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Yu Y, Liu S, Yang L, Song P, Liu Z, Liu X, Yan X, Dong Q. Roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e519. [PMID: 38576456 PMCID: PMC10993368 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a spectrum of oxygenic metabolites crucial in modulating pathological organism functions. Disruptions in ROS equilibrium span various diseases, and current insights suggest a dual role for ROS in tumorigenesis and the immune response within cancer. This review rigorously examines ROS production and its role in normal cells, elucidating the subsequent regulatory network in inflammation and cancer. Comprehensive synthesis details the documented impacts of ROS on diverse immune cells. Exploring the intricate relationship between ROS and cancer immunity, we highlight its influence on existing immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptors, and cancer vaccines. Additionally, we underscore the promising prospects of utilizing ROS and targeting ROS modulators as novel immunotherapeutic interventions for cancer. This review discusses the complex interplay between ROS, inflammation, and tumorigenesis, emphasizing the multifaceted functions of ROS in both physiological and pathological conditions. It also underscores the potential implications of ROS in cancer immunotherapy and suggests future research directions, including the development of targeted therapies and precision oncology approaches. In summary, this review emphasizes the significance of understanding ROS-mediated mechanisms for advancing cancer therapy and developing personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shengzhuo Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Luchen Yang
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Pan Song
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenghuan Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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2
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Huang JQ, Cheng N, Zhong YB, Zhang ZY, Huang L, Song LZ, Li MD, Deng YF, Zhou W, Zhao HM, Liu DY. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mucosal protective effect of Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. Leaf Granule on ulcerative colitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117540. [PMID: 38056534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. Leaf Granule (COG) is a commonly used clinical preparation of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cold, but there are folk reports that it can treat diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, the mechanism of COG in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with diarrhea as the main symptom needs to be studied. AIM OF THE STUDY Combined network pharmacology and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of COG in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the main components of COG were characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS); subsequently, a network pharmacology approach was used to screen the effective chemical components and action targets of COG to construct a target network of COG for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) and literature reports were combined to identify the potential targets of COG for the treatment of UC. Finally, the predicted results of network pharmacology were validated by animal and cellular experiments. RESULTS 19 components of COG were characterized by LC-MS, among which 10 bioactive components could act on 377 potential targets of UC. Key therapeutic targets were collected, including SRC, HSP90AA1, PIK3RI, MAPK1 and ESR1. KEGG results are enriched in pathways related to oxidative stress. Molecular docking analysis showed good binding activity of main components and target genes. Animal experiments showed that COG significantly relieved the colitis symptoms in mice, regulated the Treg/Th17 balance, and promoted the secretion of IL-10 and IL-4, along with the inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, COG reduced the apoptosis of colon epithelial cells, and significantly improved the levels of SOD, MAO, GSH-px, and inhibited MDA, iNOS, eNOS in colon. Also, it increased the expression of tight junction proteins such as ZO-1, Claudin1, Occludin and E-cadherin. In vitro experiments, COG inhibited the oxidative stress and inflammatory injury of HCT116 cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS Combining network pharmacology and in vitro and in vivo experiments, COG was verified to have a good protective effect in UC, which may be related to enhancing antioxidation in colon tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Nian Cheng
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China; Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhe-Yan Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Zhao Song
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming-Da Li
- College of Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Fei Deng
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang Medical College, 330004, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China.
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China; Formula-Pattern Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004, Nanchang, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Industry, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China.
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3
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da Paz Martins AS, de Andrade KQ, de Araújo ORP, da Conceição GCM, da Silva Gomes A, Goulart MOF, Moura FA. Extraintestinal Manifestations in Induced Colitis: Controversial Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Colon, Liver, and Kidney. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:8811463. [PMID: 37577725 PMCID: PMC10423092 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by continuous inflammation in the colonic mucosa. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) occur due to the disruption of the intestinal barrier and increased permeability caused by redox imbalance, dysbiosis, and inflammation originating from the intestine and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on colonic, hepatic, and renal tissues in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male Swiss mice received NAC (150 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 30 days before and during (DSS 5% v/v; for 7 days) colitis induction. On the 38th day, colon, liver, and kidney were collected and adequately prepared for the analysis of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) and inflammatory biomarkers (myeloperoxidase (MPO) -, tumor necrosis factor alpha - (TNF-α, and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). In colon, NAC protected the histological architecture. However, NAC did not level up SOD, in contrast, it increased MDA and pro-inflammatory effect (increased of TNF-α and decreased of IL-10). In liver, colitis caused both oxidative (MDA, SOD, and GSH) and inflammatory damage (IL-10). NAC was able only to increase GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. Kidney was not affected by colitis; however, NAC despite increasing CAT, GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio promoted lipid peroxidation (increased MDA) and pro-inflammatory action (decreased IL-10). Despite some beneficial antioxidant effects of NAC, the negative outcomes concerning irreversible oxidative and inflammatory damage in the colon, liver, and kidney confirm the nonsafety of the prophylactic use of this antioxidant in models of induced colitis, suggesting that additional studies are needed, and its use in humans not yet recommended for the therapeutic routine of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amylly Sanuelly da Paz Martins
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Amanda da Silva Gomes
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart
- Doctoral Program of the Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Andréa Moura
- College of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
- College of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
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Thapa P, Jiang H, Ding N, Hao Y, Alshahrani A, Lee EY, Fujii J, Wei Q. Loss of Peroxiredoxin IV Protects Mice from Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colorectal Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:677. [PMID: 36978925 PMCID: PMC10045277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4), a typical two-cysteine-containing member of the peroxidase family, functions as an antioxidant to maintain cellular redox homeostasis through the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via cycles of oxidation-reduction reactions. Under oxidative stress, all Prxs including Prx4 are inactivated as their catalytic cysteines undergo hyperoxidation, and hyperoxidized two-cysteine Prxs can be exclusively repaired and revitalized through the reduction cycle catalyzed by sulfiredoxin (Srx). Previously, we showed that Prx4 is a preferred substrate of Srx, and knockout of Srx in mice leads to resistance to azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis. To further understand the significance of the Srx/Prx4 axis in colorectal cancer development, Prx4-/- mice were established and subjected to standard AOM/DSS protocol. Compared with wildtype littermates, mice with Prx4-/- genotype had significantly fewer and smaller tumors. Histopathological analysis revealed that loss of Prx4 leads to increased cell death through lipid peroxidation and lower infiltration of inflammatory cells in the knockout tumors compared to wildtype. Treatment with DSS alone also showed decreased infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes in the colon of knockout mice, suggesting a role for Prx4 in inflammatory response. In addition, loss of Prx4 caused alterations in plasma cytokines and chemokines after DSS and AOM/DSS treatments. These findings suggest that loss of Prx4 protects mice from AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis. Thus, targeting Prx4 may provide novel strategies for colon cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Thapa
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yanning Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Eun Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biomolecular Function, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Liu Z, Niu X, Wang J. Naringenin as a natural immunomodulator against T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases: literature review and network-based pharmacology study. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11026-11043. [PMID: 35776085 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T cells, especially CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, play a vital role in the pathogenesis of specific autoimmune diseases. Naringenin, a citrus flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antitumor properties, which have been verified in animal autoimmune disease models. However, naringenin's possible effects and molecular mechanisms in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases are unclear. This review summarizes the findings of previous studies and predicts the target of naringenin in T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis through network pharmacology analysis. We performed DAVID enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction analysis, and molecular docking to predict the positive effect of naringenin on T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders. Sixteen common genes were screened, among which the core genes were PTGS2, ESR1, CAT, CASP3, MAPK1, and AKT1. The possible molecular mechanism relates to HIF-1, estrogen, TNF, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our findings have significance for future naringenin treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejin Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinli Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Mitigation of DSS-Induced Colitis Potentially via Th1/Th2 Cytokine and Immunological Function Balance Induced by Phenolic-Enriched Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Bee Pollen Extract. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091293. [PMID: 35564016 PMCID: PMC9105923 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is an inflammatory disease that results from the overactivation of effector immune cells, producing a high quantity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our study aimed to explore whether buckwheat (F. esculentum) bee pollen extract (FBPE) could inhibit the progression of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis via regulating immune function. We isolated and identified six main phenolic compounds of FBPE such as luteolin (9.46 mg/g) by column chromatography, HPLC-DAD, ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy, then assessed their effects on colonic mucosal injury by clinical symptoms, histomorphology and immunohistochemistry examinations. The results showed that FBPE at 25.2 g/kg body weight (g/kg BW) changed the clinical symptoms of colitis, the ICAM-1 expression in colon, the activity of related inflammatory mediators in colon tissue and helped restore the immune system. Compared with the model group (40.28%), the CD4 positivity was significantly reduced in the HD (High-dose group: 25.2 g FBPE/kg BW/day) group (20.45%). Administration of 25.2 g/kg BW of FBPE decreased the IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 levels, while enhancing the IL-10 level, and significantly inhibited the abnormally decreased IgG (Model: 13.25 mg/mL, HD: 14.06 mg/mL), showing a reversal effect on the Th1/Th2 levels in colitis. These findings suggested that FBPE at 25.2 g/kg BW had the effects of alleviating colitis and immunomodulation, which can help in the development of safe and effective immune therapy.
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Honda M, Segawa T, Ishikawa K, Maeda M, Saito Y, Kon S. Nephronectin influences EAE development by regulating Th17/Treg balance via reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C699-C711. [PMID: 35235429 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00376.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood levels of the extracellular matrix protein nephronectin (Npnt), a protein critical for kidney development, are elevated in autoimmune experimental encephalitis (EAE) mice, which are a model for multiple sclerosis. We found here that treatment with anti-Npnt antibody directed against the α8β1 integrin-binding site (Npnt-FD antibody) inhibits EAE development. The selenium transporter selenoprotein P (SeP) was identified as a novel Npnt-binding partner. In EAE, Npnt induced SeP and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) expression, followed by reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition in CD4+ T cells; these changes were disturbed by Npnt-FD antibody treatment, which also caused decreased differentiation of interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+ T-helper cells (Th17s) and increased differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Treatment of EAE mice with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) blocked the Npnt-FD antibody-induced decrease in Th17 differentiation and increase in Treg differentiation. In conclusion, the interaction between Npnt and SeP contributes to EAE development by regulating the Th17/Treg balance via the ROS level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Honda
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Yoshiro Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kon
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Japan
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Lu L, Xu W, Liu J, Chen L, Hu S, Sheng Q, Zhang M, Lv Z. DRG1 Maintains Intestinal Epithelial Cell Junctions and Barrier Function by Regulating RAC1 Activity in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:4237-4250. [PMID: 33471252 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An immature intestine is a high-risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is a serious intestinal disease in newborns. The regulation of developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1) during organ development suggests a potential role of DRG1 in the maturation process of the intestine. AIM To illustrate the function of DRG1 during the pathogenesis of NEC. METHODS DRG1 expression in the intestine was measured using immunohistochemistry and q-PCR. Immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry was used to identify the interacting proteins of DRG1. The biological functions of the potential interactors were annotated with the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Caco2 and FHs74Int cells with stable DRG1 silencing or overexpression were used to investigate the influence of DRG1 on cell junctions and intestinal barrier permeability and to elucidate the downstream mechanism. RESULTS DRG1 was constitutively expressed during the intestinal maturation process but significantly decreased in the ileum in the context of NEC. Protein interaction analysis revealed that DRG1 was closely correlated with cell junctions. DRG1 deficiency destabilized the E-cadherin and occludin proteins near the cell membrane and increased the permeability of the epithelial cell monolayer, while DRG1 overexpression prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced disruption of E-cadherin and occludin expression and cell monolayer integrity. Further investigation suggested that DRG1 maintained cell junctions, especially adherens junctions, by regulating RAC1 activity, and RAC1 inhibition with NSC23766 attenuated intestinal injury and led to improved barrier integrity in experimental NEC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate the mechanism underlying the effect of DRG1 deficiency on epithelial cell permeability regulation and provide evidence supporting the application of RAC1 inhibitors for protection against NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weijue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiangbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qingfeng Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhibao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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9
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Ma C, Hoffmann PR. Selenoproteins as regulators of T cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 115:54-61. [PMID: 33214077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in regulating the immune system. T cells are of particular interest due to their important role in promoting adaptive immunity against pathogens and cancer as well as regulating tolerance, all of which are influenced by dietary Se levels. The biological effects of Se are mainly exerted through the actions of the proteins into which it is inserted, i.e. selenoproteins. Thus, the roles that selenoproteins play in regulating T cell biology and molecular mechanisms involved have emerged as important areas of research for understanding how selenium affects immunity. Members of this diverse family of proteins exhibit a wide variety of functions within T cells that include regulating calcium flux induced by T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, shaping the redox tone of T cells before, during, and after activation, and linking TCR-induced activation to metabolic reprogramming required for T cell proliferation and differentiation. This review summarizes recent insights into the roles that selenoproteins play in these processes and their implications in understanding how Se may influence immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA.
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10
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Wang L, Kuang Z, Zhang D, Gao Y, Ying M, Wang T. Reactive oxygen species in immune cells: A new antitumor target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110978. [PMID: 33176269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells have the potential to control the growth of tumor. However, this effect could be offset by immunosuppression associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Multiple studies indicate that the antitumor effect of immune cells is correlated with their antioxidant capacity. This review discusses the role of reactive oxygen species in the tumor microenvironment by describing their distinct effects on different immune cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. In the end, we conclude with the prospect of treatment for cancer by targeting antioxidant defense in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zheng Kuang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Duo Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Mingzhen Ying
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Center for Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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11
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Vincent G, Novak EA, Siow VS, Cunningham KE, Griffith BD, Comerford TE, Mentrup HL, Stolz DB, Loughran P, Ranganathan S, Mollen KP. Nix-Mediated Mitophagy Modulates Mitochondrial Damage During Intestinal Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1-19. [PMID: 32103677 PMCID: PMC7262642 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Mitochondrial stress and dysfunction within the intestinal epithelium are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the importance of mitophagy during intestinal inflammation remains poorly understood. The primary aim of this study was to investigate how the mitophagy protein BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3-like (BNIP3L/NIX) mitigates mitochondrial damage during intestinal inflammation in the hopes that these data will allow us to target mitochondrial health in the intestinal epithelium as an adjunct to immune-based treatment strategies. Results: In the intestinal epithelium of patients with ulcerative colitis, we found that NIX was upregulated and targeted to the mitochondria. We obtained similar findings in wild-type mice undergoing experimental colitis. An increase in NIX expression was found to depend on stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1α), which binds to the Nix promoter region. Using the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger MitoTEMPO, we were able to attenuate disease and inhibit both HIF1α stabilization and subsequent NIX expression, suggesting that mitochondrially derived ROS are crucial to initiating the mitophagic response during intestinal inflammation. We subjected a global Nix-/- mouse to dextran sodium sulfate colitis and found that these mice developed worse disease. In addition, Nix-/- mice were found to exhibit increased mitochondrial mass, likely due to the inability to clear damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Innovation: These results demonstrate the importance of mitophagy within the intestinal epithelium during IBD pathogenesis. Conclusion: NIX-mediated mitophagy is required to maintain intestinal homeostasis during inflammation, highlighting the impact of mitochondrial damage on IBD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Vincent
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Novak
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vei Shaun Siow
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kellie E Cunningham
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Heather L Mentrup
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia Loughran
- Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kevin P Mollen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Surgery and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Patwardhan RS, Singh B, Pal D, Checker R, Bandekar M, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Redox regulation of regulatory T-cell differentiation and functions. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:947-960. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1745202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra S. Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Debojyoti Pal
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Checker
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Mayuri Bandekar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh K. Sandur
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Modular Laboratories, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, India
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13
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Kim HR, Choi EJ, Kie JH, Lee JH, Seoh JY. Deficiency of glutathione peroxidase-1 and catalase attenuated diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:151-161. [PMID: 31372751 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress has been considered to contribute to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders including insulin resistance. To the contrary, deficiency of an anti-oxidizing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1, was reported to enhance insulin signaling, suggesting that oxidative stress may inhibit the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the beneficial effects of the absence of GPx-1 in metabolic homeostasis, including body weight control, have not yet been clearly manifested. To clarify the relationship between oxidative stress and obesity-related metabolic disorders, we investigated another mouse deficient with both GPx-1 and catalase (Cat). METHODS C57BL/6J wild-type and GPx-1-/- × Cat-/- mice were fed with a high-fat diet (60% fat) or a normal chow diet for 16 weeks and were investigated for metabolic and histological studies. RESULTS Body weight gain was significantly reduced, and glucose metabolism as well as hepatic steatosis was obviously improved in the GPx-1-/- × Cat-/- mice. The serum levels of insulin and total cholesterol were also significantly lowered. For the underlying mechanism, inflammation was attenuated and expression of markers for fat browning was enhanced in the visceral white adipose tissues. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress due to deficiency of GPx-1 and Cat may improve obesity-related metabolic disorders through attenuation of inflammation and fat browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Ran Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Magokdongro 2-25, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Magokdongro 2-25, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hae Kie
- Department of Pathology, National Health Insurance Cooperation Ilsan Hospital, Koyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Lee
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Mediplant Research Institute of Bioscience, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Seoh
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Medicine, Magokdongro 2-25, Gangseo-Gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
- Mediplant Research Institute of Bioscience, Mapo-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kapnick SM, Pacheco SE, McGuire PJ. The emerging role of immune dysfunction in mitochondrial diseases as a paradigm for understanding immunometabolism. Metabolism 2018; 81:97-112. [PMID: 29162500 PMCID: PMC5866745 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunometabolism aims to define the role of intermediary metabolism in immune cell function, with bioenergetics and the mitochondria recently taking center stage. To date, the medical literature on mitochondria and immune function extols the virtues of mouse models in exploring this biologic intersection. While the laboratory mouse has become a standard for studying mammalian biology, this model comprises part of a comprehensive approach. Humans, with their broad array of inherited phenotypes, serve as a starting point for studying immunometabolism; specifically, patients with mitochondrial disease. Using this top-down approach, the mouse as a model organism facilitates further exploration of the consequences of mutations involved in mitochondrial maintenance and function. In this review, we will discuss the emerging phenotype of immune dysfunction in mitochondrial disease as a model for understanding the role of the mitochondria in immune function in available mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senta M Kapnick
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan E Pacheco
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J McGuire
- Metabolism, Infection and Immunity Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Moein S, Qujeq D, Kashifard M, Hajian-Tilaki K. Positive Correlation of Fecal Calprotectin With Serum Antioxidant Enzymes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Accidental Numerical Correlation or a New Finding? Am J Med Sci 2017; 355:449-455. [PMID: 29753375 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress occuring in patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the relationship between oxidative stress, disease activity and inflammatory markers has not been well established. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 patients diagnosed with IBD and 30 volunteers who had normal colonoscopies, selected as controls, were used for this study. The serum levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative markers (malondialdehyde [MDA] and total antioxidant capacity) were compared between the 2 groups. Furthermore, their correlations with disease activity scores and inflammatory markers, especially the fecal calprotectin, were examined. RESULTS Catalase and glutathione peroxidase concentrations were significantly correlated with the level of fecal calprotectin in patients with IBD. Nevertheless, there were no significant correlations between the concentrations of the above-mentioned enzymes and C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate or the activity scores of IBD patients. It should be noted that MDA and total antioxidant capacity levels did not correlate with the inflammatory markers or the disease activity scores. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive correlation between fecal calprotectin and serum antioxidant enzymes in patients with IBD, but, there was no correlation between antioxidant and oxidative markers in terms of disease activity scores. Hence, the observed significant correlation between the antioxidant enzymes and the fecal calprotectin may be due to either the pro-oxidant potential of calprotectin or its antioxidant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Soheila Moein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kashifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Karimollah Hajian-Tilaki
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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16
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Roy J, Galano JM, Durand T, Le Guennec JY, Lee JCY. Physiological role of reactive oxygen species as promoters of natural defenses. FASEB J 2017; 31:3729-3745. [PMID: 28592639 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700170r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been 60 yr since the discovery of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biology and the beginning of the scientific community's attempt to understand the impact of the unpaired electron of ROS molecules in biological pathways, which was eventually noted to be toxic. Several studies have shown that the presence of ROS is essential in triggering or acting as a secondary factor for numerous pathologies, including metabolic and genetic diseases; however, it was demonstrated that chronic treatment with antioxidants failed to show efficacy and positive effects in the prevention of diseases or health complications that result from oxidative stress. On the contrary, such treatment has been shown to sometimes even worsen the disease. Because of the permanent presence of ROS in organisms, elaborate mechanisms to adapt with these reactive molecules and to use them without necessarily blocking or preventing their actions have been studied. There is now a large body of evidence that shows that living organisms have conformed to the presence of ROS and, in retrospect, have adapted to the bioactive molecules that are generated by ROS on proteins, lipids, and DNA. In addition, ROS have undergone a shift from being molecules that invoked oxidative damage in regulating signaling pathways that impinged on normal physiological and redox responses. Working in this direction, this review unlocks a new conception about the involvement of cellular oxidants in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in redox regulation of normal physiological functions, and an explanation for its essential role in numerous pathophysiological states is noted.-Roy, J., Galano, J.-M., Durand, T., Le Guennec, J.-Y., Lee, J. C.-Y. Physiological role of reactive oxygen species as promoters of natural defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Roy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada; .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 9214, Inserm Unité 1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5247, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Le Guennec
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 9214, Inserm Unité 1046 Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Wang B, Wu C. Dietary soy isoflavones alleviate dextran sulfate sodium-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:276-282. [PMID: 28672925 PMCID: PMC5488499 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that soy isoflavones exhibit anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory functions, however, the effects of soy isoflavones on inflammatory bowel diseases remain unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of dietary soy isoflavones on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Mice were administered DSS and soy isoflavones, and histomorphometry, oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal tight junctions were determined. The current study demonstrated that dietary soy isoflavones alleviated DSS-induced growth suppression, colonic inflammatory response, oxidative stress and colonic barrier dysfunction. DSS treatment was indicated to activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TRL4) and myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) in mice, whereas dietary soy isoflavones inhibited Myd88 expression in DSS-challenged mice. In conclusion, dietary soy isoflavones alleviate DSS-induced inflammation in mice, which may be associated with enhancing antioxidant function and inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Food and Nutritional Engineering, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, P.R. China
| | - Cunbing Wu
- Department of Food Engineering, Jiangsu Polytechnic of Finance and Economics, Huaian, Jiangsu 223005, P.R. China
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18
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mTORC1-Activated Monocytes Increase Tregs and Inhibit the Immune Response to Bacterial Infections. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:7369351. [PMID: 27746591 PMCID: PMC5056273 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7369351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The TSC1/2 heterodimer, a key upstream regulator of the mTOR, can inhibit the activation of mTOR, which plays a critical role in immune responses after bacterial infections. Monocytes are an innate immune cell type that have been shown to be involved in bacteremia. However, how the mTOR pathway is involved in the regulation of monocytes is largely unknown. In our study, TSC1 KO mice and WT mice were infected with E. coli. When compared to WT mice, we found higher mortality, greater numbers of bacteria, decreased expression of coactivators in monocytes, increased numbers of Tregs, and decreased numbers of effector T cells in TSC1 KO mice. Monocytes obtained from TSC1 KO mice produced more ROS, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β and less IL-1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhibited immune functioning in TSC1 KO mice is influenced by mTORC1 activation in monocytes. The reduced expression of coactivators resulted in inhibited effector T cell proliferation. mTORC1-activated monocytes are harmful during bacterial infections. Therefore, inhibiting mTORC1 signaling through rapamycin administration could rescue the harmful aspects of an overactive immune response, and this knowledge provides a new direction for clinical therapy.
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19
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Glutathione peroxidase 1 deficiency attenuates concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury by modulation of T-cell activation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2208. [PMID: 27124582 PMCID: PMC4855674 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis model is well-established experimental T cell-mediated liver disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with T-cell activation and proliferation, but continued ROS exposure induces T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Because glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) is an antioxidant enzyme and is involved in T-cell development, we investigated the role of Gpx1 during Con A-induced liver injury in Gpx1 knockout (KO) mice. Male wild-type (WT) mice and Gpx1 KO mice were intravenously injected with Con A (10 mg/kg), and then killed after 8 h after Con A injection. Serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were measured to assess hepatic injury. To identify that Gpx1 affects T cell-mediated inflammation, we pretreated Gpx1 inhibitor to Human Jurkat T cells then treated Con A. Con A-induced massive liver damage in WT mice but its damage was attenuated in Gpx1 KO mice. Con A-induced Th1 cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 were also decreased in the liver and spleen of Gpx1 KO mice compared with WT mice. In Jurkat T cells, Con A-induced mRNA levels of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α were downregulated by pretreatment of Gpx inhibitor, mercaptosuccinic acid. We also observed that Gpx1 KO mice showed increasing oxidative stress in the liver and spleen compared with WT mice. These results suggest that Gpx1 deficiency attenuates Con A-induced liver injury by induction of T-cell hyporesponsiveness through chronic ROS exposure.
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20
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Xu Y, Guo N, Dou D, Ran X, Ma X, Kuang H. Proteomics Study on Nonallergic Hypersensitivity Induced by Compound 4880 and Ovalbumin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148262. [PMID: 26829397 PMCID: PMC4734762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonallergic hypersensitivity reaction (NHR) accounts for more than 77% of all immune-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions and has become a serious threat to public health. Here, proteomics was used to study the NHR mechanism of two typical substances, the compound 4880 and ovalbumin. Twelve different proteins were suggested as potential biomarkers for examining the NHR mechanism, and our results revealed that the mechanism mainly encompassed 2 processes, i.e., generation and effect processes. The generation process could be classified as direct stimulation, complement (classical and alternative), coagulation, kallikrein-kinin, and integrated pathways. Thus glutathione peroxidase 1, terminal complement complex (complement factor 4d and Bb), coagulation 13, kininogen-1, and IgE could be used as candidate biomarkers for the indication of the corresponding pathways respectively, the proteins were further confirmed by ELISA. And the effect process was mainly composed of histamine as well as proteins such as DCD and MYLPF, which could be used as important indices for the symptoms of NHR. Our study differs from previous studies in that C4880 was found to not only be involved in the direct stimulation pathway, but also in the activated complement and kallikrein-kinin pathways through the coagulation pathway. We also report for the first time that ovalbumin-induced NHR could be a combination of the coagulation, classical complement, and integrated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Dou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail: (DQD); (HXK)
| | - Xiaoku Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiande Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- College of pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail: (DQD); (HXK)
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21
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Craige SM, Kant S, Reif M, Chen K, Pei Y, Angoff R, Sugamura K, Fitzgibbons T, Keaney JF. Endothelial NADPH oxidase 4 protects ApoE-/- mice from atherosclerotic lesions. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1-7. [PMID: 26169727 PMCID: PMC4783146 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to be involved in atherosclerosis development and progression. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is a constitutively active ROS-producing enzyme that is highly expressed in the vascular endothelium. Nox4 is unique in its biology and has been implicated in vascular repair, however, the role of Nox4 in atherosclerosis is unknown. Therefore, to determine the effect of endothelial Nox4 on development of atherosclerosis, Apoe E-/- mice +/- endothelial Nox4 (ApoE-/- + EC Nox4) were fed a high cholesterol/high fat (Western) diet for 24 weeks. Significantly fewer atherosclerotic lesions were observed in the ApoE-/- + EC Nox4 mice as compared to the ApoE-/- littermates, which was most striking in the abdominal region of the aorta. In addition, markers of T cell populations were markedly different between the groups; T regulatory cell marker (FoxP3) was increased whereas T effector cell marker (T-bet) was decreased in aorta from ApoE-/- + EC Nox4 mice compared to ApoE-/- alone. We also observed decreased monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG; CXCL9), a cytokine known to recruit and activate T cells, in plasma and tissue from ApoE-/- + EC Nox4 mice. To further investigate the link between endothelial Nox4 and MIG expression, we utilized cultured endothelial cells from our EC Nox4 transgenic mice and human cells with adenoviral overexpression of Nox4. In these cultured cells, upregulation of Nox4 attenuated endothelial cell MIG expression in response to interferon-gamma. Together these data suggest that endothelial Nox4 expression reduces MIG production and promotes a T cell distribution that favors repair over inflammation, leading to protection from atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Craige
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Shashi Kant
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michaella Reif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yongmei Pei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Angoff
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Koichi Sugamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
| | - Timothy Fitzgibbons
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John F Keaney
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Wang X, Wang S, Hu C, Chen W, Shen Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Xu Q. A new pharmacological effect of levornidazole: Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26212544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Levornidazole, which was originally used to inhibit anaerobic and protozoal infections, is currently known to possess a novel pharmacological effect. In this study, we investigated the possible modulation by levornidazole of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β and IL-18 release from macrophages. The NLRP3 inflammasome could be activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus ATP or monosodium urate (MSU) in PMA-pretreated THP-1 macrophages. Surprisingly, an in vitro study showed that levornidazole suppressed IL-1β and IL-18 secretion by blocking the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, dextrornidazole barely suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome. Levornidazole displays activity similar to that of dextrornidazole against clinical anaerobic bacteria, and they possess the same pharmacokinetic properties. Moreover, both of these compounds were unable to ameliorate T cell-mediated inflammation. Therefore, we used the widely applied NLRP3 inflammasome-related models of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and LPS-induced endotoxin shock to confirm the novel pharmacological effect of levornidazole in vivo. The in vivo studies verified the novel activity of levornidazole because the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome by levornidazole contributed to a better ameliorating effect than that of dextrornidazole in the in vivo models tested. Furthermore, this inhibitory effect of levornidazole was found to be at least partially achieved by decreasing the mitochondrial ROS generation without inhibiting NF-κB activation. In summary, these data describe a new pharmacological effect of levornidazole as an inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chunhui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Craige SM, Kant S, Keaney JF. Reactive oxygen species in endothelial function - from disease to adaptation - . Circ J 2015; 79:1145-55. [PMID: 25986771 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial function is largely dictated by its ability to rapidly sense environmental cues and adapt to these stimuli through changes in vascular tone, inflammation/immune recruitment, and angiogenesis. When any one of these abilities is compromised, the endothelium becomes dysfunctional, which ultimately leads to disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been established at the forefront of endothelial dysfunction; however, more careful examination has demonstrated that ROS are fundamental to each of the sensing/signaling roles of the endothelium. The purpose of this review is to document endothelial ROS production in both disease and physiological adaptation. Through understanding new endothelial signaling paradigms, we will gain insight into more targeted therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.
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Khmaladze I, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R. Reactive oxygen species in psoriasis and psoriasis arthritis: relevance to human disease. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 166:135-49. [PMID: 25824670 DOI: 10.1159/000375401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps) is a chronic, immune-mediated, skin inflammatory disease affecting up to 3% of the population worldwide. Different environmental triggers initiate this complex multifactorial syndrome. Many individuals affected by Ps (6-26%) develop inflammatory disease in other organs, often in the joints as in psoriasis arthritis (PsA). Animal models that reflect the typical Ps syndrome, including both skin and joint pathology as in Ps and PsA, are valuable tools for dissecting disease pathways leading to clinical manifestations. In this context, we developed a new acute Ps and PsA-like disease model that appears after exposure to Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan in certain mouse strains. The disease was found to be triggered by mannan-activated macrophages, leading to the activation of a pathogenic interleukin-17 pathway involving innate lymphocytes. Interestingly, the production of reactive oxygen species protected the mice from the triggering of this pathway and ameliorated Ps and PsA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ia Khmaladze
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Villegas I, Rosillo MÁ, Aparicio-Soto M, de la Lastra CA. Dietary squalene supplementation improves DSS-induced acute colitis by downregulating p38 MAPK and NFkB signaling pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:284-92. [PMID: 25387687 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Squalene is a polyunsaturated triterpene, which has exhibited anticancer and antioxidant activities among others. We investigated dietary squalene supplementation effect on an acute colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed from weaning with squalene at 0.02% and 0.1%. After 4 weeks, mice were exposed to 3% DSS for 5 days developing acute colitis. After DSS removal (5 days), colons were histological and biochemically processed. Our results showed that dietary squalene treatment exerts anti-inflammatory action in DSS-induced acute colitis. Western blot revealed that squalene downregulated COX-2 (where COX is cyclooxygenase) and inducible nitric oxide synthase system by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 and the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways, preventing an increase in the cytokines levels. Under our experimental conditions, STAT3 and FOXP3 (where FOXP3 is forkhead box P3) were not modified and the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant and/or detoxifying enzymes, Nrf2 (where Nrf2 is nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2), was reduced in DSS-induced colitis. However, any change could be observed after squalene supplementation. CONCLUSION Squalene was able to improve the oxidative events and returned proinflammatory proteins expression to basal levels probably through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. However, supplementary studies are needed in order to provide a basis for developing a new dietary supplementation strategy.
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Gerriets VA, Kishton RJ, Nichols AG, Macintyre AN, Inoue M, Ilkayeva O, Winter PS, Liu X, Priyadharshini B, Slawinska ME, Haeberli L, Huck C, Turka LA, Wood KC, Hale LP, Smith PA, Schneider MA, MacIver NJ, Locasale JW, Newgard CB, Shinohara ML, Rathmell JC. Metabolic programming and PDHK1 control CD4+ T cell subsets and inflammation. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:194-207. [PMID: 25437876 DOI: 10.1172/jci76012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of CD4+ T cells results in rapid proliferation and differentiation into effector and regulatory subsets. CD4+ effector T cell (Teff) (Th1 and Th17) and Treg subsets are metabolically distinct, yet the specific metabolic differences that modify T cell populations are uncertain. Here, we evaluated CD4+ T cell populations in murine models and determined that inflammatory Teffs maintain high expression of glycolytic genes and rely on high glycolytic rates, while Tregs are oxidative and require mitochondrial electron transport to proliferate, differentiate, and survive. Metabolic profiling revealed that pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is a key bifurcation point between T cell glycolytic and oxidative metabolism. PDH function is inhibited by PDH kinases (PDHKs). PDHK1 was expressed in Th17 cells, but not Th1 cells, and at low levels in Tregs, and inhibition or knockdown of PDHK1 selectively suppressed Th17 cells and increased Tregs. This alteration in the CD4+ T cell populations was mediated in part through ROS, as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment restored Th17 cell generation. Moreover, inhibition of PDHK1 modulated immunity and protected animals against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, decreasing Th17 cells and increasing Tregs. Together, these data show that CD4+ subsets utilize and require distinct metabolic programs that can be targeted to control specific T cell populations in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:206732. [PMID: 25061603 PMCID: PMC4100452 DOI: 10.1155/2014/206732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on the preliminary screening of eight indigenous putative probiotic Lactobacilli, Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1 was selected for assessing its antioxidative efficacy in DSS colitis mouse model based on its ability to enhance the expression of “Nrf2” by 6.43-fold and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibition by 78.1 ± 0.24% in HT-29 cells under H2O2 stress. The Disease Activity Index and histological scores of Lf1-treated mice were lower than the control group. However, expression of “Nrf2” was not observed in Lf1-treated mice. A significant increase in the expression of antioxidative enzymes such as SOD2 and TrxR-1 was recorded in both of the groups. The expression of SOD2 was significantly downregulated in colitis-induced mice by −100.00-fold relative to control group, and the downregulation was considerably reduced to −37.04-fold in colitis Lf1 treatment group. Almost, a similar trend was recorded in case of “thioredoxin” expression, though “CAT” was refractile to expression. The Lf1-treated group had decreased malondialdehyde level as compared to colitis control (37.92 ± 6.31 versus 91.13 ± 5.76 μM/g). These results point towards Lf1-induced activation of the antioxidant enzyme system in the mouse model and its prospects to be explored as a new strategy for IBD management.
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