1
|
Eren ZB, Vatansever C, Kabadayı B, Haykar B, Kuloğlu ZE, Ay S, Nurlybayeva K, Eyikudamacı G, Barlas T, Palaoğlu E, Beşli Y, Kuşkucu MA, Ergönül Ö, Can F. Surveillance of respiratory viruses by aerosol screening in indoor air as an early warning system for epidemics. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13303. [PMID: 38982659 PMCID: PMC11233404 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective methods for the surveillance of seasonal respiratory viruses is required for the timely management of outbreaks. We aimed to survey Influenza-A, Influenza-B, RSV-A, Rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in a tertiary hospital and a campus over 5 months. The effectiveness of air screening as an early warning system for respiratory viruses was evaluated in correlation with respiratory tract panel test results. The overall viral positivity was higher on the campus than in the hospital (55.0% vs. 38.0%). Influenza A was the most prevalent pathogen in both locations. There were two influenza peaks (42nd and 49th weeks) in the hospital air, and a delayed peak was detected on campus in the 1st-week of January. Panel tests indicated a high rate of Influenza A in late December. RSV-A-positivity was higher on the campus than the hospital (21.6% vs. 7.4%). Moreover, we detected two RSV-A peaks in the campus air (48th and 51st weeks) but only one peak in the hospital and panel tests (week 49). Although rhinovirus was the most common pathogen in panel tests, rhinovirus positivity was low in air samples. The air screening for Influenza-B and SARS-Cov-2 revealed comparable positivity rates with panel tests. Air screening can be integrated into surveillance programs to support infection control programs for potential epidemics of respiratory virus infections except for rhinoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansel Vatansever
- Koç University İşBank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
| | | | | | - Zeynep Ece Kuloğlu
- Koç University İşBank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
- Koç UniversityGraduate School of Health SciencesIstanbulTurkey
| | - Sedat Ay
- Koç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | | | - Gül Eyikudamacı
- Koç University İşBank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
- Koç UniversityGraduate School of Health SciencesIstanbulTurkey
| | - Tayfun Barlas
- Koç University İşBank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
| | - Erhan Palaoğlu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAmerican HospitalIstanbulTurkey
| | - Yeşim Beşli
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryAmerican HospitalIstanbulTurkey
| | - Mert Ahmet Kuşkucu
- Koç University İşBank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyKoç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | - Önder Ergönül
- Koç University İşBank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical MicrobiologyKoç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | - Fusun Can
- Koç University İşBank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUISCID)IstanbulTurkey
- Department of Medical MicrobiologyKoç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Durnell LA, Hippee CE, Cattaneo R, Bartlett JA, Singh BK, Sinn PL. Interferon-independent processes constrain measles virus cell-to-cell spread in primary human airway epithelial cells. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0136123. [PMID: 37724882 PMCID: PMC10580916 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01361-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of measles virus (MeV) in human airway epithelia may contribute to its extremely high contagious nature. We use well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells (HAE) to model ex vivo how MeV spreads in human airways. In HAE, MeV spreads cell-to-cell for 3-5 days, but then, infectious center growth is arrested. What stops MeV spread in HAE is not understood, but interferon (IFN) is known to slow MeV spread in other in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we assessed the role of type I and type III IFN in arresting MeV spread in HAE. The addition of IFN-β or IFN-λ1 to the medium of infected HAE slowed MeV infectious center growth, but when IFN receptor signaling was blocked, infectious center size was not affected. In contrast, blocking type-I IFN receptor signaling enhanced respiratory syncytial virus spread. HAE were also infected with MeV mutants defective for the V protein. The V protein has been demonstrated to interact with both MDA5 and STAT2 to inhibit activation of innate immunity; however, innate immune reactions were unexpectedly muted against the V-defective MeV in HAE. Minimal innate immunity activation was confirmed by deep sequencing, quantitative RT-PCR, and single-cell RNA-seq analyses of the transcription of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes. We conclude that in HAE, IFN-signaling can contribute to slowing infectious center growth; however, IFN-independent processes are most important for limiting cell-to-cell spread. IMPORTANCE Fundamental biological questions remain about the highly contagious measles virus (MeV). MeV amplifies within airway epithelial cells before spreading to the next host. This final step likely contributes to the ability of MeV to spread host-to-host. Over the course of 3-5 days post-infection of airway epithelial cells, MeV spreads directly cell-to-cell and forms infectious centers. Infectious center formation is unique to MeV. In this study, we show that interferon (IFN) signaling does not explain why MeV cell-to-cell spread is ultimately impeded within the cell layer. The ability of MeV to spread cell-to-cell in airway cells without appreciable IFN induction may contribute to its highly contagious nature. This study contributes to the understanding of a significant global health concern by demonstrating that infectious center formation occurs independent of the simplest explanation for limiting viral transmission within a host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorellin A. Durnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Camilla E. Hippee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bartlett
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brajesh K. Singh
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakagome K, Nagata M. Innate Immune Responses by Respiratory Viruses, Including Rhinovirus, During Asthma Exacerbation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865973. [PMID: 35795686 PMCID: PMC9250977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection, especially with rhinovirus (RV), is a major cause of asthma exacerbation. The production of anti-viral cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-β and IFN-α from epithelial cells or dendritic cells is lower in patients with asthma or those with high IgE, which can contribute to viral-induced exacerbated disease in these patients. As for virus-related factors, RV species C (RV-C) induces more exacerbated disease than other RVs, including RV-B. Neutrophils activated by viral infection can induce eosinophilic airway inflammation through different mechanisms. Furthermore, virus-induced or virus-related proteins can directly activate eosinophils. For example, CXCL10, which is upregulated during viral infection, activates eosinophils in vitro. The role of innate immune responses, especially type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and epithelial cell-related cytokines including IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), in the development of viral-induced airway inflammation has recently been established. For example, RV infection induces the expression of IL-33 or IL-25, or increases the ratio of ILC2 in the asthmatic airway, which is correlated with the severity of exacerbation. A mouse model has further demonstrated that virus-induced mucous metaplasia and ILC2 expansion are suppressed by antagonizing or deleting IL-33, IL-25, or TSLP. For treatment, IFNs including IFN-β suppress not only viral replication but also ILC2 activation in vitro. Agonists of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 or 7 can induce IFNs, which can then suppress viral replication and ILC2 activation. Therefore, if delivered in the airway, IFNs or TLR agonists could become innovative treatments for virus-induced asthma exacerbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazuyuki Nakagome,
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rijsbergen LC, van Dijk LLA, Engel MFM, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. In Vitro Modelling of Respiratory Virus Infections in Human Airway Epithelial Cells - A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683002. [PMID: 34489934 PMCID: PMC8418200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. A large number of RTIs is caused by viruses, often resulting in more severe disease in infants, elderly and the immunocompromised. Upon viral infection, most individuals experience common cold-like symptoms associated with an upper RTI. However, in some cases a severe and sometimes life-threatening lower RTI may develop. Reproducible and scalable in vitro culture models that accurately reflect the human respiratory tract are needed to study interactions between respiratory viruses and the host, and to test novel therapeutic interventions. Multiple in vitro respiratory cell culture systems have been described, but the majority of these are based on immortalized cell lines. Although useful for studying certain aspects of viral infections, such monomorphic, unicellular systems fall short in creating an understanding of the processes that occur at an integrated tissue level. Novel in vitro models involving primary human airway epithelial cells and, more recently, human airway organoids, are now in use. In this review, we describe the evolution of in vitro cell culture systems and their characteristics in the context of viral RTIs, starting from advances after immortalized cell cultures to more recently developed organoid systems. Furthermore, we describe how these models are used in studying virus-host interactions, e.g. tropism and receptor studies as well as interactions with the innate immune system. Finally, we provide an outlook for future developments in this field, including co-factors that mimic the microenvironment in the respiratory tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurine C. Rijsbergen
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura L. A. van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. M. Engel
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Interferon-Dependent and Respiratory Virus-Specific Interference in Dual Infections of Airway Epithelia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10246. [PMID: 32581261 PMCID: PMC7314816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many respiratory viruses cocirculate in the population and multiple infections are commonly reported. The clinical impact of coinfection is unclear and may vary depending on the viral couples involved. Using three-dimensional reconstituted human airway epithelia and clinical viral strains, we investigated the interaction between influenza virus (Flu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV). We showed that Flu and RSV interfere with RV replication, whereas RV does not interfere with either of these viruses. We then experimentally demonstrated that, when present, the interference is not related to a block of viral entry but rather to type I and type III interferon (IFN), the front-line antiviral defense of the respiratory mucosa. Consistent with this observation, we highlighted the differential sensitivity of each virus to IFNs, with RV being the only virus significantly inhibited by IFN-λ and the most sensitive to IFN-α. Finally, as type III IFN is of therapeutic interest due to its low proinflammatory profile, we also assessed and confirmed an inhibitory effect of IFN-λ in the context of persistent RV infections. The present work provides mechanistic clues concerning innate immunity involvement during respiratory virus interactions and confirms that IFN-λ is a promising candidate in the treatment of RV infections.
Collapse
|
6
|
Xander N, Reddy Vari H, Eskandar R, Li W, Bolla S, Marchetti N, Sajjan US. Rhinovirus-Induced SIRT-1 via TLR2 Regulates Subsequent Type I and Type III IFN Responses in Airway Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2508-2519. [PMID: 31548332 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IFN responses to viral infection are necessary to establish intrinsic antiviral state, but if unchecked can lead to heightened inflammation. Recently, we showed that TLR2 activation contributes to limitation of rhinovirus (RV)-induced IFN response in the airway epithelial cells. We also demonstrated that compared with normal airway epithelial cells, those from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) show higher IFN responses to RV, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Initially, RV-induced IFN responses depend on dsRNA receptor activation and then are amplified via IFN-stimulated activation of JAK/STAT signaling. In this study, we show that in normal cells, TLR2 limits RV-induced IFN responses by attenuating STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation and this was associated with TLR2-dependent SIRT-1 expression. Further, inhibition of SIRT-1 enhanced RV-induced IFN responses, and this was accompanied by increased STAT1/STAT2 phosphorylation, indicating that TLR2 may limit RV-induced IFN responses via SIRT-1. COPD airway epithelial cells showed attenuated IL-8 responses to TLR2 agonist despite expressing TLR2 similar to normal, indicating dysregulation in TLR2 signaling pathway. Unlike normal, COPD cells failed to show RV-induced TLR2-dependent SIRT-1 expression. Pretreatment with quercetin, which increases SIRT-1 expression, normalized RV-induced IFN levels in COPD airway epithelial cells. Inhibition of SIRT-1 in quercetin-pretreated COPD cells abolished the normalizing effects of quercetin on RV-induced IFN expression in these cells, confirming that quercetin exerts its effect via SIRT-1. In summary, we show that TLR2 is required for limiting RV-induced IFNs, and this pathway is dysregulated in COPD airway epithelial cells, leading to exaggerated IFN production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Xander
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Hymavathi Reddy Vari
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Rewees Eskandar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Wuyan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Sudhir Bolla
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and
| | - Umadevi S Sajjan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140; and .,Department of Physiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jubrail J, Africano-Gomez K, Herit F, Baturcam E, Mayer G, Cunoosamy DM, Kurian N, Niedergang F. HRV16 Impairs Macrophages Cytokine Response to a Secondary Bacterial Trigger. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2908. [PMID: 30619272 PMCID: PMC6305396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus is frequently seen as an upper respiratory tract infection but growing evidence proves the virus can cause lower respiratory tract infections in patients with chronic inflammatory lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition to airway epithelial cells, macrophages are crucial for regulating inflammatory responses to viral infections. However, the response of macrophages to HRV has not been analyzed in detail. We used in vitro monocyte-derived human macrophages to study the cytokine secretion of macrophages in response to the virus. Our results showed that macrophages were competent at responding to HRV, as a robust cytokine response was detected. However, after subsequent exposure to non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) or to LPS, HRV-treated macrophages secreted reduced levels of pro-inflammatory or regulatory cytokines. This “paralyzed” phenotype was not mimicked if the macrophages were pre-treated with LPS or CpG instead of the virus. These results begin to deepen our understanding into why patients with COPD show HRV-induced exacerbations and why they mount a defective response toward NTHi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Jubrail
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kshanti Africano-Gomez
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Engin Baturcam
- IMED Biotech Unit, Target and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gaell Mayer
- Clinical Development, Respiratory Inhalation & Oral Development, GMD, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danen Mootoosamy Cunoosamy
- IMED Biotech Unit, Target and Translational Science, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nisha Kurian
- Precision Medicine & Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Florence Niedergang
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Immunoproteasomes as a novel antiviral mechanism in rhinovirus-infected airways. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1711-1723. [PMID: 29980604 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infection is involved in acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). RV primarily infects upper and lower airway epithelium. Immunoproteasomes (IP) are proteolytic machineries with multiple functions including the regulation of MHC class I antigen processing during viral infection. However, the role of IP in RV infection has not been explored. We sought to investigate the expression and function of IP during airway RV infection. Primary human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells were cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) and treated with RV16, RV1B, or interferon (IFN)-λ in the absence or presence of an IP inhibitor (ONX-0914). IP gene (i.e. LMP2) deficient mouse tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were cultured for the mechanistic studies. LMP2-deficient mouse model was used to define the in vivo role of IP in RV infection. IP subunits LMP2 and LMP7, antiviral genes MX1 and OAS1 and viral load were measured. Both RV16 and RV1B significantly increased the expression of LMP2 and LMP7 mRNA and proteins, and IFN-λ mRNA in HTBE cells. ONX-0914 down-regulated MX1 and OAS1, and increased RV16 load in HTBE cells. LMP2-deficient mTECs showed a significant increase in RV1B load compared with the wild-type (WT) cells. LMP2-deficient (compared with WT) mice increased viral load and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid after 24 h of RV1B infection. Mechanistically, IFN-λ induction by RV infection contributed to LMP2 and LMP7 up-regulation in HTBE cells. Our data suggest that IP are induced during airway RV infection, which in turn may serve as an antiviral and anti-inflammatory mechanism.
Collapse
|
9
|
Casanova V, Sousa FH, Stevens C, Barlow PG. Antiviral therapeutic approaches for human rhinovirus infections. Future Virol 2018; 13:505-518. [PMID: 30245735 PMCID: PMC6136076 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses are the primary etiological agent of the common cold. This infection can be mild and self-limiting in immunocompetent hosts, but can be associated with bronchiolitis in infants, pneumonia in the immunosuppressed and exacerbations of pre-existing pulmonary conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Many of these conditions can place significant economic costs upon healthcare infrastructure. There is currently no licensed vaccine for rhinovirus, as the large variety of rhinovirus serotypes has posed significant challenges for research. In this review, we discuss current knowledge around antiviral drugs and small molecule inhibitors of rhinovirus infection, as well as antiviral host defense peptides as exciting prospects to approach the development of novel therapeutics which target human rhinovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Casanova
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| | - Filipa H Sousa
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| | - Craig Stevens
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| | - Peter G Barlow
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wolf S, Perez GF, Mukharesh L, Isaza N, Preciado D, Freishtat RJ, Pillai D, Rose MC, Nino G. Conditional reprogramming of pediatric airway epithelial cells: A new human model to investigate early-life respiratory disorders. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:810-817. [PMID: 28981980 PMCID: PMC5868353 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial cells (AEC) are quite difficult to access in newborns and infants. It is critically important to develop robust life-extended models to conduct translational studies in this age group. We propose the use of a recently described cell culture technology (conditionally reprogrammed cells-CRC) to generate continuous primary cell cultures from nasal and bronchial AEC of young children. METHODS We collected nasal and/or bronchial AEC from a total of 23 subjects of different ages including newborns/infants/toddlers (0-2 years; N = 9), school-age children (4-11 years; N = 6), and a group of adolescent/adult donors (N = 8). For CRC generation, we used conditioned medium from mitotically inactivated 3T3 fibroblasts and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y-27632). Antiviral immune responses were studied using 25 key antiviral genes and protein production of type III epithelial interferon (IFN λ1) after double-stranded (ds) RNA exposure. RESULTS CRC derived from primary AEC of neonates/infants and young children exhibited: (i) augmented proliferative capacity and life extension, (ii) preserved airway epithelial phenotype after multiple passages, (iii) robust immune responses characterized by the expression of innate antiviral genes and parallel nasal/bronchial production of IFN λ1 after exposure to dsRNA, and (iv) induction of airway epithelial inflammatory and remodeling responses to dsRNA (eg, CXCL8 and MMP9). CONCLUSION Conditional reprogramming of AEC from young children is a feasible and powerful translational approach to investigate early-life airway epithelial immune responses in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Wolf
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G F Perez
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - L Mukharesh
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Isaza
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Preciado
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R J Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Pillai
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M C Rose
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G Nino
- Center for Genetic Research Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Papadopoulos NG, Megremis S, Kitsioulis NA, Vangelatou O, West P, Xepapadaki P. Promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory illnesses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:921-932. [PMID: 28739285 PMCID: PMC7112313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are the most common human ailments, leading to enormous health and economic burden. Hundreds of viral species and subtypes have been associated with these conditions, with influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinoviruses being the most frequent and with the highest burden. When considering prevention or treatment of viral respiratory tract infections, potential targets include the causative pathogens themselves but also the immune response, disease transmission, or even just the symptoms. Strategies targeting all these aspects are developing concurrently, and several novel and promising approaches are emerging. In this perspective we overview the entire range of options and highlight some of the most promising approaches, including new antiviral agents, symptomatic or immunomodulatory drugs, the re-emergence of natural remedies, and vaccines and public health policies toward prevention. Wide-scale prevention through immunization appears to be within reach for respiratory syncytial virus and promising for influenza virus, whereas additional effort is needed in regard to rhinovirus, as well as other respiratory tract viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Spyridon Megremis
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos A Kitsioulis
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Olympia Vangelatou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology & Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter West
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Achten NB, Wu P, Bont L, Blanken MO, Gebretsadik T, Chappell JD, Wang L, Yu C, Larkin EK, Carroll KN, Anderson LJ, Moore ML, Sloan CD, Hartert TV. Interference Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Rhinovirus Infection in Infancy. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1102-1106. [PMID: 28368456 PMCID: PMC5426371 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) are the most common viruses associated with acute respiratory tract infections in infancy. Viral interference is important in understanding respiratory viral circulation and the impact of vaccines. METHODS To study viral interference, we evaluated cases of RSV and HRV codetection by polymerase chain reaction in 2 prospective birth cohort studies (the Infant Susceptibility to Pulmonary Infections and Asthma Following RSV Exposure [INSPIRE] study and the Tennessee Children's Respiratory Initiative [TCRI]) and a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (MAKI), using adjusted multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS Among 3263 respiratory tract samples, 24.5% (798) and 37.3% (1216) were RSV and HRV positive, respectively. The odds of HRV infection were significantly lower in RSV-infected infants in all cohorts, with adjusted odds ratios of 0.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], .22-.40 in the INSPIRE study, 0.18 (95% CI, .11-.28) in the TCRI (adjusted for disease severity), and 0.34 (95% CI, .16-.72) in the MAKI trial. HRV infection was significantly more common among infants administered RSV immunoprophylaxis, compared with infants who did not receive immunoprophylaxis (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.65-2.39). CONCLUSIONS A negative association of RSV on HRV codetection was consistently observed across populations, seasons, disease severity, and geographical regions. Suppressing RSV infection by RSV immunoprophylaxis might increase the risk of having HRV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niek B Achten
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pingsheng Wu
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Louis Bont
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten O Blanken
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma K Larkin
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Kecia N Carroll
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Martin L Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Chantel D Sloan
- Department of Health Science, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Głobińska A, Pawełczyk M, Piechota-Polańczyk A, Olszewska-Ziąber A, Moskwa S, Mikołajczyk A, Jabłońska A, Zakrzewski PK, Brauncajs M, Jarzębska M, Taka S, Papadopoulos NG, Kowalski ML. Impaired virus replication and decreased innate immune responses to viral infections in nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:100-112. [PMID: 27667736 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the immune response to parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3), rhinovirus 1B (RV1B) and intracellular Toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists in nasal epithelial cells (NECs) from patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. NECs were obtained from eight patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and 11 non-atopic healthy controls (HC) by nasal scraping, grown to confluence and exposed to PIV3, RV1B infection or TLR-3 and TLR-7/8 agonists. Interferon (IFN)-λ1, IFN-α, IFN-β and regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES) release into the cell culture supernatants was assessed at 8, 24 and 48 h upon infection or 8 and 24 h after stimulation with poly(I:C) and R848. mRNA levels of IFNs, RANTES, interferon regulatory transcription factor (IRF)3, IRF7 and viral gene copy number were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PIV3 but not RV1B replication 48 h after infection was significantly lower (P < 0·01) in NECs from AR patients compared to HC. PIV3 infection induced significantly less IFN-λ1 (both protein and mRNA) in NECs from AR compared to HC. IFN-β mRNA expression and RANTES protein release and mRNA expression tended to be smaller in AR compared HC cells in response to both viruses. Stimulation with TLR-3 agonist [poly (I:C)] induced similar IFN-λ1 and RANTES generation in AR and HC subjects. Viral infections in NECs induced IRF7 expression, which correlated with IFN and RANTES expression. These data suggest that virus proliferation rates and the immune response profile are different in nasal epithelial cells from patients with allergic rhinitis compared to healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Głobińska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Piechota-Polańczyk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Olszewska-Ziąber
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - S Moskwa
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology Department, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Mikołajczyk
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - A Jabłońska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - P K Zakrzewski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Brauncajs
- Microbiology and Laboratory Medical Immunology Department, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Jarzębska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - S Taka
- Allergy Department, Second Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N G Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, Second Paediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - M L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.,Healthy Ageing Research Center, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang C, Jiang D, Francisco D, Berman R, Wu Q, Ledford JG, Moore CM, Ito Y, Stevenson C, Munson D, Li L, Kraft M, Chu HW. Tollip SNP rs5743899 modulates human airway epithelial responses to rhinovirus infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1549-1563. [PMID: 27513438 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infection in asthma induces varying degrees of airway inflammation (e.g. neutrophils), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The major goal was to determine the role of genetic variation [e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] of Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) in airway epithelial responses to RV in a type 2 cytokine milieu. METHODS DNA from blood of asthmatic and normal subjects was genotyped for Tollip SNP rs5743899 AA, AG and GG genotypes. Human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells from donors without lung disease were cultured to determine pro-inflammatory and antiviral responses to IL-13 and RV16. Tollip knockout and wild-type mice were challenged with house dust mite (HDM) and infected with RV1B to determine lung inflammation and antiviral response. RESULTS Asthmatic subjects carrying the AG or GG genotype (AG/GG) compared with the AA genotype demonstrated greater airflow limitation. HTBE cells with AG/GG expressed less Tollip. Upon IL-13 and RV16 treatment, cells with AG/GG (vs. AA) produced more IL-8 and expressed less antiviral genes, which was coupled with increased NF-κB activity and decreased expression of LC3, a hallmark of the autophagic pathway. Tollip co-localized and interacted with LC3. Inhibition of autophagy decreased antiviral genes in IL-13- and RV16-treated cells. Upon HDM and RV1B, Tollip knockout (vs. wild-type) mice demonstrated higher levels of lung neutrophilic inflammation and viral load, but lower levels of antiviral gene expression. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our data suggest that Tollip SNP rs5743899 may predict varying airway response to RV infection in asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Jiang
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Francisco
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - R Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - J G Ledford
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Y Ito
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - C Stevenson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - D Munson
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M Kraft
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - H W Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV) and coronavirus (HCoV) infections are associated with both upper respiratory tract illness (“the common cold”) and lower respiratory tract illness (pneumonia). New species of HRVs and HCoVs have been diagnosed in the past decade. More sensitive diagnostic tests such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction have expanded our understanding of the role these viruses play in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. Recent identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome viruses causing serious respiratory illnesses has led to renewed efforts for vaccine development. The role these viruses play in patients with chronic lung disease such as asthma makes the search for antiviral agents of increased importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Ben Taub Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|