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Su P, Yan S, Yang J, Tong J, Samsom J, You F, Li Y, Chen Q, Jiang A, Zhai D, Chen J, Sun Z, Zhou J, Liu M, Lee FJS, Xu ZQD, Wang X, Vasdev N, Wong AHC, Liu F. Serum amyloid P component (SAP) modulates antidepressant effects through promoting membrane insertion of the serotonin transporter. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:508-517. [PMID: 36076020 PMCID: PMC9852251 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a universal constituent of human amyloid deposits including those in Alzheimer's disease. SAP has been observed to be elevated in patients with depression, and higher SAP levels are associated with better response to the antidepressant escitalopram. The mechanisms underlying these clinical observations remain unclear. We examined the effect of SAP on serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and localization using Western blot, confocal microscopy, and positron emission tomography with the radioligand [11C]DASB. We also investigated the effect of SAP on treatment response to escitalopram in mice with the forced swim test (FST), a classical behaviour paradigm to assess antidepressant effects. SAP reduced [11C]DASB binding as an index of SERT levels, consistent with Western blots showing decreased total SAP protein because of increased protein degradation. In conjunction with the global decrease in SERT levels, SAP also promotes VAMP-2 mediated SERT membrane insertion. SAP levels are correlated with behavioural despair and SSRI treatment response in mice with FST. In MDD patients, the SAP and membrane SERT levels are correlated with response to SSRI treatment. SAP has complex effects on SERT levels and localization, thereby modulating the effect of SSRIs, which could partially explain clinical variability in antidepressant treatment response. These results add to our understanding of the mechanism for antidepressant drug action, and with further work could be of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Su
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shuxin Yan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing AnDing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Tong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Samsom
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fan You
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Chen
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Anlong Jiang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongxu Zhai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Departments of Neurobiology and Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing AnDing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Beijing AnDing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Beijing AnDing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China
| | - Frank J S Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Zhi-Qing David Xu
- Departments of Neurobiology and Pathology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Albert H C Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Beijing, China.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Departments of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Lim J, Bang Y, Kim KM, Choi HJ. Differentiated HT22 cells as a novel model for in vitro screening of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1062650. [PMID: 36703746 PMCID: PMC9871236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1062650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 is frequently used as an in vitro model to investigate the role of hippocampal cholinergic neurons in cognitive functions. HT22 cells are derived from hippocampal neuronal HT4 cells. However, whether these cells exhibit the serotonergic neuronal phenotype observed in mature hippocampal neurons has not been determined yet. In this present study, we examined whether the differentiation of HT22 cells enhances the serotonergic neuronal phenotype, and if so, whether it can be used for antidepressant screening. Our results show that differentiation of HT22 cells promoted neurite outgrowth and upregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and choline acetyltransferase, which is similar to that observed in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, proteins required for serotonergic neurotransmission, such as tryptophan hydroxylase 2, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)1a receptor, and serotonin transporter (SERT), were significantly upregulated in differentiated HT22 cells. The transcription factor Pet-1 was upregulated during HT22 differentiation and was responsible for the regulation of the serotonergic neuronal phenotype. Differentiation also enhanced the functional serotonergic properties of HT22 cells, as evidenced by increase in intracellular 5-HT levels, serotonin transporter SERT glycosylation, and 5-HT reuptake activity. The sensitivity of 5-HT reuptake inhibition by venlafaxine in differentiated HT22 cells (IC50, 27.21 nM) was comparable to that in HEK293 cells overexpressing serotonin transporter SERT (IC50, 30.65 nM). These findings suggest that the differentiation of HT22 cells enhances their functional serotonergic properties, and these cells could be a potential in vitro system for assessing the efficacy of antidepressant 5-HT reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea,College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Yeojin Bang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Man Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hyun Jin Choi,
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3
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Lazzeri G, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Fabrizi C, Morucci G, Giorgi FS, Ferrucci M, Lenzi P, Puglisi-Allegra S, Fornai F. Norepinephrine Protects against Methamphetamine Toxicity through β2-Adrenergic Receptors Promoting LC3 Compartmentalization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7232. [PMID: 34281286 PMCID: PMC8269332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) neurons and extracellular NE exert some protective effects against a variety of insults, including methamphetamine (Meth)-induced cell damage. The intimate mechanism of protection remains difficult to be analyzed in vivo. In fact, this may occur directly on target neurons or as the indirect consequence of NE-induced alterations in the activity of trans-synaptic loops. Therefore, to elude neuronal networks, which may contribute to these effects in vivo, the present study investigates whether NE still protects when directly applied to Meth-treated PC12 cells. Meth was selected based on its detrimental effects along various specific brain areas. The study shows that NE directly protects in vitro against Meth-induced cell damage. The present study indicates that such an effect fully depends on the activation of plasma membrane β2-adrenergic receptors (ARs). Evidence indicates that β2-ARs activation restores autophagy, which is impaired by Meth administration. This occurs via restoration of the autophagy flux and, as assessed by ultrastructural morphometry, by preventing the dissipation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) from autophagy vacuoles to the cytosol, which is produced instead during Meth toxicity. These findings may have an impact in a variety of degenerative conditions characterized by NE deficiency along with autophagy impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Cinzia Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Morucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Filippo S. Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.L.); (G.M.); (F.S.G.); (M.F.); (P.L.)
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (C.L.B.); (F.B.); (S.P.-A.)
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4
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Fairweather SJ, Shah N, Brӧer S. Heteromeric Solute Carriers: Function, Structure, Pathology and Pharmacology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 21:13-127. [PMID: 33052588 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solute carriers form one of three major superfamilies of membrane transporters in humans, and include uniporters, exchangers and symporters. Following several decades of molecular characterisation, multiple solute carriers that form obligatory heteromers with unrelated subunits are emerging as a distinctive principle of membrane transporter assembly. Here we comprehensively review experimentally established heteromeric solute carriers: SLC3-SLC7 amino acid exchangers, SLC16 monocarboxylate/H+ symporters and basigin/embigin, SLC4A1 (AE1) and glycophorin A exchanger, SLC51 heteromer Ost α-Ost β uniporter, and SLC6 heteromeric symporters. The review covers the history of the heteromer discovery, transporter physiology, structure, disease associations and pharmacology - all with a focus on the heteromeric assembly. The cellular locations, requirements for complex formation, and the functional role of dimerization are extensively detailed, including analysis of the first complete heteromer structures, the SLC7-SLC3 family transporters LAT1-4F2hc, b0,+AT-rBAT and the SLC6 family heteromer B0AT1-ACE2. We present a systematic analysis of the structural and functional aspects of heteromeric solute carriers and conclude with common principles of their functional roles and structural architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,Resarch School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Nishank Shah
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stefan Brӧer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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5
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Brandenburger T, Johannsen L, Prassek V, Kuebart A, Raile J, Wohlfromm S, Köhrer K, Huhn R, Hollmann MW, Hermanns H. MiR-34a is differentially expressed in dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Baudry A, Pietri M, Launay JM, Kellermann O, Schneider B. Multifaceted Regulations of the Serotonin Transporter: Impact on Antidepressant Response. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:91. [PMID: 30809118 PMCID: PMC6379337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin transporter, SERT (SLC64A for solute carrier family 6, member A4), is a twelve transmembrane domain (TMDs) protein that assumes the uptake of serotonin (5-HT) through dissipation of the Na+ gradient established by the electrogenic pump Na/K ATPase. Abnormalities in 5-HT level and signaling have been associated with various disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. Since the 50s, SERT has raised a lot of interest as being the target of a class of antidepressants, the Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), used in clinics to combat depressive states. Because of the refractoriness of two-third of patients to SSRI treatment, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating SERT functions is of priority. Here, we review how genetic and epigenetic regulations, post-translational modifications of SERT, and specific interactions between SERT and a set of diverse partners influence SERT expression, trafficking to and away from the plasma membrane and activity, in connection with the neuronal adaptive cell response to SSRI antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Baudry
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Mathea Pietri
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, INSERM UMR-S 942, Paris, France.,Pharma Research Department, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Schneider
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
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7
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Semaan DG, Igoli JO, Young L, Gray AI, Rowan EG, Marrero E. In vitro anti-diabetic effect of flavonoids and pheophytins from Allophylus cominia Sw. on the glucose uptake assays by HepG2, L6, 3T3-L1 and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 216:8-17. [PMID: 29339110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Based on ethno-botanical information collected from diabetic patients in Cuba and firstly reported inhibition of PTP1B and DPPIV enzymes activities, Allophylus cominia (A. cominia) was identified as possible source of new drugs that could be used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH in this study, the activity of the characterised extracts from A. cominia was tested on the glucose uptake using HepG2 and L6 cells, 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and adipocytes as well as their effect on the fat accumulation using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. KEY RESULTS on 2-NBDG glucose uptake assay using HepG2 and L6 cells, extracts from A. cominia enhanced insulin activity by increasing glucose uptake. On HepG2 cells Insulin EC50 of 93 ± 21nM decreased to 13 ± 2nM in the presence of the flavonoids mixture from A.cominia. In L6 cells, insulin also produced a concentration-dependent increase with an EC50 of 28.6 ± 0.7nM; EC50 decreased to 0.08 ± 0.02nM and 5 ± 0.9nM in the presence of 100μg/ml of flavonoids and pheophytins mixtures, respectively. In 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, insulin had an EC50 of >1000nM that decreased to 38 ± 4nM in the presence of the flavonoids extract. However, in adipocytes, insulin produced a significant concentration-dependent increase and an EC50 of 30 ± 8nM was a further confirmation of the insulin responsiveness of the adipocytes to the insulin. At 100µg/ml, flavonoids and pheophytins extracts decreased fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by two folds in comparison to the control differentiated cells (p < 0.05). The crude extract of A. cominia did not show any enhancement of 2-NBDG uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence or absence of 100nM insulin. In addition, in fully differentiated adipocytes, both extracts produced significant decrease in lipid droplets in the cells and no lipid accumulation were seen after withdrawal of the extracts from the cell growth medium. However, there was no effect of both extracts on total protein concentration in cells as well as on Glut-4 transporters. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS the pharmacological effects of the extracts from A. cominia observed in experimental diabetic models were shown in this study. A. cominia is potentially a new candidate for the treatment and management of T2-DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Semaan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - J O Igoli
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, PMB 2373 Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - L Young
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - A I Gray
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - E G Rowan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - E Marrero
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria), San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
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Haase J, Grudzinska-Goebel J, Müller HK, Münster-Wandowski A, Chow E, Wynne K, Farsi Z, Zander JF, Ahnert-Hilger G. Serotonin Transporter Associated Protein Complexes Are Enriched in Synaptic Vesicle Proteins and Proteins Involved in Energy Metabolism and Ion Homeostasis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1101-1116. [PMID: 28362488 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) mediates Na+-dependent high-affinity serotonin uptake and plays a key role in regulating extracellular serotonin concentration in the brain and periphery. To gain novel insight into SERT regulation, we conducted a comprehensive proteomics screen to identify components of SERT-associated protein complexes in the brain by employing three independent approaches. In vivo SERT complexes were purified from rat brain using an immobilized high-affinity SERT ligand, amino-methyl citalopram. This approach was combined with GST pulldown and yeast two-hybrid screens using N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic transporter domains as bait. Potential SERT associated proteins detected by at least two of the interaction methods were subjected to gene ontology analysis resulting in the identification of functional protein clusters that are enriched in SERT complexes. Prominent clusters include synaptic vesicle proteins, as well as proteins involved in energy metabolism and ion homeostasis. Using subcellular fractionation and electron microscopy we provide further evidence that SERT is indeed associated with synaptic vesicle fractions, and colocalizes with small vesicular structures in axons and axon terminals. We also show that SERT is found in close proximity to mitochondrial membranes in both, hippocampal and neocortical regions. We propose a model of the SERT interactome, in which SERT is distributed between different subcellular compartments through dynamic interactions with site-specific protein complexes. Finally, our protein interaction data suggest novel hypotheses for the regulation of SERT activity and trafficking, which ultimately impact on serotonergic neurotransmission and serotonin dependent brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Haase
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joanna Grudzinska-Goebel
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department
of Clinical Medicine, Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Risskov DK-8240, Denmark
| | | | - Elysian Chow
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Proteomic Core Facility, UCD Conway Institute, School
of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zohreh Farsi
- Department of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Gudrun Ahnert-Hilger
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Xiong QY, Yu C, Zhang Y, Ling L, Wang L, Gao JL. Key proteins involved in insulin vesicle exocytosis and secretion. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:134-139. [PMID: 28357064 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo insulin secretion is predominantly affected by blood glucose concentration, blood concentration of amino acids, gastrointestinal hormones and free nerve functional status, in addition to other factors. Insulin is one of the most important hormones in the body, and its secretion is precisely controlled by nutrients, neurotransmitters and hormones. The insulin exocytosis process is similar to the neurotransmitter release mechanism. There are various types of proteins and lipids that participate in the insulin secretory vesicle fusion process, such as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein, Ras-related proteins and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). Notably, the SNARE protein is the molecular basis of exocytotic activity. In the current review, the role of the vesicle membrane proteins (synaptobrevins, vesicle associated membrane proteins and target membrane proteins) and auxiliary proteins (Rab proteins and Munc-18 proteins) in vesicle fusion activity were summarized. A summary of these key proteins involved in insulin granule secretion will facilitate understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yin Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 242001, P.R. China
| | - Cui Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 242001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 242001, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Liefeng Ling
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 242001, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Lizhuo Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 242001, P.R. China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 242001, P.R. China
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10
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Physical and functional interactions between the serotonin transporter and the neutral amino acid transporter ASCT2. Biochem J 2016; 473:1953-65. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The activity of serotonergic systems depends on the reuptake of extracellular serotonin via its plasma membrane serotonin [5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine)] transporter (SERT), a member of the Na+/Cl−-dependent solute carrier 6 family. SERT is finely regulated by multiple molecular mechanisms including its physical interaction with intracellular proteins. The majority of previously identified SERT partners that control its functional activity are soluble proteins, which bind to its intracellular domains. SERT also interacts with transmembrane proteins, but its association with other plasma membrane transporters remains to be established. Using a proteomics strategy, we show that SERT associates with ASCT2 (alanine–serine–cysteine–threonine 2), a member of the solute carrier 1 family co-expressed with SERT in serotonergic neurons and involved in the transport of small neutral amino acids across the plasma membrane. Co-expression of ASCT2 with SERT in HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells affects glycosylation and cell-surface localization of SERT with a concomitant reduction in its 5-HT uptake activity. Conversely, depletion of cellular ASCT2 by RNAi enhances 5-HT uptake in both HEK-293 cells and primary cultured mesencephalon neurons. Mimicking the effect of ASCT2 down-regulation, treatment of HEK-293 cells and neurons with the ASCT2 inhibitor D-threonine also increases 5-HT uptake. Moreover, D-threonine does not enhance further the maximal velocity of 5-HT uptake in cells depleted of ASCT2. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for a complex assembly involving SERT and a member of another solute carrier family, which strongly influences the subcellular distribution of SERT and the reuptake of 5-HT.
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Omer T, Intes X, Hahn J. Temporal Data Set Reduction Based on D-Optimality for Quantitative FLIM-FRET Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144421. [PMID: 26658308 PMCID: PMC4686107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) when paired with Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) enables the monitoring of nanoscale interactions in living biological samples. FLIM-FRET model-based estimation methods allow the quantitative retrieval of parameters such as the quenched (interacting) and unquenched (non-interacting) fractional populations of the donor fluorophore and/or the distance of the interactions. The quantitative accuracy of such model-based approaches is dependent on multiple factors such as signal-to-noise ratio and number of temporal points acquired when sampling the fluorescence decays. For high-throughput or in vivo applications of FLIM-FRET, it is desirable to acquire a limited number of temporal points for fast acquisition times. Yet, it is critical to acquire temporal data sets with sufficient information content to allow for accurate FLIM-FRET parameter estimation. Herein, an optimal experimental design approach based upon sensitivity analysis is presented in order to identify the time points that provide the best quantitative estimates of the parameters for a determined number of temporal sampling points. More specifically, the D-optimality criterion is employed to identify, within a sparse temporal data set, the set of time points leading to optimal estimations of the quenched fractional population of the donor fluorophore. Overall, a reduced set of 10 time points (compared to a typical complete set of 90 time points) was identified to have minimal impact on parameter estimation accuracy (≈5%), with in silico and in vivo experiment validations. This reduction of the number of needed time points by almost an order of magnitude allows the use of FLIM-FRET for certain high-throughput applications which would be infeasible if the entire number of time sampling points were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Omer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States of America
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States of America
| | - Juergen Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States of America
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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