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Inoue K, Kinoshita M, Muranishi K, Ohara J, Sudo K, Kawaguchi K, Shimizu M, Naito Y, Moriyama K, Sawa T. Effect of a Novel Trivalent Vaccine Formulation against Acute Lung Injury Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1088. [PMID: 37376477 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa would benefit people susceptible to severe infection. Vaccination targeting V antigen (PcrV) of the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system is a potential prophylactic strategy for reducing P. aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury and acute mortality. We created a recombinant protein (designated POmT) comprising three antigens: full-length PcrV (PcrV#1-#294), the outer membrane domain (#190-342) of OprF (OprF#190-#342), and a non-catalytic mutant of the carboxyl domain (#406-613) of exotoxin A (mToxA#406-#613(E553Δ)). In the combination of PcrV and OprF, mToxA, the efficacy of POmT was compared with that of single-antigen vaccines, two-antigen mixed vaccines, and a three-antigen mixed vaccine in a murine model of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. As a result, the 24 h-survival rates were 79%, 78%, 21%, 7%, and 36% in the POmT, PcrV, OprF, mTox, and alum-alone groups, respectively. Significant improvement in acute lung injury and reduction in acute mortality within 24 h after infection was observed in the POmT and PcrV groups than in the other groups. Overall, the POmT vaccine exhibited efficacy comparable to that of the PcrV vaccine. The future goal is to prove the efficacy of the POmT vaccine against various P. aeruginosa strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kentaro Muranishi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Junya Ohara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ken Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Wang X, Liu C, Rcheulishvili N, Papukashvili D, Xie F, Zhao J, Hu X, Yu K, Yang N, Pan X, Liu X, Wang PG, He Y. Strong immune responses and protection of PcrV and OprF-I mRNA vaccine candidates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:76. [PMID: 37231060 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a leading cause of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The multidrug-resistance (MDR) rate of PA is increasing making the management of PA a global challenge. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent the most promising alternative to conventional vaccines and are widely studied for viral infection and cancer immunotherapy while rarely studied for bacterial infections. In this study, two mRNA vaccines encoding PcrV- the key component of the type III secretion system in Pseudomonas and the fusion protein OprF-I comprising outer membrane proteins OprF and OprI were constructed. The mice were immunized with either one of these mRNA vaccines or with the combination of both. Additionally, mice were vaccinated with PcrV, OprF, or the combination of these two proteins. Immunization with either mRNA-PcrV or mRNA-OprF-I elicited a Th1/Th2 mixed or slighted Th1-biased immune response, conferred broad protection, and reduced bacterial burden and inflammation in burn and systemic infection models. mRNA-PcrV induced significantly stronger antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses and higher survival rate compared with the OprF-I after challenging with all the PA strains tested. The combined mRNA vaccine demonstrated the best survival rate. Moreover, the mRNA vaccines showed the superiority over protein vaccines. These results suggest that mRNA-PcrV as well as the mixture of mRNA-PcrV and mRNA-OprF-I are promising vaccine candidates for the prevention of PA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Critical Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dimitri Papukashvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengfei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiwei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuehua Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Critical Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yunjiao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Sanya DRA, Onésime D, Vizzarro G, Jacquier N. Recent advances in therapeutic targets identification and development of treatment strategies towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:86. [PMID: 36991325 PMCID: PMC10060139 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causal agent of a wide variety of infections. This non-fermentative Gram-negative bacillus can colonize zones where the skin barrier is weakened, such as wounds or burns. It also causes infections of the urinary tract, respiratory system or bloodstream. P. aeruginosa infections are common in hospitalized patients for which multidrug-resistant, respectively extensively drug-resistant isolates can be a strong contributor to a high rate of in-hospital mortality. Moreover, chronic respiratory system infections of cystic fibrosis patients are especially concerning, since very tedious to treat. P. aeruginosa exploits diverse cell-associated and secreted virulence factors, which play essential roles in its pathogenesis. Those factors encompass carbohydrate-binding proteins, quorum sensing that monitor the production of extracellular products, genes conferring extensive drug resistance, and a secretion system to deliver effectors to kill competitors or subvert host essential functions. In this article, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of P. aeruginosa pathogenicity and virulence as well as efforts for the identification of new drug targets and the development of new therapeutic strategies against P. aeruginosa infections. These recent advances provide innovative and promising strategies to circumvent infection caused by this important human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Djamila Onésime
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | - Grazia Vizzarro
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Present Address: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Station 19, EPFL-SV-UPBLO, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Jacquier
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
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Needle-Free Devices and CpG-Adjuvanted DNA Improve Anti-HIV Antibody Responses of Both DNA and Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Vectored Candidate Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020376. [PMID: 36851255 PMCID: PMC9965773 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of mosaic Gag and CAP256 envelope in an HIV vaccine regimen comprising DNA prime and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost followed by protein boost has previously been shown to generate robust autologous Tier 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in rabbits. Further refinements of this strategy have been investigated to improve antibody responses. The delivery of both DNA and recombinant MVA vaccines with a needle-free device was compared to delivery by injection, and the effect of formulating the DNA vaccine with adjuvant CpG ODN 1826 was determined. The Pharmajet Stratis® needle-free injection device (PharmaJet, Golden, CO, USA) improved binding antibody responses to the DNA vaccine as well as both binding and neutralizing antibody responses to the MVA vaccines. Formulation of the DNA vaccines with CpG adjuvant further improved the antibody responses. A shortened vaccination regimen of a single DNA inoculation followed by a single MVA inoculation did not elicit Tier 1B nor Tier 2 neutralization responses as produced by the two DNA, followed by two MVA vaccination regimen. This study showed the immunogenicity of HIV DNA and MVA vaccines administered in a DDMM regimen could be improved using the PharmaJet Stratis needle-free injection device and formulation of the DNA vaccines with CpG adjuvant.
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Vaccination of mice with hybrid protein containing Exotoxin S and PcrV with adjuvants alum and MPL protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1325. [PMID: 35079054 PMCID: PMC8789797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a common pathogen causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) has been resistant to different antibiotics and developing an effective vaccine can be an alternative strategy. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protection efficacy of formulations composed of a hybrid protein composed of P. aeruginosa V-antigen (PcrV) and exoenzyme S (ExoS) with alum and MPL were evaluated. The hybrid protein could increase the specific systemic and mucosal immune responses, as well as cellular responses as compared with control groups. Combining of alum or MPL adjuvant with the hybrid protein significantly improved the levels of IgG1, serum IgA, mucosal IgG, and IL-17 as compared to the ExoS.PcrV alone. After bladder challenge with a P. aeruginosa strain, the bacterial loads of bladder and kidneys were significantly decreased in mice received ExoS.PcrV admixed with alum and ExoS.PcrV admixed with MPL than controls. The present study indicated that immunization of mice with a hybrid protein composed of ExoS and PcrV could induce multifactorial immune responses and opsonize the bacteria and decrease the viable bacterial cells. Because P. aeruginosa have caused therapeutic challenges worldwide, our study proposed ExoS.PcrV + alum and ExoS.PcrV + MPL as promising candidates for the prevention of infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Goldberg JB, Crisan CV, Luu JM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antivirulence Strategies: Targeting the Type III Secretion System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:257-280. [PMID: 36258075 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion system (T3SS) is a complex molecular machine that delivers toxic proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm directly into host cells. This apparatus spans the inner and outer membrane and employs a needle-like structure that penetrates through the eucaryotic cell membrane into the host cell cytosol. The expression of the P. aeruginosa T3SS is highly regulated by environmental signals including low calcium and host cell contact. P. aeruginosa strains with mutations in T3SS genes are less pathogenic, suggesting that the T3SS is a virulence mechanism. Given that P. aeruginosa is naturally antibiotic resistant and multidrug resistant isolates are rapidly emerging, new antibiotics to target P. aeruginosa are needed. Furthermore, even if new antibiotics were to be developed, the timeline between when an antibiotic is released and resistance development is relatively short. Therefore, the concept of targeting virulence factors has garnered attention. So-called "antivirulence" approaches do not kill the microbe but instead focus on rendering it harmless and therefore unable to cause damage. Since these therapies target a particular system or pathway, the normal microbiome is unlikely to be affected and there is less concern about the spread to other microbes. Finally, and most importantly, since any antivirulence drug does not kill the microbe, there should be less selective pressure to develop resistance to these inhibitors. The P. aeruginosa T3SS has been well studied due to its importance for pathogenesis in numerous human and animal infections. Thus, many P. aeruginosa T3SS inhibitors have been described as potential antivirulence therapeutics, some of which have progressed to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna B Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Cristian V Crisan
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Justin M Luu
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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López-Siles M, Corral-Lugo A, McConnell MJ. Vaccines for multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria: lessons from the past for guiding future success. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa054. [PMID: 33289833 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global public health. Vaccination is an effective approach for preventing bacterial infections, however it has not been successfully applied to infections caused by some of the most problematic multidrug resistant pathogens. In this review, the potential for vaccines to contribute to reducing the burden of disease of infections caused by multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is presented. Technical, logistical and societal hurdles that have limited successful vaccine development for these infections in the past are identified, and recent advances that can contribute to overcoming these challenges are assessed. A synthesis of vaccine technologies that have been employed in the development of vaccines for key multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria is included, and emerging technologies that may contribute to future successes are discussed. Finally, a comprehensive review of vaccine development efforts over the last 40 years for three of the most worrisome multidrug resistant Gram negative pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is presented, with a focus on recent and ongoing studies. Finally, future directions for the vaccine development field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia López-Siles
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Corral-Lugo
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael J McConnell
- Intrahospital Infections Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Sainz-Mejías M, Jurado-Martín I, McClean S. Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Host Interactions: The Ongoing Quest for an Efficacious Vaccine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122617. [PMID: 33291484 PMCID: PMC7762141 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute infections in immunocompromised individuals. The adaptability of this opportunistic pathogen has hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies, and consequently, it remains a major threat to public health. Due to its antimicrobial resistance, vaccines represent an alternative strategy to tackle the pathogen, yet despite over 50 years of research on anti-Pseudomonas vaccines, no vaccine has been licensed. Nevertheless, there have been many advances in this field, including a better understanding of the host immune response and the biology of P. aeruginosa. Multiple antigens and adjuvants have been investigated with varying results. Although the most effective protective response remains to be established, it is clear that a polarised Th2 response is sub-optimal, and a mixed Th1/Th2 or Th1/Th17 response appears beneficial. This comprehensive review collates the current understanding of the complexities of P. aeruginosa-host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of Pseudomonal vaccine development and the direction of future efforts. It highlights the importance of the incorporation of appropriate adjuvants to the protective antigen to yield optimal protection.
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Xu W, Li L, Wen X, Liu Q, Liu Y, Wang X, Lei L, Chen Q, Liu L. Construction of Genomic Library and High-Throughput Screening of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Novel Antigens for Potential Vaccines. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1469-1475. [PMID: 32779581 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a great challenge in caring for critically ill and immunocompromised patients. The cause of high mortality is the presence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, which confers a pressing need for vaccines. Although vaccines against P. aeruginosa have been in development for more than several decades, there is no vaccine for patients at present. In this study, we purified genomic DNA of P. aeruginosa from sera of patients affected, constructed genome-wide library with random recombinants, and screened candidate protein antigens by evaluating their protective effects in vivo. After 13-round of screening, 115 reactive recombinants were obtained, among which 13 antigens showed strong immunoreactivity (more than 10% reaction to PcrV, a well-characterized V-antigen of P. aeruginosa). These 13 antigens were: PpiA, PtsP, OprP, CAZ10_34235, HmuU_2, PcaK, CarAd, RecG, YjiR_5, LigD, KinB, RtcA, and PscF. In vivo studies showed that vaccination with PscF protected against lethal P. aeruginosa challenge, and decreased lung inflammation and injury. A genomic library of P. aeruginosa could be constructed in this way for the first time, which could not only screen candidate antigens but also in a high-throughput way. PscF was considered as an ideal promising vaccine candidate for combating P. aeruginosa infection and was supported for further evaluation of its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Lei Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu
| | | | - Qun Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Yan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu
| | - Xingyong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders
| | - Langhuan Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders
| | - Qiushan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders
| | - Li Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu
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McBride MA, Owen AM, Stothers CL, Hernandez A, Luan L, Burelbach KR, Patil TK, Bohannon JK, Sherwood ER, Patil NK. The Metabolic Basis of Immune Dysfunction Following Sepsis and Trauma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1043. [PMID: 32547553 PMCID: PMC7273750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill, severely injured and high-risk surgical patients are vulnerable to secondary infections during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. Studies show that the mitochondrial function and oxidative metabolism of monocytes and macrophages are impaired during sepsis. Alternatively, treatment with microbe-derived ligands, such as monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), peptidoglycan, or β-glucan, that interact with toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors on leukocytes induces a state of innate immune memory that confers broad-spectrum resistance to infection with common hospital-acquired pathogens. Priming of macrophages with MPLA, CPG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), or β-glucan induces a macrophage metabolic phenotype characterized by mitochondrial biogenesis and increased oxidative metabolism in parallel with increased glycolysis, cell size and granularity, augmented phagocytosis, heightened respiratory burst functions, and more effective killing of microbes. The mitochondrion is a bioenergetic organelle that not only contributes to energy supply, biosynthesis, and cellular redox functions but serves as a platform for regulating innate immunological functions such as production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulatory intermediates. This review will define current knowledge of leukocyte metabolic dysfunction during and after sepsis and trauma. We will further discuss therapeutic strategies that target leukocyte mitochondrial function and might have value in preventing or reversing sepsis- and trauma-induced immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. McBride
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Allison M. Owen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cody L. Stothers
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Antonio Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Liming Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katherine R. Burelbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tazeen K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Julia K. Bohannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Edward R. Sherwood
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Naeem K. Patil
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Mavi SA, Modarressi MH, Mohebali M, Shojaee S, Zeraati H, Teimouri A, Keshavarz H. Assessment of the immunogenicity and protective efficiency of a novel dual-promoter DNA vaccine, harboring SAG1 and GRA7 genes, from RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2519-2530. [PMID: 31616167 PMCID: PMC6699518 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s209270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, has been a serious human and veterinary medicine problem with global distribution. In the current study, we assessed immunogenicity and protective efficiency of a novel dual-promoter DNA vaccine, harboring SAG1 and GRA7 genes, from RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) with or without CpG-ODN as adjuvant in a murine model. METHODS BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 alone and pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 with CpG-ODN three times at three-week intervals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) cytokines in mice sera. Four weeks post final vaccination, MTT assay and lethal challenge-infection with 1×103 tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain were carried out to assess stimulation index (SI) and mice survival time, respectively. RESULTS The IgG levels in mice immunized with multicomponent vaccines, including pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 alone and pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 with CpG-ODN, were significantly higher than those in control mice or single-gene DNA-vaccinated ones (P<0.05). Furthermore, level of IgG2a in mice receiving pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 with CpG-ODN was significantly higher than that in mice receiving pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 alone (P<0.05). The Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA)-stimulated lymphocytes from pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 with CpG-ODN group responded more dramatically than those from control groups or single-gene DNA-vaccinated groups (P<0.001). The pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 with CpG-ODN-vaccinated mice developed high levels of IgG2a and IFN-γ (P<0.001) and low levels of IgG1 and IL-10, compared to control groups, suggesting a modulated immune response type Th1. In addition, survival time of the mice immunized with pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 with CpG-ODN was significantly extended, compared to controls (P<0.05); however, all mice died. CONCLUSION The multivalent pVitro-SAG1-GRA7 DNA vaccine with CpG-ODN adjuvant is a promising vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayazian Mavi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Zeraati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Teimouri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keshavarz
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang J, Wan C, Yu B, Gao C, Zhao L, Cheng X, Yang F, Gu H, Zou Q, Gu J, Wang X. Prophylactic and therapeutic protection of human IgG purified from sera containing anti-exotoxin A titers against pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:2993-3002. [PMID: 31116632 PMCID: PMC6930096 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1619404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are effective alternative tools to combat infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), especially multi-drug-resistant PA. Thus, to solve the urgent need for an anti-PA antibody drug, we hypothesized that anti-PA intravenous immunoglobulins could be a practical attempt. Exotoxin A (ETA) is one of the most important factors for PA infection and is also a critical target for the development of immune interventions. In this study, a total of 320 sera were collected from healthy volunteers. The concentration of ETA-specific antibodies was determined by a Luminex-based assay and then purified by affinity chromatography. The purified IgGs were able to neutralize the cytotoxicity of ETA in vitro. We showed they had a prophylactic and therapeutic protective effect in PA pneumonia and ETA toxemia models. In addition, administration of nonspecific IgGs also provided partial protection. Collectively, our results provide additional evidence for IVIG-based treatment of infections caused by multi-drug-resistant PA and suggest that patients at high risk of PA pneumonia could be prophylactically treated with anti-ETA IgGs or even with nonspecific IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuang Wan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Rheumatology Immunology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chen Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xin Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Feng Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiang Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xingyong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Wan C, Zhang J, Zhao L, Cheng X, Gao C, Wang Y, Xu W, Zou Q, Gu J. Rational Design of a Chimeric Derivative of PcrV as a Subunit Vaccine Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Immunol 2019; 10:781. [PMID: 31068928 PMCID: PMC6491502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major cause of nosocomial infections, which remain an unsolved problem in the clinic despite conventional antibiotic treatment. A PA vaccine could be both an effective and economical strategy to address this issue. Many studies have shown that PcrV, a structural protein of the type 3 secretion system (T3SS) from PA, is an ideal target for immune prevention and therapy. However, difficulties in the production of high-quality PcrV likely hinder its further application in the vaccine industry. Thus, we hypothesized that an optimized PcrV derivative with a rational design could be produced. In this study, the full-length PcrV was divided into four domains with the guidance of its structure, and the Nter domain (Met1-Lys127) and H12 domain (Leu251-Ile294) were found to be immunodominant. Subsequently, Nter and H12 were combined with a flexible linker to generate an artificial PcrV derivative (PcrVNH). PcrVNH was successfully produced in E. coli and behaved as a homogenous monomer. Moreover, immunization with PcrVNH elicited a multifactorial immune response and conferred broad protection in an acute PA pneumonia model and was equally effective to full-length PcrV. In addition, passive immunization with anti-PcrVNH antibodies alone also showed significant protection, at least based on inhibition of the T3SS and mediation of opsonophagocytic killing activities. These results provide an additional example for the rational design of antigens and suggest that PcrVNH is a promising vaccine candidate for the control of PA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liqun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanting Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quanming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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A Live Salmonella Vaccine Delivering PcrV through the Type III Secretion System Protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mSphere 2019; 4:4/2/e00116-19. [PMID: 30996108 PMCID: PMC6470209 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00116-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in cystic fibrosis and hospitalized patients. Therapeutic treatments are limited due to the emergence and spread of new antibiotic-resistant strains. In this context, the development of a vaccine is a priority. Here, we used an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a vehicle to express and deliver the Pseudomonas antigen PcrV. This vaccine induced the generation of specific antibodies in mice and protected them from lethal infections with P. aeruginosa. This is an important step toward the development of an effective vaccine for the prevention of infections caused by P. aeruginosa in humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The development of a broadly protective vaccine against P. aeruginosa remains a major challenge. Here, we used an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a vehicle to express P. aeruginosa antigens. A fusion between the S. enterica type III secretion effector protein SseJ and the P. aeruginosa antigen PcrV expressed under the control of the sseA promoter was translocated by Salmonella into host cells in vitro and elicited the generation of specific antibodies in mice. Mice immunized with attenuated Salmonella expressing this fusion had reduced bacterial loads in the spleens and lungs and lower serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines than control mice after P. aeruginosa infection. Importantly, immunized mice also showed significantly enhanced survival in this model. These results suggest that type III secretion effectors of S. enterica are appropriate carriers in the design of a live vaccine to prevent infections caused by P. aeruginosa. IMPORTANCE The Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes infections in cystic fibrosis and hospitalized patients. Therapeutic treatments are limited due to the emergence and spread of new antibiotic-resistant strains. In this context, the development of a vaccine is a priority. Here, we used an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a vehicle to express and deliver the Pseudomonas antigen PcrV. This vaccine induced the generation of specific antibodies in mice and protected them from lethal infections with P. aeruginosa. This is an important step toward the development of an effective vaccine for the prevention of infections caused by P. aeruginosa in humans.
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15
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Beitelshees M, Hill A, Li Y, Chen M, Ahmadi MK, Smith RJ, Andreadis ST, Rostami P, Jones CH, Pfeifer BA. Antigen delivery format variation and formulation stability through use of a hybrid vector. Vaccine X 2019; 1:100012. [PMID: 31384734 PMCID: PMC6668244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A hybrid biological-biomaterial antigen delivery vector comprised of a polymeric shell encapsulating an Escherichia coli core was previously developed for in situ antigen production and subsequent delivery. Due to the engineering capacity of the bacterial core, the hybrid vector provides unique opportunities for immunogenicity optimization through varying cellular localization (cytoplasm, periplasm, cellular surface) and type (protein or DNA) of antigen. In this work, three protein-based hybrid vector formats were compared in which the pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) was localized to the cytoplasm, surface, and periplasmic space of the bacterial core for vaccination against pneumococcal disease. Furthermore, we tested the hybrid vector's capacity as a DNA vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae by introducing a plasmid into the bacterial core to facilitate PspA expression in antigen presenting cells (APCs). Through testing these various formulations, we determined that cytoplasmic accumulation of PspA elicited the strongest immune response (antibody production and protection against bacterial challenge) and enabled complete protection at substantially lower doses when compared to vaccination with PspA + adjuvant. We also improved the storage stability of the hybrid vector to retain complete activity after 1 month at 4 °C using an approach in which hybrid vectors suspended in a microbial freeze drying buffer were desiccated. These results demonstrate the flexibility and robustness of the hybrid vector formulation, which has the potential to be a potent vaccine against S. pneumoniae.
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Key Words
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- AS, aqueous storage
- CDM, chemically defined bacterial growth medium
- CFA, Complete Freund's Adjuvant
- CHV, cytoplasmic hybrid vector
- CPSs, capsular polysaccharides
- ClyA, cytolysin A
- DNA vaccine
- DS, desiccated storage
- EHV, empty hybrid vector
- IN, intranasal
- IP, intraperitoneal
- LBVs, live bacterial vectors
- LLO, listeriolysin O
- NVT, non-vaccine type
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PCVs, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
- PHV, periplasmic hybrid vector
- PcpA, pneumococcal choline-binding protein A
- PhtD, histidine triad protein D
- Pneumococcal disease
- Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA)
- PspA, pneumococcal surface protein A
- SC, subcutaneous
- SHV, surface hybrid vector
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Vaccine delivery
- pHV, plasmid hybrid vector
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Beitelshees
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Andrew Hill
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc., Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Mingfu Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kamal Ahmadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Randall J. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Stelios T. Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pooya Rostami
- Abcombi Biosciences Inc., Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | | | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA.
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16
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Merakou C, Schaefers MM, Priebe GP. Progress Toward the Elusive Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vaccine. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2018; 19:757-768. [PMID: 30388058 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2018.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide range of infections, mostly in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients, those with burns, surgical wounds, or combat-related wounds, and in people with cystic fibrosis. The increasing antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa confers a pressing need for vaccines, yet there are no P. aeruginosa vaccines approved for human use, and recent promising candidates have failed in large clinical trials. Discussion: In this review, we summarize recent clinical trials and pre-clinical studies of P. aeruginosa vaccines and provide a suggested framework for the makeup of a future successful vaccine. Murine models of infection suggest that antibodies, specifically opsonophagocytic killing antibodies (OPK), antitoxin antibodies, and anti-attachment antibodies, combined with T cell immunity, specifically TH17 responses, are needed for broad and potent protection against P. aeruginosa infection. A better understanding of the human immune response to P. aeruginosa infections, and to vaccine candidates, will eventually pave the way to a successful vaccine for this wily pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Merakou
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew M Schaefers
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory P Priebe
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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18
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Hamaoka S, Naito Y, Katoh H, Shimizu M, Kinoshita M, Akiyama K, Kainuma A, Moriyama K, Ishii KJ, Sawa T. Efficacy comparison of adjuvants in PcrV vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:64-74. [PMID: 28370521 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination against the type III secretion system of P. aeruginosa is a potential prophylactic strategy for reducing the incidence and improving the poor prognosis of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. In this study, the efficacies of three different adjuvants, Freund's adjuvant (FA), aluminum hydroxide (alum) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), were examined from the viewpoint of inducing PcrV-specific immunity against virulent P. aeruginosa. Mice that had been immunized intraperitoneally with recombinant PcrV formulated with one of the above adjuvants were challenged intratracheally with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa. The PcrV-FA immunized group attained a survival rate of 91%, whereas the survival rates of the PcrV-alum and PcrV-CpG groups were 73% and 64%, respectively. In terms of hypothermia recovery after bacterial instillation, PcrV-alum was the most protective, followed by PcrV-FA and PcrV-CpG. The lung edema index was lower in the PcrV-CpG vaccination group than in the other groups. PcrV-alum immunization was associated with the greatest decrease in myeloperoxidase in infected lungs, and also decreased the number of lung bacteria to a similar number as in the PcrV-FA group. There was less neutrophil recruitment in the lungs of mice vaccinated with PcrV-alum or PcrV-CpG than in those of mice vaccinated with PcrV-FA or PcrV alone. Overall, in terms of mouse survival the PcrV-CpG vaccine, which could be a relatively safe next-generation vaccine, showed a comparable effect to the PcrV-alum vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Hamaoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Naito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hideya Katoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mao Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koichi Akiyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kainuma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Moriyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan.,Laboratory of Vaccine Science, Immunology Frontier Research Center, World Premier International Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teiji Sawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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19
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Chatterjee M, Anju C, Biswas L, Anil Kumar V, Gopi Mohan C, Biswas R. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and alternative therapeutic options. Int J Med Microbiol 2016; 306:48-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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20
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Abstract
In the two decades since their initial discovery, DNA vaccines technologies have come a long way. Unfortunately, when applied to human subjects inadequate immunogenicity is still the biggest challenge for practical DNA vaccine use. Many different strategies have been tested in preclinical models to address this problem, including novel plasmid vectors and codon optimization to enhance antigen expression, new gene transfection systems or electroporation to increase delivery efficiency, protein or live virus vector boosting regimens to maximise immune stimulation, and formulation of DNA vaccines with traditional or molecular adjuvants. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of DNA vaccines has also enabled better use of the intrinsic host response to DNA to improve vaccine immunogenicity. This review summarizes recent advances in DNA vaccine technologies and related intracellular events and how these might impact on future directions of DNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- a Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park , Adelaide , Australia.,b Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- a Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park , Adelaide , Australia.,b Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide , SA , Australia
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21
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El Zowalaty ME, Al Thani AA, Webster TJ, El Zowalaty AE, Schweizer HP, Nasrallah GK, Marei HE, Ashour HM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: arsenal of resistance mechanisms, decades of changing resistance profiles, and future antimicrobial therapies. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1683-706. [PMID: 26439366 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious public health issues facing humans since the discovery of antimicrobial agents. The frequent, prolonged, and uncontrolled use of antimicrobial agents are major factors in the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant variants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections. The abundant data on the increased resistance to antipseudomonal agents support the need for global action. There is a paucity of new classes of antibiotics active against P. aeruginosa. Here, we discuss recent antibacterial resistance profiles and mechanisms of resistance by P. aeruginosa. We also review future potential methods for controlling antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as phage therapy, nanotechnology and antipseudomonal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Asmaa A Al Thani
- BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02018, USA.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E El Zowalaty
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Herbert P Schweizer
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, Institute for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar.,Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hany E Marei
- BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, PO Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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22
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Michalska M, Wolf P. Pseudomonas Exotoxin A: optimized by evolution for effective killing. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:963. [PMID: 26441897 PMCID: PMC4584936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE) is the most toxic virulence factor of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This review describes current knowledge about the intoxication pathways of PE. Moreover, PE represents a remarkable example for pathoadaptive evolution, how bacterial molecules have been structurally and functionally optimized under evolutionary pressure to effectively impair and kill their host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michalska
- Department of Urology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wolf
- Department of Urology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Sawa T, Shimizu M, Moriyama K, Wiener-Kronish JP. Association between Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcome: a review. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:668. [PMID: 25672496 PMCID: PMC4331484 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-014-0668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a complex type III secretion system to inject the toxins ExoS, ExoT, ExoU, and ExoY into the cytosol of target eukaryotic cells. This system is regulated by the exoenzyme S regulon and includes the transcriptional activator ExsA. Of the four toxins, ExoU is characterized as the major virulence factor responsible for alveolar epithelial injury in patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Virulent strains of P. aeruginosa possess the exoU gene, whereas non-virulent strains lack this particular gene. The mechanism of virulence for the exoU+ genotype relies on the presence of a pathogenic gene cluster (PAPI-2) encoding exoU and its chaperone, spcU. The ExoU toxin has a patatin-like phospholipase domain in its N-terminal, exhibits phospholipase A2 activity, and requires a eukaryotic cell factor for activation. The C-terminal of ExoU has a ubiquitinylation mechanism of activation. This probably induces a structural change in enzymatic active sites required for phospholipase A2 activity. In P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, the exoU+ genotype correlates with a fluoroquinolone resistance phenotype. Additionally, poor clinical outcomes have been observed in patients with pneumonia caused by exoU+-fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Therefore, the potential exists to improve clinical outcomes in patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia by identifying virulent and antimicrobial drug-resistant strains through exoU genotyping or ExoU protein phenotyping or both.
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