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Yang J, Zhang S, Wu Q, Chen P, Dai Y, Long J, Wu Y, Lin Y. T cell-mediated skin-brain axis: Bridging the gap between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103176. [PMID: 38364575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is often accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and other mental disorders. Psychological disorders may also play a role in the development and progression of psoriasis. The intricate interplay between the skin diseases and the psychiatric comorbidities is mediated by the 'skin-brain axis'. Understanding the mechanisms underlying psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities can help improve the efficacy of treatment by breaking the vicious cycle of diseases. T cells and related cytokines play a key role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psychiatric diseases, and are crucial components of the 'skin-brain axis'. Apart from damaging the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly, T cells and secreted cytokines could interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to exacerbate skin diseases or mental disorders. However, few reviews have systematically summarized the roles and mechanisms of T cells in the interaction between psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities. In this review, we discussed several key T cells and their roles in the 'skin-brain axis', with a focus on the mechanisms underlying the interplay between psoriasis and mental commodities, to provide data that might help develop effective strategies for the treatment of both psoriasis and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juexi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qixuan Wu
- Mental Health Services, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktow, NSW, 2148, Australia
| | - Pu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Junhao Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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Trisnawaty S, Gunadi JW, Ratnawati H, Lesmana R. Carotenoids in red fruit ( Pandanus conoideus Lam.) have a potential role as an anti‑pigmentation agent (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:54. [PMID: 38357234 PMCID: PMC10865171 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a persistent condition characterized by excessive melanin production in the skin. The management of melasma necessitates a protracted treatment duration, which is associated with diminished levels of patient satisfaction. One effective strategy for mitigating occurrence of melasma is consumption of nutricosmetics with depigmentation properties. The present review aimed to investigate the potential of red fruit as a depigmentation agent. Carotenoids serve a crucial role in human nutrition as a precursor to vitamin A. Carotenoids serve as scavengers of reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet radiation. Carotenoids promote skin health. Red fruit, a fruit originating from Papua (Indonesia) has anti-pigmentation properties associated with its ability to block melanogenesis through various protein pathways such as PKA, ERK, and AKT signaling pathways. The consumption of food rich in carotenoids, such as red fruit, has advantageous properties to reduce hyperpigmentation and skin brightening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Trisnawaty
- Master Program of Skin Ageing and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
- Maranatha Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
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Samaras A, Pavlidis M. Fish Scales Produce Cortisol upon Stimulation with ACTH. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243510. [PMID: 36552430 PMCID: PMC9774796 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol concentration in fish scales is a novel and reliable indicator of chronic stress. However, until now cortisol in scales has been considered to be accumulated through the circulation and it has not yet been studied whether it can be de novo produced from cells found in the scales. In the current study, scales of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, were stimulated in-vitro with a range of concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to investigate if they can produce and release cortisol. Moreover, scales were exposed to a combination of ACTH and metyrapone, an inhibitor of cortisol production, to examine whether cortisol was actually produced in the scales. Results from ACTH administration showed that scales increased their cortisol release in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was reversed when scales were co-incubated with ACTH and metyrapone, indicating that cortisol was produced de novo and not released only upon stimulation with ACTH.
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Barros‐Diaz C, Vela S, Gallo‐Pérez A, Chiquito M, Cornejo X, Mosquera‐Muñoz D, Perez‐Correa J. Hypopigmentation in mantled howler monkeys Alouatta palliata (gray 1849): First documented cases of whole-body leucism in South America. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9628. [PMID: 36514543 PMCID: PMC9731914 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of hypopigmentation like leucism is the result of genetic anomalies that might be enhanced by external factors such as pollution. This anomaly may reduce survival rates. Leucism has been recorded in wildlife, but overall, it is considered very rare. There have been few records of mantled howler monkeys with leucism in Mexico and Costa Rica, but whole-body leucism in howler monkeys from South America was unknown. In this article, we report for the first-time documented cases of whole-body leucism in young individuals of mantled howler monkeys Alouatta palliata in an isolated remanent of tropical dry forest in southwestern Ecuador known as Cerro Blanco Protective Forest. In total, we found two juvenile individuals with leucism in October 2021. The report of howler monkeys with whole-body leucism may be caused by two processes: inbreeding because of isolated populations, environmental pressure caused by pollution, or the interaction of both. Our findings also reveal that hypopigmentation is becoming more frequent in howler monkey populations along its distributional range. Therefore, it is important to promote research in this field to disentangle the causes of hypopigmentation and to consider a regional management strategy for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Barros‐Diaz
- Fundación para la Conservación e Investigación JaPuGuayaquilEcuador,Faculdad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorPichinchaEcuador
| | - Silvia Vela
- Fundación para la Conservación e Investigación JaPuGuayaquilEcuador
| | - Abel Gallo‐Pérez
- Fundación para la Conservación e Investigación JaPuGuayaquilEcuador,Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad de GuayaquilGuayaquilEcuador
| | - Manuel Chiquito
- Fundación para la Conservación e Investigación JaPuGuayaquilEcuador,Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad de GuayaquilGuayaquilEcuador
| | - Xavier Cornejo
- Herbario GUAY, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad de GuayaquilGuayaquilEcuador
| | | | - Julian Perez‐Correa
- Fundación para la Conservación e Investigación JaPuGuayaquilEcuador,Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad de GuayaquilGuayaquilEcuador,School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Li S. Effect of Acute Cold Stress on Neuroethology in Mice and Establishment of Its Model. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192671. [PMID: 36230412 PMCID: PMC9559653 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold environment is an inevitable stress source for humans and livestock in cold areas, which easily induce a cold stress response and then cause a series of abnormal changes in energy metabolism, neuroendocrine system, behavior and emotion. Homeostasis is maintained by the unified regulation of the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, metabolism and behavior under cold exposure. Behavior is an indispensable part of the functional regulation of the body to respond to environmental changes. At present, the behavioral changes caused by cold exposure are unclear or even chaotic due to the difficulty of defining cold stress. Therefore, this study aims to systematically observe the changes in spontaneous movement, exploratory behavior and anxiety of mice under different intensity cold exposure and summarize the characteristics and behavior traits combined with relevant blood physiological indexes under corresponding conditions. Mice models of cold stress with different intensities were established (cold exposure gradients were 22 °C, 16 °C, 10 °C and 4 °C, and time gradients of each temperature were 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h and 12 h). After the corresponding cold exposure treatment, mice immediately carried out the open field test(OFT) and elevated plus maze test (PMT) to evaluate their spontaneous movement, exploratory behavior and anxiety. Subsequently, blood samples were collected and used for the determination of corticosterone (Cort), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spontaneous movement of mice increased under 22 °C cold exposure, but their exploration behavior did not significantly change, and their anxiety improved at the initial stage. The spontaneous movement and anxiety of mice increased in the initial stage and decreased in the later stage under cold exposure at 16, 10 and 4 °C and the exploratory behavior was inhibited. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC/NE) system were activated by cold stress and fluctuated with different intensities of cold exposure. Meanwhile, serum DA increased, and 5-HT was the opposite under different intensities of cold exposure. In conclusion, mild acute cold exposure promoted the spontaneous movement, increased exploratory behavior and improved anxiety. As the intensity of cold exposure increases, cold exposure had a negative effect on spontaneous movement, exploratory behavior and emotion. The physiological basis of these behavioral and emotional changes in mice under different intensity cold stimulation is the fluctuation of Cort, CRH, E, NE, DA and 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Hu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shize Li
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Medicine Foundation, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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The impact of perceived stress on the hair follicle: Towards solving a psychoneuroendocrine and neuroimmunological puzzle. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101008. [PMID: 35660551 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While popular belief harbors little doubt that perceived stress can cause hair loss and premature graying, the scientific evidence for this is arguably much thinner. Here, we investigate whether these phenomena are real, and show that the cyclic growth and pigmentation of the hair follicle (HF) provides a tractable model system for dissecting how perceived stress modulates aspects of human physiology. Local production of stress-associated neurohormones and neurotrophins coalesces with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released from HF-associated sensory and autonomic nerve endings, forming a complex local stress-response system that regulates perifollicular neurogenic inflammation, interacts with the HF microbiome and controls mitochondrial function. This local system integrates into the central stress response systems, allowing the study of systemic stress responses affecting organ function by quantifying stress mediator content of hair. Focusing on selected mediators in this "brain-HF axis" under stress conditions, we distill general principles of HF dysfunction induced by perceived stress.
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Serotonin (5-HT) 2A Receptor Involvement in Melanin Synthesis and Transfer via Activating the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116111. [PMID: 35682806 PMCID: PMC9245606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-HT2A serotonin receptor (HTR2A) has been reported to be involved in the serotonin- or serotonin receptor 2A agonist-induced melanogenesis in human melanoma cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HTR2A in regulating melanogenesis remain poorly understood. In this research, cultured mouse melanoma cell line B16F10, human skin, and zebrafish embryos were used to elucidate the downstream signaling of HTR2A in regulating melanogenesis and to verify the potential application of HTR2A in the treatment of pigment-associated cutaneous diseases. We demonstrated that HTR2A antagonists (AT1015 and ketanserin) attenuated the melanogenesis induction of serotonin in both mouse melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. The agonists of HTR2A (DOI and TCB-2) increased melanin synthesis and transfer in B16F10 cells, human skin tissue, and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, the HTR2A agonists increased the expression of proteins related to melanosome organization and melanocyte dendrites to facilitate the melanocyte migration and melanosome transport. HTR2A antagonists and genetic knockout of zebrafish htr2aa (the homologue of mammalian HTR2A gene) were also used to clarify that HTR2A mediates serotonin and DOI in regulating melanogenesis. Finally, through small scale screening of the candidate downstream pathway, we demonstrated that HTR2A mediates the melanogenesis induction of its ligands by activating the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. In this research, we further confirmed that HTR2A is a crucial protein to mediate melanocyte function. Meanwhile, this research supports that HTR2A could be designed as a drug target for the development of chemicals to treat cutaneous diseases with melanocytes or melanogenesis abnormality.
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Keratinocytes take part in the regulation of substance P in melanogenesis through the HPA axis. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:141-149. [PMID: 35525773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical findings have shown that skin depigmentation disorder such as vitiligo may be closely associated with the release of central and peripheral substance P (SP) resulted from chronic psychological stress or sudden mental blow. But the regulatory role of SP and its receptor, tachykinin receptor in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the function and mechanism of SP in melanogenesis. METHODS The chronic mental stress was used to explore the intrinsic association between psychological factors, SP and melanogenesis disorder. The effect of SP on melanogenesis through hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis was studied by skin culture in vitro. The conditioned medium experiment demonstrated the indirect effect of SP on melanogenesis of B16F10 cells through HaCaT cells. The ability to produce melanin was evaluated by detecting melanin and tyrosinase activity. qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of related genes and proteins in melanogenesis and HPA axis. RESULTS Increased SP expression and reduction of melanogenesis in the skin of mice were observed under mental stress. Melanogenesis was suppressed in the cultured human skin treated with SP due to the down-regulation of melanin-related proteins and HPA axis genes. The melanogenesis of B16F10 cells was inhibited by the conditioned medium of HaCaT cells treated with SP. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results indicate that excess SP originated from mental stress interferes with melanogenesis through keratinocytes in the skin. The HPA axis is the key downstream to perceive the SP signaling and furtherly regulate the melanogenesis.
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Zhang J, Chen R, Wen L, Fan Z, Guo Y, Hu Z, Miao Y. Recent Progress in the Understanding of the Effect of Sympathetic Nerves on Hair Follicle Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:736738. [PMID: 34513851 PMCID: PMC8427189 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.736738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observation and experimental studies have long suggested that the perifollicular nerves have nutritional and regulatory effects on the growth, development, and physiological cycle of hair follicles (HFs), even though the concrete mechanism remains obscure. Recently, with the progress of immunohistochemistry and molecular biology techniques, more innovation has been made in the study of the follicular sympathetic nerves and its nerve-effect factor norepinephrine affecting hair follicle stem cells. This review highlights the progress in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system toward the growth of HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruosi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Wen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhexiang Fan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Guo
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Martín J, Recio P, Rodríguez-Ruiz G, Barja I, Gutiérrez E, García LV. Relationships between soil pollution by heavy metals and melanin-dependent coloration of a fossorial amphisbaenian reptile. Integr Zool 2021; 17:596-607. [PMID: 34047065 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Melanin is the basis of coloration in many animals, and although it is often used in communication, thermoregulation, or camouflage, melanin has many other physiological functions. For example, in polluted habitats, melanin can have a detoxifying function. Melanic coloration would help to sequester in the skin the heavy metal contaminants from inside the body, which will be expelled to the exterior when the skin is sloughed. Moreover, animals should have evolved more melanic colorations in more polluted habitats ("industrial melanism" hypothesis). We examined whether the fossorial amphisbaenian reptile, Trogonophis wiegmanni, is able to eliminate heavy metals, derived from soil pollution by seagull depositions, through sloughing its skin. Our results suggest a covariation between levels of soil pollution by heavy metals and the concentration of heavy metals in the sloughed skins of amphisbaenians. This suggests that amphisbaenians may expel heavy metals from their bodies when they slough the skins. We also tested whether amphisbaenians inhabiting soils with higher levels of heavy metal pollution had darker (melanin-dependent) body colorations. However, contrary to predictions from the "industrial melanization" hypothesis, we found a negative relationship between soil pollution and proportions of melanic coloration. This contradictory result could, however, be explained because heavy metals have endocrine disruption effects that increase physiological stress, and higher stress levels could result in decreased melanogenesis. We suggest that although amphisbaenians might have some detoxifying mechanism linked to melanin in the skin, this process might be negatively affected by stress and result ineffective under conditions of high soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Martín
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Recio
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Barja
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biogeoquímica, Ecología Vegetal y Microbiana, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis V García
- Departamento de Biogeoquímica, Ecología Vegetal y Microbiana, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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Sharma K, Anand A, Kumar R. The role of Yoga in working from home during the COVID-19 global lockdown. Work 2020; 66:731-737. [PMID: 32925134 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of stress and anxiety worldwide. Due to the global lockdown, work, employment, businesses and the economic climate have been severely affected. It has generated stress among people from all sections of society, especially to workers who have been assigned to cater to healthcare service or those constrained to secure daily essential items. It is widely perceived that elderly or those affected by diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases are prone to COVID-19. As per an ongoing survey, the initial data shows that the above-mentioned anxiety and stress cause insomnia, and has the considerable potential to weaken the immune system, the sole protection against the virus. OBJECTIVE This study focuses on the need of Yoga practice at work places and at home during the global lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Literature was searched using PubMed and Google Scholar for COVID-19-related stress and anxiety at work and society due to the worldwide lockdown. The predisposing comorbidities, viral mechanism of action and treatment regimen were also searched. Yoga-based intervention studies and online programs were also searched. RESULTS As the lockdown cannot last forever and workplaces will have to be functional soon, there is an increased possibility of recurrent infection. Therefore, Yoga can provide the necessary tool for risk reduction, amelioration of stress and anxiety and strengthening of the immune function. The online platforms provide a good media for Yoga training at work places and homes. CONCLUSION Due to social distancing norms, the availability of Yoga trainers has become restricted. Yoga practice is actively sought to achieve reduced anxiety and stress so that improved sleep may positively impact immunity. As a consequence, there is a spurt in social media, catering to daily online Yoga sessions which apparently prove useful in providing accessible means to achieve mental as well as physical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanupriya Sharma
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of English and Cultural Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Hromádková J, Suzuki Y, Pletts S, Pyo J, Ma T, Chen Y, Steele MA, Guan LL. Effect of colostrum feeding strategies on the expression of neuroendocrine genes and active gut mucosa-attached bacterial populations in neonatal calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8629-8642. [PMID: 32622610 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum feeding is vital for the development of the immune system and gastrointestinal tract in neonatal calves; however, it is currently unknown whether different colostrum feeding strategies affect their neuroendocrine system and potentially the gut-brain axis. The present study investigated the effect of 3 different colostrum feeding regimens on the expression of neuroendocrine genes in adrenal glands and gastrointestinal tissues and on the abundance of intestinal commensal bacteria. Holstein bull calves were fed colostrum immediately after birth and randomly assigned to 3 groups: whole milk (n = 8), mixture of 50% colostrum and 50% whole milk (n = 8), and colostrum (CF; n = 8) for 72 h with 12-h intervals. Adrenal glands, ileum, and colon tissues were collected at 75 h and were subjected to the expression of 11 targeted neuroendocrine genes and the abundance of tissue mucosa-associated bacteria measurement using quantitative real-time PCR and quantitative PCR, respectively. The expressions of all targeted genes were detected, and the expression of α-adrenergic receptor (ADRA1A) gene was affected by CF in adrenal glands and gut tissues. In addition, CF upregulated the expression of HTR4 (serotonin receptor) and SLC4A4 (serotonin transporter) genes in the ileum and increased the abundance of active Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli (as detected at RNA level) associated with ileum and colon tissue. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between the abundance of active Lactobacillus spp. and E. coli with expression of HTR2B and HTR4 genes in the colon, suggesting that extended colostrum feeding strategies may affect the interaction between gut microbiota and host endocrine functions in neonatal calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Hromádková
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan 060-8589
| | - Sarah Pletts
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Jade Pyo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China 100081
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Michael A Steele
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5; Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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13
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The Role of Sexual Selection in the Evolution of Facial Displays in Male Non-human Primates and Men. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40750-020-00139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Apart from its protective function, the skin is also both hormonally and metabolically active. Many hormones are produced in the skin and the regulation of these changes is controlled, as are other organs, by the pituitary gland and hypothalamus. Under the influence of stress factors such as ultraviolet radiation, many reactions are stimulated. After exposure to light in keratinocytes apart from eumelanin, also proopiomelanocortin, dopamine, and opioid substances – β-endorphins are produced. The skin also has a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis homolog. A corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced and reacts with its skin receptors that lead to, among others, increasing vascular permeability or induce keratinocytes differentiation. A similar homologous system found in skin structures is the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, which is expressed by the presence of e.g. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors or thyroglobulin genes. Our review presents selected hormonal skin systems, reactions within them and their products.
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15
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Effects of Different Levels of Restraint Stress on Bone–Implant Contact. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:1294-1297. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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16
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Zhou L, Cai M, Ren Y, Wu H, Liu M, Chen H, Shang J. The different roles of 5-HT1A/2A receptors in fluoxetine ameliorated pigmentation of C57BL/6 mouse skin in response to stress. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 92:222-229. [PMID: 30527375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-HT1A receptor was participated in fluoxetine induced melanogenesis in melanocytes and in normal C57BL/6 mice, but we know little about whether other 5-HT receptors are involved in regulation of fluoxetine promotes pigmentation. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of 5-HT receptors in regulation of fluoxetine ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS) induce hypopigmentation in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS CUMS and CRS were used to induce depigmentation in mice and evaluate the effect of fluoxetine. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and Q-PCR assay were used to determine the levels of protein and mRNA. Masson Fontana staining was used for melanin staining and FITC-Phalloidin staining was used to detect the expression of F-actin. Zebrafish and B16F10 cells were used for the mechanism research. RESULTS Fluoxetine (2.6 mg/kg, ig) ameliorated hypopigmentation induced by CUMS and CRS in mice, significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of 5-HT1 A and 5-HT2 A receptors in mice and B16F10 cells. The effect of fluoxetine on melanogenesis in B16F10 cells and zebrafish were inhibited by WAY100635 (a selective 5-HT1 A receptor antagonist) and ketanserin (a 5-HT2 A receptor antagonist), respectively. Activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathways was contributed to fluoxetine induced melanogenesis and inhibited by WAY100635, but not ketanserin. However, ketanserin selectively weakened the action of fluoxetine promoted migration and up-regulated Rab27a protein expression in B16F10 cells. CONCLUSIONS 5-HT1 A and 2 A receptors contribute to melanogenesis and migration property of fluoxetine. The newly revealed mechanism indicates that fluoxetine and its analogues may be a potential drug for treatment of depigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Minxuan Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yingying Ren
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Huali Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, PR China
| | - Haijuan Chen
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Jing Shang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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17
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Wang Q, Wu H, Zhou J, Pei S, Li J, Cai Y, Shang J. Involvement of the central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in hair growth and melanogenesis among different mouse strains. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202955. [PMID: 30356231 PMCID: PMC6200183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress has been demonstrated to play an important role in hair follicle function and the pathogenesis of some hair disorders. The central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated by stress stimuli, synthesizes and releases various components and eventually induces the pathogenesis and recurrence of peripheral diseases. Our aim is to compare the different responses under exposure of stress in hair follicle function among different mouse strains, and to detect the involvement of the central HPA axis after stress in hair follicle growth and melanogenesis. In this study, we exposed different mouse strains (C57BL/6, CBA/J, C3H/HeN, BALB/c and ICR) to a 21-day chronic restraint stress protocol and selected C57BL/6, CBA/J and BALB/c mice for further study because of their significant behavioral alterations. Then, we evaluated and compared the different responses and sensitivity to chronic restraint stress in hair follicle function and central HPA axis among the selected strains. The results showed that expression of POMC, CRF and GR mRNA and protein and serum levels of corticosterone were inhibited in response to stress. These findings suggested that chronic restraint stress may inhibit hair follicle growth and melanogenesis via regulating the key elements of the central HPA axis. In addition, the results revealed different mouse strains exhibit different responses in the central HPA axis and hair follicle after stress exposure. C57BL/6 might be the most sensitive strain among the three strains tested as well as an appropriate strain to study possible pathophysiological mechanisms by which the nervous system influences skin function and screen dermatological drugs suitable for psychotherapy. We believe the current study will provide some useful information for researchers who are interested in the bidirectional communication between the nervous and skin systems and the management of stress-induced cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siran Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Mateus AP, Anjos L, Cardoso JR, Power DM. Chronic stress impairs the local immune response during cutaneous repair in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.). Mol Immunol 2017; 87:267-283. [PMID: 28521279 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Scale removal in fish triggers a damage-repair program to re-establish the lost epidermis and scale and an associated local immune response. In mammals, chronic stress is known to delay wound healing and to modulate the cutaneous stress axis, but this is unstudied in teleost fish the most successful extant vertebrates. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that chronic stress impairs cutaneous repair in teleost fish as a consequence of suppression of the immune response. The hypothesis was tested by removing the scales and damaging the skin on one side of the body of fish previously exposed for 4 weeks to a chronic crowding stress and then evaluating cutaneous repair for 1 week. Scale removal caused the loss of the epidermis although at 3days it was re-established. At this stage the basement membrane was significantly thicker (p=0.038) and the hypodermis was significantly thinner (p=0.016) in the regenerating skin of stressed fish relative to the control fish. At 3days, stressed fish also had a significantly lower plasma osmolality (p=0.015) than control fish indicative of reduced barrier function. Chronic stress caused a significant down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor (gr) in skin before damage (time 0, p=0.005) and of star at 3 and 7days (p<0.05) after regeneration relative to control fish. In regenerating skin key transcripts of cutaneous repair, pcna, colivα1 and mmp9, and the inflammatory response, tgfβ1, csf-1r, mpo and crtac2, were down-regulated (p<0.05) by chronic stress. Irrespective of chronic stress and in contrast to intact skin many hyper pigmented masses, putative melanomacrophages, infiltrated the epidermis of regenerating skin. This study reveals that chronic stress suppresses the local immune response to scale removal and impairs the expression of key transcripts of wound healing. Elements of the stress axis were identified and modulated by chronic stress during cutaneous repair in gilthead seabream skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Comparative Molecular and Integrative Biology, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Av. Dr. Adelino da Palma Carlos, 8000-510 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Comparative Molecular and Integrative Biology, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - João R Cardoso
- Comparative Molecular and Integrative Biology, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Molecular and Integrative Biology, Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Hodes A, Lodish MB, Tirosh A, Meyer J, Belyavskaya E, Lyssikatos C, Rosenberg K, Demidowich A, Swan J, Jonas N, Stratakis CA, Zilbermint M. Hair cortisol in the evaluation of Cushing syndrome. Endocrine 2017; 56:164-174. [PMID: 28194652 PMCID: PMC5437744 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hair cortisol evaluation has been used to help detect patients with suspected Cushing syndrome. Our goal was to correlate segmental hair cortisol with biochemical testing in patients with Cushing syndrome and controls. This study was a prospective analysis of hair cortisol in confirmed Cushing syndrome cases over 16 months. METHODS Thirty-six subjects (26.5 ± 18.9 years, 75% female, and 75% Caucasian) were analyzed by diurnal serum cortisol, 24 h urinary free cortisol corrected for body surface area (UFC/BSA), and 24 h urinary 17-hydroxysteroids corrected for creatinine (17OHS/Cr). Thirty patients were diagnosed with Cushing syndrome, and six were defined as controls. 3-cm hair samples nearest to the scalp, cut into 1-cm segments (proximal, medial, and distal), were analyzed for cortisol by enzyme immunoassay and measured as pmol cortisol/g dry hair. Hair cortisol levels were compared with laboratory testing done within previous 2 months of the evaluation. RESULTS Proximal hair cortisol was higher in Cushing syndrome patients (266.6 ± 738.4 pmol/g) than control patients (38.9 ± 25.3 pmol/g) (p = 0.003). Proximal hair cortisol was highest of all segments in 25/36 (69%) patients. Among all subjects, proximal hair cortisol was strongly correlated with UFC/BSA (r = 0.5, p = 0.005), midnight serum cortisol (r = 0.4, p = 0.03), and 17OHS/Cr, which trended towards significance (r = 0.3, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Among the three examined hair segments, proximal hair contained the highest cortisol levels and correlated the most with the initial biochemical tests for Cushing syndrome in our study. Further studies are needed to validate proximal hair cortisol in the diagnostic workup for Cushing syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hodes
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maya B Lodish
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amit Tirosh
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Jerrold Meyer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Elena Belyavskaya
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Charalampos Lyssikatos
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kendra Rosenberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Andrew Demidowich
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeremy Swan
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nichole Jonas
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mihail Zilbermint
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Suburban Hospital, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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20
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Seo H, Park CH, Choi S, Kim W, Jeon BD, Ryu S. Effects of voluntary exercise on apoptosis and cortisol after chronic restraint stress in mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016; 20:16-23. [PMID: 27757383 PMCID: PMC5067423 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.09.20.3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To determine whether voluntary exercise (wheel running) has the potential of relieving stress. [Methods] In this study, restraint stress with or without voluntary wheel running was performed for mice housed in individual cages. A total of 21 ICR male mice were assigned into control (CON), restraint stress with voluntary exercise (RSVE), or restraint stress (RS) without voluntary exercise groups (n = 7 each). [Results] No significant difference in body weight increase was found among the three groups, although CON and RS groups had a tendency of having smaller body weight increase compared to the RSVE group. No significant difference in the expression level of liver heat shock protein 70, Bcl-2, or p53 was found among the three groups. However, caspase-3 protein level in RS group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. Blood cortisol concentration in RS was higher (p < 0.05) than that in RSVE or CON group. It was the lowest (p < 0.05) in the RSVE group. [Conclusion] Our findings suggest that apoptosis caused by chronic restraint stress might be suppressed by voluntary exercise in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyobin Seo
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University, Sangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Hyung Park
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University, Sangju Republic of Korea
| | - Seokrip Choi
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Daegu Health College, Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Woocheol Kim
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Daegu Health College, Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Duk Jeon
- Department of Physical Education Leisure, Suseong College, Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Seungpil Ryu
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kyungpook National University, Sangju Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Emerging research has suggested that the skin is not only a target of organismal distress but also an active participant of the stress response through production of local "HPA axis" components, peripheral nerve endings, and resident skin cells, including keratinocytes, mast cells, and immune/immune accessory cells. There are also bidirectional communication pathways between the brain and the skin, which play significant roles in integrating these interactions. In this review, we summarize the intricate relations between stress and several skin conditions. We have tried to identify the underlying mechanisms that link stress to the common dermatoses according to the latest scientific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Alexopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Carlitz EHD, Kirschbaum C, Miller R, Rukundo J, van Schaik CP. Effects of body region and time on hair cortisol concentrations in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:9-15. [PMID: 26409891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) are increasingly recognized as an integrated measure of the systemic cortisol secretion. Yet, we still know very little about confounding effects on HCC in animals. The present study therefore used hair from semi-wild and zoo living chimpanzees to investigate (1) intra-individual variability of HCC (body-region effect), and (2) the stability of HCC along the hair shaft (traditionally called the washout effect). Our results indicate that absolute HCC varied substantially between certain body regions, but a factor analysis revealed that these HCC differences were mainly attributable to one common source of variance. Thus, hair from all body regions provides similar biological signals and can be mixed, albeit at the cost of a lower signal-to-noise ratio. With regard to potential underlying mechanisms, we studied skin blood flow, as observed through thermal images from one chimpanzee. We found the general HCC pattern was reflected in differences in surface body temperature observed in this individual in three out of four body regions. In a separate set of samples, we found first evidence to suggest that the systematic cortisol decrease along the hair shaft, as observed in humans, is also present in chimpanzee hair. The effect was more pronounced in semi-wild than in zoo chimpanzees presumably due to more exposure to ambient weather conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther H D Carlitz
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Robert Miller
- Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Joshua Rukundo
- Chimpanzee Sanctuary and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Entebbe, Uganda
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23
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Azuma K, Furuzawa M, Fujiwara S, Yamada K, Kubo KY. Effects of Active Mastication on Chronic Stress-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:952-7. [PMID: 26664256 PMCID: PMC4661293 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychologic stress increases corticosterone levels, which decreases bone density. Active mastication or chewing attenuates stress-induced increases in corticosterone. We evaluated whether active mastication attenuates chronic stress-induced bone loss in mice. Male C57BL/6 (B6) mice were randomly divided into control, stress, and stress/chewing groups. Stress was induced by placing mice in a ventilated restraint tube (60 min, 2x/day, 4 weeks). The stress/chewing group was given a wooden stick to chew during the experimental period. Quantitative micro-computed tomography, histologic analysis, and biochemical markers were used to evaluate the bone response. The stress/chewing group exhibited significantly attenuated stress-induced increases in serum corticosterone levels, suppressed bone formation, enhanced bone resorption, and decreased trabecular bone mass in the vertebrae and distal femurs, compared with mice in the stress group. Active mastication during exposure to chronic stress alleviated chronic stress-induced bone density loss in B6 mice. Active mastication during chronic psychologic stress may thus be an effective strategy to prevent and/or treat chronic stress-related osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kagaku Azuma
- 1. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Manabu Furuzawa
- 2. Department of Prosthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Shu Fujiwara
- 2. Department of Prosthodontics, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yamada
- 3. Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Domestic economy, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, 467-8610, Japan
| | - Kin-ya Kubo
- 4. Seijoh University Graduate School of Health Care Studies, Tokai, 478-8588, Japan
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