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Jankowski J, Lee HK, Wilflingseder J, Hennighausen L. Interferon-regulated genetic programs and JAK/STAT pathway activate the intronic promoter of the short ACE2 isoform in renal proximal tubules. bioRxiv 2021:2021.01.15.426908. [PMID: 33501441 PMCID: PMC7836111 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.15.426908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a short, interferon-inducible isoform of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), dACE2 was identified. ACE2 is a SARS-Cov-2 receptor and changes in its renal expression have been linked to several human nephropathies. These changes were never analyzed in context of dACE2, as its expression was not investigated in the kidney. We used Human Primary Proximal Tubule (HPPT) cells to show genome-wide gene expression patterns after cytokine stimulation, with emphasis on the ACE2/dACE2 locus. Putative regulatory elements controlling dACE2 expression were identified using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. qRT-PCR differentiating between ACE2 and dACE2 revealed 300- and 600-fold upregulation of dACE2 by IFNα and IFNβ, respectively, while full length ACE2 expression was almost unchanged. JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib ablated STAT1 and dACE2 expression after interferon treatment. Finally, with RNA-seq, we identified a set of genes, largely immune-related, induced by cytokine treatment. These gene expression profiles provide new insights into cytokine response of proximal tubule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jankowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hye Kyung Lee
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Wilflingseder
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Bitossi C, Frasca F, Viscido A, Oliveto G, Scordio M, Belloni L, Cimino G, Pietropaolo V, Gentile M, d’Ettorre G, Midulla F, Trancassini M, Antonelli G, Pierangeli A, Scagnolari C. SARS-CoV-2 Entry Genes Expression in Relation with Interferon Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010093. [PMID: 33401565 PMCID: PMC7824643 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression rate of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the main viral receptor and the proteases, furin and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in cystic fibrosis (CF) individuals is poorly known. Hence, we examined their levels in upper respiratory samples of CF patients (n = 46) and healthy controls (n = 45). Moreover, we sought to understand the interplay of type I interferon (IFN-I) with ACE2, furin and TMPRSS2 by evaluating their gene expression with respect to ISG15, a well-known marker of IFN activation, in upper respiratory samples and after ex vivo IFNβ exposure. Lower ACE2 levels and trends toward the reduction of furin and TMPRSS2 were found in CF patients compared with the healthy controls; decreased ACE2 amounts were also detected in CF individuals with pancreatic insufficiency and in those receiving inhaled antibiotics. Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between ISG15 and ACE2 levels. However, after ex vivo IFNβ stimulation of nasopharyngeal cells, the truncated isoform (dACE2), recently demonstrated as the IFN stimulated one with respect to the full-length isoform (flACE2), slightly augmented in cells from CF patients whereas in those from healthy donors, dACE2 levels showed variable levels of upregulation. An altered expression of SARS-COV-2 entry genes and a poor responsiveness of dACE2 to IFN-I stimulation might be crucial in the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Bitossi
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnese Viscido
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Oliveto
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Laura Belloni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Cimino
- Lazio Reference Center for Cystic Fibrosis, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (G.d.); (M.T.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d’Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (G.d.); (M.T.)
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Maternal Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Trancassini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.P.); (G.d.); (M.T.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.B.); (F.F.); (A.V.); (G.O.); (M.S.); (M.G.); (G.A.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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