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Banerjee S, Ansari AA, Upadhyay SP, Mettman DJ, Hibdon JR, Quadir M, Ghosh P, Kambhampati A, Banerjee SK. Benefits and Pitfalls of a Glycosylation Inhibitor Tunicamycin in the Therapeutic Implication of Cancers. Cells 2024; 13:395. [PMID: 38474359 PMCID: PMC10930662 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer progression and chemoresistance. It is also an immune therapeutic target for various cancers. Tunicamycin (TM) is one of the potent nucleoside antibiotics and an inhibitor of aberrant glycosylation in various cancer cells, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer, parallel with the inhibition of cancer cell growth and progression of tumors. Like chemotherapies such as doxorubicin (DOX), 5'fluorouracil, etoposide, and cisplatin, TM induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) by blocking aberrant glycosylation. Consequently, stress is induced in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that promotes apoptosis. TM can thus be considered a potent antitumor drug in various cancers and may promote chemosensitivity. However, its lack of cell-type-specific cytotoxicity impedes its anticancer efficacy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the benefits and pitfalls of TM therapies in various cancers, including breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers, and discuss the mechanisms identified by which TM functions. Finally, we discuss the potential use of nano-based drug delivery systems to overcome non-specific toxicity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TM as a targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Affan A. Ansari
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Sunil P. Upadhyay
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Daniel J. Mettman
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Pathology Department, City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Jamie R. Hibdon
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (M.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Pratyusha Ghosh
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (M.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Anjali Kambhampati
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Sushanta K. Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.A.A.); (S.P.U.); (D.J.M.); (J.R.H.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Jemelkova J, Stuchlova Horynova M, Kosztyu P, Zachova K, Zadrazil J, Galuszkova D, Takahashi K, Novak J, Raska M. GalNAc-T14 may Contribute to Production of Galactose-Deficient Immunoglobulin A1, the Main Autoantigen in IgA Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:1068-1075. [PMID: 37180502 PMCID: PMC10166743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.02.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) with galactose-deficient O-glycans (Gd-IgA1) play a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Mucosal-tissue infections increase IL-6 production and, in patients with IgAN, are often associated with macroscopic hematuria. IgA1-secreting cell lines derived from the circulation of patients with IgAN, compared to those of healthy controls (HCs), produce more IgA1 that has O-glycans with terminal or sialylated N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc). GalNAc residues are added to IgA1 hinge region by some of the 20 GalNAc transferases, the O-glycosylation-initiating enzymes. Expression of GALNT2, encoding GalNAc-T2, the main enzyme initiating IgA1 O-glycosylation, is similar in cells derived from patients with IgAN and HCs. In this report, we extend our observations of GALNT14 overexpression in IgA1-producing cell lines from patients with IgAN. Methods GALNT14 expression was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with IgAN and from HCs. Moreover, the effect of GALNT14 overexpression or knock-down on Gd-IgA1 production in Dakiki cells was assessed. Results GALNT14 was overexpressed in PBMCs from patients with IgAN. IL-6 increased GALNT14 expression in PBMCs from patients with IgAN and HCs. We used IgA1-producing cell line Dakiki, a previously reported model of Gd-IgA1-producing cells, and showed that overexpression of GalNAc-T14 enhanced galactose deficiency of IgA1, whereas siRNA-mediated GalNAc-T14 knock-down reduced it. GalNAc-T14 was localized in trans-Golgi network, as expected. Conclusions Overexpression of GALNT14 due to inflammatory signals during mucosal infections may contribute to overproduction of Gd-IgA1 in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Jemelkova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Stuchlova Horynova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kosztyu
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Zachova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zadrazil
- Department of Internal Medicine III Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Galuszkova
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Chen Z, Yu H, Chen X, Chen W, Song W, Li Z. Mutual regulation between glycosylation and transforming growth factor-β isoforms signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123818. [PMID: 36858092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily members orchestrate a wide breadth of biological processes. Through Sma and Mad (Smad)-related dependent or noncanonical pathways, TGF-β members involve in the occurrence and development of many diseases such as cancers, fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and brain diseases. Glycosylation is one kind of the most common posttranslational modifications on proteins or lipids. Abnormal protein glycosylation can lead to protein malfunction and biological process disorder, thereby causing serious diseases. Previously, researchers commonly make comprehensive systematic overviews on the roles of TGF-β signaling in a specific disease or biological process. In recent years, more and more evidences associate glycosylation modification with TGF-β signaling pathway, and we can no longer disengage and ignore the roles of glycosylation from TGF-β signaling to make investigation. In this review, we provide an overview of current findings involved in glycosylation within TGF-βs and theirs receptors, and the interaction effects between glycosylation and TGF-β subfamily signaling, concluding that there is an intricate mutual regulation between glycosylation and TGF-β signaling, hoping to present the glycosylation regulatory patterns that concealed in TGF-βs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Hanjie Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xiangqin Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Wentian Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Wanghua Song
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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Development of an enrichment-free one-pot sample preparation and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to identify Immunoglobulin A1 hinge region O-glycoforms for Immunoglobulin A nephropathy. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ohyama Y, Yamaguchi H, Ogata S, Chiurlia S, Cox SN, Kouri NM, Stangou MJ, Nakajima K, Hayashi H, Inaguma D, Hasegawa M, Yuzawa Y, Tsuboi N, Renfrow MB, Novak J, Papagianni AA, Schena FP, Takahashi K. Racial heterogeneity of IgA1 hinge-region O-glycoforms in patients with IgA nephropathy. iScience 2022; 25:105223. [PMID: 36277451 PMCID: PMC9583103 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Galactose (Gal)-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) is involved in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) pathogenesis. To reflect racial differences in clinical characteristics, we assessed disease- and race-specific heterogeneity in the O-glycosylation of the IgA1 hinge region (HR). We determined serum Gd-IgA1 levels in Caucasians (healthy controls [HCs], n = 31; IgAN patients, n = 63) and Asians (HCs, n = 20; IgAN patients, n = 60) and analyzed profiles of serum IgA1 HR O-glycoforms. Elevated serum Gd-IgA1 levels and reduced number of Gal residues per HR were observed in Caucasians. Reduced number of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues per HR and elevated relative abundance of IgA1 with three HR O-glycans were common features in IgAN patients; these features were associated with elevated blood pressure and reduced renal function. We speculate that the mechanisms underlying the reduced GalNAc content in IgA1 HR may be relevant to IgAN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ohyama
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Department of Nursing, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi, Mie 512-8045, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Samantha Chiurlia
- University of Bari and Schena Foundation, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Sharon N. Cox
- University of Bari and Schena Foundation, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Nikoletta-Maria Kouri
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
| | - Maria J. Stangou
- Department of Nephrology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54642, Greece
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Institute for Glyco-core Research, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Daijo Inaguma
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Midori Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yukio Yuzawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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New Insights into the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases: When Mechanisms Become Vivid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073525. [PMID: 35408886 PMCID: PMC8998908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for glomerular diseases has been extrapolated from the experience of other autoimmune disorders while the underlying pathogenic mechanisms were still not well understood. As the classification of glomerular diseases was based on patterns of juries instead of mechanisms, treatments were typically the art of try and error. With the advancement of molecular biology, the role of the immune agent in glomerular diseases is becoming more evident. The four-hit theory based on the discovery of gd-IgA1 gives a more transparent outline of the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and dysregulation of Treg plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of minimal change disease (MCD). An epoch-making breakthrough is the discovery of PLA2R antibodies in the primary membranous nephropathy (pMN). This is the first biomarker applied for precision medicine in kidney disease. Understanding the immune system’s role in glomerular diseases allows the use of various immunosuppressants or other novel treatments, such as complement inhibitors, to treat glomerular diseases more reasonable. In this era of advocating personalized medicine, it is inevitable to develop precision medicine with mechanism-based novel biomarkers and novel therapies in kidney disease.
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Ohyama Y, Renfrow MB, Novak J, Takahashi K. Aberrantly Glycosylated IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy: What We Know and What We Don't Know. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163467. [PMID: 34441764 PMCID: PMC8396900 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide, is characterized by glomerular deposition of IgA1-containing immune complexes. The IgA1 hinge region (HR) has up to six clustered O-glycans consisting of Ser/Thr-linked N-acetylgalactosamine usually with β1,3-linked galactose and variable sialylation. Circulating levels of IgA1 with abnormally O-glycosylated HR, termed galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1), are increased in patients with IgAN. Current evidence suggests that IgAN is induced by multiple sequential pathogenic steps, and production of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 is considered the initial step. Thus, the mechanisms of biosynthesis of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 and the involvement of aberrant glycoforms of IgA1 in disease development have been studied. Furthermore, Gd-IgA1 represents an attractive biomarker for IgAN, and its clinical significance is still being evaluated. To elucidate the pathogenesis of IgAN, it is important to deconvolute the biosynthetic origins of Gd-IgA1 and characterize the pathogenic IgA1 HR O-glycoform(s), including the glycan structures and their sites of attachment. These efforts will likely lead to development of new biomarkers. Here, we review the IgA1 HR O-glycosylation in general and the role of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 in the pathogenesis of IgAN in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Ohyama
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.B.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Jan Novak
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (M.B.R.); (J.N.)
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(562)-93-2430; Fax: +81-(562)-93-1830
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Hansen AL, Reily C, Novak J, Renfrow MB. Immunoglobulin A Glycosylation and Its Role in Disease. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:433-477. [PMID: 34687019 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human IgA is comprised of two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2. Monomeric IgA (mIgA), polymeric IgA (pIgA), and secretory IgA (SIgA) are the main molecular forms of IgA. The production of IgA rivals all other immunoglobulin isotypes. The large quantities of IgA reflect the fundamental roles it plays in immune defense, protecting vulnerable mucosal surfaces against invading pathogens. SIgA dominates mucosal surfaces, whereas IgA in circulation is predominately monomeric. All forms of IgA are glycosylated, and the glycans significantly influence its various roles, including antigen binding and the antibody effector functions, mediated by the Fab and Fc portions, respectively. In contrast to its protective role, the aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and IgA vasculitis with nephritis (IgAVN). Furthermore, detailed characterization of IgA glycosylation, including its diverse range of heterogeneity, is of emerging interest. We provide an overview of the glycosylation observed for each subclass and molecular form of IgA as well as the range of heterogeneity for each site of glycosylation. In many ways, the role of IgA glycosylation is in its early stages of being elucidated. This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin Reily
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Stewart TJ, Takahashi K, Xu N, Prakash A, Brown R, Raska M, Renfrow MB, Novak J. Quantitative assessment of successive carbohydrate additions to the clustered O-glycosylation sites of IgA1 by glycosyltransferases. Glycobiology 2020; 31:540-556. [PMID: 33295603 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin-type O-glycosylation occurs on many proteins that transit the Golgi apparatus. These glycans impact structure and function of many proteins and have important roles in cellular biosynthetic processes, signaling and differentiation. Although recent technological advances have enhanced our ability to profile glycosylation of glycoproteins, limitations in the understanding of the biosynthesis of these glycan structures remain. Some of these limitations stem from the difficulty to track the biosynthetic process of mucin-type O-glycosylation, especially when glycans occur in dense clusters in repeat regions of proteins, such as the mucins or immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1). Here, we describe a series of nano-liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) analyses that demonstrate the range of glycosyltransferase enzymatic activities involved in the biosynthesis of clustered O-glycans on IgA1. By utilizing nano-LC-MS relative quantitation of in vitro reaction products, our results provide unique insights into the biosynthesis of clustered IgA1 O-glycans. We have developed a workflow to determine glycoform-specific apparent rates of a human UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltrasnfersase (GalNAc-T EC 2.4.1.41) and demonstrated how pre-existing glycans affect subsequent activity of glycosyltransferases, such as core 1 galactosyltransferase and α2,3- and α2,6-specific sialyltransferases, in successive additions in the biosynthesis of clustered O-glycans. In the context of IgA1, these results have potential to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, an autoimmune renal disease involving aberrant IgA1 O-glycosylation. In a broader sense, these methods and workflows are applicable to the studies of the concerted and competing functions of other glycosyltransferases that initiate and extend mucin-type core 1 clustered O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th Street South, KAUL 524, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Aichi, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Management, Information Systems & Quantitative Methods, 710 13th Street South, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Amol Prakash
- Optys Tech Corporation, Shrewsbury, MA 01545, USA
| | - Rhubell Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Palacky University and University Hospital, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th Street South, KAUL 524, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th Street South, BBRB 761A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
The understanding of the pathogenesis of any disease is the key to effective and specific treatment of the disease. immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is an autoimmune disease of the kidney. Oxford MEST classification is commonly used to stratify patients according to the severity of the disease. Patients with IgA nephropathy seem to produce anti-GalNAc antibodies against a particularly defective IgA1. This immune complex deposits in the kidneys, leading to a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction which ultimately damages the kidneys. People of a certain genetic background and who experience upregulation of certain defective receptors seem to develop primary IgA nephropathy. Secondary IgA nephropathy could be due to dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gut, compromised gut immunity or other gut pathologies, pulmonary function abnormalities, or amyloidosis. Overproduction of IgA due to plasma cell dyscrasia or reduced clearance of IgA due to liver abnormalities could also be potential causes. Genes that predispose individuals to IgA nephropathy and intestinal abnormalities, such as Celiac disease, seem to overlap and these people tend to have a poorer prognosis and need to be placed on more intensive treatment regimens. IgA Vasculitis seems to be a systemic form of IgA nephropathy, whereby IgA deposits systemically and leads to multiple disease manifestations. Patients in high-risk groups could also be prophylactically screened for the disease and closely monitored by immunohistochemical methods such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or identified by genetic testing. Currently, the major treatment regimens involve supportive therapy or immunosuppressive therapy which has major side effects. More specific treatment methods such as monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, or low-antigen-content diet could also be looked into as potential treatment options. Stem cell replacement, by way of bone marrow transplant and tonsillectomy, has been suggested as a treatment option in patients with indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima C Stanley
- Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CHN
| | - Hong Deng
- Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, CHN
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Analysis of O-glycoforms of the IgA1 hinge region by sequential deglycosylation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:671. [PMID: 31959827 PMCID: PMC6971281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A common renal disease, immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN), is associated with glomerular deposition of IgA1-containing immune complexes. IgA1 hinge region (HR) has up to six clustered O-glycans consisting of Ser/Thr-linked N-acetylgalactosamine with β1,3-linked galactose and variable sialylation. IgA1 glycoforms with some galactose-deficient (Gd) HR O-glycans play a key role in IgAN pathogenesis. The clustered and variable O-glycans make the IgA1 glycomic analysis challenging and better approaches are needed. Here, we report a comprehensive analytical workflow for IgA1 HR O-glycoform analysis. We combined an automated quantitative analysis of the HR O-glycopeptide profiles with sequential deglycosylation to remove all but Gd O-glycans from the HR. The workflow was tested using serum IgA1 from healthy subjects. Twelve variants of glycopeptides corresponding to the HR with three to six O-glycans were detected; nine glycopeptides carried up to three Gd O-glycans. Sites with Gd O-glycans were unambiguously identified by electron-transfer/higher-energy collision dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Extracted ion chromatograms of isomeric glycoforms enabled quantitative assignment of Gd sites. The most frequent Gd site was T236, followed by S230, T233, T228, and S232. The new workflow for quantitative profiling of IgA1 HR O-glycoforms with site-specific resolution will enable identification of pathogenic IgA1 HR O-glycoforms in IgAN.
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12
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Maixnerova D, Ling C, Hall S, Reily C, Brown R, Neprasova M, Suchanek M, Honsova E, Zima T, Novak J, Tesar V. Galactose-deficient IgA1 and the corresponding IgG autoantibodies predict IgA nephropathy progression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212254. [PMID: 30794576 PMCID: PMC6386256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, has serious outcomes with end-stage renal disease developing in 30–50% of patients. The diagnosis requires renal biopsy. Due to its inherent risks, non-invasive approaches are needed. Methods We evaluated 91 Czech patients with biopsy-proven IgAN who were assessed at time of diagnosis for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and hypertension, and then followed prospectively. Serum samples collected at diagnosis were analyzed for galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) using new native-IgA1 and established neuraminidase-treated-IgA1 tests, Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies, discriminant analysis and logistic regression model assessed correlations with renal function and Oxford classification (MEST score). Results Serum levels of native (P <0.005) and neuraminidase-treated (P <0.005) Gd-IgA1 were associated with the rate of eGFR decline. A higher relative degree of galactose deficiency in native serum IgA1 predicted a faster eGFR decline and poor renal survival (P <0.005). However, Gd-IgA1 has not differentiated patients with low vs. high baseline eGFR. Furthermore, patients with high baseline eGFR that was maintained during follow-up were characterized by low serum levels of Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies (P = 0.003). Conclusions Including levels of native and neuraminidase-treated Gd-IgA1 and Gd-IgA1-specific autoantibodies at diagnosis may aid in the prognostication of disease progression in Czech patients with IgAN. Future tests will assess utility of these biomarkers in larger patients cohorts from geographically distinct areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Maixnerova
- General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Department of Nephrology, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Chunyan Ling
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Stacy Hall
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Rhubell Brown
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Michaela Neprasova
- General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Department of Nephrology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Suchanek
- Jan Evangelista Purkyne University in Ústí nad Labem, Faculty of Environment, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Honsova
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Pathology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Zima
- General Teaching Hospital, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Tesar
- General Teaching Hospital, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Department of Nephrology, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Plomp R, de Haan N, Bondt A, Murli J, Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Comparative Glycomics of Immunoglobulin A and G From Saliva and Plasma Reveals Biomarker Potential. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2436. [PMID: 30405629 PMCID: PMC6206042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, the major antibody in the circulation of human adults, is well known for its influence on antibody effector functions and its alterations with various diseases. In contrast, knowledge on the role of glycans attached to IgA, which is a key immune defense agent in secretions, is very scarce. In this study we aimed to characterize the glycosylation of salivary (secretory) IgA, including the IgA joining chain (JC), and secretory component (SC) and to compare IgA and IgG glycosylation between human plasma and saliva samples to gain a first insight into oral cavity-specific antibody glycosylation. Plasma and whole saliva were collected from 19 healthy volunteers within a 2-h time window. IgG and IgA were affinity-purified from the two biofluids, followed by tryptic digestion and nanoLC-ESI-QTOF-MS(/MS) analysis. Saliva-derived IgG exhibited a slightly lower galactosylation and sialylation as compared to plasma-derived IgG. Glycosylation of IgA1, IgA2, and the JC showed substantial differences between the biofluids, with salivary proteins exhibiting a higher bisection, and lower galactosylation and sialylation as compared to plasma-derived IgA and JC. Additionally, all seven N-glycosylation sites, characterized on the SC of secretory IgA in saliva, carried highly fucosylated and fully galactosylated diantennary N-glycans. This study lays the basis for future research into the functional role of salivary Ig glycosylation as well as its biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Plomp
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jayshri Murli
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Viktoria Dotz
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
IgA nephropathy, the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world and a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease, is characterized by typical mesangial deposits of IgA1, as described by Berger and Hinglaise in 1968. Since then, it has been discovered that aberrant IgA1 O-glycosylation is involved in disease pathogenesis. Progress in glycomic, genomic, clinical, analytical, and biochemical studies has shown autoimmune features of IgA nephropathy. The autoimmune character of the disease is explained by a multihit pathogenesis model, wherein overproduction of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1, galactose-deficient in some O-glycans, by IgA1-secreting cells leads to increased levels of circulatory galactose-deficient IgA1. These glycoforms induce production of autoantibodies that subsequently bind hinge-region of galactose-deficient IgA1 molecules, resulting in the formation of nephritogenic immune complexes. Some of these complexes deposit in the kidney, activate mesangial cells, and incite glomerular injury. Thus, galactose-deficient IgA1 is central to the disease process. In this article, we review studies concerning IgA1 O-glycosylation that have contributed to the current understanding of the role of IgA1 in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL..
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.; Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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15
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Reily C, Rizk DV, Julian BA, Novak J. Assay for galactose-deficient IgA1 enables mechanistic studies with primary cells from IgA nephropathy patients. Biotechniques 2018; 65:71-77. [PMID: 30091383 PMCID: PMC6152805 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS IgA nephropathy, the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, is characterized by glomerular deposition of galactose-deficient IgA1 and elevated serum levels of this IgA1 glycoform. Current ELISA methods lack sensitivity to assess galactose deficiency using small amounts of IgA1, which limits studies in primary cells due to modest IgA1 production in isolated peripheral-blood lymphocytes. METHODS Lectin from Helix pomatia was conjugated to biotin or acridinium ester and used in ELISA to detect galactose deficiency of IgA1 using small amounts of IgA1. RESULTS Lectin conjugated to acridinium had an approximately a log-fold increased sensitivity compared with biotin-labeled lectin. CONCLUSIONS The new method of using lectin from Helix pomatia conjugated to acridinium increased assay sensitivity, allowing future mechanistic studies with cultured primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reily
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dana V Rizk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A Julian
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Microbiology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Microbiology, Birmingham, AL, USA
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16
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Everest-Dass AV, Moh ESX, Ashwood C, Shathili AMM, Packer NH. Human disease glycomics: technology advances enabling protein glycosylation analysis - part 2. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29521143 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1448710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The changes in glycan structures have been attributed to disease states for several decades. The surface glycosylation pattern is a signature of physiological state of a cell. In this review we provide a link between observed substructural glycan changes and a range of diseases. Areas covered: We highlight biologically relevant glycan substructure expression in cancer, inflammation, neuronal diseases and diabetes. Furthermore, the alterations in antibody glycosylation in a disease context are described. Expert commentary: Advances in technologies, as described in Part 1 of this review have now enabled the characterization of specific glycan structural markers of a range of disease states. The requirement of including glycomics in cross-disciplinary omics studies, such as genomics, proteomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics towards a systems glycobiology approach to understanding disease mechanisms and management are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Christopher Ashwood
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Abdulrahman M M Shathili
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
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17
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Bjelosevic S, Pascovici D, Ping H, Karlaftis V, Zaw T, Song X, Molloy MP, Monagle P, Ignjatovic V. Quantitative Age-specific Variability of Plasma Proteins in Healthy Neonates, Children and Adults. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:924-935. [PMID: 28336724 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.066720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human blood plasma is a complex biological fluid containing soluble proteins, sugars, hormones, electrolytes, and dissolved gasses. As plasma interacts with a wide array of bodily systems, changes in protein expression, or the presence or absence of specific proteins are regularly used in the clinic as a molecular biomarker tool. A large body of literature exists detailing proteomic changes in pathologic contexts, however little research has been conducted on the quantitation of the plasma proteome in age-specific, healthy subjects, especially in pediatrics. In this study, we utilized SWATH-MS to identify and quantify proteins in the blood plasma of healthy neonates, infants under 1 year of age, children between 1-5 years, and adults. We identified more than 100 proteins that showed significant differential expression levels across these age groups, and we analyzed variation in protein expression across the age spectrum. The plasma proteomic profiles of neonates were strikingly dissimilar to the older children and adults. By extracting the SWATH data against a large human spectral library we increased protein identification more than 6-fold (940 proteins) and confirmed the concentrations of several of these using ELISA. The results of this study map the variation in expression of proteins and pathways often implicated in disease, and so have significant clinical implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bjelosevic
- From the ‡Hematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,§Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- ¶Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Hui Ping
- From the ‡Hematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,§Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vasiliki Karlaftis
- From the ‡Hematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thiri Zaw
- ¶Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Song
- ¶Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- ¶Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- From the ‡Hematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.,§Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- From the ‡Hematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; .,§Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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18
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Xiao J, Wang M, Xiong D, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhou J, Chen Q. TGF-β1 mimics the effect of IL-4 on the glycosylation of IgA1 by downregulating core 1 β1, 3-galactosyltransferase and Cosmc. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:969-974. [PMID: 28035353 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant glycosylation of IgA1 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) on the glycosylation of IgA1 and the associated mechanism. The mRNA levels of core1 β1, 3-galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc, were analyzed, as was the subsequent O-glycosylation of IgA1, in a human B‑cell line stimulated with TGF‑β1. The IgA1‑positive human B‑cell line was cultured with different concentrations of recombinant human TGF‑β1 (5, 10, 15 and 30 ng/ml). The production and glycosylation of IgA1 were assayed using sandwich ELISA and enzyme‑linked lectin binding assays, respectively, and the mRNA levels of C1GalT1 and Cosmc were quantified using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that the production of IgA1 was stimulated by low concentrations of TGF‑β1 (5 or 10 ng/ml) and was suppressed by high concentrations (15 or 30 ng/ml). The terminal glycosylation of secreted IgA1 was altered in response to TGF‑β1. TGF‑β1 stimulation significantly decreased the mRNA levels of C1GalT1 and Cosmc. TGF‑β1 may be key in controlling the glycosylation of IgA1, in part via the downregulation of C1GalT1 and Cosmc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Manting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Xiong
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330096, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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19
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Dicker M, Maresch D, Strasser R. Glyco-engineering for the production of recombinant IgA1 with distinct mucin-type O-glycans in plants. Bioengineered 2016; 7:484-489. [PMID: 27333379 PMCID: PMC5241791 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1201251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common autoimmune disease that is characterized by formation and deposition of IgA1-containing immune complexes frequently leading to end-stage kidney disease. The IgA1 in these immune complexes carries aberrantly glycosylated O-glycans. In circulating IgA1 these galactose-deficient mucin-type O-glycans are bound by autoantibodies and thus, contribute to immune complex formation and pathogenesis. Even though the disease is associated with the overproduction of aberrant O-glycans on IgA1, specific structure-function-studies of mucin-type O-glycans are limited. Compared to other expression hosts, plants offer the opportunity for de novo synthesis of O-glycans on recombinant glycoproteins as they are lacking the mammalian O-glycosylation pathway. Recently, we demonstrated that Nicotiana benthamiana are suitable for the generation of distinct O-glycans on recombinant IgA1. Here, we expand our engineering repertoire by in planta generation of galactose-deficient and α2,6-sialylated O-glycans which are the prevailing glycans detected on IgA1 from patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dicker
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Xie YX, He LY, Chen X, Peng XF, Ye MY, Zhao YJ, Yan WZ, Liu C, Shao J, Peng YM. Potential diagnostic biomarkers for IgA nephropathy: a comparative study pre- and post-tonsillectomy. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1855-1861. [PMID: 27465795 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The proteins BAFF, ST6GALNAC2, C1GALT1, and COSMC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma levels of IgA1 and galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) are potential biomarkers for IgAN nephropathy. In this study, we comparatively studied the changes of those biomarkers before and after tonsillectomy. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 16 IgAN patients with pre- and post-tonsillectomy. IgAN was diagnosed based on results from analysis of percutaneous renal biopsy tissue. Peripheral blood samples from three patients without renal diseases (non-IgAN), before and after tonsillectomy, and 16 healthy controls were also examined. BAFF, ST6GALNAC2, C1GALT1, and COSMC mRNA levels in PBMCs were detected using real-time PCR. Plasma IgA1 content was measured by ELISA. Gd-IgA1 levels were determined using the VV lectin-ELISA method. RESULTS BAFF, ST6GALNAC2, C1GALT1, and COSMC mRNA levels and the plasma concentrations of IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 in IgAN patients before tonsillectomy were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05). Tonsillectomy significantly increased the expression of BAFF and ST6GALNAC2, and plasma IgA1 level, while it downregulated that of C1GALT1 and COSMC (P < 0.05). However, in non-IgAN patients, tonsillectomy did not affect the mRNA levels of BAFF, ST6GALNAC2, C1GALT1, and COSMC, plasma IgA1 content and Gd-IgA1 level. Positive correlations were established between BAFF and IgA1 (r = 0.604, P < 0.01) and between ST6GALNAC2 and Gd-IgA1 (r = 0.623, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Tonsillectomy changes the mRNA levels of BAFF, ST6GALNAC2, C1GALT1, and COSMC in PBMCs, as well as the plasma IgA1 level in IgAN patients. BAFF and ST6GALNAC2 might regulate IgA1 secretion and O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xin Xie
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Nephrology Department, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yu He
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Chen
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Peng
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu-Yao Ye
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Zhao
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zhe Yan
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Liu
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shao
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Ming Peng
- Nephrology Department, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Lab of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Knoppova B, Reily C, Maillard N, Rizk DV, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J, Raska M, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Novak J. The Origin and Activities of IgA1-Containing Immune Complexes in IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27148252 PMCID: PMC4828451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, frequently leading to end-stage renal disease, as there is no disease-specific therapy. IgAN is diagnosed from pathological assessment of a renal biopsy specimen based on predominant or codominant IgA-containing immunodeposits, usually with complement C3 co-deposits and with variable presence of IgG and/or IgM. The IgA in these renal deposits is galactose-deficient IgA1, with less than a full complement of galactose residues on the O-glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chains. Research from the past decade led to the definition of IgAN as an autoimmune disease with a multi-hit pathogenetic process with contributing genetic and environmental components. In this process, circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 (autoantigen) is bound by antiglycan IgG or IgA (autoantibodies) to form immune complexes. Some of these circulating complexes deposit in glomeruli, and thereby activate mesangial cells and induce renal injury through cellular proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix components and cytokines/chemokines. Glycosylation pathways associated with production of the autoantigen and the unique characteristics of the corresponding autoantibodies in patients with IgAN have been uncovered. Complement likely plays a significant role in the formation and the nephritogenic activities of these complexes. Complement activation is mediated through the alternative and lectin pathways and probably occurs systemically on IgA1-containing circulating immune complexes as well as locally in glomeruli. Incidence of IgAN varies greatly by geographical location; the disease is rare in central Africa but accounts for up to 40% of native-kidney biopsies in eastern Asia. Some of this variation may be explained by genetically determined influences on the pathogenesis of the disease. Genome-wide association studies to date have identified several loci associated with IgAN. Some of these loci are associated with the increased prevalence of IgAN, whereas others, such as deletion of complement factor H-related genes 1 and 3, are protective against the disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic and biochemical factors involved in formation and activities of pathogenic IgA1-containing immune complexes will enable the development of future disease-specific therapies as well as identification of non-invasive disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Knoppova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Maillard
- Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
- PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dana V. Rizk
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A. Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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22
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Hwang VJ, Ulu A, van Hoorebeke J, Weiss RH. Biomarkers in IgA nephropathy. Biomark Med 2014; 8:1263-77. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis and presents with gross hematuria and upper respiratory infection, with slow progression to end-stage renal disease in up to 50% of affected patients. Kidney biopsies are the gold standard method of diagnosis and frequently are not performed as the majority of individuals are asymptomatic. Thus, there is a need to discover and validate prognostic and predictive biomarkers that can be noninvasively obtained and are specific to this disease. Here we discuss the current state of research in this area and examine validated and clinically promising biofluid and tissue biomarkers of IgA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki J Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Integrative Genetics & Genomics Graduate Group, 227 Life Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arzu Ulu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Justin van Hoorebeke
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology, 227 Life Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Integrative Genetics & Genomics Graduate Group, 227 Life Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology, 227 Life Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Medical Service, Mather VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Stuchlova Horynova M, Vrablikova A, Stewart TJ, Takahashi K, Czernekova L, Yamada K, Suzuki H, Julian BA, Renfrow MB, Novak J, Raska M. N-acetylgalactosaminide α2,6-sialyltransferase II is a candidate enzyme for sialylation of galactose-deficient IgA1, the key autoantigen in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:234-8. [PMID: 25281698 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galactose-deficient O-glycans in the hinge region (HR) of immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) play a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). O-Glycans of circulatory IgA1 consist of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) with a β1,3-linked galactose; both sugars may be sialylated. In patients with IgAN, α2,6-sialylated GalNAc is a frequent form of the galactose-deficient O-glycans. Prior analyses of IgA1-producing cells had indicated that α2,6-sialyltransferase II (ST6GalNAc-II) is likely responsible for sialylation of GalNAc of galactose-deficient IgA1, but direct evidence is missing. METHODS We produced a secreted variant of recombinant human ST6GalNAc-II and an IgA1 fragment comprised of Cα1-HR-Cα2. This IgA1 fragment and a synthetic HR peptide with enzymatically attached GalNAc residues served as acceptors. ST6GalNAc-II activity was assessed in vitro and the attachment of sialic acid to these acceptors was detected by lectin blot and mass spectrometry. RESULTS ST6GalNAc-II was active with both acceptors. High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed that up to three sialic acid residues were added to the GalNAc residues of the HR glycopeptide. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide direct evidence that ST6GalNAc-II can sialylate GalNAc of galactose-deficient IgA1. As serum levels of galactose-deficient IgA1 with sialylated glycoforms are increased in IgAN patients, our data explain the corresponding part of the biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Stuchlova Horynova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Alena Vrablikova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tyler J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kazuo Takahashi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Lydie Czernekova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Koshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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