1
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Stiefbold M, Zhang H, Wan LQ. Engineered platforms for mimicking cardiac development and drug screening. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:197. [PMID: 38664263 PMCID: PMC11045633 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects are associated with significant health challenges, demanding a deep understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and, thus, better devices or platforms that can recapitulate human cardiac development. The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells has substantially reduced the dependence on animal models. Recent advances in stem cell biology, genetic editing, omics, microfluidics, and sensor technologies have further enabled remarkable progress in the development of in vitro platforms with increased fidelity and efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in in vitro cardiac development platforms, with a particular focus on technological innovation. We categorize these platforms into four areas: two-dimensional solid substrate cultures, engineered substrate architectures that enhance cellular functions, cardiac organoids, and embryos/explants-on-chip models. We conclude by addressing current limitations and presenting future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Stiefbold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8t Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Haokang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8t Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Leo Q Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotech 2147, 110 8t Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
- Center for Modeling, Simulation, and Imaging in Medicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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2
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Kalathil Balakrishnan H, Schultz AG, Lee SM, Alexander R, Dumée LF, Doeven EH, Yuan D, Guijt RM. 3D printed porous membrane integrated devices to study the chemoattractant induced behavioural response of aquatic organisms. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:505-516. [PMID: 38165774 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Biological models with genetic similarities to humans are used for exploratory research to develop behavioral screening tools and understand sensory-motor interactions. Their small, often mm-sized appearance raises challenges in the straightforward quantification of their subtle behavioral responses and calls for new, customisable research tools. 3D printing provides an attractive approach for the manufacture of custom designs at low cost; however, challenges remain in the integration of functional materials like porous membranes. Nanoporous membranes have been integrated with resin exchange using purpose-designed resins by digital light projection 3D printing to yield functionally integrated devices using a simple, economical and semi-automated process. Here, the impact of the layer thickness and layer number on the porous properties - parameters unique for 3D printing - are investigated, showing decreases in mean pore diameter and porosity with increasing layer height and layer number. From the same resin formulation, materials with average pore size between 200 and 600 nm and porosity between 45% and 61% were printed. Membrane-integrated devices were used to study the chemoattractant induced behavioural response of zebrafish embryos and planarians, both demonstrating a predominant behavioral response towards the chemoattractant, spending >85% of experiment time in the attractant side of the observation chamber. The presented 3D printing method can be used for printing custom designed membrane-integrated devices using affordable 3D printers and enable fine-tuning of porous properties through adjustment of layer height and number. This accessible approach is expected to be adopted for applications including behavioural studies, early-stage pre-clinical drug discovery and (environmental) toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Aaron G Schultz
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Soo Min Lee
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
| | - Richard Alexander
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation Centre on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Egan H Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia
| | - Dan Yuan
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Rosanne M Guijt
- Centre for Rural and Regional Futures, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3320, Australia.
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3
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Ye S, Chin WC, Ni CW. A multi-depth spiral milli fluidic device for whole mount zebrafish antibody staining. Biomed Microdevices 2023; 25:30. [PMID: 37581716 PMCID: PMC10427545 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-023-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Whole mount zebrafish antibody staining (ABS) is a common staining technique used to localize protein information in a zebrafish embryo or larva. Like most biological assays, the whole mount zebrafish ABS is still largely conducted manually through labor intensive and time-consuming steps which affect both consistency and throughput of the assay. In this work, we develop a milli fluidic device that can automatically trap and immobilize the fixed chorion-less zebrafish embryos for the whole mount ABS. With just a single loading step, the zebrafish embryos can be trapped by the milli fluidic device through a chaotic hydrodynamic trapping process. Moreover, a consistent body orientation (i.e., head point inward) for the trapped zebrafish embryos can be achieved without additional orientation adjustment device. Furthermore, we employed a consumer-grade SLA 3D printer assisted method for device prototyping which is ideal for labs with limited budgets. Notably, the milli fluidic device has enabled the optimization and successful implementation of whole mount zebrafish Caspase-3 ABS. We demonstrated our device can accelerate the overall procedure by reducing at least 50% of washing time in the standard well-plate-based manual procedure. Also, the consistency is improved, and manual steps are reduced using the milli fluidic device. This work fills the gap in the milli fluidic application for whole mount zebrafish immunohistochemistry. We hope the device can be accepted by the zebrafish community and be used for other types of whole mount zebrafish ABS procedures or expanded to more complicated in situ hybridization (ISH) procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Ye
- Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, US
| | - Wei-Chun Chin
- Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, US.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, US.
| | - Chih-Wen Ni
- Quantitative and Systems Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, US
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Merced, Merced, US
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4
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Pattanayak P, Singh SK, Gulati M, Vishwas S, Kapoor B, Chellappan DK, Anand K, Gupta G, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Prasher P, Dua K, Dureja H, Kumar D, Kumar V. Microfluidic chips: recent advances, critical strategies in design, applications and future perspectives. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2021; 25:99. [PMID: 34720789 PMCID: PMC8547131 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-021-02502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic chip technology is an emerging tool in the field of biomedical application. Microfluidic chip includes a set of groves or microchannels that are engraved on different materials (glass, silicon, or polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS, polymethylmethacrylate or PMMA). The microchannels forming the microfluidic chip are interconnected with each other for desired results. This organization of microchannels trapped into the microfluidic chip is associated with the outside by inputs and outputs penetrating through the chip, as an interface between the macro- and miniature world. With the help of a pump and a chip, microfluidic chip helps to determine the behavioral change of the microfluids. Inside the chip, there are microfluidic channels that permit the processing of the fluid, for example, blending and physicochemical responses. Microfluidic chip has numerous points of interest including lesser time and reagent utilization and alongside this, it can execute numerous activities simultaneously. The miniatured size of the chip fastens the reaction as the surface area increases. It is utilized in different biomedical applications such as food safety sensing, peptide analysis, tissue engineering, medical diagnosis, DNA purification, PCR activity, pregnancy, and glucose estimation. In the present study, the design of various microfluidic chips has been discussed along with their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Pattanayak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Bhupinder Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Plot no. 32-34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007 India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 12401 India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229 India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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5
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Panuška P, Nejedlá Z, Smejkal J, Aubrecht P, Liegertová M, Štofik M, Havlica J, Malý J. A millifluidic chip for cultivation of fish embryos and toxicity testing fabricated by 3D printing technology. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20507-20518. [PMID: 35479895 PMCID: PMC9033994 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel design of 3D printed zebrafish millifluidic system for embryonic long-term cultivation and toxicity screening has been developed. The chip unit provides 24 cultivation chambers and a selective individual embryo removal functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Panuška
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nejedlá
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Smejkal
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Petr Aubrecht
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Liegertová
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Štofik
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Havlica
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malý
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- University of J.E. Purkyne
- 400 96 Usti nad Labem
- Czech Republic
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6
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Le Gac S, Ferraz M, Venzac B, Comizzoli P. Understanding and Assisting Reproduction in Wildlife Species Using Microfluidics. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:584-597. [PMID: 33039163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conservation breeding and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are invaluable tools to save wild animal species that are on the brink of extinction. Microfluidic devices recently developed for human or domestic animal reproductive medicine could significantly help to increase knowledge about fertility and contribute to the success of ART in wildlife. Some of these microfluidic tools could be applied to wild species, but dedicated efforts will be necessary to meet specific needs in animal conservation; for example, they need to be cost-effective, applicable to multiple species, and field-friendly. Microfluidics represents only one powerful technology in a complex toolbox and must be integrated with other approaches to be impactful in managing wildlife reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Marcia Ferraz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bastien Venzac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and TechMed Center, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA.
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7
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Horowitz LF, Rodriguez AD, Ray T, Folch A. Microfluidics for interrogating live intact tissues. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:69. [PMID: 32879734 PMCID: PMC7443437 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The intricate microarchitecture of tissues - the "tissue microenvironment" - is a strong determinant of tissue function. Microfluidics offers an invaluable tool to precisely stimulate, manipulate, and analyze the tissue microenvironment in live tissues and engineer mass transport around and into small tissue volumes. Such control is critical in clinical studies, especially where tissue samples are scarce, in analytical sensors, where testing smaller amounts of analytes results in faster, more portable sensors, and in biological experiments, where accurate control of the cellular microenvironment is needed. Microfluidics also provides inexpensive multiplexing strategies to address the pressing need to test large quantities of drugs and reagents on a single biopsy specimen, increasing testing accuracy, relevance, and speed while reducing overall diagnostic cost. Here, we review the use of microfluidics to study the physiology and pathophysiology of intact live tissues at sub-millimeter scales. We categorize uses as either in vitro studies - where a piece of an organism must be excised and introduced into the microfluidic device - or in vivo studies - where whole organisms are small enough to be introduced into microchannels or where a microfluidic device is interfaced with a live tissue surface (e.g. the skin or inside an internal organ or tumor) that forms part of an animal larger than the device. These microfluidic systems promise to deliver functional measurements obtained directly on intact tissue - such as the response of tissue to drugs or the analysis of tissue secretions - that cannot be obtained otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F. Horowitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Adán D. Rodriguez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Tyler Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - Albert Folch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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8
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Khalili A, Rezai P. Microfluidic devices for embryonic and larval zebrafish studies. Brief Funct Genomics 2019; 18:419-432. [DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Zebrafish or Danio rerio is an established model organism for studying the genetic, neuronal and behavioral bases of diseases and for toxicology and drug screening. The embryonic and larval stages of zebrafish have been used extensively in fundamental and applied research due to advantages offered such as body transparency, small size, low cost of cultivation and high genetic homology with humans. However, the manual experimental methods used for handling and investigating this organism are limited due to their low throughput, labor intensiveness and inaccuracy in delivering external stimuli to the zebrafish while quantifying various neuronal and behavioral responses. Microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip devices have emerged as ideal technologies to overcome these challenges. In this review paper, the current microfluidic approaches for investigation of behavior and neurobiology of zebrafish at embryonic and larval stages will be reviewed. Our focus will be to provide an overview of the microfluidic methods used to manipulate (deliver and orient), immobilize and expose or inject zebrafish embryos or larvae, followed by quantification of their responses in terms of neuron activities and movement. We will also provide our opinion in terms of the direction that the field of zebrafish microfluidics is heading toward in the area of biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Khalili
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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9
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Zare Mirakabad H, Farsi M, Malekzadeh Shafaroudi S, Bagheri A, Iranshahi M, Moshtaghi N. Comparison the Effect of Ferutinin and 17β-Estradiol on Bone Mineralization of Developing Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Larvae. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061507. [PMID: 30917511 PMCID: PMC6470982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop novel drugs for osteoporosis which occurs due to estrogen deficiency. Phytoestrogens derived from medicinal plants would be the best alternative to chemical drugs with harmful side effects. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of ferutinin compared to 17β-estradiol (E2) on bone mineralization of zebrafish larvae. Regarding the lack of publications, the histology analysis was performed after exposure to E2 to find effective treatment on bone mineralization of developing zebrafish larvae. Then, the larvae were exposed to four concentrations of ferutinin at three time points to assess the mortality, the expression of some related genes and histology of the ceratohyal and hyomandibular of treated larvae. The RT-PCR result of the treatment groups demonstrated the similar expression pattern in the larvae which were exposed to 1.25 μg/mL of ferutinin and 2 µM of E2 at 2 dpf, which confirmed the result of histology analysis. In addition, RT-qPCR of high concentration of ferutinin and E2 demonstrated that bmp2a/b and esr1 were downregulated and upregulated when the larvae were exposed to 5 μg/mL of ferutinin and 10 µM of E2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Zare Mirakabad
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Farsi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran.
| | | | - Abdolreza Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Moshtaghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran.
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10
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Letrado P, de Miguel I, Lamberto I, Díez-Martínez R, Oyarzabal J. Zebrafish: Speeding Up the Cancer Drug Discovery Process. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6048-6058. [PMID: 30327381 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an ideal in vivo model to study a wide variety of human cancer types. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of zebrafish in the cancer drug discovery process, from (i) approaches to induce malignant tumors, (ii) techniques to monitor cancer progression, and (iii) strategies for compound administration to (iv) a compilation of the 355 existing case studies showing the impact of zebrafish models on cancer drug discovery, which cover a broad scope of scenarios. Finally, based on the current state-of-the-art analysis, this review presents some highlights about future directions using zebrafish in cancer drug discovery and the potential of this model as a prognostic tool in prospective clinical studies. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6048-58. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Letrado
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain.,Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene de Miguel
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iranzu Lamberto
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain
| | - Roberto Díez-Martínez
- Ikan Biotech SL, The Zebrafish Lab Department, Centro Europeo de Empresas e Innovación de Navarra (CEIN), Noain, Spain.
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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11
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Kim AA, Nekimken AL, Fechner S, O'Brien LE, Pruitt BL. Microfluidics for mechanobiology of model organisms. Methods Cell Biol 2018; 146:217-259. [PMID: 30037463 PMCID: PMC6418080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli play a critical role in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and disease. Understanding how mechanical signals are processed in multicellular model systems is critical for connecting cellular processes to tissue- and organism-level responses. However, progress in the field that studies these phenomena, mechanobiology, has been limited by lack of appropriate experimental techniques for applying repeatable mechanical stimuli to intact organs and model organisms. Microfluidic platforms, a subgroup of microsystems that use liquid flow for manipulation of objects, are a promising tool for studying mechanobiology of small model organisms due to their size scale and ease of customization. In this work, we describe design considerations involved in developing a microfluidic device for studying mechanobiology. Then, focusing on worms, fruit flies, and zebrafish, we review current microfluidic platforms for mechanobiology of multicellular model organisms and their tissues and highlight research opportunities in this developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Kim
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Beth L Pruitt
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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12
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Hemodynamic Studies for Analyzing the Teratogenic Effects of Drugs in the Zebrafish Embryo. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1797:487-495. [PMID: 29896711 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7883-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of teratogenic effects of drugs generally involve testing the drug on animals and zebrafish embryo is a commonly used animal model for that purpose. In these studies, cardiovascular function of the animals needs to be evaluated to reveal the influence of exposure on the development of the cardiovascular system as well as on the growth of the whole animal. Here, relevant microscopy imaging and analysis protocols are described to calculate a variety of hemodynamic parameters for zebrafish embryos exposed to clinical drugs.
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13
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Huang D, Li H, He Q, Yuan W, Chen Z, Yang H. Developmental Toxicity of Diethylnitrosamine in Zebrafish Embryos/Juveniles Related to Excessive Oxidative Stress. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:81. [PMID: 29503482 PMCID: PMC5823957 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is present in food, water, and daily supplies and is regarded as a toxicant of carcinogenicity. The developmental toxicity of DEN has been rarely reported as yet. In this study, zebrafish were exposed to different concentrations of DEN at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) to access embryonic toxicity of the compound. The results show that DEN resulted in negative effects of hatching rate, heartbeat, body length, and spontaneous movement. Deformities, including notochord malformation, pericardium edema, embryonic membrane turbidity, tail hypoplasia, yolk sac deformity, and growth retardation, happened during exposure period. Moreover, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increased after DEN treatment. Then, alterations of the expression level of oxidative stress-related genes were observed in our results. To our knowledge, this is the first study concerning the effect of DEN on zebrafish. And from the information of our research, we speculated that development toxicity of DEN should be related to the excessive oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road No. 600, Guangzhou, 510000 China
| | - Hanmin Li
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Garden Hill No. 4 Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430061 China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.856 Luoyu Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Qidi He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Weiqu Yuan
- The fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University Chinese Med, Shen zhen, 518000 China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road No. 600, Guangzhou, 510000 China
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14
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Ellett F, Irimia D. Microstructured Devices for Optimized Microinjection and Imaging of Zebrafish Larvae. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286475 DOI: 10.3791/56498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful model of various human diseases and a useful tool for an increasing range of experimental studies, spanning fundamental developmental biology through to large-scale genetic and chemical screens. However, many experiments, especially those related to infection and xenograft models, rely on microinjection and imaging of embryos and larvae, which are laborious techniques that require skill and expertise. To improve the precision and throughput of current microinjection techniques, we developed a series of microstructured devices to orient and stabilize zebrafish embryos at 2 days post fertilization (dpf) in ventral, dorsal, or lateral orientation prior to the procedure. To aid in the imaging of embryos, we also designed a simple device with channels that orient 4 zebrafish laterally in parallel against a glass cover slip. Together, the tools that we present here demonstrate the effectiveness of photolithographic approaches to generate useful devices for the optimization of zebrafish techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ellett
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School-Shriners Burns Hospital;
| | - Daniel Irimia
- BioMEMS Resource Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School-Shriners Burns Hospital
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15
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Nady A, Peimani AR, Zoidl G, Rezai P. A microfluidic device for partial immobilization, chemical exposure and behavioural screening of zebrafish larvae. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:4048-4058. [PMID: 29068019 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00786h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish larva is an important vertebrate model for sensory-motor integration studies, genetic screening, and drug discovery because of its excellent characteristics such as optical transparency, genetic manipulability, and genetic similarity to humans. Operations such as precise manipulation of zebrafish larvae, controlled exposure to chemicals, and behavioural monitoring are of utmost importance to the abovementioned studies. In this work, a novel microfluidic device is presented to easily stabilize an individual larva's head using a microfluidic trap while leaving the majority of the body and the tail unhindered to move freely in a downstream chamber. The device is equipped with a microvalve to prevent the larva's escape from the trap and a microchannel beside the larva's head to expose it to chemicals at desired concentrations and times, while investigating multiple behaviours such as the tail, eye, and mouth movement frequencies. An in situ air bubble removal module was also incorporated to increase the yield of experiments. The functionality of our device in comparison to a conventional droplet-based technique was tested using l-arginine exposure and viability assays. We found that the larvae in the device and the droplet exhibit similar tail and eye response trends to nM-mM concentrations of l-arginine, and that the survival of the larvae is not affected by the device. However, the tail responses in the device were numerically higher than the droplet-tested larvae at nM-mM l-arginine concentrations. In the future, our device has the potential to be used for conducting simultaneous whole-brain functional imaging, upon optimized immobilization of the brain, and behavioural analysis to uncover differences between diseased and healthy states in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Nady
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Microinjection of zebrafish larvae is an essential technique for delivery of treatments, dyes, microbes, and xenotransplantation into various tissues. Although a number of casts are available to orient embryos at the single-cell stage, no device has been specifically designed to position hatching-stage larvae for microinjection of different tissues. In this study, we present a reusable silicone device consisting of arrayed microstructures, designed to immobilize 2 days postfertilization larvae in lateral, ventral, and dorsal orientations, while providing maximal access to target sites for microinjection. Injection of rhodamine dextran was used to demonstrate the utility of this device for precise microinjection of multiple anatomical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ellett
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Department of Surgery, BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Burns Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Yang F, Gao C, Wang P, Zhang GJ, Chen Z. Fish-on-a-chip: microfluidics for zebrafish research. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1106-25. [PMID: 26923141 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00044d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency zebrafish (embryo) handling platforms are crucially needed to facilitate the deciphering of the increasingly expanding vertebrate-organism model values. However, the manipulation platforms for zebrafish are scarce and rely mainly on the conventional "static" microtiter plates or glass slides with rigid gel, which limits the dynamic, three-dimensional (3D), tissue/organ-oriented information acquisition from the intact larva with normal developmental dynamics. In addition, these routine platforms are not amenable to high-throughput handling of such swimming multicellular biological entities at the single-organism level and incapable of precisely controlling the growth microenvironment by delivering stimuli in a well-defined spatiotemporal fashion. Recently, microfluidics has been developed to address these technical challenges via tailor-engineered microscale structures or structured arrays, which integrate with or interface to functional components (e.g. imaging systems), allowing quantitative readouts of small objects (zebrafish larvae and embryos) under normal physiological conditions. Here, we critically review the recent progress on zebrafish manipulation, imaging and phenotype readouts of external stimuli using these microfluidic tools and discuss the challenges that confront these promising "fish-on-a-chip" technologies. We also provide an outlook on future potential trends in this field by combining with bionanoprobes and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Chuan Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Levario TJ, Lim B, Shvartsman SY, Lu H. Microfluidics for High-Throughput Quantitative Studies of Early Development. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 18:285-309. [PMID: 26928208 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-100515-013926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Developmental biology has traditionally relied on qualitative analyses; recently, however, as in other fields of biology, researchers have become increasingly interested in acquiring quantitative knowledge about embryogenesis. Advances in fluorescence microscopy are enabling high-content imaging in live specimens. At the same time, microfluidics and automation technologies are increasing experimental throughput for studies of multicellular models of development. Furthermore, computer vision methods for processing and analyzing bioimage data are now leading the way toward quantitative biology. Here, we review advances in the areas of fluorescence microscopy, microfluidics, and data analysis that are instrumental to performing high-content, high-throughput studies in biology and specifically in development. We discuss a case study of how these techniques have allowed quantitative analysis and modeling of pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Levario
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
| | - Bomyi Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Hang Lu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
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19
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A review of chemical gradient systems for cell analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 907:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Li Y, Yang X, Chen Z, Zhang B, Pan J, Li X, Yang F, Sun D. Comparative toxicity of lead (Pb(2+)), copper (Cu(2+)), and mixtures of lead and copper to zebrafish embryos on a microfluidic chip. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:024105. [PMID: 25825620 PMCID: PMC4368587 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigations were conducted to determine acute effects of Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) presented individually and collectively on zebrafish embryos. Aquatic safety testing requires a cheap, fast, and highly efficient platform for real-time evaluation of single and mixture of metal toxicity. In this study, we have developed a microfluidic system for phenotype-based evaluation of toxic effects of Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The microfluidic chip is composed of a disc-shaped concentration gradient generator and 24 culture chambers, which can generate one blank solution, seven mixture concentrations, and eight single concentrations for each metal solution, thus enabling the assessment of zebrafish embryos. To test the accuracy of this new chip platform, we have examined the toxicity and teratogenicity of Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) on embryos. The individual and combined impact of Pb(2+) and Cu(2+) on zebrafish embryonic development was quantitatively assessed by recording a series of physiological indicators, such as spontaneous motion at 22 hours post fertilization (hpf), mortality at 24 hpf, heartbeat and body length at 96 hpf, etc. It was found that Pb(2+) or Cu(2+) could induce deformity and cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish embryos and the mixture could induce more severe toxicity. This chip is a multiplexed testing apparatus that allows for the examination of toxicity and teratogenicity for substances and it also can be used as a potentially cost-effective and rapid aquatic safety assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zuanguang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University , Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Duanping Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006, China
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21
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Skommer J, Wlodkowic D. Successes and future outlook for microfluidics-based cardiovascular drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:231-44. [PMID: 25672221 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The greatest advantage of using microfluidics as a platform for the assessment of cardiovascular drug action is its ability to finely regulate fluid flow conditions, including flow rate, shear stress and pulsatile flow. At the same time, microfluidics provide means for modifying the vessel geometry (bifurcations, stenoses, complex networks), the type of surface of the vessel walls, and for patterning cells in 3D tissue-like architecture, including generation of lumen walls lined with cells and heart-on-a-chip structures for mimicking ventricular cardiomyocyte physiology. In addition, owing to the small volume of required specimens, microfluidics is ideally suited to clinical situations whereby monitoring of drug dosing or efficacy needs to be coupled with minimal phlebotomy-related drug loss. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors highlight potential applications for the currently existing and emerging technologies and offer several suggestions on how to close the development cycle of microfluidic devices for cardiovascular drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION The ultimate goal in microfluidics research for drug discovery is to develop 'human-on-a-chip' systems, whereby several organ cultures, including the vasculature and the heart, can mimic complex interactions between the organs and body systems. This would provide in vivo-like pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for drug ADMET assessment. At present, however, the great variety of available designs does not go hand in hand with their use by the pharmaceutical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skommer
- RMIT University, School of Applied Sciences , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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22
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Guo Q, Yang W, Xiao B, Zhang H, Lei X, Ou H, Qin R, Jin R. Study on early biomarkers of zebrafish liver injury induced by acetaminophen. TOXIN REV 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2014.986282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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