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Wang HY, Song JK, Shin S, Kim H. Comparison of Multiplex Real-Time PCR and PCR-Reverse Blot Hybridization Assays for the Direct and Rapid Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Genotypes. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:200. [PMID: 32426379 PMCID: PMC7204941 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), poses a serious economic threat for the swine industry. Currently, PCV2 is classified into five major genotypes: PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d, and PCV2e. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of two commercially available methods, multiplex real-time PCR assay and PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA), for the rapid detection of PCV2 and direct identification of PCV2 genotypes from clinical samples as well as to compare the results with that of sequence analysis. Molecular diagnostic methods were used to evaluate a total of 180 samples, including tissues and blood samples from pigs that were suspected of PCVAD infection. The results of this study showed that the detection rate for positive PCV2 was 48.3% (n = 87) in both multiplex real-time PCR and PCR-REBA methods. Using sequence analysis, which is the gold standard, and multiplex real time PCR assay, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PCV2 genotyping were found to be 97.1% (n = 67, 95% CI 0.894–0.998, p < 0.001), 100% (n = 93, 95% CI 0.966–1.000, p < 0.001), 100% (95% CI 0.953–1.000, p < 0.001), 97.9% (95% CI 0.921–0.998, p < 0.001), respectively. The results of PCR-REBA were found to be consistent with those of sequence analysis for all the samples and showed good agreement (κ = 1). The most prevalent genotypes detected in this study were PCV2d (n = 53, 60.9%), followed by PCV2a (n = 17, 19.5%), PCV2b (n = 14, 16.1%), and PCV2a/b co-infection (n = 3, 3.5%). Both the methods required ~3 h for completion. Therefore, we conclude that two molecular methods are rapid and reliable for the characterization of the causative pathogen with PCV2 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joong Ki Song
- Optipharm Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Cheongju-Si, South Korea
| | - Seongho Shin
- Optipharm Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Cheongju-Si, South Korea
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optipharm, Inc., Cheongju-Si, South Korea
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Bai DP, Lin XY, Huang YF, Zhang XF. Theranostics Aspects of Various Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113299. [PMID: 30352960 PMCID: PMC6274759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology shows immense interest in various areas of research and applications, including biotechnology, biomedical sciences, nanomedicine, and veterinary medicine. Studies and application of nanotechnology was explored very extensively in the human medical field and also studies undertaken in rodents extensively, still either studies or applications in veterinary medicine is not up to the level when compared to applications to human beings. The application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively innovative. Recently, in the era of health care technologies, Veterinary Medicine also entered into a new phase and incredible transformations. Nanotechnology has tremendous and potential influence not only the way we live, but also on the way that we practice veterinary medicine and increase the safety of domestic animals, production, and income to the farmers through use of nanomaterials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnology is being used to enhance the animal growth promotion, and production. To achieve these, nanoparticles are used as alternative antimicrobial agents to overcome the usage alarming rate of antibiotics, detection of pathogenic bacteria, and also nanoparticles being used as drug delivery agents as new drug and vaccine candidates with improved characteristics and performance, diagnostic, therapeutic, feed additive, nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, reproductive aids, and finally to increase the quality of food using various kinds of functionalized nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles. It seems that nanotechnology is ideal for veterinary applications in terms of cost and the availability of resources. The main focus of this review is describes some of the important current and future principal aspects of involvement of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine. However, we are not intended to cover the entire scenario of Veterinary Medicine, despite this review is to provide a glimpse at potential important targets of nanotechnology in the field of Veterinary Medicine. Considering the strong potential of the interaction between the nanotechnology and Veterinary Medicine, the aim of this review is to provide a concise description of the advances of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine, in terms of their potential application of various kinds of nanoparticles, secondly we discussed role of nanomaterials in animal health and production, and finally we discussed conclusion and future perspectives of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ping Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Xing N, Guan X, An B, Cui B, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang X, Du Q, Zhao X, Huang Y, Tong D. Ultrasensitive Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Fecal Samples Using Functionalized Nanoparticles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167325. [PMID: 27936019 PMCID: PMC5147876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the main causative agent of porcine diarrhea, which has resulted in devastating damage to swine industry and become a perplexed global problem. PEDV infection causes lesions and clinical symptoms, and infected pigs often succumb to severe dehydration. If there is not a timely and effective method to control its infection, PEDV will spread rapidly across the whole swine farm. Therefore, preclinical identification of PEDV is of great significance for preventing the outbreak and spread of this disease. In this study, a functionalized nanoparticles-based PCR method (UNDP-PCR) specific for PEDV was developed through systematic optimization of functionalized magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles which were further used to specifically enrich viral RNA from the lysate of PEDV stool samples, forming a MMPs-RNA-AuNPs complex. Then, oligonucleotides specific for PEDV coated on AuNPs were eluted from the complex and were further amplified and characterized by PCR. The detection limitation of the established UNDP-PCR method for PEDV was 25 copies in per gram PEDV stool samples, which is 400-fold more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR for stool samples. The UNDP-PCR for PEDV exhibited reliable reproducibility and high specificity, no cross-reaction was observed with other porcine viruses. In 153 preclinical fecal samples, the positive detection rate of UNDP-PCR specific for PEDV (30.72%) was much higher than that of conventional RT-PCR (5.88%) and SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR. In a word, this study provided a RNA extraction and transcription free, rapid and economical method for preclinical PEDV infection, which showed higher sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and exhibited application potency for evaluating viral loads of preclinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zengguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DT); (YH)
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DT); (YH)
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de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Baptista-Pires L, Serrano L, Altet L, Francino O, Sánchez A, Merkoçi A. Magnetic Bead/Gold Nanoparticle Double-Labeled Primers for Electrochemical Detection of Isothermal Amplified Leishmania DNA. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:205-213. [PMID: 26578391 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel methodology for the isothermal amplification of Leishmania DNA using labeled primers combined with the advantages of magnetic purification/preconcentration and the use of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) tags for the sensitive electrochemical detection of such amplified DNA is developed. Primers labeled with AuNPs and magnetic beads (MBs) are used for the first time for the isothermal amplification reaction, being the amplified product ready for the electrochemical detection. The electrocatalytic activity of the AuNP tags toward the hydrogen evolution reaction allows the rapid quantification of the DNA on screen-printed carbon electrodes. Amplified products from the blood of dogs with Leishmania (positive samples) are discriminated from those of healthy dogs (blank samples). Quantitative studies demonstrate that the optimized method allows us to detect less than one parasite per microliter of blood (8 × 10(-3) parasites in the isothermal amplification reaction). This pioneering approach is much more sensitive than traditional methods based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and is also more rapid, cheap, and user-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Baptista-Pires
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Serrano
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Parc de Recerca UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Laura Altet
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Parc de Recerca UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Olga Francino
- Vetgenomics, Edifici Eureka, Parc de Recerca UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics-CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, 08193, Cerdanyola del Valles, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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Huang Y, Xing N, Wang Z, Zhang X, Zhao X, Du Q, Chang L, Tong D. Ultrasensitive Detection of RNA and DNA Viruses Simultaneously Using Duplex UNDP-PCR Assay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141545. [PMID: 26544710 PMCID: PMC4636378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed infection of multiple viruses is common in modern intensive pig rearing. However, there are no methods available to detect DNA and RNA viruses in the same reaction system in preclinical level. In this study, we aimed to develop a duplex ultrasensitive nanoparticle DNA probe-based PCR assay (duplex UNDP-PCR) that was able to simultaneously detect DNA and RNA viruses in the same reaction system. PCV2 and TGEV are selected as representatives of the two different types of viruses. PCV2 DNA and TGEV RNA were simultaneously released from the serum sample by boiling with lysis buffer, then magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles coated with single and/or duplex specific probes for TGEV and PCV2 were added to form a sandwich-like complex with nucleic acids released from viruses. After magnetic separation, DNA barcodes specific for PCV2 and TGEV were eluted using DTT and characterized by specific PCR assay for specific DNA barcodes subsequently. The duplex UNDP-PCR showed similar sensitivity as that of single UNDP-PCR and was able to detect 20 copies each of PCV2 and TGEV in the serum, showing approximately 250-fold more sensitivity than conventional duplex PCR/RT-PCR assays. No cross-reaction was observed with other viruses. The positive detection rate of single MMPs- and duplex MMPs-based duplex UNDP-PCR was identical, with 29.6% for PCV2, 9.3% for TGEV and 3.7% for PCV2 and TGEV mixed infection. This duplex UNDP-PCR assay could detect TGEV (RNA virus) and PCV2 (DNA virus) from large-scale serum samples simultaneously without the need for DNA/RNA extraction, purification and reverse transcription of RNA, and showed a significantly increased positive detection rate for PCV2 (29%) and TGEV (11.7%) preclinical infection than conventional duplex PCR/RT-PCR. Therefore, the established duplex UNDP-PCR is a rapid and economical detection method, exhibiting high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Na Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zengguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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