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Holomková K, Veselá B, Dadáková K, Sharpe PT, Lesot H, Matalová E, Švandová E. Hypoxia-inducible factors in postnatal mouse molar dental pulp development: insights into expression patterns, localisation and metabolic pathways. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-03003-1. [PMID: 39101996 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-03003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia is relevant to several physiological and pathological processes and this also applies for the tooth. The adaptive response to lowering oxygen concentration is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Since HIFs were shown to participate in the promotion of angiogenesis, stem cell survival, odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation, they may play a beneficial role in the tooth reparative processes. Although some data were generated in vitro, little is known about the in vivo context of HIFs in tooth development. In order to contribute to this field, the mouse mandibular first molar was used as a model.The expression and in situ localisation of HIFs were examined at postnatal (P) days P0, P7, P14, using RT-PCR and immunostaining. The expression pattern of a broad spectrum of hypoxia-related genes was monitored by customised PCR Arrays. Metabolic aspects were evaluated by determination of the lactate level and mRNA expression of the mitochondrial marker Nd1.The results show constant high mRNA expression of Hif1a, increasing expression of Hif2a, and very low expression of Hif3a during early postnatal molar development. In the examined period the localisation of HIFs in the nuclei of odontoblasts and the subodontoblastic layer identified their presence during odontoblastic differentiation. Additionally, the lower lactate level and higher expression of mitochondrial Nd1 in advanced development points to decreasing glycolysis during differentiation. Postnatal nuclear localisation of HIFs indicates a hypoxic state in specific areas of dental pulp as oxygen demands depend on physiological events such as crown and root dentin mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Holomková
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Veselá
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Dadáková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Matalová
- Department of Physiology, Veterinary University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Švandová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Druggable Biomarkers Altered in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Strategy for the Development of Mechanism-Based Combination Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020902. [PMID: 36674417 PMCID: PMC9864911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapeutics made significant advances in the treatment of patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Resistance and serious adverse events associated with standard therapy of patients with advanced ccRCC highlight the need to identify alternative 'druggable' targets to those currently under clinical development. Although the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and Polybromo1 (PBRM1) tumor-suppressor genes are the two most frequently mutated genes and represent the hallmark of the ccRCC phenotype, stable expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/2α (HIFs), microRNAs-210 and -155 (miRS), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and thymidine phosphorylase (TP) are targets overexpressed in the majority of ccRCC tumors. Collectively, these altered biomarkers are highly interactive and are considered master regulators of processes implicated in increased tumor angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune evasion. In recognition of the therapeutic potential of the indicated biomarkers, considerable efforts are underway to develop therapeutically effective and selective inhibitors of individual targets. It was demonstrated that HIFS, miRS, Nrf2, and TGF-ß are targeted by a defined dose and schedule of a specific type of selenium-containing molecules, seleno-L-methionine (SLM) and methylselenocystein (MSC). Collectively, the demonstrated pleiotropic effects of selenium were associated with the normalization of tumor vasculature, and enhanced drug delivery and distribution to tumor tissue, resulting in enhanced efficacy of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs and biologically targeted molecules. Higher selenium doses than those used in clinical prevention trials inhibit multiple targets altered in ccRCC tumors, which could offer the potential for the development of a new and novel therapeutic modality for cancer patients with similar selenium target expression. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of selenium modulation of specific targets altered in ccRCC could potentially have a significant impact on the development of a more efficacious and selective mechanism-based combination for the treatment of patients with cancer.
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Granillo-Luna ON, Hernandez-Aguirre LE, Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Duarte-Gutierrez J, Contreras-Vergara CA, Gollas-Galvan T, Yepiz-Plascencia G. The anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylase from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Gene structure, molecular characterization, protein modelling and expression during hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 269:111212. [PMID: 35417748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic zones are spreading worldwide in marine environments affecting many organisms. Shrimp and other marine crustaceans can withstand environmental hypoxia using several strategies, including the regulation of energy producing metabolic pathways. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the first reaction of gluconeogenesis to produce oxaloacetate from pyruvate. In mammals, PC also participates in lipogenesis, insulin secretion and other processes, but this enzyme has been scarcely studied in marine invertebrates. In this work, we characterized the gene encoding PC in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, modelled the protein structure and evaluated its gene expression in hepatopancreas during hypoxia, as well as glucose and lactate concentrations. The PC gene codes for a mitochondrial protein and has 21 coding exons and 4 non-coding exons that generate three transcript variants with differences only in the 5'-UTR. Total PC expression is more abundant in hepatopancreas compared to gills or muscle, indicating tissue-specific expression. Under hypoxic conditions of 1.53 mg/L dissolved oxygen, PC expression is maintained in hepatopancreas, indicating its key role even in energy-limited conditions. Finally, both glucose and lactate concentrations were maintained under hypoxia for 24-48 h in hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar N Granillo-Luna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Laura E Hernandez-Aguirre
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Jorge Duarte-Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Carmen A Contreras-Vergara
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Teresa Gollas-Galvan
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico.
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MicroRNA Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Tumor Biopsies: Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105604. [PMID: 35628416 PMCID: PMC9147802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to quantitate the expression levels of microRNA-17, -19a, -34a, -155, and -210 (miRs) expressed in nine clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and one chromophobe renal cell carcinoma cell line with and without sarcomatoid differentiation, and in six primary kidney tumors with matching normal kidney tissues. The data in the five non-sarcomatoid ccRCC cell lines-RC2, CAKI-1, 786-0, RCC4, and RCC4/VHL-and in the four ccRCC with sarcomatoid differentiation-RCJ41T1, RCJ41T2, RCJ41M, and UOK-127-indicated that miR-17 and -19a were expressed at lower levels relative to miR-34a, -155, and -210. Compared with RPTEC normal epithelial cells, miR-34a, miR-155, and miR-210 were expressed at higher levels, independent of the sarcomatoid differentiation status and hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIFs) isoform expression. In the one chromophobe renal cell carcinoma cell line, namely, UOK-276 with sarcomatoid differentiation, and expressing tumor suppressor gene TP53, miR-34a, which is a tumor suppressor gene, was expressed at higher levels than miR-210, -155, -17, and -19a. The pilot results generated in six tumor biopsies with matching normal kidney tissues indicated that while the expression of miR-17 and -19a were similar to the normal tissue expression profile, miR-210, -155, -and 34a were expressed at a higher level. To confirm that differences in the expression levels of the five miRs in the six tumor biopsies were statistically significant, the acquisition of a larger sample size is required. Data previously generated in ccRCC cell lines demonstrating that miR-210, miR-155, and HIFs are druggable targets using a defined dose and schedule of selenium-containing molecules support the concept that simultaneous and concurrent downregulation of miR-210, miR-155, and HIFs, which regulate target genes associated with increased tumor angiogenesis and drug resistance, may offer the potential for the development of a novel mechanism-based strategy for the treatment of patients with advanced ccRCC.
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Melana JP, Mignolli F, Stoyanoff T, Aguirre MV, Balboa MA, Balsinde J, Rodríguez JP. The Hypoxic Microenvironment Induces Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 Overexpression and Lipidomic Profile Changes in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122962. [PMID: 34199164 PMCID: PMC8231571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by a high rate of cell proliferation and an extensive accumulation of lipids. Uncontrolled cell growth usually generates areas of intratumoral hypoxia that define the tumor phenotype. In this work, we show that, under these microenvironmental conditions, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 is overexpressed. This enzyme induces changes in the cellular lipidomic profile, increasing the oleic acid levels, a metabolite that is essential for cell proliferation. This work supports the idea of considering stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 as an exploitable therapeutic target in ccRCC. Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is characterized by a high cell proliferation and the ability to store lipids. Previous studies have demonstrated the overexpression of enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, including stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), which increases the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in tumor cells. In this work, we studied the expression of SCD-1 in primary ccRCC tumors, as well as in cell lines, to determine its influence on the tumor lipid composition and its role in cell proliferation. The lipidomic analyses of patient tumors showed that oleic acid (18:1n-9) is one of the major fatty acids, and it is particularly abundant in the neutral lipid fraction of the tumor core. Using a ccRCC cell line model and in vitro-generated chemical hypoxia, we show that SCD-1 is highly upregulated (up to 200-fold), and this causes an increase in the cellular level of 18:1n-9, which, in turn, accumulates in the neutral lipid fraction. The pharmacological inhibition of SCD-1 blocks 18:1n-9 synthesis and compromises the proliferation. The addition of exogenous 18:1n-9 to the cells reverses the effects of SCD-1 inhibition on cell proliferation. These data reinforce the role of SCD-1 as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Melana
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Facultad de Medicina (LIBIM), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina; (J.P.M.); (T.S.); (M.V.A.)
| | - Francesco Mignolli
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNNE-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes 3400, Argentina;
| | - Tania Stoyanoff
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Facultad de Medicina (LIBIM), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina; (J.P.M.); (T.S.); (M.V.A.)
| | - María V. Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Facultad de Medicina (LIBIM), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina; (J.P.M.); (T.S.); (M.V.A.)
| | - María A. Balboa
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (J.P.R.); Tel.: +34-983-423-062 (J.B.); Tel.: +54-937-9469-4464 (J.P.R.)
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Facultad de Medicina (LIBIM), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes 3400, Argentina; (J.P.M.); (T.S.); (M.V.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (J.P.R.); Tel.: +34-983-423-062 (J.B.); Tel.: +54-937-9469-4464 (J.P.R.)
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Beckermann KE, Hongo R, Ye X, Young K, Carbonell K, Healey DCC, Siska PJ, Barone S, Roe CE, Smith CC, Vincent BG, Mason FM, Irish JM, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC. CD28 costimulation drives tumor-infiltrating T cell glycolysis to promote inflammation. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138729. [PMID: 32814710 PMCID: PMC7455120 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming dictates the fate and function of stimulated T cells, yet these pathways can be suppressed in T cells in tumor microenvironments. We previously showed that glycolytic and mitochondrial adaptations directly contribute to reducing the effector function of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Here we define the role of these metabolic pathways in the activation and effector functions of CD8+ RCC TILs. CD28 costimulation plays a key role in augmenting T cell activation and metabolism, and is antagonized by the inhibitory and checkpoint immunotherapy receptors CTLA4 and PD-1. While RCC CD8+ TILs were activated at a low level when stimulated through the T cell receptor alone, addition of CD28 costimulation greatly enhanced activation, function, and proliferation. CD28 costimulation reprogrammed RCC CD8+ TIL metabolism with increased glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, possibly through upregulation of GLUT3. Mitochondria also fused to a greater degree, with higher membrane potential and overall mass. These phenotypes were dependent on glucose metabolism, as the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose both prevented changes to mitochondria and suppressed RCC CD8+ TIL activation and function. These data show that CD28 costimulation can restore RCC CD8+ TIL metabolism and function through rescue of T cell glycolysis that supports mitochondrial mass and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Hongo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kirsten Young
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Katie Carbonell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diana C Contreras Healey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter J Siska
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sierra Barone
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caroline E Roe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christof C Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Frank M Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and.,Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Mazumdar C, Driggers EM, Turka LA. The Untapped Opportunity and Challenge of Immunometabolism: A New Paradigm for Drug Discovery. Cell Metab 2020; 31:26-34. [PMID: 31839485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we explore the manipulation of immune cell metabolism as a strategy in target discovery and drug development for immune-mediated diseases. Comparing exploitation of metabolic pathways to kill tumor cells for cancer treatment with the reprogramming of immune cells to treat autoimmune diseases highlights differences that confer several advantages to the latter (including a more favorable therapeutic index and greater target stability). We discuss technological capabilities and gaps, including the challenge of relating in vitro observations to in vivo biology. Finally, we conclude by identifying future opportunities that will move the field forward and accelerate drug discovery.
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Ocaña MC, Martínez-Poveda B, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ. Highly Glycolytic Immortalized Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells are Able to Grow in Glucose-Starved Conditions. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080332. [PMID: 31374952 PMCID: PMC6723428 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood vessels, in a process known as angiogenesis. Excessive angiogenesis is a hallmark of several diseases, including cancer. The number of studies in endothelial cell metabolism has increased in recent years, and new metabolic targets for pharmacological treatment of pathological angiogenesis are being proposed. In this work, we wanted to address experimental evidence of substrate (namely glucose, glutamine and palmitate) dependence in immortalized dermal microvascular endothelial cells in comparison to primary endothelial cells. In addition, due to the lack of information about lactate metabolism in this specific type of endothelial cells, we also checked their capability of utilizing extracellular lactate. For fulfilling these aims, proliferation, migration, Seahorse, substrate uptake/utilization, and mRNA/protein expression experiments were performed. Our results show a high glycolytic capacity of immortalized dermal microvascular endothelial cells, but an early independence of glucose for cell growth, whereas a total dependence of glutamine to proliferate was found. Additionally, in contrast with reported data in other endothelial cell lines, these cells lack monocarboxylate transporter 1 for extracellular lactate incorporation. Therefore, our results point to the change of certain metabolic features depending on the endothelial cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Carmen Ocaña
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana R Quesada
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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Faiena I, Ueno D, Shuch B. Glutamine and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Eur Urol 2019; 75:764-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Lao-On U, Attwood PV, Jitrapakdee S. Roles of pyruvate carboxylase in human diseases: from diabetes to cancers and infection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:237-247. [PMID: 29362846 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC), an anaplerotic enzyme, plays an essential role in various cellular metabolic pathways including gluconeogenesis, de novo fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis, and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Deregulation of PC expression or activity has long been known to be associated with metabolic syndrome in several rodent models. Accumulating data in the past decade clearly showed that deregulation of PC expression is associated with type 2 diabetes in humans, while targeted inhibition of PC expression in a mouse model reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in diet-induced type 2 diabetes. More recent studies also show that PC is strongly involved in tumorigenesis in several cancers, including breast, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, renal carcinoma, and gall bladder. Systems metabolomics analysis of these cancers identified pyruvate carboxylation as an essential metabolic hub that feeds carbon skeletons of downstream metabolites of oxaloacetate into the biosynthesis of various cellular components including membrane lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and the redox control. Inhibition or down-regulation of PC expression in several cancers markedly impairs their growth ex vivo and in vivo, drawing attention to PC as an anti-cancer target. PC has also exhibited a moonlight function by interacting with immune surveillance that can either promote or block viral infection. In certain pathogenic bacteria, PC is essential for infection, replication, and maintenance of their virulence phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udom Lao-On
- Gene Expression and Metabolic Science Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Paul V Attwood
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sarawut Jitrapakdee
- Gene Expression and Metabolic Science Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Zhang J, Peng X, Yuan A, Xie Y, Yang Q, Xue L. Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ mediates porcine placental angiogenesis through hypoxia inducible factor‑, vascular endothelial growth factor‑ and angiopoietin‑mediated signaling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2636-2644. [PMID: 28677792 PMCID: PMC5548051 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ has been reported to be implicated in placentation in mice. Previous studies have demonstrated that PPARγ is also expressed in porcine placenta, primarily localized in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). The present study aimed to investigate the roles of PPARγ during porcine placental angiogenesis and examine the molecular mechanisms involved in its actions. VECs were incubated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and the antagonist T0070907, and their angiogenic potential was evaluated using cellular impedance, wound healing and tube formation assays. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression levels of angiogenic factors, including hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms, VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) and angiopoietins (Angs). The results demonstrated that the adhesive, proliferative and migratory capabilities of VECs were potentiated by rosiglitazone and suppressed by T0070907. Notably, tube formation was invariably promoted during PPARγ activation and blockade. The mRNA expression levels of HIF1α, HIF2α, VEGFR2, VEGF188 and Ang-1 were revealed to be upregulated following treatment of VECs with rosiglitazone, whereas they were downregulated following treatment with T0070907. However, the mRNA expression levels of placental growth factor and VEGF120 were consistently downregulated following PPARγ activation and blockade, whereas VEGF164 mRNA levels remained unaltered. The results of the present study suggested that PPARγ may mediate porcine placental angiogenesis, by interfering with HIF-, VEGF- and angiopoietin-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juzuo Zhang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Anwen Yuan
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Xue
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
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Efficient generation of patient-matched malignant and normal primary cell cultures from clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients: clinically relevant models for research and personalized medicine. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:485. [PMID: 27422173 PMCID: PMC4947293 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have few therapeutic options, as ccRCC is unresponsive to chemotherapy and is highly resistant to radiation. Recently targeted therapies have extended progression-free survival, but responses are variable and no significant overall survival benefit has been achieved. Commercial ccRCC cell lines are often used as model systems to develop novel therapeutic approaches, but these do not accurately recapitulate primary ccRCC tumors at the genomic and transcriptional levels. Furthermore, ccRCC exhibits significant intertumor genetic heterogeneity, and the limited cell lines available fail to represent this aspect of ccRCC. Our objective was to generate accurate preclinical in vitro models of ccRCC using tumor tissues from ccRCC patients. METHODS ccRCC primary single cell suspensions were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing media or defined serum-free media. Established cultures were characterized by genomic verification of mutations present in the primary tumors, expression of renal epithelial markers, and transcriptional profiling. RESULTS The apparent efficiency of primary cell culture establishment was high in both culture conditions, but genotyping revealed that the majority of cultures contained normal, not cancer cells. ccRCC characteristically shows biallelic loss of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene, leading to accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and expression of HIF target genes. Purification of cells based on expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a cell surface HIF target, followed by culture in FBS enabled establishment of ccRCC cell cultures with an efficiency of >80 %. Culture in serum-free conditions selected for growth of normal renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Transcriptional profiling of ccRCC and matched normal cell cultures identified up- and down-regulated networks in ccRCC and comparison to The Cancer Genome Atlas confirmed the clinical validity of our cell cultures. CONCLUSIONS The ability to establish primary cultures of ccRCC cells and matched normal kidney epithelial cells from almost every patient provides a resource for future development of novel therapies and personalized medicine for ccRCC patients.
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Nam H, Jones D, Cooksey RC, Gao Y, Sink S, Cox J, McClain DA. Synergistic Inhibitory Effects of Hypoxia and Iron Deficiency on Hepatic Glucose Response in Mouse Liver. Diabetes 2016; 65:1521-33. [PMID: 26993063 PMCID: PMC4878425 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and iron both regulate metabolism through multiple mechanisms, including hypoxia-inducible transcription factors. The hypoxic effects on glucose disposal and glycolysis are well established, but less is known about the effects of hypoxia and iron deficiency on hepatic gluconeogenesis. We therefore assessed their effects on hepatic glucose production in mice. Weanling C57BL/6 male mice were fed an iron-deficient (4 ppm) or iron-adequate (35 ppm) diet for 14 weeks and were continued in normoxia or exposed to hypoxia (8% O2) for the last 4 weeks of that period. Hypoxic mice became hypoglycemic and displayed impaired hepatic glucose production after a pyruvate challenge, an effect accentuated by an iron-deficient diet. Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors under hypoxia resulted in most glucose being converted into lactate and not oxidized. Hepatic pyruvate concentrations were lower in hypoxic mice. The decreased hepatic pyruvate levels were not caused by increased utilization but rather were contributed to by decreased metabolism from gluconeogenic amino acids. Pyruvate carboxylase, which catalyzes the first step of gluconeogenesis, was also downregulated by hypoxia with iron deficiency. Hypoxia, and more so hypoxia with iron deficiency, results in hypoglycemia due to decreased levels of hepatic pyruvate and decreased pyruvate utilization for gluconeogenesis. These data highlight the role of iron levels as an important determinant of glucose metabolism in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Deborah Jones
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Robert C Cooksey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Sandy Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - James Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Donald A McClain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Minton DR, Fu L, Mongan NP, Shevchuk MM, Nanus DM, Gudas LJ. Role of NADH Dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) 1 Alpha Subcomplex 4-Like 2 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2791-801. [PMID: 26783287 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We delineated the functions of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) target NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and characterized NDUFA4L2 as a novel molecular target for ccRCC treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated normal kidney and ccRCC patient microarray and RNAseq data from Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas for NDUFA4L2 mRNA levels and the clinical implications of high NDUFA4L2 expression. In addition, we examined normal kidney and ccRCC patient tissue samples, human ccRCC cell lines, and murine models of ccRCC for NDUFA4L2 mRNA and protein expression. Utilizing short hairpin RNA, we performed NDUFA4L2 knockdown experiments and analyzed the proliferation, clonogenicity, metabolite levels, cell structure, and autophagy in ccRCC cell lines in culture. RESULTS We found that NDUFA4L2 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in ccRCC samples but undetectable in normal kidney tissue samples, and that NDUFA4L2 mRNA expression correlates with tumor stage and lower overall survival. In addition, we demonstrated that NDUFA4L2 is an HIF1α target in ccRCC and that NDUFA4L2 knockdown has a profound antiproliferative effect, alters metabolic pathways, and causes major stress in cultured RCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data show that NDUFA4L2 is a novel molecular target for ccRCC treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2791-801. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R Minton
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) of Cornell University, New York, New York. Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences-Pharmacology Program, WCMC, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Leiping Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Maria M Shevchuk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, WCMC of Cornell University, New York, New York. Meyer Cancer Center, WCMC of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - David M Nanus
- Meyer Cancer Center, WCMC of Cornell University, New York, New York. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology of the Department of Medicine, WCMC of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College (WCMC) of Cornell University, New York, New York. Meyer Cancer Center, WCMC of Cornell University, New York, New York.
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