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Muñoz SM, Vallejos-Baccelliere G, Manubens A, Salazar ML, Nascimento AFZ, Tapia-Reyes P, Meneses C, Ambrosio ALB, Becker MI, Guixé V, Castro-Fernandez V. Structural insights into a functional unit from an immunogenic mollusk hemocyanin. Structure 2024; 32:812-823.e4. [PMID: 38513659 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Mollusk hemocyanins, among the largest known proteins, are used as immunostimulants in biomedical and clinical applications. The hemocyanin of the Chilean gastropod Concholepas concholepas (CCH) exhibits unique properties, which makes it safe and effective for human immunotherapy, as observed in animal models of bladder cancer and melanoma, and dendritical cell vaccine trials. Despite its potential, the structure and amino acid sequence of CCH remain unknown. This study reports two sequence fragments of CCH, representing three complete functional units (FUs). We also determined the high-resolution (1.5 Å) X-ray crystal structure of an "FU-g type" from the CCHB subunit. This structure enables in-depth analysis of chemical interactions at the copper-binding center and unveils an unusual, truncated N-glycosylation pattern. These features are linked to eliciting more robust immunological responses in animals, offering insights into CCH's enhanced immunostimulatory properties and opening new avenues for its potential applications in biomedical research and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián M Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 780003, Chile
| | - Gabriel Vallejos-Baccelliere
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 780003, Chile
| | - Augusto Manubens
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Biosonda Corp., Santiago 7750629, Chile; Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750629, Chile
| | - Michelle L Salazar
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750629, Chile
| | - Andrey F Z Nascimento
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Patricio Tapia-Reyes
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8331150, Chile; Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Andre L B Ambrosio
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo 13563-120, Brazil
| | - María Inés Becker
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, Biosonda Corp., Santiago 7750629, Chile; Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago 7750629, Chile
| | - Victoria Guixé
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 780003, Chile.
| | - Victor Castro-Fernandez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 780003, Chile.
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Pasqualetto G, Mack A, Lewis E, Cooper R, Holland A, Borucu U, Mantell J, Davies T, Weckener M, Clare D, Green T, Kille P, Muhlhozl A, Young MT. CryoEM structure and Alphafold molecular modelling of a novel molluscan hemocyanin. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287294. [PMID: 37347755 PMCID: PMC10286996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemocyanins are multimeric oxygen transport proteins present in the blood of arthropods and molluscs, containing up to 8 oxygen-binding functional units per monomer. In molluscs, hemocyanins are assembled in decamer 'building blocks' formed of 5 dimer 'plates', routinely forming didecamer or higher-order assemblies with d5 or c5 symmetry. Here we describe the cryoEM structures of the didecamer (20-mer) and tridecamer (30-mer) forms of a novel hemocyanin from the slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata (SLH) at 7.0 and 4.7 Å resolution respectively. We show that two decamers assemble in a 'tail-tail' configuration, forming a partially capped cylinder, with an additional decamer adding on in 'head-tail' configuration to make the tridecamer. Analysis of SLH samples shows substantial heterogeneity, suggesting the presence of many higher-order multimers including tetra- and pentadecamers, formed by successive addition of decamers in head-tail configuration. Retrieval of sequence data for a full-length isoform of SLH enabled the use of Alphafold to produce a molecular model of SLH, which indicated the formation of dimer slabs with high similarity to those found in keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The fit of the molecular model to the cryoEM density was excellent, showing an overall structure where the final two functional units of the subunit (FU-g and FU-h) form the partial cap at one end of the decamer, and permitting analysis of the subunit interfaces governing the assembly of tail-tail and head-tail decamer interactions as well as potential sites for N-glycosylation. Our work contributes to the understanding of higher-order oligomer formation in molluscan hemocyanins and demonstrates the utility of Alphafold for building accurate structural models of large oligomeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pasqualetto
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mack
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Lewis
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Cooper
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Holland
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ufuk Borucu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Mantell
- Faculty of Life Sciences, GW4 Facility for High-Resolution Electron Cryo-Microscopy, Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Davies
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Weckener
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Structural Biology, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Clare
- Electron Bioimaging Centre, Diamond Light Source, Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Green
- Advanced Research Computing at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark T. Young
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhou H, Chen X, Aweya JJ, Zhao Y, Yao D, Zhang Y. Interaction of Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin and α2-macroglobulin modulates the phenoloxidase activity. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:181-187. [PMID: 34450346 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prophenoloxidase (proPO)-activating system is a critical innate immune defense in invertebrates. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating the phenoloxidase (PO) activity in shrimp hemolymph remain ill-defined. Our previous studies showed that Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin (HMC) and α2-macroglobulin (α2M), two key regulators of proPO-activating system in plasma, might interact with each other, indicating that this interaction could be implicated in controlling PO activity. Herein, we further confirmed that HMC specifically bind to α2M using Pull down and Far-Western blot analyses. Further studies demonstrated that HMC could directly interact with the receptor binding domain of α2M. In addition, HMC and α2M followed similar expression pattern upon Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, suggesting the interaction of HMC and α2M might have a role in immune response. Finally, we found that α2M, as a broad-spectrum proteinase inhibitor, suppressed the serum PO activity in vitro, while hemocyanin could partially restore this inhibitory effect. In sum, the present data indicate that HMC interacts with α2M and therefore modulates the PO activity. This finding contributes to better understanding of stable state maintenance of PO activity in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xibin Chen
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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Abstract
Instead of the red blood of vertebrates, most molluscs have blue hemolymph containing hemocyanin, a type-3 copper-containing protein. The hemoglobin of vertebrate blood is replaced in most molluscs with hemocyanin, which plays the role of an oxygen transporter. Oxygen-binding in hemocyanin changes its hue from colorless deoxygenated hemocyanin into blue oxygenated hemocyanin. Molecules of molluscan hemocyanin are huge, cylindrical multimeric proteins-one of the largest protein molecules in the natural world. Their huge molecular weight (from 3.3 MDa to more than 10 MDa) are the defining characteristic of molluscan hemocyanin, a property that has complicated structural analysis of the molecules for a long time. Recently, the structural analysis of a cephalopod (squid) hemocyanin has succeeded using a hybrid method employing both X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM. In a biochemical breakthrough for molluscan hemocyanin, the first quaternary structure with atomic resolution is on the verge of solving the mystery of molluscan hemocyanin. Here we describe the latest information about the molecular structure, classification and evolution of the molecule, and the physiology of molluscan hemocyanin.
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Abstract
The copper-containing hemocyanins are proteins responsible for the binding, transportation and storage of dioxygen within the blood (hemolymph) of many invertebrates. Several additional functions have been attributed to both arthropod and molluscan hemocyanins, including (but not limited to) enzymatic activity (namely phenoloxidase), hormone transport, homeostasis (ecdysis) and hemostasis (clot formation). An important secondary function of hemocyanin involves aspects of innate immunity-such as acting as a precursor of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides and microbial/viral agglutination. In this chapter, we present the reader with an up-to-date synthesis of the known functions of hemocyanins and the structural features that facilitate such activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Coates
- Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Elisa M Costa-Paiva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tanaka Y, Kato S, Stabrin M, Raunser S, Matsui T, Gatsogiannis C. Cryo-EM reveals the asymmetric assembly of squid hemocyanin. IUCRJ 2019; 6:426-437. [PMID: 31098023 PMCID: PMC6503924 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251900321x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen transporter of molluscs, hemocyanin, consists of long pearl-necklace-like subunits of several globular domains. The subunits assemble in a complex manner to form cylindrical decamers. Typically, the first six domains of each subunit assemble together to form the cylinder wall, while the C-terminal domains form a collar that fills or caps the cylinder. During evolution, various molluscs have been able to fine-tune their oxygen binding by deleting or adding C-terminal domains and adjusting their inner-collar architecture. However, squids have duplicated one of the wall domains of their subunits instead. Here, using cryo-EM and an optimized refinement protocol implemented in SPHIRE, this work tackled the symmetry-mismatched structure of squid hemocyanin, revealing the precise effect of this duplication on its quaternary structure and providing a potential model for its structural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sanae Kato
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Markus Stabrin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Structural Biochemistry, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Structural Biochemistry, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Structural Biochemistry, Otto Hahn Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany
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Yao T, Zhao MM, He J, Han T, Peng W, Zhang H, Wang JY, Jiang JZ. Gene expression and phenoloxidase activities of hemocyanin isoforms in response to pathogen infections in abalone Haliotis diversicolor. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:538-551. [PMID: 30731165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemocyanins (Hc), the main protein components of hemolymph in invertebrates, are not only involved in oxygen transport but also linked to non-specific immune responses. In this study, we used abalone (Haliotis diversicolor) Hc to study the basis of its diversified functions through gene, protein, peptides, and phenoloxidase (PO) activity levels. Three complete hemocyanin gene (HdH) sequences were cloned for the first time. By comparing the copies and location of HdH between abalone and other mollusks, we propose that Hc gene duplication and linkage is likely to be common during the evolution of mollusk respiratory proteins. We further demonstrate that all three genes could be expressed in abalone, with expression varying based on the developmental stages, tissue types, and different pathogen infections. However, HdH1 and HdH2 appear to be synthesized by the same cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Furthermore, the PO activity of HdH can be induced by trypsin, urea, and SDS in vitro. Viral infection can stimulate its PO activity in vivo by cleaving the protein into fragments. Consequently, we present a comprehensive study of abalone hemocyanin, providing important evidence for an in-depth understanding of the physiological and immune functions of Hc in mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Man-Man Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China; Novoprotein Scientific Inc., Wujiang, Jiangsu 215200, PR China
| | - Jian He
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Wen Peng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Jiang-Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China
| | - Jing-Zhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, PR China.
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Kato S, Matsui T, Gatsogiannis C, Tanaka Y. Molluscan hemocyanin: structure, evolution, and physiology. Biophys Rev 2017; 10:191-202. [PMID: 29235083 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most molluscs have blue blood because their respiratory molecule is hemocyanin, a type-3 copper-binding protein that turns blue upon oxygen binding. Molluscan hemocyanins are huge cylindrical multimeric glycoproteins that are found freely dissolved in the hemolymph. With molecular masses ranging from 3.3 to 13.5 MDa, molluscan hemocyanins are among the largest known proteins. They form decamers or multi-decamers of 330- to 550-kDa subunits comprising more than seven paralogous functional units. Based on the organization of functional domains, they assemble to form decamers, di-decamers, and tri-decamers. Their structure has been investigated using a combination of single particle electron cryo-microsopy of the entire structure and high-resolution X-ray crystallography of the functional unit, although, the one exception is squid hemocyanin for which a crystal structure analysis of the entire molecule has been carried out. In this review, we explain the molecular characteristics of molluscan hemocyanin mainly from the structural viewpoint, in which the structure of the functional unit, architecture of the huge cylindrical multimer, relationship between the composition of the functional unit and entire tertiary structure, and possible functions of the carbohydrates are introduced. We also discuss the evolutionary implications and physiological significance of molluscan hemocyanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Kato
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan.
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan. .,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Li S, Zhang J, She T, Yan J, Bian Y, Li H. Identification of the major allergenic epitopes of Eriocheir sinensis roe hemocyanin: A novel tool for food allergy diagnoses. Mol Immunol 2016; 74:125-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Crystal Structure of the 3.8-MDa Respiratory Supermolecule Hemocyanin at 3.0 Å Resolution. Structure 2015; 23:2204-2212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Matsuno A, Gai Z, Tanaka M, Kato K, Kato S, Katoh T, Shimizu T, Yoshioka T, Kishimura H, Tanaka Y, Yao M. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of a 3.8-MDa respiratory supermolecule hemocyanin. J Struct Biol 2015; 190:379-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhuang J, Coates CJ, Zhu H, Zhu P, Wu Z, Xie L. Identification of candidate antimicrobial peptides derived from abalone hemocyanin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 49:96-102. [PMID: 25445903 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemocyanins present in invertebrate hemolymph are multifunctional proteins, responsible for oxygen transport and contributing to innate immunity through phenoloxidase-like activity. In arthropods, hemocyanin has been identified as a source of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides during infection. Conversely, no hemocyanin-derived antimicrobial peptides have been reported for molluscs. The present study describes a putative antimicrobial region, termed haliotisin, located within the linking sequence between the α-helical domain and β-sheet domain of abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) hemocyanin functional unit E. A series of synthetic peptides based on overlapping fragments of the haliotisin region were tested for their bactericidal potential. Incubating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the presence of certain haliotisin peptides, notably peptides 3-4-5 (DTFDYKKFGYRYDSLELEGRSISRIDELIQQRQEKDRTFAGFLLKGFGTSAS) led to reductions in microbial growth. Furthermore, transmission electron micrographs of haliotisin-treated bacteria revealed damages to the microbial cell wall. Data discussed here provides the first evidence to suggest that molluscan hemocyanin may act as a source of anti-infective peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Christopher J Coates
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, United Kingdom.
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Fujian Provincial key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lianhui Xie
- Fujian Provincial key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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