAF. Accordingly, CNTD2 downregulation significantly diminished the proliferation of wild-type BRAF CRC cells, suggesting that CNTD2 may represent a new prognostic factor and a promising drug target in the management of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abril Sánchez-Botet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Gasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Quandt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Hernández-Ortega
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Jiménez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Mezquita
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Àngel Carrasco-García
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), CIBERONC, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Xenopat S.L., Business Bioincubator, Bellvitge Health Science Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Chemoresistance and Predictive Factors Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana P C Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Clotet
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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Park GH, Song HM, Park SB, Son HJ, Um Y, Kim HS, Jeong JB. Cytotoxic activity of the twigs of Cinnamomum cassia through the suppression of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:28. [PMID: 29554905 PMCID: PMC5858136 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Because twigs of Cinnamomum cassia (TC) have been reported to exert anti-cancer activity, the mechanistic study for TC’s anti-cancer activity is required. Thus, we elucidated the potential molecular mechanism of TC’s anti-proliferative effect and the induction of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Methods How water extracts form TC (TC-HW) was used in this study. Anti-cell proliferative effect of TC-HW was evaluated by MTT assay. The change of protein or mRNA level by TC-HW was evaluated by Western blot and RT-RCR, respectively. The promoter construct for ATF3, NF-κB, TOP-FLASH or FOP-FLASH was used for the investigation of the transcriptional activity for ATF3, NF-κB or Wnt. siRNA for ATF3 or p65 was used for the knockdown of ATF3 and p65. Results TC-HW reduced the cell viability in human colorectal cancer cells. TC-HW decreased cyclin D1 protein level through cyclin D1 degradation via GSK3β-dependent threonine-286 (T286) phosphorylation of cyclin D1, indicating that cyclin D1 degradation may contribute to TC-HW-mediated decrease of cyclin D1 protein level. TC-HW downregulated the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA level and inhibited Wnt activation through the downregulation of β-catenin and TCF4 expression, indicating that inhibition of cyclin D1 transcription may also result in TC-HW-mediated decrease of cyclin D1 protein level. In addition, TC-HW was observed to induce apoptosis through ROS-dependent DNA damage. TC-HW-induced ROS increased NF-κB and ATF3 activation, and inhibition of NF-κB and ATF3 activation attenuated TC-HW-mediated apoptosis. Conclusions Our results suggest that TC-HW may suppress cell proliferation through the downregulation of cyclin D1 via proteasomal degradation and transcriptional inhibition, and may induce apoptosis through ROS-dependent NF-κB and ATF3 activation. These effects of TC-HW may contribute to the reduction of cell viability in human colorectal cancer cells. From these findings, TC-HW has potential to be a candidate for the development of chemoprevention or therapeutic agents for human colorectal cancer.
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Salem AM, Elfeky MA, Nawar N, Alattar AZ, Elekiabi OA, Elaidy MM. Prognostic Value of Combined; Cox-2, Cyclin D1 and P21 Expression in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Patients: An Immunohistochemical Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpathology.2018.83013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Xie M, Zhao F, Zou X, Jin S, Xiong S. The association between CCND1 G870A polymorphism and colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8269. [PMID: 29049220 PMCID: PMC5662386 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CyclinD1 (CCND1) is a key cell cycle regulatory protein. A large number of epidemiological studies have assessed the potential correlation between the CCND1 G870A polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but their findings have been inconsistent. To obtain a more precise understanding of the association between the G870A polymorphism in the CCND1 gene and the CRC risk, we conducted a more comprehensive meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY We searched PubMed, Ovid, Springer, Weipu, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases, covering all publications (the last search was updated on January 10, 2017). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from a fixed effect or random effect model. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 10.0 software. RESULTS A total of 7276 CRC patients and 9667 controls from 27 publications were included in this meta-analysis. We found that compared with GG homozygote genetic model, AA, AG, AA + AG genetic models of the CCND1 G870A polymorphism were significantly associated with overall CRC risk (AA homozygote genetic model: OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.10-1.49; AG heterozygote genetic model: OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06-1.25; AA homozygote + AG heterozygote genetic model: OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.33). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity and cancer location showed that A carriers were consistently associated with a significantly increased risk of CRC in all subsets of participants (Asian and Caucasian; colon cancer and rectal cancer). When stratified by study design, we found a significant association in hospital-based studies (HB), but no significant associations were found in either population-based studies (PB) or family-based studies (FB). According to subgroup analysis by cancer type, the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (sCRC) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) were not correlated with the CCND1 G870A polymorphism, except AG (AG vs GG: OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.11-1.53). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that the CCND1 G870A polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of CRC, especially that A carriers may be a major risk factor for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xie
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Fen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Zou
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Shuai Jin
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
| | - Shaoquan Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital
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47
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Xie ZC, Dang YW, Wei DM, Chen P, Tang RX, Huang Q, Liu JH, Luo DZ. Clinical significance and prospective molecular mechanism of MALAT1 in pancreatic cancer exploration: a comprehensive study based on the GeneChip, GEO, Oncomine, and TCGA databases. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3991-4005. [PMID: 28860807 PMCID: PMC5558580 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to function as regulators in the development and occurrence of various tumors. MALAT1 is a highly conserved lncRNA and has vital functions in diverse tumors, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanism involved in the occurrence and development of PC remains largely unknown. Thus, it is important to explore MALAT1 in PC and elucidate its function, which might offer a new perspective for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Methods First, we used the Gene Expression Omnibus, Oncomine, and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases to determine the clinical diagnostic and prognostic values of MALAT1. We next used our own GeneChip and The Cancer Genome Atlas database to collect the possible target genes of MALAT1 and further utilized a bioinformatics analysis to explore the underlying significant pathways that might be crucial in PC. Finally, we identified several key target genes of MALAT1 and hope to offer references for future research. Results We found that the expression of MALAT1 was significantly elevated in patients with PC. A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis showed a moderate diagnostic value (area under the curve =0.75, sensitivity =0.66, specificity =0.72). A total of 224 important overlapping genes were collected, and six hub genes (CCND1, MAPK8, VEGFA, FOS, CDH1, and HSP90AA1) were identified, of which CCND1, MAPK8, and VEGFA, are important genes in PC. Several pathways, including the mTOR signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and the MAPK signaling pathway, were suggested to be the vital MALAT1 pathways in PC. Conclusion MALAT1 is suggested to be a promising diagnostic biomarker in PC. Six hub genes (CCND1, MAPK8, VEGFA, FOS, CDH1, and HSP90AA1), and specifically CCND1, MAPK8, and VEGFA, might be key MALAT1 target genes in PC. Due to their possible clinical significance in PC, several pathways, such as the mTOR signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and the MAPK signaling pathway, are worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology.,Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Santos MD, Silva C, Rocha A, Nogueira C, Castro-Poças F, Araujo A, Matos E, Pereira C, Medeiros R, Lopes C. Predictive clinical model of tumor response after chemoradiation in rectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58133-58151. [PMID: 28938543 PMCID: PMC5601639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival improvement in rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is achieved only if pathological response occurs. Mandard tumor regression grade (TRG) proved to be a valid system to measure nCRT response. The ability to predict tumor response before treatment may significantly have impact the selection of patients for nCRT in rectal cancer. The aim is to identify potential predictive pretreatment factors for Mandard response and build a clinical predictive model design. 167 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with nCRT and curative surgery. Blood cell counts in peripheral blood were analyzed. Pretreatment biopsies expression of cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and protein 21 were assessed. A total of 61 single nucleotide polymorphisms were characterized using the Sequenom platform through multiplex amplification followed by mass-spectometric product separation. Surgical specimens were classified according to Mandard TRG. The patients were divided as: "good responders" (Mandard TRG1-2) and "poor responders" (Mandard TGR3-5). We examined predictive factors for Mandard response and performed statistical analysis. In univariate analysis, distance from anal verge, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), cyclin D1, VEGF, EGFR, protein 21 and rs1810871 interleukin 10 (IL10) gene polymorphism are the pretreatment variables with predictive value for Mandard response. In multivariable analysis, NLR, cyclin D1, protein 21 and rs1800871 in IL10 gene maintain predictive value, allowing a clinical model design. CONCLUSION It seems possible to use pretreatment expression of blood and tissue biomarkers, and build a model of tumor response prediction to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa D Santos
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Rocha
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Nogueira
- Department of Surgery, Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Castro-Poças
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Araujo
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Service of Medical Oncology, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Matos
- Department of Health Community, Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Pereira
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Research Center, Portuguese Oncologic Institute, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Research Center, Portuguese Oncologic Institute, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer, Porto, Portugal.,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences of Fernando Pessoa, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Lopes
- Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Pathological Anatomy Service, Hospital Center of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Science Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tsuchida K, Sugai T, Uesugi N, Ishida K, Matsuura K, Sato I, Shiga K, Sato H. Expression of cell cycle-related proteins in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on human papilloma virus status. Oncol Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627689 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular association between human papilloma virus (HPV) and cell cycle-related (CCR) proteins is not fully understood in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Herein, we examined the expression levels of CCRs in OPSCCs based on HPV status. In situ hybridization (ISH)- and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays were used to detect HPV status in 98 OPSCCs, and CCRs were detected by immunostaining. Of 98 tumors, 47 had HPV-positive tumors by either ISH- or PCR-based assays. Concordance analysis between ISH- and PCR-based tests showed a good agreement in OPSCC. Expression of p16 was moderate, consistent with HPV positivity as determined by ISH-based analysis. High p53-, phospho (p)-Rb-, SKP2-, cyclin D1-, and p-c-myc-positive rates were correlated with HPV-negative tumors, whereas high p16- and p27-positive rates were associated with HPV-positive tumors. The positive rates for p21 and cyclin A did not differ between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors. Finally, Ki-67 positivity was commonly observed for both types of OPSCCs. Although expression of p16 is thought to be a marker of HPV infection, ISH- or PCR-based tests should be used for HPV detection. In addition, our results regarding CCRs may be helpful for understanding the carcinogenesis of OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudai Tsuchida
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishida
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsuura
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Miyagi 981-1293, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Shiga
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
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Obatoclax, a Pan-BCL-2 Inhibitor, Targets Cyclin D1 for Degradation to Induce Antiproliferation in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010044. [PMID: 28035994 PMCID: PMC5297679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Aberrant overexpression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) family proteins is closely linked to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Obatoclax is an inhibitor targeting all antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins. A previous study has described the antiproliferative action of obatoclax in one human colorectal cancer cell line without elucidating the underlying mechanisms. We herein reported that, in a panel of human colorectal cancer cell lines, obatoclax inhibits cell proliferation, suppresses clonogenicity, and induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest, along with cyclin D1 downregulation. Notably, ectopic cyclin D1 overexpression abrogated clonogenicity suppression but also G1-phase arrest elicited by obatoclax. Mechanistically, pre-treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 restored cyclin D1 levels in all obatoclax-treated cell lines. Cycloheximide chase analyses further revealed an evident reduction in the half-life of cyclin D1 protein by obatoclax, confirming that obatoclax downregulates cyclin D1 through induction of cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation. Lastly, threonine 286 phosphorylation of cyclin D1, which is essential for initiating cyclin D1 proteasomal degradation, was induced by obatoclax in one cell line but not others. Collectively, we reveal a novel anticancer mechanism of obatoclax by validating that obatoclax targets cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation to downregulate cyclin D1 for inducing antiproliferation.
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