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Henriksen S, Rinaldo CH. Should SVGp12 Be Used for JC Polyomavirus Studies? Comment on Prezioso et al. COS-7 and SVGp12 Cellular Models to Study JCPyV Replication and MicroRNA Expression after Infection with Archetypal and Rearranged-NCCR Viral Strains. Viruses 2022, 14, 2070. Viruses 2022; 15:89. [PMID: 36680132 PMCID: PMC9867049 DOI: 10.3390/v15010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent paper in Viruses investigates the impact of the JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) microRNA on the replication of different JCPyV strains. Unfortunately, one of the cell lines used, the human fetal glial cell line SVGp12, is productively infected by the closely related BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), which may confound results. Scientists need to take this into account and the potential pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Henriksen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christine Hanssen Rinaldo
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9038 Tromsø, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Prezioso C, Passerini S, Limongi D, Palamara AT, Moens U, Pietropaolo V. COS-7 and SVGp12 Cellular Models to Study JCPyV Replication and MicroRNA Expression after Infection with Archetypal and Rearranged-NCCR Viral Strains. Viruses 2022; 14:2070. [PMID: 36146876 PMCID: PMC9502812 DOI: 10.3390/v14092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the non-coding control region (NCCR) and microRNA (miRNA) could represent two different and independent modalities of regulating JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) replication at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, the interplay between JC viral load based on NCCR architecture and miRNA levels, following JCPyV infection with archetypal and rearranged (rr)-NCCR JCPyV variants, was explored in COS-7 and SVGp12 cells infected by different JCPyV strains. Specifically, the involvement of JCPyV miRNA in regulating viral replication was investigated for the archetypal CY strain-which is the transmissible form-and for the rearranged MAD-1 strain, which is the first isolated variant from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The JCPyV DNA viral load was low in cells infected with CY compared with that in MAD-1-infected cells. Productive viral replication was observed in both cell lines. The expression of JCPyV miRNAs was observed from 3 days after viral infection in both cell types, and miR-J1-5p expression was inversely correlated with the JCPyV replication trend. The JCPyV miRNAs in the exosomes present in the supernatants produced by the infected cells could be carried into uninfected cells. Additional investigations of the expression of JCPyV miRNAs and their presence in exosomes are necessary to shed light on their regulatory role during viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Telematic University, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Zheng HC, Xue H, Jin YZ, Jiang HM, Cui ZG. The Oncogenic Effects, Pathways, and Target Molecules of JC Polyoma Virus T Antigen in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:744886. [PMID: 35350574 PMCID: PMC8958009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.744886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
JC polyoma virus (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous polyoma virus that infects the individual to cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and malignancies. Here, we found that T-antigen knockdown suppressed proliferation, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis and G2 arrest. The reverse was true for T-antigen overexpression, with overexpression of Akt, survivin, retinoblastoma protein, β-catenin, β-transducin repeat-containing protein (TRCP), and inhibitor of growth (ING)1, and the underexpression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated (p)-mTOR, p-p38, Cyclin D1, p21, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ING2, and ING4 in hepatocellular and pancreatic cancer cells and tissues. In lens tumor cells, T antigen transcriptionally targeted viral carcinogenesis, microRNAs in cancer, focal adhesion, p53, VEGF, phosphoinositide 3 kinase-Akt, and Forkhead box O signaling pathways, fructose and mannose metabolism, ribosome biosynthesis, and choline and pyrimidine metabolism. At a metabolomics level, it targeted protein digestion and absorption, aminoacryl-tRNA biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and the AMPK signal pathway. At a proteomic level, it targeted ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, citrate cycle, carbon metabolism, protein digestion and absorption, aminoacryl-tRNA biosynthesis, extracellular-matrix-receptor interaction, and biosynthesis of amino acids. In lens tumor cells, T antigen might interact with various keratins, ribosomal proteins, apolipoproteins, G proteins, ubiquitin-related proteins, RPL19, β-catenin, β-TRCP, p53, and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins in lens tumor cells. T antigen induced a more aggressive phenotype in mouse and human cancer cells due to oncogene activation, inactivation of tumor suppressors, and disruption of metabolism, cell adhesion, and long noncoding RNA-microRNA-target axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yu-Zi Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Guo Cui
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Fukui School of Medical Science, Fukui, Japan
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Diagnostic Value of JC Polyomavirus Viruria, Viremia, Serostatus and microRNA Expression in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Undergoing Immunosuppressive Treatment. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020347. [PMID: 35054041 PMCID: PMC8781243 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Markers of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) activity can be used to evaluate the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The presence of JCPyV DNA and microRNA (miR-J1-5p), the anti-JCV index and the sequence of the non-coding control region (NCCR) in urine and plasma were determined in 42 MS subjects before treatment (T0), 6 months (T6) and 12 months (T12) after natalizumab, ocrelizumab, fingolimod or dimethyl-fumarate administration and in 25 healthy controls (HC). The number of MS patients with viruria increased from 43% at T0 to 100% at T12, whereas it remained similar for the HC group (35–40%). Viremia first occurred 6 months after treatment in MS patients and increased after 12 months, whereas it was absent in HC. The viral load in urine and plasma from the MS cohort increased over time, mostly pronounced in natalizumab-treated patients, whereas it persisted in HC. The archetypal NCCR was detected in all positive urine, whereas mutations were observed in plasma-derived NCCRs resulting in a more neurotropic variant. The prevalence and miR-J1-5p copy number in MS urine and plasma dropped after treatment, whereas they remained similar in HC specimens. Viruria and miR-J1-5p expression did not correlate with anti-JCV index. In conclusion, analyzing JCPyV DNA and miR-J1-5p levels may allow monitoring JCPyV activity and predicting MS patients at risk of developing PML.
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Abstract
Polyomaviruses are a family of non-enveloped DNA viruses with wide host ranges. Human polyomaviruses typically cause asymptomatic infection and establish persistence but can be reactivated under certain conditions and cause severe diseases. Most well studied polyomaviruses encode a viral miRNA that regulates viral replication and pathogenesis by targeting both viral early genes and host genes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of polyomavirus miRNAs involved in virus infection. We review in detail the regulation of polyomavirus miRNA expression, as well as the role polyomavirus miRNAs play in viral pathogenesis by controlling both host and viral gene expression. An overview of the potential application of polyomavirus miRNA as a marker for the progression of polyomaviruses associated diseases and polyomaviruses reactivation is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael J Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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COS-7 cells are a cellular model to monitor polyomavirus JC miR-J1-5p expression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9201-9205. [PMID: 33085050 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) is a ubiquitous human neurotropic virus that can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), sometimes as a consequence of drug treatment for disabling diseases, including Multiple Sclerosis. JCPyV expresses microRNAs (miRNAs), and in particular miR-J1-5p, but at now we have limited knowledge regarding this aspect. In the present study the expression of JCPyV miR-J1-5p was measured in infected COS-7, to verify if and when this miRNA is expressed in a cell model of JCPyV-MAD-4 strain infection. Results showed that miR-J1-5p expression was relatively constant inside the cells from 11 days to 35 days after infection (mean: 4.13 × 105 copies/μg), and became measurable in supernatants 18 days after infection (mean: 7.20 × 104 copies/μl). miR-J1-5p expression in supernatants peaked (3.76 × 105 copies/μl) 25 days after infection and started to decrease 32 days after infection (7.20 × 104 copies/μl). These data show that COS-7 cells, already used as model for JCPyV replication cycle, can be also utilized to study JCPyV miRNAs expression, potentially opening new research avenues for diseases in which current therapeutic approaches could result in severe adverse effects (e.g. Natalizumab-associated JCPyV reactivation in Multiple Sclerosis patients). In these situations monitoring of miR-J1-5p may shed light on the mechanisms of virus reactivation and may help the clarification of the mechanisms responsible for such severe side effects.
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Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections of the Nervous System. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070700. [PMID: 32605316 PMCID: PMC7411781 DOI: 10.3390/v12070700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the extracellular space. EVs such as exosomes and microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 1000 nm in diameter. Under normal conditions, EVs mediate cell to cell as well as inter-organ communication via the shuttling of their cargoes which include RNA, DNA and proteins. Under pathological conditions, however, the number, size and content of EVs are found to be altered and have been shown to play crucial roles in disease progression. Emerging studies have demonstrated that EVs are involved in many aspects of viral infection-mediated neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we will describe the interactions between EV biogenesis and the release of virus particles while also reviewing the role of EVs in various viral infections, such as HIV-1, HTLV, Zika, CMV, EBV, Hepatitis B and C, JCV, and HSV-1. We will also discuss the potential uses of EVs and their cargoes as biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles for viral infections.
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Multiple Signatures of the JC Polyomavirus in Paired Normal and Altered Colorectal Mucosa Indicate a Link with Human Colorectal Cancer, but Not with Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235965. [PMID: 31783512 PMCID: PMC6928985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The JC polyomavirus (JCV) has been repeatedly but discordantly detected in healthy colonic mucosa, adenomatous polyps, and colorectal cancer (CRC), and proposed to contribute to oncogenesis. The controversies may derive from differences in JCV targets, patient’s cohorts, and methods. Studies of simultaneous detection, quantification, and characterization of JCV presence/expression in paired samples of normal/altered tissues of the same patient are lacking. Therefore, we simultaneously quantified JCV presence (DNA) and expression (mRNA and protein) of T-antigen (T-Ag), Viral Protein 1 (Vp1), and miR-J1-5p in paired normal/altered tissues of CRC or polyps, and from controls. JCV signatures were found in most samples. They increased in patients, but were higher in normal mucosa than in corresponding polyp or CRC lesions. JCV non-coding control region (NCCR) DNA rearrangements increased in CRC patients, also in normal mucosa, thus before the onset of the lesion. A new ∆98bp NCCR DNA rearrangement was detected. T-Ag levels were higher in normal mucosa than in adenoma and adenocarcinoma lesions, but decreased to levels of controls in established CRC lesions. In CRC, miR-J1-5p expression decreased with CRC progression. Vp1 expression was not detected. The data indicate a JCV link with the disease, but possible JCV contributes to oncogenesis should occur at pre-polyp stages.
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Del Valle L, Piña-Oviedo S. Human Polyomavirus JCPyV and Its Role in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Oncogenesis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:711. [PMID: 31440465 PMCID: PMC6694743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human neurotropic virus JCPyV, a member of the Polyomaviridiae family, is the opportunistic infectious agent of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal disease seen in severe immunosuppressive conditions and, during the last decade, in patients undergoing immunotherapy. JCPyV is a ubiquitous pathogen with up to 85% of the adult population word-wide exhibiting antibodies against it. Early experiments demonstrated that direct inoculation of JCPyV into the brain of different species resulted in the development of brain tumors and other neuroectodermal-derived neoplasias. Later, several reports showed the detection of viral sequences in medulloblastomas and glial tumors, as well as expression of the viral protein T-Antigen. Few oncogenic viruses, however, have caused so much controversy regarding their role in the pathogenesis of brain tumors, but the discovery of new Polyomaviruses that cause Merkel cell carcinomas in humans and brain tumors in racoons, in addition to the role of JCPyV in colon cancer and multiple mechanistic studies have shed much needed light on the role of JCPyV in cancer. The pathways affected by the viral protein T-Antigen include cell cycle regulators, like p53 and pRb, and transcription factors that activate pro-proliferative genes, like c-Myc. In addition, infection with JCPyV causes chromosomal damage and T-Antigen inhibits homologous recombination, and activates anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Survivin. Here we review the different aspects of the biology and physiopathology of JCPyV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sergio Piña-Oviedo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Haghi Navand A, Teimoori A, Makvandi M, Nisi N, Seyedian SS, Ranjbari N, Ahmadi Angali K, Keyani H, Tabasi M, Pourjabari K. Study on JV Virus in Patients with Colon Cancer Type
Adenocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1147-1151. [PMID: 31030488 PMCID: PMC6948910 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the most repetitious malignancies with high mortality worldwide. JC virus (JCV) is ubiquitous Polyomavirus, with seroprevalence rates ranging from 70% to 90% in adult population. Recently the role of JCV have been reported in many malignant tumors worldwide. The association of JCV was reported in patients with colon and rectum cancers. Thus this study was conducted to evaluate the association of JCV DNA in patients with colon cancer type Adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods: A total of 120 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks samples were collected including 20/40(50%) males, 20/40(50%) females patients with Colorectal Cancer(CRC), and 80 (50% males, 50% females) patients with benign tumor as a control. DNA was extracted for all the samples. Nested PCR was carried out for detection of Vp1/T-Ag junction genome in JCV genome by Nested-PCR assay. Randomly, PCR products of 6 samples were sequenced to analysis the partial JCV DNA. The phylogeny tree was constructed to determine homology identity with other JCV. Results: 4/40(10%) samples of test group and 10/80 (12.5%) of control samples were positive for JCV DNA (P= 0.69). Out of 4 samples positive for JC DNA, 3(7.5%) were males and 1(2.4%) female (P=0.29). The frequency of JCV DNA in age group> 50 years was 4/32(10%), while in age group <50 years was 0/8 (0%) (p= 0.29). Conclusion: prevalence of JCV DNA was among 10% patients with CRC and 12.5% benign tumors (p=0.69). The distribution of JCV DNA was among 7.5% male and 2.5% female (p= 0.29). The frequency of JCV DNA was among 10% cases of age group >50 years and 0% of age group <50 years (P= 0.29). The subsequent T-Ag protein expression might explain the increased risk of colorectal cancer and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Haghi Navand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. manoochehrmakvandi299@ gmail.com,Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. manoochehrmakvandi299@ gmail.com,Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nilofar Nisi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. manoochehrmakvandi299@ gmail.com,Virology Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeid Seyedian
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nastarn Ranjbari
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistic, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadis Keyani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. manoochehrmakvandi299@ gmail.com
| | - Maryam Tabasi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. manoochehrmakvandi299@ gmail.com
| | - Keyvan Pourjabari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. manoochehrmakvandi299@ gmail.com
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Li Y, Qiu Q, Fan Z, He P, Chen H, Jiao X. Th17 cytokine profiling of colorectal cancer patients with or without enterovirus 71 antigen expression. Cytokine 2018; 107:35-42. [PMID: 29175261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Th17 cytokines have been identified in several types of human cancers. In this pilot study, the expression of Th17 cytokines profiling in enteroviruses 71 (EV71) associated colorectal cancer (CRC) were explored. METHODS 66 patients with CRC were enrolled in this study; immune- histochemical analyses were performed on cancerous tissues and adjacent non- cancerous tissues of the patients. Serum Th17 cytokines of CRC patients and healthy controls were measured using a Luminex 200 analyzer. RESULTS Cancerous tissues had more positive EV71 antigen expression than adjacent non- cancerous tissues. In TNM II-III CRC, 59.9% of cancerous tissues were observed to be EV71 positive; on the contrary, 65.2% of the adjacent non- cancerous epithelium was EV71 negative. In TNM I CRC, all adjacent non- cancerous epithelium was virus negative, but in TNM IV, half of adjacent non- cancerous tissues were virus positive. Serum IL-10 were significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls, and IL-10 concentrations in the EV71 positive group were higher than those of the EV71 negative group, with the highest IL-10 levels being observed in CRC patients with strong positive group (P < 0.05). Similar results were found for IL-21 and IL-23. IL-17 levels were higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls, there was no significant difference in IL-17 between the viral positive and viral negative groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Persistent existing EV71 viral antigens in intestinal tissues are positively associated with TNM III/IV CRC. EV71 latent infection recruits Th17 cells in the colorectal tumor site, stimulating Th17 cytokine production that closely associated with CRC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Qiancheng Qiu
- The first affiliated hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Ping He
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Huanzhu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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Schönauen K, Le N, von Arnim U, Schulz C, Malfertheiner P, Link A. Circulating and Fecal microRNAs as Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1547-1557. [PMID: 29668922 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is essential for adequate treatment management and reliable noninvasive biomarkers for verification of mucosal healing are still needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed in IBD and cancer. We aimed to evaluate the potential of circulating and fecal miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for IBD. METHODS In this proof-of-principle study we used 2 independent patient cohorts. Testing cohort (n = 96) included serum and fecal samples from controls (n = 35) and IBD patients (n = 61) including 43 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 18 with ulcerative colitis (UC) with an active disease (n = 38), or in remission (n = 23). Validation cohort included fecal samples from patients with calprotectin/endoscopy-confirmed active disease (n = 30) or in remission (n = 15). Target-based approach (miR-16, miR-21, miR-155, and miR-223) has been used to evaluate miRNA expression. RESULTS Sera samples from IBD patients showed higher level of miR-16, miR-21, and miR-223, but not miR-155, compared to controls and was higher in CD than in UC patients. Much stronger miRNA expression changes were observed in feces from IBD patients for all studied miRNAs with highest expression of miR-155 and miR-223 in testing and validation cohorts. MiRNA expression correlated with clinical remission, however, only fecal but not circulating miRNAs, correlated with surrogate parameters such as fecal calprotectin or C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a novel evidence for differential expression level of fecal miRNAs in IBD. We demonstrate that miRNAs in feces correlate with disease activity and may be considered as potential tool for the further biomarker research in IBD. 10.1093/ibd/izy046_video1izy046.video15794822319001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schönauen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nha Le
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Gastroenterology Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ulrike von Arnim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Virtanen E, Seppälä H, Helanterä I, Laine P, Lautenschlager I, Paulin L, Mannonen L, Auvinen P, Auvinen E. BK polyomavirus microRNA expression and sequence variation in polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. J Clin Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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JCPyV microRNA in plasma inversely correlates with JCPyV seropositivity among long-term natalizumab-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurovirol 2017; 23:734-741. [DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Martelli F, Giannecchini S. Polyomavirus microRNAs circulating in biological fluids during viral persistence. Rev Med Virol 2017; 27:e1927. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Martelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine; University of Florence; Florence Italy
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16
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Delbue S, Comar M, Ferrante P. Review on the role of the human Polyomavirus JC in the development of tumors. Infect Agent Cancer 2017; 12:10. [PMID: 28174598 PMCID: PMC5292005 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost one fifth of human cancers worldwide are associated with infectious agents, either bacteria or viruses, and this makes the possible association between infections and tumors a relevant research issue. We focused our attention on the human Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV), that is a small, naked DNA virus, belonging to the Polyomaviridae family. It is the recognized etiological agent of the Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), a fatal demyelinating disease, occurring in immunosuppressed individuals. JCPyV is able to induce cell transformation in vitro when infecting non-permissive cells, that do not support viral replication and JCPyV inoculation into small animal models and non human primates drives to tumor formation. The molecular mechanisms involved in JCPyV oncogenesis have been extensively studied: the main oncogenic viral protein is the large tumor antigen (T-Ag), that is able to bind, among other cellular factors, both Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and p53 and to dysregulate the cell cycle, but also the early proteins small tumor antigen (t-Ag) and Agnoprotein appear to cooperate in the process of cell transformation. Consequently, it is not surprising that JCPyV genomic sequences and protein expression have been detected in Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors and colon cancer and an association between this virus and several brain and non CNS-tumors has been proposed. However, the significances of these findings are under debate because there is still insufficient evidence of a casual association between JCPyV and solid cancer development. In this paper we summarized and critically analyzed the published literature, in order to describe the current knowledge on the possible role of JCPyV in the development of human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Pascal, 36-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Via Pascal, 36-20133 Milan, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Milan, Italy
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17
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Khabaz MN, Nedjadi T, Gari MA, Al-Maghrabi JA, Atta HM, Basuni AA, Elderwi DA, Bakarman M. Simian virus 40 is not likely involved in the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2015-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of simian virus 40 (SV40) in colorectal cancer development by assessing the presence of DNA and protein product of SV40 in colorectal cancer. Materials & methods: Extracted DNA from 83 archival colorectal adenocarcinoma samples and 35 control samples of noncancerous colon tissue was analyzed for SV40 using PCR-based techniques. The expression of the protein product was assessed using immunohistochemical staining. Results: All tested tumors and control cases failed to detect SV40 DNA in PCR assays. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining did not show any viral proteins in both cancer and control cases. Conclusion: These results indicated that there is no association between SV40 and the development of colorectal adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
- Department of Pathology, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taoufik Nedjadi
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdooh A Gari
- Centre of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah A Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M Atta
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Basuni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Liver Institute, Menofiya University, Egypt
| | - Douaa A Elderwi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwan Bakarman
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Cekaite L, Eide PW, Lind GE, Skotheim RI, Lothe RA. MicroRNAs as growth regulators, their function and biomarker status in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6476-505. [PMID: 26623728 PMCID: PMC4872728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is in part regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). This review summarizes the current knowledge of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC); their role as growth regulators, the mechanisms that regulate the miRNAs themselves and the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers. Although thousands of tissue samples and bodily fluids from CRC patients have been investigated for biomarker potential of miRNAs (>160 papers presented in a comprehensive tables), none single miRNA nor miRNA expression signatures are in clinical use for this disease. More than 500 miRNA-target pairs have been identified in CRC and we discuss how these regulatory nodes interconnect and affect signaling pathways in CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cekaite
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter W. Eide
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G.Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Louten J, Beach M, Palermino K, Weeks M, Holenstein G. MicroRNAs Expressed during Viral Infection: Biomarker Potential and Therapeutic Considerations. Biomark Insights 2016; 10:25-52. [PMID: 26819546 PMCID: PMC4718089 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s29512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short sequences of noncoding single-stranded RNAs that exhibit inhibitory effects on complementary target mRNAs. Recently, it has been discovered that certain viruses express their own miRNAs, while other viruses activate the transcription of cellular miRNAs for their own benefit. This review summarizes the viral and/or cellular miRNAs that are transcribed during infection, with a focus on the biomarker and therapeutic potential of miRNAs (or their antagomirs). Several human viruses of clinical importance are discussed, namely, herpesviruses, polyomaviruses, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Louten
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Michael Beach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Kristina Palermino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Maria Weeks
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Holenstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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20
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Giovannelli I, Clausi V, Nukuzuma S, Della Malva N, Nosi D, Giannecchini S. Polyomavirus JC microRNA expression after infection in vitro. Virus Res 2016; 213:269-273. [PMID: 26763354 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro expression of the Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) microRNAs, JC-miRNA-3p and -5p, at early time points post-infection was investigated. The expression of the JCPyV microRNAs was monitored in hematopoietic progenitor KG-1 cells and in kidney fibroblast-like COS-7 cells transformed with SV40 after infection with a JCPyV CY archetype viral clone. The JCPyV DNA viral load was low in KG-1 cells compared with that in COS-7 cells, which showed productive viral replication. The expression of the JCPyV microRNAs was observed from 12h after the viral infection of both cell types and in the exosomes present in their cell supernatant. Additionally, this study verified that the JCPyV microRNAs in the exosomes present in the supernatants produced by the infected cells might be carried into uninfected cells. These findings suggest that additional investigations of the expression of JCPyV microRNAs and their presence in exosomes are necessary to shed light on their regulatory role during viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Giovannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Clausi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Souichi Nukuzuma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe Institute of Health, 4-6-5 Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nunzia Della Malva
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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21
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Rocca A, Martelli F, Delbue S, Ferrante P, Bartolozzi D, Azzi A, Giannecchini S. The JCPYV DNA load inversely correlates with the viral microrna expression in blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients at risk of PML. J Clin Virol 2015; 70:1-6. [PMID: 26305810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of their regulatory role, changes in the expression of Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) microRNAs may be relevant for virus reactivation and the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). OBJECTIVES To investigate the presence of JCPyV-DNA and JCPyV microRNA expression in clinical specimens of patients at risk for PML. STUDY DESIGN The JCPyV-DNA and microRNA status was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma from 100 HIV patients, in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 14 HIV PML patients and in PBMCs and plasma from 50 healthy controls using Multiplex real-time PCR and JCPyV miRNA-J1-3p and -5p stem-loop RT-PCR. The JCPyV-DNA microRNA-expressing region was also sequenced. RESULTS A positive JCPyV-DNA status was more prevalent in HIV patients (67%, 67/100) compared to healthy controls (18%, 9/50). Among these, 46% and 42% of the HIV patients and 18% and 0% of the healthy controls were positive based on PBMC and plasma determinations, respectively. PBMC JCPyV microRNA positivity was observed in 22 out of 46 (48%) JCPyV+ HIV patients and in 3 out of 9 (33%) JCPyV+ healthy controls. Moreover, JCPyV microRNAs in exosomes were found in 6 out of 100 (6%) HIV plasma samples, in 12 out of 50 (24%) healthy samples, in 6 out of 14 (43%) serum samples, and in 3 out of 5 (60%) HIV PML CSF samples. Of note, the JCPyV-DNA load was inversely correlated with expression of the viral microRNA. The JCPyV microRNA genomic expression region showed a different combination of three mutations. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of JCPyV microRNA expression in HIV patients with high JCPyV-DNA prevalence observed in this study highlight the potential clinical relevance of JCPyV microRNAs in PML risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rocca
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Martelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Bartolozzi
- Infectious disease unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberta Azzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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22
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Detection of JCPyV microRNA in blood and urine samples of multiple sclerosis patients under natalizumab therapy. J Neurovirol 2015; 21:666-70. [PMID: 25678142 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) reactivation and development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a health concern in multiple sclerosis patients under natalizumab therapy. Here, the JCPyV microRNA-J1-3p and microRNA-J1-5p expressions and genomic variability were investigated in blood and urine samples of multiple sclerosis patients before and under natalizumab therapy and in healthy controls. The two JCPyV microRNAs were detected in the JCPyV-DNA-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples and in the exosomes derived from plasma and urine obtained from JCPyV-DNA-positive and JCPyV-DNA-negative patients. In particular, the increased JCPyV microRNA expression in samples of multiple sclerosis patients under natalizumab therapy was consistent with the high JCPyV-DNA positivity observed in these samples. Moreover, JCPyV microRNA genomic region showed few nucleotide differences in samples obtained from blood and urine of multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls. Overall, these data suggest a potential role of the JCPyV microRNA expression in counteracting the viral reactivation to maintain JCPyV asymptomatic persistence in the host.
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23
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Expression of BKV and JCV encoded microRNA in human cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine. J Clin Virol 2015; 65:1-5. [PMID: 25766978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BK and JC polyomaviruses encode microRNAs which may facilitate the establishment of persistent infection. MicroRNAs contribute to disease pathogenesis, and may provide useful tools in laboratory diagnostics and patient management. OBJECTIVES In this pilot work we studied whether viral and cellular microRNAs can be extracted and detected from body fluids to provide added value in a diagnostic laboratory. STUDY DESIGN Altogether 120 human plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid samples from individuals diagnosed with, or suspected of, a severe polyomavirus associated disease, were included in the study. The samples were spiked with unrelated synthetic microRNA to control for sample quality and inhibition. BKV specific bkv-miR-B1-5p, JCV specific jcv-miR-J1-5p, and bkv-miR-B1-3p/jcv-miR-J1-3p, sharing identical sequences between the two viruses, were amplified from human samples using specific TaqMan assays. Expression of 84 circulating human microRNAs was studied in four selected plasma samples in microarray. RESULTS jcv-miR-J1-5p and bkv-miR-B1-3p/jcv-miR-J1-3p were frequently amplified from human plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid samples. bkv-miR-B1-5p was amplified from one-third of the samples, which often contained high viral DNA loads. A microarray screen of human microRNAs in plasma samples suggested regulation of several human microRNA expression in BKV positive vs negative samples. CONCLUSIONS Viral and cellular microRNAs can be processed and detected from human body fluids. They may prove useful in the diagnosis and management of severe polyomavirus associated diseases, calling for further clinical evaluation.
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Lagatie O, Van Loy T, Tritsmans L, Stuyver LJ. Viral miRNAs in plasma and urine divulge JC polyomavirus infection. Virol J 2014; 11:158. [PMID: 25178457 PMCID: PMC4168162 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is a widespread human polyomavirus that usually resides latently in its host, but can be reactivated under immune-compromised conditions potentially causing Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCPyV encodes its own microRNA, jcv-miR-J1. METHODS We have investigated in 50 healthy subjects whether jcv-miR-J1-5p (and its variant jcv-miR-J1a-5p) can be detected in plasma or urine. RESULTS We found that the overall detection rate of JCPyV miRNA was 74% (37/50) in plasma and 62% (31/50) in urine. Subjects were further categorized based on JCPyV VP1 serology status and viral shedding. In seronegative subjects, JCPyV miRNA was found in 86% (12/14) and 57% (8/14) of plasma and urine samples, respectively. In seropositive subjects, the detection rate was 69% (25/36) and 64% (23/36) for plasma and urine, respectively. Furthermore, in seropositive subjects shedding virus in urine, higher levels of urinary viral miRNAs were observed, compared to non-shedding seropositive subjects (P < 0.001). No correlation was observed between urinary and plasma miRNAs. CONCLUSION These data indicate that analysis of circulating viral miRNAs divulge the presence of latent JCPyV infection allowing further stratification of seropositive individuals. Also, our data indicate higher infection rates than would be expected from serology alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Lagatie
- Janssen Diagnostics, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium.
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