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Auvinen E, Honkimaa A, Laine P, Passerini S, Moens U, Pietropaolo V, Saarela M, Maunula L, Mannonen L, Tynninen O, Haapasalo H, Rauramaa T, Auvinen P, Liimatainen H. Differentiation of highly pathogenic strains of human JC polyomavirus in neurological patients by next generation sequencing. J Clin Virol 2024; 171:105652. [PMID: 38364704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) persists asymptomatic in more than half of the human population. Immunocompromising conditions may cause reactivation and acquisition of neurotropic rearrangements in the viral genome, especially in the non-coding control region (NCCR). Such rearranged JCPyV strains are strongly associated with the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). METHODS Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics tools, the NCCR was characterized in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; N = 21) and brain tissue (N = 16) samples from PML patients (N = 25), urine specimens from systemic lupus erythematosus patients (N = 2), brain tissue samples from control individuals (N = 2) and waste-water samples (N = 5). Quantitative PCR was run in parallel for diagnostic PML samples. RESULTS Archetype NCCR (i.e. ABCDEF block structure) and archetype-like NCCR harboring minor mutations were detected in two CSF samples and in one CSF sample and in one tissue sample, respectively. Among samples from PML patients, rearranged NCCRs were found in 8 out of 21 CSF samples and in 14 out of 16 brain tissue samples. Complete or partial deletion of the C and D blocks was characteristic of most rearranged JCPyV strains. From ten CSF samples and one tissue sample NCCR could not be amplified. CONCLUSIONS Rearranged NCCRs are predominant in brain tissue and common in CSF from PML patients. Extremely sensitive detection and identification of neurotropic viral populations in CSF or brain tissue by NGS may contribute to early and accurate diagnosis, timely intervention and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Auvinen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anni Honkimaa
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Laine
- Institute of Biotechnology, DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mika Saarela
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Maunula
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Mannonen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannu Haapasalo
- Department of Pathology, FIMLAB Laboratories Ltd and Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland and 12. Unit of Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Liimatainen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Passerini S, Babini G, Merenda E, Carletti R, Scribano D, Rosa L, Conte AL, Moens U, Ottolenghi L, Romeo U, Conte MP, Di Gioia CRT, Pietropaolo V. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Context of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders. Biomedicines 2024; 12:709. [PMID: 38672065 PMCID: PMC11047982 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in prevention, detection and treatment, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a global health concern, strongly associated with environmental and lifestyle risk factors and infection with oncogenic viruses. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV), well known to be the causative agent of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) has been found in OSCC, suggesting its potential role as a co-factor in the development of oral cavity cancers. To improve our understanding about MCPyV in oral cavities, the detection and analysis of MCPyV DNA, transcripts and miRNA were performed on OSCCs and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). In addition, the cellular miR-375, known to be deregulated in tumors, was examined. MCPyV DNA was found in 3 out of 11 OSCC and 4 out of 12 OPMD samples, with a viral mean value of 1.49 × 102 copies/mL. Viral integration was not observed and LTAg and VP1 transcripts were detected. Viral miRNAs were not detected whereas the cellular miR-375 was found over expressed in all MCPyV positive oral specimens. Our results reported evidence of MCPyV replication in both OSCC and OPMD suggesting the oral cavity as a site of replicative MCPyV infection, therefore underscoring an active role of this virus in the occurrence of oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Giulia Babini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Merenda
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.); (C.R.T.D.G.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.); (C.R.T.D.G.)
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Luigi Rosa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Spallanzani”, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonietta Lucia Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Livia Ottolenghi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (U.R.)
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (U.R.)
| | - Maria Pia Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Cira Rosaria Tiziana Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.); (C.R.T.D.G.)
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (D.S.); (A.L.C.); (M.P.C.)
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Moens U, Passerini S, Falquet M, Sveinbjørnsson B, Pietropaolo V. Phosphorylation of Human Polyomavirus Large and Small T Antigens: An Ignored Research Field. Viruses 2023; 15:2235. [PMID: 38005912 PMCID: PMC10674619 DOI: 10.3390/v15112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are the most common post-translational modifications mediated by protein kinases and protein phosphatases, respectively. These reversible processes can modulate the function of the target protein, such as its activity, subcellular localization, stability, and interaction with other proteins. Phosphorylation of viral proteins plays an important role in the life cycle of a virus. In this review, we highlight biological implications of the phosphorylation of the monkey polyomavirus SV40 large T and small t antigens, summarize our current knowledge of the phosphorylation of these proteins of human polyomaviruses, and conclude with gaps in the knowledge and a proposal for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.F.); (B.S.)
| | - Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mar Falquet
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.F.); (B.S.)
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.F.); (B.S.)
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
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Passerini S, Prezioso C, Babini G, Ferlosio A, Cosio T, Campione E, Moens U, Ciotti M, Pietropaolo V. Detection of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA and Transcripts in Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). Pathogens 2023; 12:894. [PMID: 37513741 PMCID: PMC10385104 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the etiological agent of the majority of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC): a rare skin tumor. To improve our understanding of the role of MCPyV in MCCs, the detection and analysis of MCPyV DNA and transcripts were performed on primary tumors and regional lymph nodes from two MCC patients: one metastatic and one non-metastatic. MCPyV-DNA was searched by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), followed by the amplification of a Large T Antigen (LTAg), Viral Protein 1 (VP1) and Non-Coding Control Region (NCCR). LTAg and VP1 transcripts were investigated by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Viral integration was also studied, and full-length LTAg sequencing was performed. qPCR revealed that the primary tumor of both patients and the lymph node of one patient was positive for the small t-antigen, with an average value of 7.0 × 102 copies/µg. The same samples harbored LTAg, NCCR and VP1 DNA. Sequencing results showed truncated LTAg with the conserved retinoblastoma (Rb) protein binding motif and VP1 and NCCR sequences identical to the MCC350 strain. RT-PCR detected LTAg but not VP1 transcripts. The MCPyV genome was integrated into the primary tumor of both patients. The results confirmed the connection between MCPyV and MCC, assuming integration, LTAg truncation and Rb sequestration as key players in MCPyV-mediated oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Babini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Virology Unit, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Passerini S, Prezioso C, Prota A, Babini G, Bargiacchi L, Bartolini D, Moens U, Antonelli M, Pietropaolo V. Detection of human neurotropic JCPyV DNA sequence in pediatric anaplastic xanthoastrocytoma. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:232-236. [PMID: 37097595 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to its peculiar histopathological findings, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA), a rare cerebral tumor of young adults with a slow growth and a good prognosis, resembles to the lytic phase of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Therefore, the presence of JCPyV DNA was examined in an 11-year-old child with xanthoastrocytoma, WHO grade 3, by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and nested PCR (nPCR) using primers amplifying sequences encoding the N- and C-terminal region of large T antigen (LTAg), the non-coding control region (NCCR), and viral protein 1 (VP1) DNA. The expression of transcripts from LTAg and VP1 genes was also evaluated. In addition, viral microRNAs' (miRNAs) expression was investigated. Cellular p53 was also searched at both DNA and RNA level. qPCR revealed the presence of JCPyV DNA with a mean value of 6.0 × 104 gEq/mL. nPCR gave a positive result for the 5' region of the LTAg gene and the NCCR, whereas 3' end LTAg and VP1 DNA sequences were not amplifiable. Only LTAg transcripts of 5' end were found whereas VP1 gene transcript was undetectable. Although in most cases, either Mad-1 or Mad-4 NCCRs have been identified in association with JCPyV-positive human brain neoplasms, the archetype NCCR structure was observed in the patient's sample. Neither viral miRNA miR-J1-5p nor p53 DNA and RNA were detected. Although the expression of LTAg supports the possible role of JCPyV in PXA, further studies are warranted to better understand whether the genesis of xanthoastrocytoma could depend on the transformation capacity of LTAg by Rb sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.1e Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Prota
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.1e Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Babini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.1e Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Bargiacchi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.1e Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Prezioso C, Pietropaolo V, Moens U, Ciotti M. JC polyomavirus: a short review of its biology, its association with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and the diagnostic value of different methods to manifest its activity or presence. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:143-157. [PMID: 36786077 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2179394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION JC polyomavirus is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease resulting from the lytic infection of oligodendrocytes that may develop in immunosuppressed individuals: HIV1 infected or individuals under immunosuppressive therapies. Understanding the biology of JCPyV is necessary for a proper patient management, the development of diagnostic tests, and risk stratification. AREAS COVERED The review covers different areas of expertise including the genomic characterization of JCPyV strains detected in different body compartments (urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid) of PML patients, viral mutations, molecular diagnostics, viral miRNAs, and disease. EXPERT OPINION The implementation of molecular biology techniques improved our understanding of JCPyV biology. Deep sequencing analysis of viral genomes revealed the presence of viral quasispecies in the cerebrospinal fluid of PML patients characterized by noncoding control region rearrangements and VP1 mutations. These neurotropic JCPyV variants present enhanced replication and an altered cell tropism that contribute to PML development. Monitoring these variants may be relevant for the identification of patients at risk of PML. Multiplex realtime PCR targeting both the LTAg and the archetype NCCR could be used to identify them. Failure to amplify NCCR should indicate the presence of a JCPyV prototype speeding up the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy.,IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Virology Unit, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Rome, Italy
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Falquet M, Prezioso C, Ludvigsen M, Bruun JA, Passerini S, Sveinbjørnsson B, Pietropaolo V, Moens U. Regulation of Transcriptional Activity of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Large T-Antigen by PKA-Mediated Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010895. [PMID: 36614338 PMCID: PMC9820997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is the major cause of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive skin cancer. MCPyV large T-antigen (LTag) and small T-antigen (sTag) are the main oncoproteins involved in MCPyV-induced MCC. A hallmark of MCPyV-positive MCC cells is the expression of a C-terminal truncated LTag. Protein kinase A (PKA) plays a fundamental role in a variety of biological processes, including transcription by phosphorylating and thereby regulating the activity of transcription factors. As MCPyV LTag has been shown to be phosphorylated and acts as a transcription factor for the viral early and late promoter, we investigated whether LTag can be phosphorylayted by PKA, and whether this affects the transcript activity of LTag. Using a phosphorylation prediction algorithm, serine 191, 203, and 265 were identified as putative phosphorylation sites for PKA. Mass spectrometry of in vitro PKA-phosphorylated peptides confirmed phosphorylation of S203 and S265, but not S191. Full-length LTag inhibited early and late promoter activity of MCPyV, whereas the truncated MKL2 LTag variant stimulated both promoters. Single non-phosphorylable, as well as phosphomimicking mutations did not alter the inhibitory effect of full-length LTag. However, the non-phosphorylable mutations abrogated transactivation of the MCPyV promoters by MKL2 LTag, whereas phosphomimicking substitutions restored the ability of MKL2 LTag to activate the promoters. Triple LTag and MKL2 LTag mutants had the same effect as the single mutants. Activation of the PKA signaling pathway did not enhance MCPyV promoter activity, nor did it affect LTag expression levels in MCPyV-positive Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) cells. Our results show that phosphorylation of truncated LTag stimulates viral promoter activity, which may contribute to higher levels of the viral oncoproteins LTag and sTag. Interfering with PKA-induced LTag phosphorylation/activity may be a therapeutic strategy to treat MCPyV-positive MCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Falquet
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, IRCSS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Ludvigsen
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jack-Ansgar Bruun
- Department of Medical Biology, Proteomics Platform, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Baldur Sveinbjørnsson
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Ugo Moens
- Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, IRCSS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
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Prezioso C, Moens U, Pietropaolo V. Reply to Henriksen, S.; Rinaldo, C.H. Should SVGp12 Be Used for JC Polyomavirus Studies? Comment on "Prezioso et al. COS-7 and SVGp12 Cellular Models to Study JCPyV Replication and MicroRNA Expression after Infection with Archetypal and Rearranged-NCCR Viral Strains. Viruses 2022, 14, 2070". Viruses 2022; 15:93. [PMID: 36680133 PMCID: PMC9861638 DOI: 10.3390/v15010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In relation to the comment by Henriksen and Rinaldo, the authors intend to emphasize that before every experiment with SVGp12 cells they routinely test the cells for the absence of BKPyV contamination. The scientists can state that the SVGp12 cells used in their laboratory were not infected by BKPyV and that their results were also validated on the COS-7 cell line, which is permissive for JCPyV infection. Therefore, the overall findings of the study and its conclusions remain authentic. The authors recommend the necessity of carefully testing SVGp12 cells for BKPyV infection before use or, alternatively, in case of a first purchase; moreover, it is possible to choose different cell lines to avoid running into this unpleasant situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Passerini S, Prezioso C, Prota A, Babini G, Coppola L, Lodi A, Epifani AC, Sarmati L, Andreoni M, Moens U, Pietropaolo V, Ciotti M. Detection Analysis and Study of Genomic Region Variability of JCPyV, BKPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7 and QPyV in the Urine and Plasma of HIV-1-Infected Patients. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112544. [PMID: 36423152 PMCID: PMC9698965 DOI: 10.3390/v14112544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was clearly established that HIV/AIDS predisposes to the infection, persistence or reactivation of latent viruses, the prevalence of human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) among HIV-1-infected patients and a possible correlation between HPyVs and HIV sero-status were investigated. PCR was performed to detect and quantify JCPyV, BKPyV, MCPyV, HPyV6, HPyV7 and QPyV DNA in the urine and plasma samples of 103 HIV-1-infected patients. Subsequently, NCCR, VP1 and MCPyV LT sequences were examined. In addition, for MCPyV, the expression of transcripts for the LT gene was investigated. JCPyV, BKPyV and MCPyV's presence was reported, whereas HPyV6, HPyV7 and QPyV were not detected in any sample. Co-infection patterns of JCPyV, BKPyV and MCPyV were found. Archetype-like NCCRs were observed with some point mutations in plasma samples positive for JCPyV and BKPyV. The VP1 region was found to be highly conserved among these subjects. LT did not show mutations causing stop codons, and LT transcripts were expressed in MCPyV positive samples. A significant correlation between HPyVs' detection and a low level of CD4+ was reported. In conclusion, HPyV6, HPyV7 and QPyV seem to not have a clinical relevance in HIV-1 patients, whereas further studies are warranted to define the clinical importance of JCPyV, BKPyV and MCPyV DNA detection in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Prota
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Babini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lodi
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Epifani
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Virology Unit, Polyclinic Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Prezioso C, Passerini S, Limongi D, Palamara AT, Moens U, Pietropaolo V. COS-7 and SVGp12 Cellular Models to Study JCPyV Replication and MicroRNA Expression after Infection with Archetypal and Rearranged-NCCR Viral Strains. Viruses 2022; 14:2070. [PMID: 36146876 PMCID: PMC9502812 DOI: 10.3390/v14092070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the non-coding control region (NCCR) and microRNA (miRNA) could represent two different and independent modalities of regulating JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) replication at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, the interplay between JC viral load based on NCCR architecture and miRNA levels, following JCPyV infection with archetypal and rearranged (rr)-NCCR JCPyV variants, was explored in COS-7 and SVGp12 cells infected by different JCPyV strains. Specifically, the involvement of JCPyV miRNA in regulating viral replication was investigated for the archetypal CY strain-which is the transmissible form-and for the rearranged MAD-1 strain, which is the first isolated variant from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The JCPyV DNA viral load was low in cells infected with CY compared with that in MAD-1-infected cells. Productive viral replication was observed in both cell lines. The expression of JCPyV miRNAs was observed from 3 days after viral infection in both cell types, and miR-J1-5p expression was inversely correlated with the JCPyV replication trend. The JCPyV miRNAs in the exosomes present in the supernatants produced by the infected cells could be carried into uninfected cells. Additional investigations of the expression of JCPyV miRNAs and their presence in exosomes are necessary to shed light on their regulatory role during viral reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Telematic University, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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11
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Moens U, Prezioso C, Pietropaolo V. Functional Domains of the Early Proteins and Experimental and Epidemiological Studies Suggest a Role for the Novel Human Polyomaviruses in Cancer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834368. [PMID: 35250950 PMCID: PMC8894888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As their name indicates, polyomaviruses (PyVs) can induce tumors. Mouse PyV, hamster PyV and raccoon PyV have been shown to cause tumors in their natural host. During the last 30 years, 15 PyVs have been isolated from humans. From these, Merkel cell PyV is classified as a Group 2A carcinogenic pathogen (probably carcinogenic to humans), whereas BKPyV and JCPyV are class 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Although the other PyVs recently detected in humans (referred to here as novel HPyV; nHPyV) share many common features with PyVs, including the viral oncoproteins large tumor antigen and small tumor antigen, as their role in cancer is questioned. This review discusses whether the nHPyVs may play a role in cancer based on predicted and experimentally proven functions of their early proteins in oncogenic processes. The functional domains that mediate the oncogenic properties of early proteins of known PyVs, that can cause cancer in their natural host or animal models, have been well characterized and we examined whether these functional domains are conserved in the early proteins of the nHPyVs and presented experimental evidence that these conserved domains are functional. Furthermore, we reviewed the literature describing the detection of nHPyV in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Moens
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Ugo Moens,
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Valeria Pietropaolo,
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12
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Gioia CD, Zullo F, Vecchio RCB, Pajno C, Perrone G, Galoppi P, Pecorini F, Mascio DD, Carletti R, Prezioso C, Pietropaolo V, Masuelli L, Bei R, Ciallella C, Rocca CD, Giancotti A, Brunelli R. Stillbirth and fetal capillary infection by SARS-CoV-2. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021; 4:100523. [PMID: 34700024 PMCID: PMC8541829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We presented the case of stillbirth in a paucisymptomatic mother affected by SARS-CoV-2. At gross examination, the placenta showed a diffuse marble appearance and a focal hemorrhagic area. Multiple areas of hemorrhagic or ischemic necrosis with central and peripheral villous infarctions and thrombosis of several maternal and fetal vessels with luminal fibrin and platelet deposition were observed. All lesions seemed to be synchronous. Virus particles were identified within the cytoplasm of endothelial cells using electron microscopy, whereas SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the placental tissue using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Here, fetal vascular malperfusion was associated with infection; in fact, electron microscopy images showed that marked SARS-CoV-2 endotheliotropism involved the intravillous fetal capillaries. Furthermore, we confirmed that syncytiotrophoblast is the major target cell type for SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta. In conclusion, the possible consequences of the action of the placentotropic SARS-CoV-2 included the occurrence of vertical transmission, as reported in the literature, and/or stillbirth: the latter possibility may be triggered by a hampered maternal and/or fetal perfusion of the placenta. The diffuse thrombosis and subsequent ischemia of fetal capillaries induced by COVID-19 cannot be predicted by standard clinical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cira di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zullo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Cristina Pajno
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Perrone
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Galoppi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pecorini
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Mascio
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Costantino Ciallella
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Della Rocca
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Giancotti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Brunelli
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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13
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Prezioso C, Grimaldi A, Landi D, Nicoletti CG, Brazzini G, Piacentini F, Passerini S, Limongi D, Ciotti M, Palamara AT, Marfia GA, Pietropaolo V. Risk Assessment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Multiple Sclerosis Patients during 1 Year of Ocrelizumab Treatment. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091684. [PMID: 34578264 PMCID: PMC8473394 DOI: 10.3390/v13091684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by the JC virus is the main limitation to the use of disease modifying therapies for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: To assess the PML risk in course of ocrelizumab, urine and blood samples were collected from 42 MS patients at baseline (T0), at 6 (T2) and 12 months (T4) from the beginning of therapy. After JCPyV-DNA extraction, a quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) was performed. Moreover, assessment of JCV-serostatus was obtained and arrangements’ analysis of non-coding control region (NCCR) and of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) was carried out. Results: Q-PCR revealed JCPyV-DNA in urine at all selected time points, while JCPyV-DNA was detected in plasma at T4. From T0 to T4, JC viral load in urine was detected, increased in two logarithms and, significantly higher, compared to viremia. NCCR from urine was archetypal. Plasmatic NCCR displayed deletion, duplication, and point mutations. VP1 showed the S269F substitution involving the receptor-binding region. Anti-JCV index and IgM titer were found to statistically decrease during ocrelizumab treatment. Conclusions: Ocrelizumab in JCPyV-DNA positive patients is safe and did not determine PML cases. Combined monitoring of ocrelizumab’s effects on JCPyV pathogenicity and on host immunity might offer a complete insight towards predicting PML risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.P.)
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico di Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (D.L.); (C.G.N.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Doriana Landi
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico di Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (D.L.); (C.G.N.); (G.A.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Gabri Nicoletti
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico di Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (D.L.); (C.G.N.); (G.A.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brazzini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesca Piacentini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Sara Passerini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Dolores Limongi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Telematic University, 00163 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Laboratory of Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Girolama Alessandra Marfia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico di Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (D.L.); (C.G.N.); (G.A.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (V.P.)
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14
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Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Moens U. Role of Virus-Induced Host Cell Epigenetic Changes in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158346. [PMID: 34361112 PMCID: PMC8346956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor viruses human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) account for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Although the oncoproteins of these tumor viruses display no sequence similarity to one another, they use the same mechanisms to convey cancer hallmarks on the infected cell. Perturbed gene expression is one of the underlying mechanisms to induce cancer hallmarks. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA affect gene expression without introducing changes in the DNA sequence. Increasing evidence demonstrates that oncoviruses cause epigenetic modifications, which play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. In this review, recent advances in the role of host cell epigenetic changes in virus-induced cancers are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
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15
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Prezioso C, Moens U, Oliveto G, Brazzini G, Piacentini F, Frasca F, Viscido A, Scordio M, Guerrizio G, Rodio DM, Pierangeli A, d’Ettorre G, Turriziani O, Antonelli G, Scagnolari C, Pietropaolo V. KI and WU Polyomavirus in Respiratory Samples of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061259. [PMID: 34207902 PMCID: PMC8229673 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared a global pandemic. Our goal was to determine whether co-infections with respiratory polyomaviruses, such as Karolinska Institutet polyomavirus (KIPyV) and Washington University polyomavirus (WUPyV) occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Oropharyngeal swabs from 150 individuals, 112 symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 38 healthcare workers not infected by SARS-CoV-2, were collected from March 2020 through May 2020 and tested for KIPyV and WUPyV DNA presence. Of the 112 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, 27 (24.1%) were co-infected with KIPyV, 5 (4.5%) were positive for WUPyV, and 3 (2.7%) were infected simultaneously by KIPyV and WUPyV. Neither KIPyV nor WUPyV DNA was detected in samples of healthcare workers. Significant correlations were found in patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and KIPyV (p < 0.05) and between SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values and KIPyV, WUPyV and KIPyV and WUPyV concurrently detected (p < 0.05). These results suggest that KIPyV and WUPyV may behave as opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Additional investigations are needed to understand the epidemiology and the prevalence of respiratory polyomavirus in COVID-19 patients and whether KIPyV and WUPyV could potentially drive viral interference or influence disease outcomes by upregulating SARS-CoV-2 replicative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brazzini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
| | - Francesca Piacentini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guerrizio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.O.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (M.S.); (G.G.); (D.M.R.); (A.P.); (O.T.); (G.A.); (C.S.)
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.P.); (G.d.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Sapienza” University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I”, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49914439
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16
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Prezioso C, Van Ghelue M, Pietropaolo V, Moens U. Detection of Quebec Polyomavirus DNA in Samples from Different Patient Groups. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051082. [PMID: 34070030 PMCID: PMC8158138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomaviruses infect many species, including humans. So far, 15 polyomaviruses have been described in humans, but it remains to be established whether all of these are genuine human polyomaviruses. The most recent polyomavirus to be detected in a person is Quebec polyomavirus (QPyV), which was identified in a metagenomic analysis of a stool sample from an 85-year-old hospitalized man. We used PCR to investigate the presence of QPyV DNA in urine samples from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (67 patients; 135 samples), multiple sclerosis patients (n = 35), HIV-positive patients (n = 66) and pregnant women (n = 65). Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid from patients with suspected neurological diseases (n = 63), nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients (n = 80) with respiratory symptoms and plasma samples from HIV-positive patients (n = 65) were examined. QPyV DNA was found in urine from 11 (16.4%), 10 (15.4%) and 5 (14.3%) SLE patients, pregnant women, and multiple sclerosis patients, respectively. No QPyV DNA could be detected in the other samples. Alignment with the only available QPyV sequence in the GenBank revealed amino acid substitutions in the HI-loop of capsid protein VP1 in 6/28 of the isolates. Our results show that QPyV viruria can occur, but whether it may cause clinical symptoms in the patients remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-degenerative Pathologies, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
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17
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Abstract
As guest editors, we are pleased to present this Special Issue on BK virus (BKV) and transplantation with the intention of exploring some aspects related to BKV-associated diseases in transplant recipients, since they are still unclear [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Abstract
Background Human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) and HPyV7 are two of the novel polyomaviruses that were originally detected in non-diseased skin. Serological studies have shown that these viruses are ubiquitous in the healthy adult population with seroprevalence up to 88% for HPyV6 and 72% for HPyV7. Both viruses are associated with pruritic skin eruption in immunocompromised patients, but a role with other diseases in immunoincompetent patients or malignancies has not been established. Methods PCR was used to determine the presence of HPyV6 and HPyV7 DNA in urine samples from systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 73), multiple sclerosis (n = 50), psoriasis vulgaris (n = 15), arthritic psoriasis (n = 15) and HIV-positive patients (n = 66). In addition, urine from pregnant women (n = 47) and healthy blood donors (n = 20) was investigated. Results HPyV6 DNA was detected in 21 (28.8%) of the urine specimens from SLE patients, in 6 (9.1%) of the urine samples from the HIV-positive cohort, and in 19 (40.4%) samples from pregnant women. HPyV7 DNA was only found in 6 (8.2%) of the urine specimens from SLE patients and in 4 (8.5%) samples from pregnant women. No HPyV6 and HPyV7 viruria was detected in the urine samples from the other patients. Conclusions HPyV6, and to a lesser extend HPyV7, viruria seems to be common in SLE and HIV-positive patients, and pregnant women. Whether these viruses are of clinical relevance in these patients is not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Marijke Van Ghelue
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Prezioso C, Carletti R, Obregon F, Piacentini F, Manicone AM, Soda G, Moens U, Di Gioia C, Pietropaolo V. Evaluation of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus DNA in Tissue Samples from Italian Patients with Diagnosis of MCC. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010061. [PMID: 33466354 PMCID: PMC7824763 DOI: 10.3390/v13010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because the incidence of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has increased significantly during the last 10 years and it is recognized that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation represent two different etiological inputs sharing clinical, histopathological, and prognostic similar features, although with different prognosis, this study investigated the detection of MCPyV in skin and lymph nodes with histological diagnosis of MCC. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) were retrieved from archived specimens and MCPyV non-coding control region (NCCR) and viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) sequences were amplified and sequenced. Results provide an interesting observation concerning the discrepancy between the MCPyV DNA status in primary and metastatic sites: in fact, in all cases in which primary and metastatic lesions were investigated, MCPyV DNA was detected only in the primary lesions. Our data further support the “hit-and-run” theory, also proposed by other authors, and may lead to speculation that in some MCCs the virus is only necessary for the process of tumor initiation and that further mutations may render the tumor independent from the virus. Few point mutations were detected in the NCCR and only silent mutations were observed in the VP1 sequence compared to the MCPyV MCC350 isolate. To unequivocally establish a role of MCPyV in malignancies, additional well-controlled investigations are required, and larger cohorts should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (F.O.); (F.P.)
- Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-degenerative Pathologies, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francisco Obregon
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesca Piacentini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Soda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (F.O.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49914439
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20
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Bitossi C, Frasca F, Viscido A, Oliveto G, Scordio M, Belloni L, Cimino G, Pietropaolo V, Gentile M, d’Ettorre G, Midulla F, Trancassini M, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A, Scagnolari C. SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes Expression in Relation with Interferon Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010093. [PMID: 33401565 PMCID: PMC7824643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression rate of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main viral receptor and the proteases, furin and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals is poorly known. Hence, we examined their levels in upper respiratory samples of CF patients (n = 46) and healthy controls (n = 45). Moreover, we sought to understand the interplay of type I interferon (IFN-I) with ACE2, furin and TMPRSS2 by evaluating their gene expression with respect to ISG15, a well-known marker of IFN activation, in upper respiratory samples and after ex vivo IFNβ exposure. Lower ACE2 levels and trends toward the reduction of furin and TMPRSS2 were found in CF patients compared with the healthy controls; decreased ACE2 amounts were also detected in CF individuals with pancreatic insufficiency and in those receiving inhaled antibiotics. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between ISG15 and ACE2 levels. However, after ex vivo IFNβ stimulation of nasopharyngeal cells, the truncated isoform (dACE2), recently demonstrated as the IFN stimulated one with respect to the full-length isoform (flACE2), slightly augmented in cells from CF patients whereas in those from healthy donors, dACE2 levels showed variable levels of upregulation. An altered expression of SARS-COV-2 entry genes and a poor responsiveness of dACE2 to IFN-I stimulation might be crucial in the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bitossi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Belloni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Cimino
- Lazio Reference Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (G.d.); (M.T.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (G.d.); (M.T.)
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (G.d.); (M.T.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Turriziani O, Sciandra I, Mazzuti L, Di Carlo D, Bitossi C, Calabretto M, Guerrizio G, Oliveto G, Riveros Cabral RJ, Viscido A, Falasca F, Gentile M, Pietropaolo V, Rodio DM, Carattoli A, Antonelli G. SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics in the virology laboratory of a University Hospital in Rome during the lockdown period. J Med Virol 2020; 93:886-891. [PMID: 32697357 PMCID: PMC7405396 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Italy was one of the most affected nations by coronavirus disease 2019 outside China. The infections, initially limited to Northern Italy, spread to all other Italian regions. This study aims to provide a snapshot of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) epidemiology based on a single‐center laboratory experience in Rome. The study retrospectively included 6565 subjects tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 at the Laboratory of Virology of Sapienza University Hospital in Rome from 6 March to 4 May. A total of 9995 clinical specimens were analyzed, including nasopharyngeal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, gargle lavages, stools, pleural fluids, and cerebrospinal fluids. Positivity to SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in 8% (527/6565) of individuals, increased with age, and was higher in male patients (P < .001). The number of new confirmed cases reached a peak on 18 March and then decreased. The virus was detected in respiratory samples, in stool and in pleural fluids, while none of gargle lavage or cerebrospinal fluid samples gave a positive result. This analysis allowed to gather comprehensive information on SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemiology in our area, highlighting positivity variations over time and in different sex and age group and the need for a continuous surveillance of the infection, mostly because the pandemic evolution remains unknown. This is the first study reporting an epidemiological insight for the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Rome. The containing measures have been effective to flatten epidemiological curve. Gender and age are important contributor to lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Turriziani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Sciandra
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzuti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Carlo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Calabretto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guerrizio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Rodolfo J Riveros Cabral
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Falasca
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella M Rodio
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carattoli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Microbiology and Virology Unit, Sapienza University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I", Rome, Italy
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22
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Scagnolari C, Bitossi C, Frasca F, Viscido A, Brazzini G, Trancassini M, Pietropaolo V, Midulla F, Cimino G, Palange P, Pierangeli A, Antonelli G. Differential toll like receptor expression in cystic fibrosis patients' airways during rhinovirus infection. J Infect 2020; 81:726-735. [PMID: 32712204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since an inappropriate and sustained activation of TLRs may contribute to a chronic inflammatory response resulting in detrimental effects in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, we sought to examine whether HRV infection might alter the respiratory expression of TLRs according to the microbiological status of CF patients. METHODS Respiratory samples were collected from the respiratory tract of CF patients (n = 294) over a period of 12 months. In addition to the usual microbiological investigation, HRV-RNA detection and typing were performed by RT-PCR and sequencing. HRV viral load and TLRs levels were measured by RT-Real Time PCR. RESULTS HRV-RNA was detected in 80 out of 515 respiratory samples (15.5%) with a similar rate in all age groups (0-10 years, 11-24 years, ≥ 25 years). Patients infected with different HRV A, B and C species exhibited higher levels of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR8 as compared to HRV negative patients. Moreover, the expression level of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR8 correlated with high level of HRV viral load. HRV positive patients co-colonized by Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed also enhanced amounts of TLR2 and TLR2/4-mRNAs expression respectively. In the case of presence of both bacteria, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8 and TLR9 levels are elevated in positive HRV patients. CONCLUSIONS TLRs, especially TLR2 and TLR4, increased in HRV positive CF individuals and varies according to the presence of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and both bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Scagnolari
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Camilla Bitossi
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Frasca
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Brazzini
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cimino
- Lazio Reference Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palange
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Virology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated to Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University, Viale di Porta Tiburtina, 28, 00185 Rome, Italy
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23
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Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Moens U. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus and Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1774. [PMID: 32635198 PMCID: PMC7407210 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the cause of approximately 15% of all human cancers. Both RNA and DNA human tumor viruses have been identified, with Merkel cell polyomavirus being the most recent one to be linked to cancer. This virus is associated with about 80% of Merkel cell carcinomas, a rare, but aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Despite its name, the cells of origin of this tumor may not be Merkel cells. This review provides an update on the structure and life cycle, cell tropism and epidemiology of the virus and its oncogenic properties. Putative strategies to prevent viral infection or treat virus-positive Merkel cell carcinoma patients are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (C.P.)
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
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24
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Prezioso C, Obregon F, Ambroselli D, Petrolo S, Checconi P, Rodio DM, Coppola L, Nardi A, de Vito C, Sarmati L, Andreoni M, Palamara AT, Ciotti M, Pietropaolo V. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the Context of Immunosuppression: Genetic Analysis of Noncoding Control Region (NCCR) Variability among a HIV-1-Positive Population. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050507. [PMID: 32375383 PMCID: PMC7291121 DOI: 10.3390/v12050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Since limited data are available about the prevalence of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and the genetic variability of its noncoding control region (NCCR) in the context of immunosuppression, this study aimed to investigate the distribution of MCPyV in anatomical sites other than the skin and the behavior of NCCR among an HIV-1-positive population. Methods: Urine, plasma, and rectal swabs specimens from a cohort of 66 HIV-1-positive patients were collected and subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for MCPyV DNA detection. MCPyV-positive samples were amplified by nested PCR targeting the NCCR, and NCCRs alignment was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of mutations and to identify putative binding sites for cellular factors. Results: MCPyV DNA was detected in 10/66 urine, in 7/66 plasma, and in 23/66 rectal samples, with a median value of 5 × 102 copies/mL, 1.5 × 102 copies/mL, and 2.3 × 103 copies/mL, respectively. NCCR sequence analysis revealed a high degree of homology with the MCC350 reference strain in urine, whereas transitions, transversions, and single or double deletions were observed in plasma and rectal swabs. In these latter samples, representative GTT and GTTGA insertions were also observed. Search for putative binding sites of cellular transcription factors showed that in several strains, deletions, insertions, or single base substitutions altered the NCCR canonical configuration. Conclusions: Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of numerous mutations in the NCCR, including insertions and deletions. Whether these mutations may have an impact on the pathogenic features of the virus remains to be determined. qPCR measured on average a low viral load in the specimens analyzed, with the exception of those with the GTTGA insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00166 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.T.P.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
| | - Francisco Obregon
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
| | - Donatella Ambroselli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
| | - Sara Petrolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
| | - Paola Checconi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
| | - Luigi Coppola
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Policlinic Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (L.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Angelo Nardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
| | - Corrado de Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Policlinic Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (L.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Andreoni
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Policlinic Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (L.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00166 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.T.P.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.O.); (D.A.); (S.P.); (D.M.R.); (A.N.); (C.d.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-4991-4439
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Bressan A, Rodio DM, Stangherlin F, Puggioni G, Ambrosi C, Arcari G, Carattoli A, Antonelli G, Pietropaolo V, Trancassini M. In vitro activity of fosfomycin against mucoid and non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 20:328-331. [PMID: 32105800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent infectious agent in cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa resistance to first line antibiotics limits therapeutic options, but the therapeutic potential of older generation antibiotics, such as fosfomycin is under investigation. Fosfomycin does not belong to any other antibiotic class and acts by inhibiting the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall during the initial phases. A major problem for the use of fosfomycin against P. aeruginosa is the absence of a clinical breakpoint, the last one of 32 μg/mL was proposed in 2013 by the CA-SFM (Comité de l'Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie). METHODS Sixty-one strains of P. aeruginosa (thirty mucoid and thirty-one non mucoid) were collected from respiratory samples of cystic fibrosis patients. All isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF (Bruker, Bremen, Germany). Fosfomycin MICs against P. aeruginosa were measured using an automated system and confirmed by the gold standard method. RESULTS There was no significant difference between mucoid and non-mucoid strains. MIC distribution and susceptibility rates were obtained by agar dilution method and from this data we measured MIC50 and MIC90 which were equal to 32 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively. From automated method results we measured a very major error (VME), major error (ME) and categorical agreement (CA) which were equal to 0%, 11% and 89%, respectively. Comparing automated and agar dilution methods, a Cohen's kappa equal to 73% (0.726) was measured. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that fosfomycin has good effect against mucoid and non-mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa and automated systems can be implemented in clinical microbiology laboratories to assess fosfomycin with rapid and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bressan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D M Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University Rome, Italy
| | - F Stangherlin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Puggioni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ambrosi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University Rome, Italy
| | - G Arcari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Carattoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - V Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University Rome, Italy
| | - M Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University Rome, Italy.
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26
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Prezioso C, Zingaropoli MA, Iannetta M, Rodio DM, Altieri M, Conte A, Vullo V, Ciardi MR, Palamara AT, Pietropaolo V. Which is the best PML risk stratification strategy in natalizumab-treated patients affected by multiple sclerosis? Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 41:102008. [PMID: 32087593 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a brain infection caused by John Cunningham virus (JCPyV), is the main limitation to the use of natalizumab, highly effective in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Establishing the PML risk against expected benefits represents an obligatory requirement of MS treatment algorithm. In order to achieve this goal, the aims of this study were to establish if JCPyV-DNA detection and non-coding control region (NCCR) arrangements could play a role of biomarkers, supporting anti-JCPyV antibodies measurement, actually the only parameter for PML risk stratification. METHODS Thirty RRMS patients in treatment with natalizumab were enrolled. Urine and blood samples were collected according to this calendar: baseline (T0), 4 (T1), 8 (T2), 12 (T3), 16 (T4), 20 months (T5) after beginning of natalizumab therapy. After JCPyV DNA extraction, a specific quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) and arrangements' analysis of NCCR and Viral Capsid Protein 1 (VP1) were carried out. RESULTS Q-PCR detected JCPyV DNA in urine and blood from baseline (T0) to 20 natalizumab infusions (T5), although JC viral load in urine was significantly higher compared to viremia, at all selected time points. A contextual analysis of the anti-JCPyV-antibodies versus JCPyV-DNA detection revealed that viral DNA preceded the antibodies' presence in the serum. During the first year of natalizumab treatment, sequences isolated from blood displayed an archetype JCPyV NCCR structure with the occurrence of point mutations, whereas after one year NCCR re-organizations were observed in plasma and PBMC with duplication of NF-1 binding site in box F, duplication of box C and partial or total deletion of box D. VP1 analysis showed the amino acid change mutation S269F in plasma and S267L in PBMC, involving the receptor-binding region of VP1. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a stability and a similarity across different isolates of the JCPyV VP1. CONCLUSIONS We highly recommend considering JCPyV-DNA detection and NCCR re-organizations as viral biomarkers in order to accurately identify JCPyV-infected patients with a specific humoral response not yet detectable and to identify NCCR arrangements correlated with the onset of neurovirulent variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-degenerative Pathologies, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Department of System Medicine Infectious Disease Clinic, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Altieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-degenerative Pathologies, Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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27
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Ciardi MR, Zingaropoli MA, Iannetta M, Prezioso C, Perri V, Pasculli P, Lichtner M, d'Ettorre G, Altieri M, Conte A, Pietropaolo V, Mastroianni CM, Vullo V. JCPyV NCCR analysis in PML patients with different risk factors: exploring common rearrangements as essential changes for neuropathogenesis. Virol J 2020; 17:23. [PMID: 32046748 PMCID: PMC7014659 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-1295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During severe immunosuppression or treatment with specific biological drugs, human polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) may establish a lytic infection in oligodendrocytes, leading to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Beyond AIDS, which represents the most common predisposing condition, several biological drugs have been associated to the development of PML, such as natalizumab, fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate, which have been showed to increase the risk of PML in the multiple sclerosis (MS) population. JCPyV non-coding control region (NCCR) can be found in two different forms: a virulent neurotropic pathogenic form and a latent non-pathogenic form. The neurotropic forms contain a rearranged NCCR and are typically found in the cerebrospinal fluid, brain or blood of PML patients. Case presentation We sequenced and critically examined JCPyV NCCR from isolates detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of four newly diagnosed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients: two HIV-positive and two HIV-negative multiple sclerosis patients. More complex NCCR rearrangements were observed in the two HIV-positive patients compared to the HIV-negative multiple sclerosis patients with PML. Conclusions The comparison of HIV-positive and HIV-negative MS patients with PML, allowed us to evidence the presence of a common pattern of JCPyV NCCR rearrangement, characterized by the deletion of the D-block, which could be one of the initial rearrangements of JCPyV NCCR needed for the development of PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Perri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasculli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Lichtner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Via Canova, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Altieri
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 30, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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28
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Mari E, Nudo M, Palese E, Cotticelli L, Cotticelli C, Zino G, Coppola R, Di Lella FM, Arcari G, Rodio DM, Prezioso C, Pietropaolo V, Devirgiliis V, Panasiti V. Beyond appearance: An unusual manifestation of isolated oral secondary syphilis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419845566. [PMID: 31020874 PMCID: PMC6484239 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419845566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Syphilis is a sexually acquired chronic infection caused by Treponema pallidum and is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. The secondary stage of the disease results from the hematogenous and lymphatic dissemination of treponemes after a few weeks or months, and it is characterized by recurrent activity of the disease, with muco-cutaneous as well as systemic manifestations. Mucosal lesions range from small, superficial ulcers that resemble painless aphthae to large gray plaques, and they are generally associated with systemic manifestations of the disease. The exclusive asymptomatic oral localization not associated with general manifestations is uncommon but may actually be unrecognized and under-reported. We report a case of isolated oral manifestation as the unique presentation of secondary syphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mari
- 1 Division of Dermatology, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Nudo
- 1 Division of Dermatology, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Palese
- 1 Division of Dermatology, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Cotticelli
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Cotticelli
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Zino
- 1 Division of Dermatology, IDI-IRCCS-FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Coppola
- 3 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Di Lella
- 4 Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Arcari
- 5 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- 5 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- 5 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- 5 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Devirgiliis
- 3 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panasiti
- 3 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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29
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Spaziante M, Franchi C, Taliani G, D'Avolio A, Pietropaolo V, Biliotti E, Esvan R, Venditti M. Serum Bactericidal Activity Levels Monitor to Guide Intravenous Dalbavancin Chronic Suppressive Therapy of Inoperable Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: A Case Report. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz427. [PMID: 31737736 PMCID: PMC6847610 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a case of a methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci prosthetic valve endocarditis in a patient considered not eligible for valve replacement due to high perioperative mortality risk and who did not tolerate oral antibiotic treatment. Under these circumstances, intravenous long-term chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy with dalbavancin, scheduling the doses using the serum bactericidal activity titers, proved to be safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Spaziante
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Franchi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Taliani
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Biliotti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rozenn Esvan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Venditti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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30
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Abstract
In recent years, the Polyomaviridae family grew rapidly, thanks to the introduction of high-throughput molecular techniques. To date, 14 polyomaviruses have been identified in humans but the association with human diseases has been established only for few of them. BKPyV has been associated with nephropathy in kidney transplant patients and hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients; JCPyV to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, mainly in HIV-positive patients; Merkel cell polyomavirus to Merkel cell carcinoma; Trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus to the rare skin disease Trichodysplasia spinulosa; human polyomaviruses 6 and 7 to pruritic rash. Immunocompromised patients are at risk of developing disease. Here, we summarized and discussed the scientific literature concerning the human polyomaviruses biology, seroprevalence and association with human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciotti
- Laboratory of Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health & Infectious Diseases, ‘Sapienza’ University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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31
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Anselmo A, Prezioso C, Saccà FA, Di Lella FM, Palmieri G, Tisone G, Pietropaolo V, Ciotti M. Kidney graft failure induced by BKPyV replication despite a strong reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1698-1701. [PMID: 30866070 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BKPyV replication is a risk factor for the development of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients. Here, the case of a 42 years old Caucasian patient is described who developed a kidney allograft failure because of uncontrolled BKPyV replication 7 months after transplant despite a strong reduction of the immunosuppressive therapy. The genetic analysis of the noncoding control region did not show rearrangement but two point mutations at nucleotide positions 18 and 31 within P block. The mutation at position 31 involved the nuclear factor-1 site. Sequencing of the VP1 region revealed a subtype I/subgroup b-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Anselmo
- Department of Surgery Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Transplantation Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Antonino Saccà
- Department of Surgery Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Transplantation Surgery, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Di Lella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giampiero Palmieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Department of Surgery Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Transplantation Surgery, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Department of Integrated Care Processes, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Polyclinic Tor Vergata Foundation, Rome, Italy
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32
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Iannetta M, Zingaropoli MA, Latronico T, Pati I, Pontecorvo S, Prezioso C, Pietropaolo V, Cortese A, Frontoni M, D'Agostino C, Francia A, Vullo V, Mastroianni CM, Liuzzi GM, Ciardi MR. Dynamic changes of MMP-9 plasma levels correlate with JCV reactivation and immune activation in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:311. [PMID: 30670793 PMCID: PMC6342994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the changes of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 plasma levels during natalizumab treatment and their correlation with JC virus (JCV) reactivation and T-lymphocyte phenotypic modifications in peripheral blood samples from 34 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. MMP-9 levels were assessed by zymography in plasma samples. JCV-DNA was detected through quantitative real time PCR in plasma samples. T-lymphocyte phenotype was assessed with flow cytometry. MMP-9 plasma levels resulted increased from 12 to 24 natalizumab infusions. Stratifying plasma samples according to JCV-DNA detection, MMP-9 plasma levels were significantly increased in JCV-DNA positive than JCV-DNA negative samples. MMP-9 plasma levels resulted positively correlated with JCV viral load. CD4 immune senescence, CD8 immune activation and CD8 effector percentages were positively correlated to MMP-9 plasma levels, whereas a negative correlation between CD8 naïve percentages and MMP-9 plasma levels was found. Our data indicate an increase of MMP-9 plasma levels between 12 and 24 natalizumab infusions and a correlation with JCV-DNA detection in plasma, T-lymphocyte immune activation and senescence. These findings could contribute to understand PML pathogenesis under natalizumab treatment, suggesting a potential role of MMP-9 as a predictive marker of PML in RRMS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iannetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Latronico
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pati
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Pontecorvo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cortese
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Frontoni
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Francia
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Maria Liuzzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, Aldo Moro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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33
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Palese E, Nudo M, Zino G, Devirgiliis V, Carbotti M, Cinelli E, Rodio DM, Bressan A, Prezioso C, Ambrosi C, Scribano D, Pietropaolo V, Fioriti D, Panasiti V. Cutaneous candidiasis caused by Candida albicans in a young non-immunosuppressed patient: an unusual presentation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018; 32:2058738418781368. [PMID: 29882446 PMCID: PMC6398342 DOI: 10.1177/2058738418781368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeasts that belong to the genus Candida. There are over 20 species of Candida yeasts that can cause infection in humans, the most common of which is Candida albicans. Candida yeasts normally reside in the intestinal tract and can be found on mucous membranes and skin without causing infection. However, under immunocompromised conditions, Candida can cause significant infections in susceptible patients. Herein, we report a peculiar presentation of a C. albicans cutaneous infection in an immunocompetent young subject. This case widens our knowledge on the C. albicans infections both in terms of host susceptibility and cutaneous manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Palese
- 1 Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Therapy Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Nudo
- 1 Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Therapy Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Zino
- 1 Dermatologic Surgery and Laser Therapy Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Carbotti
- 3 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cinelli
- 3 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- 4 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Bressan
- 4 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- 4 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- 4 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- 4 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- 4 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fioriti
- 5 Clinical Pathology Operative Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Panasiti
- 3 Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
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Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Bagnato F, Antonelli G. John Cunningham virus: an overview on biology and disease of the etiological agent of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. New Microbiol 2018; 41:179-186. [PMID: 29620790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
John Cunningham virus (JCV), the etiological agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), is the first human polyomavirus described. After asymptomatic primary infection which occurs in childhood, the virus spreads by the hematogenous route from the primary site of infection to secondary sites including kidneys, lymphoid tissues, peripheral blood leukocytes, and brain to establish latent infection. During immunosuppression the virus undergoes molecular rearrangements that allow it to replicate in glial tissues causing PML. PML occurs in people with underlying immunodeficiency or in individuals being treated with potent immunomodulatory therapies. Although the hypothesis that immune deficiency is a predisposing factor for PML, there are many unsolved issues including the pathogenic mechanisms related to the interaction of JCV infection/reactivation with the host. This is due to the difficulty of propagating the virus in human cell cultures and the absence of an animal model. This review updates current understanding in the context of JCV and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bagnato
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University Rome, Italy
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Rodio DM, Bressan A, Ambrosi C, Scribano D, Tolli R, Mansour W, Speziale F, Antonelli G, Trancassini M, Pietropaolo V. Yersinia enterocolitica in Italy: A Case of Septicemia and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:156. [PMID: 29881725 PMCID: PMC5978273 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in a 63-year-old patient admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department of Umberto I Hospital (Rome, Italy) for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The microorganism, recovered from both peripheral blood cultures and aneurysmatic aortic wall specimens, was identified as Y. enterocolitica using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis (MALDI-TOF MS) and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. The isolate responsible for septicemia belonged to the O:9 serotype (biogroup 2). A genetic screening of the isolate made it possible to detect the presence of both the yst and ail genes, encoding a heat-stable enterotoxin and a protein involved in invasion/adherence and serum resistance, respectively. Our case contributes in enriching epidemiological data concerning Y. enterocolitica infections, which might represent severe complications in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, this study, together with the others, should be regarded as valuable and useful tools for monitoring the rate of infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella M. Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Bressan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Dani Di Giò Foundation–Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Tolli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana Mariano Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Wassim Mansour
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Department of Surgery Paride Stefanini, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Speziale
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, Department of Surgery Paride Stefanini, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Prezioso C, Scribano D, Rodio DM, Ambrosi C, Trancassini M, Palamara AT, Pietropaolo V. COS-7-based model: methodological approach to study John Cunningham virus replication cycle. Virol J 2018; 15:29. [PMID: 29402297 PMCID: PMC5799914 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
John Cunningham virus (JCV) is a human neurotropic polyomavirus whose replication in the Central Nervous System (SNC) induces the fatal demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCV propagation and PML investigation have been severely hampered by the lack of an animal model and cell culture systems to propagate JCV have been very limited in their availability and robustness. We previously confirmed that JCV CY strain efficiently replicated in COS-7 cells as demonstrated by the progressive increase of viral load by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) during the time of transfection and that archetypal regulatory structure was maintained, although two characteristic point mutations were detected during the viral cycle. This short report is an important extension of our previous efforts in defining our reliable model culture system able to support a productive JCV infection. Supernatants collected from transfected cells have been used to infect freshly seeded COS-7 cell line. An infectious viral progeny was obtained as confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. During infection, the archetype regulatory region was conserved. Importantly, in this study we developed an improved culture system to obtain a large scale production of JC virus in order to study the genetic features, the biology and the pathogenic mechanisms of JC virus that induce PML.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectous Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - D Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectous Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - D M Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectous Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ambrosi
- Department of Public Health and Infectous Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, Rome, Italy
| | - M Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectous Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - A T Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Rome, Italy
| | - V Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectous Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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White MK, Bellizzi A, Ibba G, Pietropaolo V, Palamara AT, Wollebo HS. The DNA damage response promotes polyomavirus JC infection by nucleus to cytoplasm NF- kappaB activation. Virol J 2017; 14:31. [PMID: 28202068 PMCID: PMC5312431 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infection of glial cells by human neurotropic polyomavirus JC (JCV), the causative agent of the CNS demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), rapidly inflicts damage to cellular DNA. This activates DNA damage response (DDR) signaling including induction of expression of DNA repair factor Rad51. We previously reported that Rad51 co-operates with the transcription factor NF-κB p65 to activate JCV early transcription. Thus Rad51 induction by JCV infection may provide positive feedback for viral activation early in JCV infection. DDR is also known to stimulate NF-κB activity, a phenomenon known as nucleus to cytoplasm or “inside-out” NF-κB signaling, which is initiated by Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein, a serine/threonine kinase recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks. Downstream of ATM, there occurs a series of post-translational modifications of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO), the γ regulatory subunit of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK), resulting in NF-κB activation. Methods We analyzed the effects of downstream pathways in the DDR by phosphospecific Western blots and analysis of the subcellular distribution of NEMO by cell fractionation and immunocytochemistry. The role of DDR in JCV infection was analyzed using a small molecule inhibitor of ATM (KU-55933). NEMO sumoylation was investigated by Western and association of ATM and NEMO by immunoprecipitation/Western blots. Results We show that JCV infection caused phosphorylation and activation of ATM while KU-55933 inhibited JCV replication. JCV infection caused a redistribution of NEMO from cytoplasm to nucleus. Co-expression of JCV large T-antigen and FLAG-tagged NEMO showed the occurrence of sumoylation of NEMO, while co-expression of ATM and FLAG-NEMO demonstrated physical association between ATM and NEMO. Conclusions We propose a model where JCV infection induces both overexpression of Rad51 protein and activation of the nucleus to cytoplasm NF-κB signaling pathway, which then act together to enhance JCV gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn K White
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 5 P.le Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ibba
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 5 P.le Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna T Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Italia, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, 5 P.le Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Pisana IRCCS, Telematic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Hassen S Wollebo
- Center for Neurovirology, Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Sauzullo I, Rodio DM, Facchinetti S, Puggioni G, De Angelis M, Goldoni P, Vullo V, Mengoni F, Trancassini M, Pietropaolo V. Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF versus smear microscopy in the early diagnosis tuberculosis in the real life of "Umberto I" Hospital Rome. New Microbiol 2016; 39:304-306. [PMID: 27551727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is one of the primary challenges in curtailing the spread of TB. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for the identification of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens, and compare this to a microscopist's diagnostic performance. Xpert MTB/ RIF was positive in all specimens with culture-confirmed TB, giving a higher sensitivity than the smear microscopy (100% versus 63%). The use of the Xpert MTB/RIF, as part of routine assay, permits rapid diagnosis of TB and enables clinicians to start an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Sauzullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Samantha Facchinetti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Puggioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Goldoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Mengoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
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Febbraro F, Rodio DM, Puggioni G, Antonelli G, Pietropaolo V, Trancassini M. MALDI-TOF MS Versus VITEK ®2: Comparison of Systems for the Identification of Microorganisms Responsible for Bacteremia. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:843-850. [PMID: 27620383 PMCID: PMC5059415 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the reliability and accuracy of the combined use of MALDI-TOF MS and classical ID VITEK2 to identify monomicrobial infection in blood culture bottles. In total, 70 consecutive positive blood cultures were included in this study. Positive blood culture bottles were subjected to Gram staining and subcultured on solid media. Isolates grown from such culture media were used for classical ID using VITEK2 system. In parallel, an aliquot was subjected to a lysing-centrifugation method and used for the identification with the MALDI-TOF system. Results evidenced the correct genus and species identification of 91.4 % of microorganisms responsible for bacteremia with an agreement to the species and the genus level. If compared with the standard method VITEK2, our simple and cost-effective sample preparation method would be very useful for rapid identification of microorganisms using blood culture bottles. In fact, the direct method showed rapid and reliable results, especially for the gram-negative group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Puggioni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Iannetta M, Zingaropoli MA, Bellizzi A, Morreale M, Pontecorvo S, D’Abramo A, Oliva A, Anzivino E, Lo Menzo S, D’Agostino C, Mastroianni CM, Millefiorini E, Pietropaolo V, Francia A, Vullo V, Ciardi MR. Natalizumab Affects T-Cell Phenotype in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for JCV Reactivation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160277. [PMID: 27486658 PMCID: PMC4972347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-CD49d monoclonal antibody natalizumab is currently an effective therapy against the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Natalizumab therapeutic efficacy is limited by the reactivation of the John Cunningham polyomavirus (JCV) and development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). To correlate natalizumab-induced phenotypic modifications of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes with JCV reactivation, JCV-specific antibodies (serum), JCV-DNA (blood and urine), CD49d expression and relative abundance of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets were longitudinally assessed in 26 natalizumab-treated RRMS patients. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and R. Natalizumab treatment reduced CD49d expression on memory and effector subsets of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. Moreover, accumulation of peripheral blood CD8+ memory and effector cells was observed after 12 and 24 months of treatment. CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte immune-activation was increased after 24 months of treatment. Higher percentages of CD8+ effectors were observed in subjects with detectable JCV-DNA. Natalizumab reduces CD49d expression on CD8+ T-lymphocyte memory and effector subsets, limiting their migration to the central nervous system and determining their accumulation in peripheral blood. Impairment of central nervous system immune surveillance and reactivation of latent JCV, can explain the increased risk of PML development in natalizumab-treated RRMS subjects.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/blood
- Female
- Humans
- JC Virus/drug effects
- JC Virus/physiology
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/complications
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/immunology
- Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/virology
- Male
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/complications
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/virology
- Natalizumab/adverse effects
- Natalizumab/pharmacology
- Phenotype
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Virus Activation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iannetta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Morreale
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Neurovascular Diagnosis Unit, Section of Neurology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pontecorvo
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra D’Abramo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Anzivino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Lo Menzo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Millefiorini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Francia
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Fischetti G, Leone P, Barrese F, Curari S, Valentini M, Morello P, Degener A, Pietropaolo V, Fioriti D, Mischitelli M, Buttiglieri A, Chiarini F. Role of Viral Infection in the Aetiology-Pathogenesis of Bladder Tumor: A Reality or Chimera? EUR J INFLAMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x0400200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the aetiology of papillary tumor of the bladder has been evaluated and a review of the literature concerning this issue was made. A group of 17 patients affected by bladder papillary tumor was analysed. Surgical specimens were collected for virological and histological analysis. The DNA of the following viruses was searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): Adenovirus, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Human Papillomaviruses (HPV), Polyomaviruses (BKV and JCV). The results showed that 15/17 (88 %) patients with papillary bladder tumor were found negative for each viral-searched DNA; only one sample was positive for HPV (6 %) genotype 6, which is considered to convey a low risk for cancer development and only one was positive for BKV (6 %). From the results obtained there seems to be no relationship between viral infection and the presence of bladder papillary tumor. Moreover, in the examined population the association bladder carcinoma-HPV, found by others, has not been confirmed. The homogeneity of the specimens studied was such that it would not be affected by the temporal factor, as were cases of more or less advanced cancers. Nonetheless specimens from patients with advanced cancers (G III) were negative to HPV infection. The data do not appear indicative for a correlation between viral DNA presence and histological parameters. Thus, in the light of the data emerging from this investigation, no causal relationship can be established between HPV infection and papillary bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A.M. Degener
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Pathology, “La Sapienza” University, Italy
| | - V. Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, “La Sapienza” University, Italy
| | - D. Fioriti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, “La Sapienza” University, Italy
| | - M. Mischitelli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, “La Sapienza” University, Italy
| | | | - F. Chiarini
- Department of Public Health Sciences, “La Sapienza” University, Italy
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Rodio DM, Anzivino E, Mischitelli M, Bellizzi A, Scrivo R, Scribano D, Conte G, Prezioso C, Trancassini M, Valesini G, Palamara AT, Pietropaolo V. Increased Prevalence of Human Polyomavirus JC Viruria in Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases Patients in Treatment with Anti-TNF α: A 18 Month Follow-Up Study. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:672. [PMID: 27242700 PMCID: PMC4861734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRDs) are immune-mediated pathologies involving joints. To date, TNFα-blocking agents administration is the most promising therapy, although these treatments are associated with an increased Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) reactivation, the etiological agent of the Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). The aim of this study was the recruitment and the analysis of a CIRDs cohort in order to investigate a possible correlation between JCPyV presence and the influence of anti-TNF-α agents on viral loads. Blood and urine samples were collected from 34 CIRDs subjects prior the first anti-TNF-α infusion (T0) and after 3 (T3), 6 (T6), 12 (T12), and 18 (T18) months. Results showed persistent JC viruria significantly higher than JC viremia throughout the 18 month follow-up study (p = 0.002). In JCPyV positive samples, the non-coding control region (NCCR) was analyzed. Results evidenced archetypal structures (type II-S) in all isolates with the exception of a sequence isolated from a plasma sample, that corresponds to the type II-R found in PML subjects. Finally, the viral protein 1 (VP1) genotyping was performed and results showed the prevalence of the European genotypes 1A, 1B, and 4. Since only few studies have been carried out to understand whether there is a PML risk in CIRDs population infected by JCPyV, this study contributes to enrich literature insight on JCPyV biology in this cluster. Further investigations are necessary in order to recognize the real impact of biologics on JCPyV life cycle and to identify possible and specific viral variants related to increased virulence in CIRDs patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Anzivino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Scrivo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Rheumatology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianlorenzo Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Rheumatology, "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, "Sapienza" University of RomeRome, Italy; San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health CareRome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, "Sapienza" University of RomeRome, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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White MK, Sariyer IK, Gordon J, Delbue S, Pietropaolo V, Berger JR, Khalili K. Diagnostic assays for polyomavirus JC and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Rev Med Virol 2015; 26:102-14. [PMID: 26663440 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a devastating and often fatal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system for which effective therapies are lacking. It is caused by the replication of polyomavirus JC (JCV) in the oligodendrocytes and astrocytes leading to their cytolytic death and loss of myelin from the subcortical white matter. While the virus is very common in human populations worldwide, the incidence of the disease is very low and confined almost exclusively to individuals with some form of immunological dysfunction. However, the number of people who constitute the at-risk population is growing larger and includes individuals with HIV-1/AIDS and patients receiving immunomodulatory therapies such as multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. Further adding to the public health significance of this disease are the difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of PML and the lack of useful biomarkers for PML progression. In this review, we examine the diagnostic assays that are available for different aspects of the JCV life cycle, their usefulness and drawbacks, and the prospects for improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn K White
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilker K Sariyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Joseph R Berger
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology and Comprehensive NeuroAIDS Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bevilacqua A, Mischitelli M, Pietropaolo V, Ciuffreda E, Sinigaglia M, Corbo MR. Genotypic and Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris: A Contribution to Species Characterization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141228. [PMID: 26484547 PMCID: PMC4618475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is the main cause of most spoilage problems in fruit juices and acidic products. Since soil borne species often contaminate fruit juices and do not need strict extreme requirements for survival, it is a great concern to investigate whether and how soil species could evolve from their ecological niches in microbial community to new environments as fruit juices. In this study, 23 isolates of thermo-acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria from soil were characterized by cultural and molecular methods. In addition, 2 strains isolated from a spoilage incident in pear juice were typed. Strains phenotyping showed that they could be grouped into 3 different clusters, and some isolates showed identical or quite similar patterns. Analyzing pH and temperature ranges for growth, the majority of strains were able to grow at values described for many species of Alicyclobacillus. Qualitative utilization of lysine, arginine and indole production from tryptophan revealed, for the first time, deamination of lysine and decarboxylation of arginine. Resistance to 5% NaCl as well as the ability to hydrolyze starch and gelatin, nitrate reduction, catalase and oxidase activities confirmed literature evidences. Examining of 16S rRNA, showed that isolates were divided into three blocks represented by effectively soil species and strains that are moving from soil to other possible growing source characterized by parameters that could strongly influence bacterial survival. RAPD PCR technique evidenced a great variability in banding patterns and, although it was not possible to obtain genotypically well-distinguished groups, it was feasible to appreciate genetic similarity between some strains. In conclusion, the investigation of a microbial community entails a combination of metagenomic and classic culture-dependent approaches to expand our knowledge about Alicyclobacillus and to look for new subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ciuffreda
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Milena Sinigaglia
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Anzivino E, Rodio DM, Mischitelli M, Bellizzi A, Sciarra A, Salciccia S, Gentile V, Pietropaolo V. High Frequency of JCV DNA Detection in Prostate Cancer Tissues. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2015; 12:189-200. [PMID: 26136219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) represents the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men. Exposure to infectious agents has been considered to induce prostatic inflammation and cancerous transformation. Controversial data exist concerning the role of the human polyomaviruses BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) in PC etiology. Therefore, a possible association between these polyomaviruses and PC was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine, blood and fresh prostatic tissue specimens were collected from 26 patients with PC. The presence of BKV and JCV, the possible non-coding control region (NCCR) variations and the genotyping analysis of viral protein 1 (VP1) of both viruses were assessed. RESULTS Data showed a preferential viral re-activation in the urinary compartment and a statistically significant prevalence of JC viruria and of BKV in PC tissues. A BKV DDP-like NCCR sequence was isolated in two patients, whereas JCV NCCR was consistently of an archetypal structural organization. A prevalence of the European genotypes was observed for both viruses. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated the presence of JCV DNA in 14/24 (58.3%) cancerous prostatic tissue specimens, confirming the results obtained in a previous study, in which JCV has been defined as common inhabitant of the prostate, and opening the discussion about its potential role in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anzivino
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Obstretics, Gynecology and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salciccia
- Department of Obstretics, Gynecology and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gentile
- Department of Obstretics, Gynecology and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.
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Pietropaolo V, Bellizzi A, Anzivino E, Iannetta M, Zingaropoli MA, Rodio DM, Morreale M, Pontecorvo S, Francia A, Vullo V, Palamara AT, Ciardi MR. Human polyomavirus JC replication and non-coding control region analysis in multiple sclerosis patients under natalizumab treatment. J Neurovirol 2015; 21:653-65. [PMID: 25930159 PMCID: PMC4628051 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last years, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with natalizumab has been associated with the occurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by human polyomavirus JC (JCV). Here, we have shown a significant correlation between patients with JC viruria and positive JC-specific antibody response and patients without JCV-specific antibodies after 1 year of natalizumab (p = 0.0006). Furthermore, JCV-specific quantitative PCR on urine and plasma samples, collected at the enrollment (t0) and every 4 months (t1, t2, t3) in the first year and at two time points (t4 and t5) in the second year of natalizumab treatment, indicated the prevalence of JC viremia rather than JC viruria only in the second year of treatment (p = 0.04). Moreover, the analysis of JCV non-coding control region (NCCR) sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with JC-specific antibodies after 12 natalizumab infusions (t3) revealed the presence of rearranged sequences, whereas the prevalence of genotypes 1A, 1B, and 4 was detected in these patients by VP1 sequence analysis. In summary, JC viruria evaluation seems to be useful to identify early those patients who do not already develop a humoral immune response against JCV. It may also be interesting to study the JCV NCCR rearrangements since they could give us new insights on the onset of neuro-invasive viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elena Anzivino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, Equipe Physiologie des cellules dendritiques, Paris, France
| | - Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Morreale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pontecorvo
- Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Ada Francia
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vullo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Mischitelli M, Bellizzi A, Anzivino E, Rodio DM, Sciarra A, Gentile V, Pietropaolo V. Results, questions, perspectives of a study on human Polyomavirus BK and molecular actors in prostate cancer development. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2015; 12:57-65. [PMID: 25770188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is a common tumor in Western countries. Several risk factors play significant roles. MYC, BIRC5/survivin, CDC25 and P53 may contribute to PC risk. As demonstrated, human Polyomavirus BK (BKV) could affect cellular homeostasis contributing to PC pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biological samples were collected from PC patients. Viral RNA was searched using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), whereas a qualitative PCR was employed to find particular viral sequences. Proper size amplicons were analyzed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in p53 coding regions by means of a specific PCR. C-MYC, BIRC5/survivin and CDC25 gene expression was investigated using a Retro Transcriptional Quantitative PCR. RESULTS Viral DNA copy number was higher in cancer tissues taken from Gleason score 9 patients with Gleason score 7. Different p53 mutated compared to patients exons were found according to tumor advanced stage and a statistical significant correlation was found between Gleason score and p53 mutational rate. C-MYC, BIRC5/survivin and CDC25 expression was de-regulated according to the literature. CONCLUSION The presence of BKV and its variants in transformed cells does not exclude viral pressure in cell immortalization. Expression of other target genes evidenced a significant change in their regulation, useful for cancer drug discovery and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mischitelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome, Rome, Italy Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Department of Neuroscience, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - Elena Anzivino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Gentile
- Department of Urology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome, Rome, Italy Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
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Mitterhofer AP, Tinti F, Pietropaolo V, Umbro I, Anzivino E, Bellizzi A, Zavatto A, Poli L, Berloco PB, Taliani G. Role of BK virus infection in end-stage renal disease patients waiting for kidney transplantation - viral replication dynamics from pre- to post-transplant. Clin Transplant 2014; 28:299-306. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paola Mitterhofer
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit; Department of Clinical Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Tinti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit; Department of Clinical Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Ilaria Umbro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit; Department of Clinical Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Elena Anzivino
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Urological Sciences; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Assunta Zavatto
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit; Department of Clinical Medicine; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Luca Poli
- Organ Transplant Unit “Paride Stefanini”; Department of General Surgery; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Pasquale Bartolomeo Berloco
- Organ Transplant Unit “Paride Stefanini”; Department of General Surgery; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Gloria Taliani
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
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Bellizzi A, Anzivino E, Rodio DM, Cioccolo S, Scrivo R, Morreale M, Pontecorvo S, Ferrari F, Di Nardo G, Nencioni L, Carluccio S, Valesini G, Francia A, Cucchiara S, Palamara AT, Pietropaolo V. Human Polyomavirus JC monitoring and noncoding control region analysis in dynamic cohorts of individuals affected by immune-mediated diseases under treatment with biologics: an observational study. Virol J 2013; 10:298. [PMID: 24079660 PMCID: PMC3849738 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) onset, caused by Polyomavirus JC (JCPyV) in patients affected by immune-mediated diseases during biological treatment, raised concerns about the safety profile of these agents. Therefore, the aims of this study were the JCPyV reactivation monitoring and the noncoding control region (NCCR) and viral protein 1 (VP1) analysis in patients affected by different immune-mediated diseases and treated with biologics. METHODS We performed JCPyV-specific quantitative PCR of biological samples collected at moment of recruitment (t0) and every 4 months (t1, t2, t3, t4). Subsequently, rearrangements' analysis of NCCR and VP1 was carried out. Data were analyzed using χ2 test. RESULTS Results showed that at t0 patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases presented a JCPyV load in the urine significantly higher (p≤0.05) than in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn's disease (CD). It can also be observed a significant association between JC viruria and JCPyV antibodies after 1 year of natalizumab (p=0.04) in MS patients. Finally, NCCR analysis showed the presence of an archetype-like sequence in all urine samples, whereas a rearranged NCCR Type IR was found in colon-rectal biopsies collected from 2 CD patients after 16 months of infliximab. Furthermore, sequences isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 2 MS patients with JCPyV antibody at t0 and t3, showed a NCCR Type IIR with a duplication of a 98 bp unit and a 66 bp insert, resulting in a boxB deletion and 37 T to G transversion into the Spi-B binding site. In all patients, a prevalence of genotypes 1A and 1B, the predominant JCPyV genotypes in Europe, was observed. CONCLUSIONS It has been important to understand whether the specific inflammatory scenario in different immune-mediated diseases could affect JCPyV reactivation from latency, in particular from kidneys. Moreover, for a more accurate PML risk stratification, testing JC viruria seems to be useful to identify patients who harbor JCPyV but with an undetectable JCPyV-specific humoral immune response. In these patients, it may also be important to study the JCPyV NCCR rearrangement: in particular, Spi-B expression in PBMCs could play a crucial role in JCPyV replication and NCCR rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bellizzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Anzivino
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Maria Rodio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cioccolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossana Scrivo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Morreale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Section of Neurology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Pontecorvo
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Nardo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Carluccio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgery and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, via Pascal 36, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Disciplines, Rheumatology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Francia
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucchiara
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Umbro I, Anzivino E, Tinti F, Zavatto A, Bellizzi A, Rodio DM, Mancini C, Pietropaolo V, Mitterhofer AP. Possible antiviral effect of ciprofloxacin treatment on polyomavirus BK replication and analysis of non-coding control region sequences. Virol J 2013; 10:274. [PMID: 24004724 PMCID: PMC3766702 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute renal dysfunction (ARD) is a common complication in renal transplant recipients. Multiple factors contribute to ARD development, including acute rejection and microbial infections. Many viral infections after kidney transplantation result from reactivation of “latent” viruses in the host or from the graft, such as the human Polyomavirus BK (BKV). We report the case of a 39 year-old recipient of a 2nd kidney graft who experienced BKV reactivation after a second episode of acute humoral rejection. A 10-day treatment with the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin was administered with an increase of immunosuppressive therapy despite the active BKV replication. Real Time PCR analysis performed after treatment with ciprofloxacin, unexpectedly showed clearance of BK viremia and regression of BK viruria. During the follow-up, BK viremia persisted undetectable while viruria decreased further and disappeared after 3 months. BKV non-coding control region sequence analysis from all positive samples always showed the presence of archetypal sequences, with two single-nucleotide substitutions and one nucleotide deletion that, interestingly, were all representative of the subtype/subgroup I/b-1 we identified by the viral protein 1 sequencing analysis. We report the potential effect of the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in the decrease of the BKV load in both blood and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Umbro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale dell'Università 37, Rome 00185, Italy.
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