1
|
Tsekrekou M, Giannakou M, Papanikolopoulou K, Skretas G. Protein aggregation and therapeutic strategies in SOD1- and TDP-43- linked ALS. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1383453. [PMID: 38855322 PMCID: PMC11157337 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1383453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with severe socio-economic impact. A hallmark of ALS pathology is the presence of aberrant cytoplasmic inclusions composed of misfolded and aggregated proteins, including both wild-type and mutant forms. This review highlights the critical role of misfolded protein species in ALS pathogenesis, particularly focusing on Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and emphasizes the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting these misfolded proteins directly. Despite significant advancements in understanding ALS mechanisms, the disease remains incurable, with current treatments offering limited clinical benefits. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review focuses on the direct modulation of the misfolded proteins and presents recent discoveries in small molecules and peptides that inhibit SOD1 and TDP-43 aggregation, underscoring their potential as effective treatments to modify disease progression and improve clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsekrekou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Giannakou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
- ResQ Biotech, Patras Science Park, Rio, Greece
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- ResQ Biotech, Patras Science Park, Rio, Greece
- Institute for Bio-innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miao Y, Xie L, Song J, Cai X, Yang J, Ma X, Chen S, Xie P. Unraveling the causes of sarcopenia: Roles of neuromuscular junction impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15917. [PMID: 38225199 PMCID: PMC10789655 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a systemic skeletal muscle disease characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function. Originally defined as an age-associated condition, sarcopenia presently also encompasses muscular atrophy due to various pathological factors, such as intensive care unit-acquired weakness, inactivity, and malnutrition. The exact pathogenesis of sarcopenia is still unknown; herein, we review the pathological roles of the neuromuscular junction and mitochondria in this condition. Sarcopenia is caused by complex and interdependent pathophysiological mechanisms, including aging, neuromuscular junction impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, endocrine factors, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Among these, neuromuscular junction instability and mitochondrial dysfunction are particularly significant. Dysfunction in neuromuscular junction can lead to muscle weakness or paralysis. Mitochondria, which are plentiful in neurons and muscle fibers, play an important role in neuromuscular junction transmission. Therefore, impairments in both mitochondria and neuromuscular junction may be one of the key pathophysiological mechanisms leading to sarcopenia. Moreover, this article explores the structural and functional alterations in the neuromuscular junction and mitochondria in sarcopenia, suggesting that a deeper understanding of these changes could provide valuable insights for the prevention or treatment of sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Miao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Leiyu Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jiamei Song
- Department of Nursing of Affiliated HospitalZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xing Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jinghe Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of The First Clinical CollegeZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xinglong Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Shaolin Chen
- Department of Nursing of Affiliated HospitalZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi)Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paul TA, Macpherson PC, Janetzke TL, Davis CS, Jackson MJ, McArdle A, Brooks SV. Older mice show decreased regeneration of neuromuscular junctions following lengthening contraction-induced injury. GeroScience 2023; 45:1899-1912. [PMID: 36952126 PMCID: PMC10400502 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle atrophy and loss of muscle strength associated with old age have been well documented. Although age-associated impairments in skeletal muscle regeneration following injury have been demonstrated, less is known about whether aging impacts the regenerative response of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) following contraction-induced injury. Reduced ability of NMJs to regenerate could lead to increased numbers of denervated muscle fibers and therefore play a contributing role to age-related sarcopenia. To investigate the relationship between age and NMJ regeneration following injury, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of middle-aged (18-19 months) and old mice (27-28 months) were subjected to a protocol of lengthening contractions (LC) that resulted in an acute force deficit of ~55% as well as functional and histological evidence of a similar magnitude of injury 3 days post LCs that was not different between age groups. After 28 days, the architecture and innervation of the NMJs were evaluated. The numbers of fragmented endplates increased and of fully innervated NMJs decreased post-injury for the muscle of both middle-aged and old mice and for contralateral uninjured muscles of old compared with uninjured muscles of middle-aged controls. Thus, the diminished ability of the skeletal muscle of old mice to recover following injury may be due in part to an age-related decrease in the ability to regenerate NMJs in injured muscles. The impaired ability to regenerate NMJs may be a triggering factor for degenerative changes at the NMJ contributing to muscle fiber weakness and loss in old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Paul
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2029 Biomedical Sciences Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Peter C. Macpherson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Tara L. Janetzke
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Carol S. Davis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Malcolm J. Jackson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Life Course and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anne McArdle
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Life Course and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan V. Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2029 Biomedical Sciences Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amiri E, Sheikholeslami-Vatani D. The role of resistance training and creatine supplementation on oxidative stress, antioxidant defense, muscle strength, and quality of life in older adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1062832. [PMID: 37206869 PMCID: PMC10189876 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1062832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) with creatine monohydrate supplementation (CS) on serum levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in older adults. Objectives This study evaluated the effect of resistance training with creatine monohydrate supplementation on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense, muscle strength and quality of life in older adults. Methods We examined 45 non-athlete volunteer older men and women (mean, 68.1 ± 7.2 years old), were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 15: RT with creatine supplementation (RT + CS), RT with placebo (RT + P) and control group. RT protocol was performed for 10 weeks, three sessions per week. Creatine supplement was taken daily at a dose of 0.1 g/kg of body weight, while the placebo group consumed the same amount of starch. Fasting blood samples were taken before the start of program and at the end of the RT period. Results In the training groups, after 10 weeks of RT, a significant decrease in MDA and 8 - OHDG as well as a significant increase in serum levels of GPX and TAC were observed (in all cases, p = 0.001). In addition, creatinine levels were enhanced in the RT + CS (p = 0.014). Training intervention also improved quality of life and muscle strength in the experimental groups (p = 0.001), although muscle strength changes were more visible in the RT + CS group than in the RT + P group (p < 0/05). Conclusion Regular resistance training can be recommended as a very suitable non-pharmacological approach to strengthen the body's antioxidant system, muscle strength and quality of life in older adults. There are no definite findings on the role of creatine on the antioxidant system and quality of life in older adults, but the use of this supplement in addition to RT can double the amount of strength gained from resistance training.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ranjit R, Van Remmen H, Ahn B. Acylated Ghrelin Receptor Agonist HM01 Decreases Lean Body and Muscle Mass, but Unacylated Ghrelin Protects against Redox-Dependent Sarcopenia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122358. [PMID: 36552566 PMCID: PMC9774605 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass and dysfunction, universally affects the elderly and is closely associated with frailty and reduced quality of life. Despite the inevitable consequences of sarcopenia and its relevance to healthspan, no pharmacological therapies are currently available. Ghrelin is a gut-released hormone that increases appetite and body weight upon acylation, which activates its receptor GHSR1a. Recent studies have demonstrated that acyl and unacylated ghrelin are protective against acute pathological conditions of skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that both acyl ghrelin receptor agonist (HM01) and unacylated ghrelin ameliorate muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced sarcopenia. HM01, unacylated ghrelin, or saline was delivered via osmotic pump. HM01 increased food consumption transiently, while the body weight remained elevated. It also decreased lean body mass and muscle mass of wildtype and Sod1KO. In contrast, unacylated ghrelin ameliorated loss of muscle mass by 15-30% in Sod1KO mice without changes in food consumption or body weights. Contractile force was decreased by ~30% in Sod1KO mice, but unacylated ghrelin prevented the force deficit by ~80%. We identified downregulation of transcription factor FoxO3a and its downstream E3 ligase MuRF1 by unacylated ghrelin. Our data show a direct role of unacylated ghrelin in redox-dependent sarcopenia independent of changes of food consumption or body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rojina Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
El Midaoui A, Ghzaiel I, Vervandier-Fasseur D, Ksila M, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Khallouki F, El Hessni A, Ibrahimi SO, Latruffe N, Couture R, Kharoubi O, Brahmi F, Hammami S, Masmoudi-Kouki O, Hammami M, Ghrairi T, Vejux A, Lizard G. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.): A Source of Nutrients for Health and for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric and Age-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030597. [PMID: 35276955 PMCID: PMC8839854 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a medicinal plant, originally cultivated in the East and Middle East, and later in some Mediterranean countries. Saffron is obtained from the stigmas of the plant. Currently, the use of saffron is undergoing a revival. The medicinal virtues of saffron, its culinary use and its high added value have led to the clarification of its phytochemical profile and its biological and therapeutic characteristics. Saffron is rich in carotenoids and terpenes. The major products of saffron are crocins and crocetin (carotenoids) deriving from zeaxanthin, pirocrocin and safranal, which give it its taste and aroma, respectively. Saffron and its major compounds have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. Anti-tumor properties have also been described. The goal of this review is to present the beneficial effects of saffron and its main constituent molecules on neuropsychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety and schizophrenia) as well as on the most frequent age-related diseases (cardiovascular, ocular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as sarcopenia). Overall, the phytochemical profile of saffron confers many beneficial virtues on human health and, in particular, on the prevention of age-related diseases, which is a major asset reinforcing the interest for this medicinal plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil El Midaoui
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology, and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14020, Morocco; (A.E.H.); (S.O.I.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (G.L.); Tel.: +1-514-343-6111 (ext. 3320) (A.E.M.); +33-3-80-39-62-56 (G.L.)
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Dominique Vervandier-Fasseur
- Team OCS, Institute of Molecular Chemistry (ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Mohamed Ksila
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
- Laboratory Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.M.-K.); (T.G.)
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia
| | - Thomas Nury
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Farid Khallouki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Errachidia 52000, Morocco;
| | - Aboubaker El Hessni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology, and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14020, Morocco; (A.E.H.); (S.O.I.)
| | - Salama Ouazzani Ibrahimi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Neuroendocrinology, and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra 14020, Morocco; (A.E.H.); (S.O.I.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Omar Kharoubi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biotoxicology, Biodepollution and Phytoremediation, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University Oran1 ABB, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Fatiha Brahmi
- Laboratory Biomathématique, Biochimie, Biophysique et Scientométrie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Sonia Hammami
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Olfa Masmoudi-Kouki
- Laboratory Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.M.-K.); (T.G.)
| | - Mohamed Hammami
- Lab-NAFS ‘Nutritio—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Faculty of Medicine, LR12ES05, University Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia; (A.Z.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Taoufik Ghrairi
- Laboratory Neurophysiology, Cellular Physiopathology and Valorisation of Biomolecules, (LR18ES03), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.M.-K.); (T.G.)
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, 21000 Dijon, France; (I.G.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (N.L.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.M.); (G.L.); Tel.: +1-514-343-6111 (ext. 3320) (A.E.M.); +33-3-80-39-62-56 (G.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shilpa O, Anupama KP, Antony A, Gurushankara HP. Lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress mediates sex-specific autistic-like behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6378-6393. [PMID: 34528217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02546-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by three main behavioural symptoms: abnormal social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication impairments, and repetitive and restricted activities or interests. Even though the exact aetiology of ASD remains unknown, studies have shown a link between genetics and environmental pollutants. Heavy metal lead (Pb), the environmental pollutant, is associated with ASD. Pb may also exhibit sex-specific ASD behaviour, as has been demonstrated in the global human populations. Drosophila melanogaster as a model has been used in the present study to understand the involvement of Pb-induced oxidative stress in developing ASD behaviour. The larval feeding technique has been employed to administer different Pb concentrations (0.2-0.8 mM) to Oregon-R (ORR), superoxide dismutase (Sod), or catalase (Cat) antioxidants overexpressed or knockdown flies. Adult Drosophila (5-day old) were used for Pb content, biochemical, and behavioural analysis.Pb accumulated in the Drosophila brain induces oxidative stress and exhibited a human autistic-like behaviour such as reduced climbing, increased grooming, increased social spacing, and decreased learning and memory in a sex-specific manner.Pb-induced autistic-like behaviour was intensified in Sod or Cat-knockdown flies, whereas Sod or Cat-overexpressed flies overcome that behavioural alterations. These results unequivocally proved that Pb-induced oxidative stress causes ASD behaviour of humans in Drosophila. Thus, Drosophila is used as a model organism to analyse ASD-like human behaviour and underlines the importance of using antioxidant therapy in alleviating ASD symptoms in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olakkaran Shilpa
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Kizhakke Purayil Anupama
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | - Anet Antony
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periya, 671320, Kasaragod, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xie WQ, He M, Yu DJ, Wu YX, Wang XH, Lv S, Xiao WF, Li YS. Mouse models of sarcopenia: classification and evaluation. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:538-554. [PMID: 33951340 PMCID: PMC8200444 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive and widespread skeletal muscle disease that is related to an increased possibility of adverse consequences such as falls, fractures, physical disabilities and death, and its risk increases with age. With the deepening of the understanding of sarcopenia, the disease has become a major clinical disease of the elderly and a key challenge of healthy ageing. However, the exact molecular mechanism of this disease is still unclear, and the selection of treatment strategies and the evaluation of its effect are not the same. Most importantly, the early symptoms of this disease are not obvious and are easy to ignore. In addition, the clinical manifestations of each patient are not exactly the same, which makes it difficult to effectively study the progression of sarcopenia. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use animal models to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. This paper reviews the mouse models that can be used in the study of sarcopenia, including ageing models, genetically engineered models, hindlimb suspension models, chemical induction models, denervation models, and immobilization models; analyses their advantages and disadvantages and application scope; and finally summarizes the evaluation of sarcopenia in mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Deng-Jie Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Wang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, The Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim G, Gautier O, Tassoni-Tsuchida E, Ma XR, Gitler AD. ALS Genetics: Gains, Losses, and Implications for Future Therapies. Neuron 2020; 108:822-842. [PMID: 32931756 PMCID: PMC7736125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of motor neurons from the brain and spinal cord. The ALS community has made remarkable strides over three decades by identifying novel familial mutations, generating animal models, elucidating molecular mechanisms, and ultimately developing promising new therapeutic approaches. Some of these approaches reduce the expression of mutant genes and are in human clinical trials, highlighting the need to carefully consider the normal functions of these genes and potential contribution of gene loss-of-function to ALS. Here, we highlight known loss-of-function mechanisms underlying ALS, potential consequences of lowering levels of gene products, and the need to consider both gain and loss of function to develop safe and effective therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garam Kim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olivia Gautier
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Neurosciences Interdepartmental Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eduardo Tassoni-Tsuchida
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - X Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brown JL, Lawrence MM, Ahn B, Kneis P, Piekarz KM, Qaisar R, Ranjit R, Bian J, Pharaoh G, Brown C, Peelor FF, Kinter MT, Miller BF, Richardson A, Van Remmen H. Cancer cachexia in a mouse model of oxidative stress. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1688-1704. [PMID: 32918528 PMCID: PMC7749559 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is associated with muscle atrophy (cancer cachexia) that is linked to up to 40% of cancer-related deaths. Oxidative stress is a critical player in the induction and progression of age-related loss of muscle mass and weakness (sarcopenia); however, the role of oxidative stress in cancer cachexia has not been defined. The purpose of this study was to examine if elevated oxidative stress exacerbates cancer cachexia. METHODS Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase knockout (Sod1KO) mice were used as an established mouse model of elevated oxidative stress. Cancer cachexia was induced by injection of one million Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells or phosphate-buffered saline (saline) into the hind flank of female wild-type mice or Sod1KO mice at approximately 4 months of age. The tumour developed for 3 weeks. Muscle mass, contractile function, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) fragmentation, metabolic proteins, mitochondrial function, and motor neuron function were measured in wild-type and Sod1KO saline and tumour-bearing mice. Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc test when significant F ratios were determined and α was set at 0.05. Unless otherwise noted, results in abstract are mean ±SEM. RESULTS Muscle mass and cross-sectional area were significantly reduced, in tumour-bearing mice. Metabolic enzymes were dysregulated in Sod1KO mice and cancer exacerbated this phenotype. NMJ fragmentation was exacerbated in tumour-bearing Sod1KO mice. Myofibrillar protein degradation increased in tumour-bearing wild-type mice (wild-type saline, 0.00847 ± 0.00205; wildtype LLC, 0.0211 ± 0.00184) and tumour-bearing Sod1KO mice (Sod1KO saline, 0.0180 ± 0.00118; Sod1KO LLC, 0.0490 ± 0.00132). Muscle mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced in tumour-bearing mice compared with saline-injected wild-type mice. Mitochondrial protein degradation increased in tumour-bearing wild-type mice (wild-type saline, 0.0204 ± 0.00159; wild-type LLC, 0.167 ± 0.00157) and tumour-bearing Sod1KO mice (Sod1KO saline, 0.0231 ± 0.00108; Sod1 KO LLC, 0.0645 ± 0.000631). Sciatic nerve conduction velocity was decreased in tumour-bearing wild-type mice (wild-type saline, 38.2 ± 0.861; wild-type LLC, 28.8 ± 0.772). Three out of eleven of the tumour-bearing Sod1KO mice did not survive the 3-week period following tumour implantation. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress does not exacerbate cancer-induced muscle loss; however, cancer cachexia may accelerate NMJ disruption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Brown
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Marcus M Lawrence
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Parker Kneis
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Piekarz
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jan Bian
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chase Brown
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Fredrick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Reynolds Center for Aging Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Badawi Y, Nishimune H. Impairment Mechanisms and Intervention Approaches for Aged Human Neuromuscular Junctions. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:568426. [PMID: 33328881 PMCID: PMC7717980 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.568426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a chemical synapse formed between a presynaptic motor neuron and a postsynaptic muscle cell. NMJs in most vertebrate species share many essential features; however, some differences distinguish human NMJs from others. This review will describe the pre- and postsynaptic structures of human NMJs and compare them to NMJs of laboratory animals. We will focus on age-dependent declines in function and changes in the structure of human NMJs. Furthermore, we will describe insights into the aging process revealed from mouse models of accelerated aging. In addition, we will compare aging phenotypes to other human pathologies that cause impairments of pre- and postsynaptic structures at NMJs. Finally, we will discuss potential intervention approaches for attenuating age-related NMJ dysfunction and sarcopenia in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yomna Badawi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Hiroshi Nishimune
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States.,Neurobiology of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Molecular changes in transcription and metabolic pathways underlying muscle atrophy in the CuZnSOD null mouse model of sarcopenia. GeroScience 2020; 42:1101-1118. [PMID: 32394347 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice lacking the superoxide anion scavenger CuZn superoxide dismutase (Sod1-/- mice) develop a number of age-related phenotypes, including an early progression of muscle atrophy and weakness (sarcopenia) associated with loss of innervation. The purpose of this study was to delineate the early development of sarcopenia in the Sod1-/- mice and to measure changes in the muscle transcriptome, proteome, and eicosanoid profile at the stage when sarcopenia is markedly induced in this model (7-9 months of age). We found a strong correlation between muscle atrophy and mitochondrial state 1 hydroperoxide production, which was 40% higher in isolated mitochondria from Sod1-/- mouse gastrocnemius muscle by 2 months of age. The primary pathways showing altered gene expression in Sod1-/- mice identified by RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis are protein ubiquitination, synaptic long-term potentiation, calcium signaling, phospholipase C signaling, AMPK, and TWEAK signaling. Targeted proteomics shows elevated expression of mitochondrial proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, and antioxidants, while enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are downregulated in Sod1-/- mice. LC-MS analysis of lipids in gastrocnemius muscle detected 78 eicosanoids, of which 31 are significantly elevated in muscle from Sod1-/- mice. These data suggest that mitochondrial hydroperoxide generation is elevated prior to muscle atrophy and may be a potential driving factor of changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and eicosanoid profile of the Sod1-/- mice. Together, these analyses revealed important molecular events that occur during muscle atrophy, which will pave the way for future studies using new approaches to treat sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng S, Peng L, Xu B, Chen W, Chen Y, Gu Y. Protective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water Against Cartilage Damage in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Matrix Catabolism, and Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920211. [PMID: 31927559 PMCID: PMC6977642 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the potential effects of hydrogen-rich water (HW) on articular cartilage in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model. Material/Methods A rat model of OA was established using the modified Hulth method, and rats were forced to exercise for 30 min every day 1 week after surgery for 7 weeks. Mankin’s method was used to score the severity of OA. The animals were assigned into the OA group, OA+HW group, and sham operation group. After 8 weeks, the animals in the OA group had a Mankin score >8 points, and HW was administered into the knee joint. After 2 weeks of treatment, articular cartilage was obtained for pathological examination, consisting of hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, and Hoechst staining, as well as quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. This combination of pharmacological and molecular biological analyses was performed to examine the mechanism underlying the protective effect of HW on articular cartilage. Results The antioxidant effects of HW suppressed oxidative damage, which may have aided the inhibition of ECM-degrading enzymes (MMP3, MMP13, ADAMT4, and ADAMT5), the upregulation of Col II and aggrecan expression, and the downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, and NO expression. The results of HE staining indicated intra-articular treatment of HW attenuated cartilage degradation. However, Hoechst staining in the OA group indicated the nuclei of the fragmented chondrocytes were condensed compared to the sham operation group, and this effect was inhibited by HW. Conclusions HW showed a protective effect against the progression of OA in an animal model, which may have been mediated by its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShaoWen Cheng
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Peng
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - BaiChao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland).,Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - WenSheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - YangPing Chen
- Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| | - YunTao Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahn B, Smith N, Saunders D, Ranjit R, Kneis P, Towner RA, Van Remmen H. Using MRI to measure in vivo free radical production and perfusion dynamics in a mouse model of elevated oxidative stress and neurogenic atrophy. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101308. [PMID: 31470261 PMCID: PMC6831885 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage have been implicated to play a causative role in age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness (i.e. sarcopenia). Mice lacking the superoxide scavenger CuZnSOD (Sod1−/−) exhibit high levels of oxygen-derived radicals and oxidative damage, associated with neuronal and muscular phenotypes consistent with sarcopenia. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology combined with immunospin-trapping (IST) to measure in vivo free radical levels in skeletal muscle from wildtype, Sod1−/− and SynTgSod1−/− mice, a mouse model generated using targeted expression of the human Sod1 transgene specifically in neuronal tissues to determine the impact of motor neuron degeneration in muscle atrophy. By combining the spin trap DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) and molecular MRI (mMRI), we monitored the level of free radicals in mouse hindlimb muscle. The level of membrane-bound macromolecular radicals in the quadriceps muscle was elevated by ~3-fold in Sod1−/− mice, but normalized to wildtype levels in SynTgSod1−/− rescue mice. Skeletal muscle mass was reduced by ~25–30% in Sod1−/− mice, but fully reversed in muscle from SynTgSod1−/− mice. Using perfusion MRI we also measured the dynamics of blood flow within mouse hindlimb. Relative muscle blood flow in Sod1−/− is decreased to ~50% of wildtype and remained low in the SynTgSod1−/− mice. Our findings are significant in that we have shown for the first time that in vivo free radical production in skeletal muscle is directly correlated to muscle atrophy in an experimental model of oxidative stress. Neuron-specific expression of CuZnSOD reverses the in vivo free radical production in skeletal muscle in the Sod1−/− mouse model and prevents muscle atrophy. These results further support the feasibility of using in vivo assessments of redox status in the progression of a pathological process such as sarcopenia. This approach can also be valuable for evaluating responses to pharmacologic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Parker Kneis
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Pathology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, OUHSC, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, OUHSC, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center for Aging, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Damiano S, Muscariello E, La Rosa G, Di Maro M, Mondola P, Santillo M. Dual Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Muscle Function: Can Antioxidant Dietary Supplements Counteract Age-Related Sarcopenia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153815. [PMID: 31387214 PMCID: PMC6696113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. In older people, malnutrition and physical inactivity are often associated with sarcopenia, and, therefore, dietary interventions and exercise must be considered to prevent, delay, or treat it. Among the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to sarcopenia, a key role is played by an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) levels and a decrease in enzymatic antioxidant protection leading to oxidative stress. Many studies have evaluated, in addition to the effects of exercise, the effects of antioxidant dietary supplements in limiting age-related muscle mass and performance, but the data which have been reported are conflicting. In skeletal muscle, ROS/RNS have a dual function: at low levels they increase muscle force and adaptation to exercise, while at high levels they lead to a decline of muscle performance. Controversial results obtained with antioxidant supplementation in older persons could in part reflect the lack of univocal effects of ROS on muscle mass and function. The purpose of this review is to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the dual effects of ROS in skeletal muscle function and the analysis of literature data on dietary antioxidant supplementation associated with exercise in normal and sarcopenic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Damiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana La Rosa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Mondola
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Santillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahn B, Ranjit R, Premkumar P, Pharaoh G, Piekarz KM, Matsuzaki S, Claflin DR, Riddle K, Judge J, Bhaskaran S, Satara Natarajan K, Barboza E, Wronowski B, Kinter M, Humphries KM, Griffin TM, Freeman WM, Richardson A, Brooks SV, Van Remmen H. Mitochondrial oxidative stress impairs contractile function but paradoxically increases muscle mass via fibre branching. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:411-428. [PMID: 30706998 PMCID: PMC6463475 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and muscle weakness occur in parallel in multiple pathological conditions. However, the causative role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology and function and muscle weakness has not been directly investigated. METHODS We generated mice lacking skeletal muscle-specific manganese-superoxide dismutase (mSod2KO) to increase mtROS using a cre-Lox approach driven by human skeletal actin. We determined primary functional parameters of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (respiration, ROS, and calcium retention capacity) using permeabilized muscle fibres and isolated muscle mitochondria. We assessed contractile properties of isolated skeletal muscle using in situ and in vitro preparations and whole lumbrical muscles to elucidate the mechanisms of contractile dysfunction. RESULTS The mSod2KO mice, contrary to our prediction, exhibit a 10-15% increase in muscle mass associated with an ~50% increase in central nuclei and ~35% increase in branched fibres (P < 0.05). Despite the increase in muscle mass of gastrocnemius and quadriceps, in situ sciatic nerve-stimulated isometric maximum-specific force (N/cm2 ), force per cross-sectional area, is impaired by ~60% and associated with increased NMJ fragmentation and size by ~40% (P < 0.05). Intrinsic alterations of components of the contractile machinery show elevated markers of oxidative stress, for example, lipid peroxidation is increased by ~100%, oxidized glutathione is elevated by ~50%, and oxidative modifications of myofibrillar proteins are increased by ~30% (P < 0.05). We also find an approximate 20% decrease in the intracellular calcium transient that is associated with specific force deficit. Excess superoxide generation from the mitochondrial complexes causes a deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and reduced complex-II-mediated respiration and adenosine triphosphate generation rates leading to severe exercise intolerance (~10 min vs. ~2 h in wild type, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased skeletal muscle mtROS is sufficient to elicit NMJ disruption and contractile abnormalities, but not muscle atrophy, suggesting new roles for mitochondrial oxidative stress in maintenance of muscle mass through increased fibre branching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Katarzyna M Piekarz
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Satoshi Matsuzaki
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Dennis R Claflin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Riddle
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Jennifer Judge
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | | | - Erika Barboza
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Benjamin Wronowski
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Kenneth M Humphries
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, USA.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McArdle A, Pollock N, Staunton CA, Jackson MJ. Aberrant redox signalling and stress response in age-related muscle decline: Role in inter- and intra-cellular signalling. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 132:50-57. [PMID: 30508577 PMCID: PMC6709668 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated frailty is predominantly due to loss of muscle mass and function. The loss of muscle mass is also associated with a greater loss of muscle strength, suggesting that the remaining muscle fibres are weaker than those of adults. The mechanisms by which muscle is lost with age are unclear, but in this review we aim to pull together various strands of evidence to explain how muscle contractions support proteostasis in non-muscle tissues, particularly focussed on the production and potential transfer of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and how this may fail during ageing, Furthermore we will identify logical approaches, based on this hypothesis, by which muscle loss in ageing may be reduced. Skeletal muscle generates superoxide and nitric oxide at rest and this generation is increased by contractile activity. In adults, this increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB (NFκB), activator protein-1 (AP1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), resulting in increases in cytoprotective proteins such as the superoxide dismutases, catalase and heat shock proteins that prevent oxidative damage to tissues and facilitate remodelling and proteostasis in both an intra- and inter-cellular manner. During ageing, the ability of skeletal muscle from aged organisms to respond to an increase in ROS generation by increased expression of cytoprotective proteins through activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors is severely attenuated. This age-related lack of physiological adaptations to the ROS induced by contractile activity appears to contribute to a loss of ROS homeostasis, increased oxidative damage and age-related dysfunction in skeletal muscle and potentially other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne McArdle
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | - Natalie Pollock
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline A Staunton
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wells C, Brennan SE, Keon M, Saksena NK. Prionoid Proteins in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:271. [PMID: 31780895 PMCID: PMC6861308 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that prionoid protein behaviors are a core element of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that afflict humans. Common elements in pathogenesis, pathological effects and protein-level behaviors exist between Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These extend beyond the affected neurons to glial cells and processes. This results in a complicated system of disease progression, which often takes advantage of protective processes to promote the propagation of pathological protein aggregates. This review article provides a current snapshot of knowledge on these proteins and their intrinsic role in the pathogenesis and disease progression seen across NDs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Qaisar R, Bhaskaran S, Premkumar P, Ranjit R, Natarajan KS, Ahn B, Riddle K, Claflin DR, Richardson A, Brooks SV, Van Remmen H. Oxidative stress-induced dysregulation of excitation-contraction coupling contributes to muscle weakness. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1003-1017. [PMID: 30073804 PMCID: PMC6204588 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that the deletion of the superoxide scavenger, CuZn superoxide dismutase, in mice (Sod1-/- mice) results in increased oxidative stress and an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and force that mirror the changes seen in old control mice. The goal of this study is to define the effect of oxidative stress and ageing on muscle weakness and the Excitation Contraction (EC) coupling machinery in age-matched adult (8-10 months) wild-type (WT) and Sod1-/- mice in comparison with old (25-28 months) WT mice. METHODS In vitro contractile assays were used to measure muscle contractile parameters. The activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) pump was measured using an NADH-linked enzyme assay. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence techniques were used to measure protein expression, and real-time reverse transcription PCR was used to measure gene expression. RESULTS The specific force generated by the extensor digitorum longus muscle was reduced in the Sod1-/- and old WT mice compared with young WT mice along with significant prolongation of time to peak force, increased half relaxation time, and disruption of intracellular calcium handling. The maximal activity of the SERCA calcium uptake pump was significantly reduced in gastrocnemius muscle from both old WT (≈14%) and adult Sod1-/- (≈33%) mice compared with young WT mice along with increased expression of sarcolipin, a known inhibitor of SERCA activity. Protein levels of the voltage sensor and calcium uptake channel proteins dihydropyridine receptor α1 and SERCA2 were significantly elevated (≈45% and ≈57%, respectively), while the ratio of calstabin, a channel stabilizing protein, to ryanodine receptor was significantly reduced (≈21%) in Sod1-/- mice compared with young WT mice. The changes in calcium handling were accompanied by substantially elevated levels of global protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the muscle weakness in Sod1-/- and old WT mice is in part driven by reactive oxygen species-mediated EC uncoupling and supports a role for reduced SERCA pump activity in compromised muscle function. The novel quantitative mechanistic data provided here can lead to potential therapeutic interventions of SERCA dysfunction for sarcopenia and muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Riddle
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dennis R Claflin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and the Reynolds Oklahoma Center of Aging, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Branicky R, Noë A, Hekimi S. Superoxide dismutases: Dual roles in controlling ROS damage and regulating ROS signaling. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1915-1928. [PMID: 29669742 PMCID: PMC5987716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 930] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wang et al. review the dual role of superoxide dismutases in controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and regulating ROS signaling across model systems as well as their involvement in human diseases. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide anions are the intended product of dedicated signaling enzymes as well as the byproduct of several metabolic processes including mitochondrial respiration. Through their activity, SOD enzymes control the levels of a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, thus both limiting the potential toxicity of these molecules and controlling broad aspects of cellular life that are regulated by their signaling functions. All aerobic organisms have multiple SOD proteins targeted to different cellular and subcellular locations, reflecting the slow diffusion and multiple sources of their substrate superoxide. This compartmentalization also points to the need for fine local control of ROS signaling and to the possibility for ROS to signal between compartments. In this review, we discuss studies in model organisms and humans, which reveal the dual roles of SOD enzymes in controlling damage and regulating signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robyn Branicky
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alycia Noë
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahn B, Pharaoh G, Premkumar P, Huseman K, Ranjit R, Kinter M, Szweda L, Kiss T, Fulop G, Tarantini S, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Van Remmen H. Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates age-related contractile dysfunction and loss of skeletal muscle mass. Redox Biol 2018; 17:47-58. [PMID: 29673700 PMCID: PMC6006677 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Pavithra Premkumar
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kendra Huseman
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rojina Ranjit
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Luke Szweda
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gabor Fulop
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sakellariou GK, McDonagh B, Porter H, Giakoumaki II, Earl KE, Nye GA, Vasilaki A, Brooks SV, Richardson A, Van Remmen H, McArdle A, Jackson MJ. Comparison of Whole Body SOD1 Knockout with Muscle-Specific SOD1 Knockout Mice Reveals a Role for Nerve Redox Signaling in Regulation of Degenerative Pathways in Skeletal Muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:275-295. [PMID: 29065712 PMCID: PMC5743036 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lack of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in homozygous knockout mice (Sod1-/-) leads to accelerated age-related muscle loss and weakness, but specific deletion of CuZnSOD in skeletal muscle (mSod1KO mice) or neurons (nSod1KO mice) resulted in only mild muscle functional deficits and failed to recapitulate the loss of mass and function observed in Sod1-/- mice. To dissect any underlying cross-talk between motor neurons and skeletal muscle in the degeneration in Sod1-/- mice, we characterized neuromuscular changes in the Sod1-/- model compared with mSod1KO mice and examined degenerative molecular mechanisms and pathways in peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle. RESULTS In contrast to mSod1KO mice, myofiber atrophy in Sod1-/- mice was associated with increased muscle oxidative damage, neuromuscular junction degeneration, denervation, nerve demyelination, and upregulation of proteins involved in maintenance of myelin sheaths. Proteomic analyses confirmed increased proteasomal activity and adaptive stress responses in muscle of Sod1-/- mice that were absent in mSod1KO mice. Peripheral nerve from neither Sod1-/- nor mSod1KO mice showed increased oxidative damage or molecular responses to increased oxidation compared with wild type mice. Differential cysteine (Cys) labeling revealed a specific redox shift in the catalytic Cys residue of peroxiredoxin 6 (Cys47) in the peripheral nerve from Sod1-/- mice. Innovation and Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that neuromuscular integrity, redox mechanisms, and pathways are differentially altered in nerve and muscle of Sod1-/- and mSod1KO mice. Results support the concept that impaired redox signaling, rather than oxidative damage, in peripheral nerve plays a key role in muscle loss in Sod1-/- mice and potentially sarcopenia during aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 275-295.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos K Sakellariou
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Brian McDonagh
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Porter
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ifigeneia I Giakoumaki
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E Earl
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth A Nye
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Susan V Brooks
- 2 Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arlan Richardson
- 3 Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,4 Oklahoma VA Medical Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- 4 Oklahoma VA Medical Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,5 Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anne McArdle
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- 1 MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sakellariou GK, McDonagh B. Redox Homeostasis in Age-Related Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1088:281-306. [PMID: 30390257 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy and weakness, characterized by loss of lean muscle mass and function, has a significant effect on the independence and quality of life of older people. The cellular mechanisms that drive the age-related decline in neuromuscular integrity and function are multifactorial. Quiescent and contracting skeletal muscle can endogenously generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from various cellular sites. Excessive RONS can potentially cause oxidative damage and disruption of cellular signaling pathways contributing to the initiation and progression of age-related muscle atrophy. Altered redox homeostasis and modulation of intracellular signal transduction processes have been proposed as an underlying mechanism of sarcopenia. This chapter summarizes the current evidence that has associated disrupted redox homeostasis and muscle atrophy as a result of skeletal muscle inactivity and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sakellariou GK, Lightfoot AP, Earl KE, Stofanko M, McDonagh B. Redox homeostasis and age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:881-906. [PMID: 28744984 PMCID: PMC5700439 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major site of metabolic activity and is the most abundant tissue in the human body. Age-related muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) and weakness, characterized by progressive loss of lean muscle mass and function, is a major contributor to morbidity and has a profound effect on the quality of life of older people. With a continuously growing older population (estimated 2 billion of people aged >60 by 2050), demand for medical and social care due to functional deficits, associated with neuromuscular ageing, will inevitably increase. Despite the importance of this 'epidemic' problem, the primary biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related deficits in neuromuscular integrity and function have not been fully determined. Skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) from a variety of subcellular sources, and age-associated oxidative damage has been suggested to be a major factor contributing to the initiation and progression of muscle atrophy inherent with ageing. RONS can modulate a variety of intracellular signal transduction processes, and disruption of these events over time due to altered redox control has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of ageing. The role of oxidants in ageing has been extensively examined in different model organisms that have undergone genetic manipulations with inconsistent findings. Transgenic and knockout rodent studies have provided insight into the function of RONS regulatory systems in neuromuscular ageing. This review summarizes almost 30 years of research in the field of redox homeostasis and muscle ageing, providing a detailed discussion of the experimental approaches that have been undertaken in murine models to examine the role of redox regulation in age-related muscle atrophy and weakness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam P. Lightfoot
- School of Healthcare ScienceManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM1 5GDUK
| | - Kate E. Earl
- MRC‐Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
| | - Martin Stofanko
- Microvisk Technologies LtdThe Quorum7600 Oxford Business ParkOxfordOX4 2JZUK
| | - Brian McDonagh
- MRC‐Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolL7 8TXUK
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Allison WT, DuVal MG, Nguyen-Phuoc K, Leighton PLA. Reduced Abundance and Subverted Functions of Proteins in Prion-Like Diseases: Gained Functions Fascinate but Lost Functions Affect Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2223. [PMID: 29064456 PMCID: PMC5666902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions have served as pathfinders that reveal many aspects of proteostasis in neurons. The recent realization that several prominent neurodegenerative diseases spread via a prion-like mechanism illuminates new possibilities for diagnostics and therapeutics. Thus, key proteins in Alzheimer Disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), including amyloid-β precursor protein, Tau and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), spread to adjacent cells in their misfolded aggregated forms and exhibit template-directed misfolding to induce further misfolding, disruptions to proteostasis and toxicity. Here we invert this comparison to ask what these prion-like diseases can teach us about the broad prion disease class, especially regarding the loss of these key proteins' function(s) as they misfold and aggregate. We also consider whether functional amyloids might reveal a role for subverted protein function in neurodegenerative disease. Our synthesis identifies SOD1 as an exemplar of protein functions being lost during prion-like protein misfolding, because SOD1 is inherently unstable and loses function in its misfolded disease-associated form. This has under-appreciated parallels amongst the canonical prion diseases, wherein the normally folded prion protein, PrPC, is reduced in abundance in fatal familial insomnia patients and during the preclinical phase in animal models, apparently via proteostatic mechanisms. Thus while template-directed misfolding and infectious properties represent gain-of-function that fascinates proteostasis researchers and defines (is required for) the prion(-like) diseases, loss and subversion of the functions attributed to hallmark proteins in neurodegenerative disease needs to be integrated into design towards effective therapeutics. We propose experiments to uniquely test these ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
| | - Michèle G DuVal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Kim Nguyen-Phuoc
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
| | - Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Härönen H, Zainul Z, Tu H, Naumenko N, Sormunen R, Miinalainen I, Shakirzyanova A, Oikarainen T, Abdullin A, Martin P, Santoleri S, Koistinaho J, Silman I, Giniatullin R, Fox MA, Heikkinen A, Pihlajaniemi T. Collagen XIII secures pre- and postsynaptic integrity of the neuromuscular synapse. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:2076-2090. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
28
|
Taylor AM, Saifetiarova J, Bhat MA. Postnatal Loss of Neuronal and Glial Neurofascins Differentially Affects Node of Ranvier Maintenance and Myelinated Axon Function. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:11. [PMID: 28217083 PMCID: PMC5289982 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intricate molecular interactions between neurons and glial cells underlie the creation of unique domains that are essential for saltatory conduction of action potentials by myelinated axons. Previously, the cell surface adhesion molecule Neurofascin (Nfasc) has been shown to have a dual-role in the establishment of axonal domains from both the glial and neuronal interface. While the neuron-specific isoform of Neurofascin (NF186) is indispensable for clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier; the glial-specific isoform of Neurofascin (NF155) is required for myelinating glial cells to organize the paranodal domain. Although many studies have addressed the individual roles of NF155 and NF186 in assembling paranodes and nodes, respectively; critical questions about their roles in the maintenance and long-term health of the myelinated axons remain, which we aimed to address in these studies. Here using spatiotemporal ablation of Neurofascin in neurons alone or together with myelinating glia, we report that loss of NF186 individually from postnatal mice leads to progressive nodal destabilization and axonal degeneration. While individual ablation of paranodal NF155 does not disrupt nodes of Ranvier; loss of NF186 combined with NF155 causes more accelerated nodal destabilization than loss of NF186 alone, providing strong evidence regarding a supporting role for paranodes in nodal maintenance. In both cases of NF186 loss, myelinating axons show ultrastructural changes and degeneration. Our studies reveal that long-term maintenance of nodes and ultimately the health of axons is correlated with the stability of NF186 within the nodal complex and the presence of auxiliary paranodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia Saifetiarova
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ivannikov MV, Sugimori M, Llinás RR. Neuromuscular transmission and muscle fatigue changes by nanostructured oxygen. Muscle Nerve 2017; 55:555-563. [PMID: 27422738 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxygen (O2 ) nanobubbles offer a new method for tissue oxygenation. The effects of O2 nanobubbles on transmission at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and muscle function were explored in murine diaphragm. METHODS Electrophysiological parameters, NMJ ultrastructure, muscle force, and muscle fatigue were studied during superfusion with solutions with different oxygen levels or oxygen nanobubbles. RESULTS High frequency nerve stimulation of muscles superfused with O2 nanobubble solution slowed neurotransmission decline over those with either control or hyperoxic solution. O2 nanobubble solution increased the amplitude of evoked end plate potentials and quantal content but did not affect spontaneous activity. Electron microscopy of stimulated O2 nanobubble treated NMJs showed accumulation of large synaptic vesicles and endosome-like structures. O2 nanobubble solution had no effects on isometric muscle force, but it significantly decreased fatigability and maximum force recovery time in nerve stimulated muscles. CONCLUSIONS O2 nanobubbles increase neurotransmission and reduce the probability of neurotransmission failure in muscle fatigue. Muscle Nerve 55: 555-563, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Ivannikov
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Mutsuyuki Sugimori
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Rodolfo R Llinás
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Spendiff S, Vuda M, Gouspillou G, Aare S, Perez A, Morais JA, Jagoe RT, Filion ME, Glicksman R, Kapchinsky S, MacMillan NJ, Pion CH, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Hettwer S, Correa JA, Taivassalo T, Hepple RT. Denervation drives mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of octogenarians. J Physiol 2016; 594:7361-7379. [PMID: 27619626 DOI: 10.1113/jp272487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Mitochondria are frequently implicated in the ageing of skeletal muscle, although the role of denervation in modulating mitochondrial function in ageing muscle is unknown. We show that increased sensitivity to apoptosis initiation occurs prior to evidence of persistent denervation and is thus a primary mitochondrial defect in ageing muscle worthy of therapeutic targeting. However, at more advanced age, mitochondrial function changes are markedly impacted by persistent sporadic myofibre denervation, suggesting the mitochondrion may be a less viable therapeutic target. ABSTRACT Experimental denervation modulates mitochondrial function, where changes in both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sensitivity to permeability transition are implicated in the resultant muscle atrophy. Notably, although denervation occurs sporadically in ageing muscle, its impact on ageing muscle mitochondria is unknown. Because this information has important therapeutic implications concerning targeting the mitochondrion in ageing muscle, we examined mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle from four groups of humans, comprising two active (mean ± SD age: 23.7 ± 2.7 years and 71.2 ± 4.9 years) and two inactive groups (64.8 ± 3.1 years and 82.5 ± 4.8 years), and compared this with a murine model of sporadic denervation. We tested the hypothesis that, although some alterations of mitochondrial function in aged muscle are attributable to a primary organelle defect, mitochondrial dysfunction would be impacted by persistent denervation in advanced age. Both ageing in humans and sporadic denervation in mice increased mitochondrial sensitivity to permeability transition (humans, P = 0.004; mice, P = 0.01). To determine the contribution of sporadic denervation to mitochondrial function, we pharmacologically inhibited the denervation-induced ROS response. This reduced ROS emission by 60% (P = 0.02) in sporadically denervated mouse muscle, which is similar to that seen in humans older than 75 years (-66%, P = 0.02) but not those younger than 75 years. We conclude that an increased sensitivity to permeability transition is a primary mitochondrial defect in ageing muscle. However, at more advanced age, when muscle atrophy becomes more clinically severe, mitochondrial function changes are markedly impacted by persistent sporadic denervation, making the mitochondrion a less viable therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Spendiff
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity & Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Madhusudanarao Vuda
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity & Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gilles Gouspillou
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Present address: Department of Kinanthropologie, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sudhakar Aare
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity & Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna Perez
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - José A Morais
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robert T Jagoe
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Filion
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robin Glicksman
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophia Kapchinsky
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Norah J MacMillan
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Charlotte H Pion
- Present address: Department of Kinanthropologie, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Present address: Department of Kinanthropologie, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - José A Correa
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tanja Taivassalo
- McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity & Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.,McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity & Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lawler JM, Rodriguez DA, Hord JM. Mitochondria in the middle: exercise preconditioning protection of striated muscle. J Physiol 2016; 594:5161-83. [PMID: 27060608 PMCID: PMC5023703 DOI: 10.1113/jp270656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and physiological adaptations to an atmosphere which became enriched in molecular oxygen spurred the development of a layered system of stress protection, including antioxidant and stress response proteins. At physiological levels reactive oxygen and nitrogen species regulate cell signalling as well as intracellular and intercellular communication. Exercise and physical activity confer a variety of stressors on skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system: mechanical, metabolic, oxidative. Transient increases of stressors during acute bouts of exercise or exercise training stimulate enhancement of cellular stress protection against future insults of oxidative, metabolic and mechanical stressors that could induce injury or disease. This phenomenon has been termed both hormesis and exercise preconditioning (EPC). EPC stimulates transcription factors such as Nrf-1 and heat shock factor-1 and up-regulates gene expression of a cadre of cytosolic (e.g. glutathione peroxidase and heat shock proteins) and mitochondrial adaptive or stress proteins (e.g. manganese superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial KATP channels and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1)). Stress response and antioxidant enzyme inducibility with exercise lead to protection against striated muscle damage, oxidative stress and injury. EPC may indeed provide significant clinical protection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury, Type II diabetes and ageing. New molecular mechanisms of protection, such as δ-opioid receptor regulation and mitophagy, reinforce the notion that mitochondrial adaptations (e.g. heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes and sirtuin-1/PGC-1 signalling) are central to the protective effects of exercise preconditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Dinah A Rodriguez
- Redox Biology & Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hord
- Redox Biology & Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hsu DZ, Chu PY, Jou IM. Enteral sesame oil therapeutically relieves disease severity in rat experimental osteoarthritis. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:29807. [PMID: 27032670 PMCID: PMC4816814 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of joint pain, affecting approximately 15% of the population. Recent studies indicate that quadriceps muscle weakness is directly involved in the pathogenesis of OA-associated joint pain. Oxidative stress plays an important role in skeletal muscle dysfunction. Sesame oil is a natural product with excellent antioxidative property. However, whether sesame oil can decrease OA-induced joint pain has never been investigated. Objective The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of sesame oil on OA-induced joint pain in rats. Design OA-associated joint pain in rats was induced by medial meniscal transection in rats. Sesame oil (0, 1, 2, or 4 ml/kg/day, orally) was given to rats 7 days after OA induction, while the parameters were determined 7 days after sesame oil administration. Results Daily sesame oil treatment for 7 days significantly decreased OA-associated joint pain. Sesame oil decreased muscular interleukin-6 and increased citrate synthase activity and myosin heavy chain IIa mRNA expression. Furthermore, sesame oil decreased muscular lipid peroxidation, nuclear Nrf2 protein expression, and reactive oxygen species generations as well as increased glutathione production and glutathione peroxidase activity in OA rats. Conclusions Sesame oil may relieve OA-associated joint pain by inhibiting quadriceps muscular oxidative stress, at least partially, in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dur-Zong Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hepple RT, Rice CL. Innervation and neuromuscular control in ageing skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2015; 594:1965-78. [PMID: 26437581 DOI: 10.1113/jp270561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the neuromuscular system affecting the ageing motor unit manifest structurally as a reduction in motor unit number secondary to motor neuron loss; fibre type grouping due to repeating cycles of denervation-reinnervation; and instability of the neuromuscular junction that may be due to either or both of a gradual perturbation in postsynaptic signalling mechanisms necessary for maintenance of the endplate acetylcholine receptor clusters or a sudden process involving motor neuron death or traumatic injury to the muscle fibre. Functionally, these changes manifest as a reduction in strength and coordination that precedes a loss in muscle mass and contributes to impairments in fatigue. Regular muscle activation in postural muscles or through habitual physical activity can attenuate some of these structural and functional changes up to a point along the ageing continuum. On the other hand, regular muscle activation in advanced age (>75 years) loses its efficacy, and at least in rodents may exacerbate age-related motor neuron death. Transgenic mouse studies aimed at identifying potential mechanisms of motor unit disruptions in ageing muscle are not conclusive due to many different mechanisms converging on similar motor unit alterations, many of which phenocopy ageing muscle. Longitudinal studies of ageing models and humans will help clarify the cause and effect relationships and thus, identify relevant therapeutic targets to better preserve muscle function across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology & Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,McGill Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles L Rice
- School of Kinesiology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Krause Neto W, Ciena AP, Anaruma CA, de Souza RR, Gama EF. Effects of exercise on neuromuscular junction components across age: systematic review of animal experimental studies. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:713. [PMID: 26601719 PMCID: PMC4658757 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During almost one-third of our life, maturation of the nervous system promotes strength and muscle mass increase. However, as age advances, the nervous system begins to suffer a slow and continue reduction of its functions. Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is one of the structures of which change due to aging process. Physical training leads to significant adjustments in NMJs of young and aged animals. Nevertheless, studies that aimed to investigate this effect have, in many cases, methodological variables that may have some influence on the result. Thus, this study aimed to carry out a systematic review about the effects of exercise training on the NMJ compartments of young, adult and aged animals. RESULTS We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs databases for animal experimental studies that studied exercise effects on the NMJs components across age. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included nine articles in systematic review and two for meta-analysis (young/adult NMJ). CONCLUSIONS We identified that exercise training cause NMJ hypertrophy on young animals and NMJ compression on aged ones. However, many methodological issues such as age, skeletal muscle and fibers type, and type of exercise and training protocol might influence the results. Graphical abstract: Flow gram is actually to be show at results section as Fig 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Krause Neto
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Physical Education Department, São Judas Tadeu University, Unidade Mooca, Rua Taquari, 546, Mooca, P.O Box: 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Laboratory of Histology and Electron Microscopy, Physical Education Department, "Julio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto Anaruma
- Laboratory of Histology and Electron Microscopy, Physical Education Department, "Julio de Mesquita Filho" São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Physical Education Department, São Judas Tadeu University, Unidade Mooca, Rua Taquari, 546, Mooca, P.O Box: 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Florencio Gama
- Laboratory of Morphoquantitative Studies and Immunohistochemistry, Physical Education Department, São Judas Tadeu University, Unidade Mooca, Rua Taquari, 546, Mooca, P.O Box: 03166-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hsu DZ, Chu PY, Jou IM. Daily sesame oil supplement attenuates joint pain by inhibiting muscular oxidative stress in osteoarthritis rat model. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 29:36-40. [PMID: 26895663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting approximately 15% of the population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sesame oil in controlling OA pain in rats. Rat joint pain was induced by medial meniscal transection in Sprague-Dawley rats and assessed by using hindlimb weight distribution method. Muscular oxidative stress was assessed by determining lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species and circulating antioxidants. Sesame oil significantly decreased joint pain compared with positive control group in a dose-dependent manner. Sesame oil decreased lipid peroxidation in muscle but not in serum. Further, sesame oil significantly decreased muscular superoxide anion and peroxynitrite generations but increased muscular glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels. Further, sesame oil significantly increased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2) expression compared with positive control group. We concluded that daily sesame oil supplement may attenuate early joint pain by inhibiting Nrf2-associated muscular oxidative stress in OA rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dur-Zong Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park KHJ. Mechanisms of Muscle Denervation in Aging: Insights from a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Aging Dis 2015; 6:380-9. [PMID: 26425392 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle denervation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is thought to be a contributing factor in age-related muscle weakness. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that modulate NMJ innervation is a key to developing therapies to combat age-related muscle weakness affecting the elderly. Two mouse models, one lacking the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene and another harboring the transgenic mutant human SOD1 gene, display progressive changes at the NMJ, including muscle endplate fragmentation, nerve terminal sprouting, and denervation. These changes at the NMJ share many of the common features observed in the NMJs of aged mice. In this review, research findings demonstrating the effects of PGC-1α, IGF-1, GDNF, MyoD, myogenin, and miR-206 on NMJ innervation patterns in the G93A SOD1 mice will be highlighted in the context of age-related muscle denervation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H J Park
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hsu DZ, Chu PY, Wu PT, Shen PC, Jou IM. Oxidative stress participates in quadriceps muscle dysfunction during the initiation of osteoarthritis in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:12491-12499. [PMID: 26722436 PMCID: PMC4680381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting approximately 15% of the population. Quadriceps muscle weakness is one of the risk factors of osteoarthritis development. Oxidative stress has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various muscle dysfunction; however, whether it is involved in osteoarthritis-associated quadriceps muscle weakness has never been investigated. The aim of the present study is to examine the involvement of oxidative stress in quadriceps muscle dysfunction in the initiation of osteoarthritis in rats. Rat osteoarthritis was initiated by conducting meniscectomy (MNX). Quadriceps muscle dysfunction was evaluated by assessing muscular interleukin-6, citrate synthase activity, and myosin heavy chain IIa mRNA expression levels. Muscular oxidative stress was assessed by determining lipid peroxidation, Nrf2 expression, reactive oxygen species, and circulating antioxidants. Increased muscular interleukin-6 production as well as decreased citrate synthase activity and myosin heavy chain IIa mRNA expression were observed at 7 and 14 days after MNX. Biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly increased after MNX. Muscular free radical counts were increased while glutathione and glutathione peroxidase expression were decreased in MNX-treated rats. We conclude that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of muscle dysfunction in MNX-induced osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dur-Zong Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ivannikov MV, Van Remmen H. Sod1 gene ablation in adult mice leads to physiological changes at the neuromuscular junction similar to changes that occur in old wild-type mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:254-262. [PMID: 25841780 PMCID: PMC4762177 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be important mediators of muscle atrophy and weakness in aging and many degenerative conditions. However, the mechanisms and physiological processes specifically affected by elevated ROS in neuromuscular units that contribute to muscle weakness during aging are not well defined. Here we investigate the effects of chronic oxidative stress on neurotransmission and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling mechanisms in the levator auris longus (LAL) muscle from young (4-8 months) and old (22-28 months) wild-type mice and young adult Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 knockout (Sod1(-/-)) mice. The frequency of spontaneous neurotransmitter release and the amplitude of evoked neurotransmitter release in young Sod1(-/-) and old wild-type LAL neuromuscular junctions were significantly reduced from the young wild-type values, and those declines were mirrored by decreases in synaptic vesicle pool size. Presynaptic cytosolic calcium concentration and mitochondrial calcium uptake amplitudes showed substantial increases in stimulated young Sod1(-/-) and old axon terminals. Surprisingly, LAL muscle fibers from old mice showed a greater excitability than fibers from either young wild-type or young Sod1(-/-) LAL. Both evoked excitatory junction potential (EJP) and spontaneous mini EJP amplitudes were considerably higher in LAL muscles from old mice than in fibers from young Sod1(-/-) LAL muscle. Despite a greater excitability, sarcoplasmic calcium influx in both old wild-type and young Sod1(-/-) LAL muscle fibers was significantly less. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium levels were also reduced in both old wild-type and young Sod1(-/-) mice, but the difference was not statistically significant in muscle fibers from old wild-type mice. The protein ratio of triad calcium channels RyR1/DHPR was not different in all groups. However, fibers from both young Sod1(-/-) and old mice had substantially elevated levels of protein carbonylation and S-nitrosylation modifications. Overall, our results suggest that young Sod1(-/-) recapitulate many neuromuscular and muscle fiber changes seen in old mice. We also conclude that muscle weakness in old mice might in part be driven by ROS-mediated EC uncoupling, while both EC uncoupling and reduced neurotransmitter release contribute to muscle weakness in Sod1(-/-) mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Ivannikov
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gonzalez-Freire M, de Cabo R, Bernier M, Sollott SJ, Fabbri E, Navas P, Ferrucci L. Reconsidering the Role of Mitochondria in Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 70:1334-42. [PMID: 25995290 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been considered a major contributor to aging and age-related diseases. Harman's Mitochondrial Free Radical Theory of Aging postulated that somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations that accumulate over the life span cause excessive production of reactive oxygen species that damage macromolecules and impair cell and tissue function. Indeed, studies have shown that maximal oxidative capacity declines with age while reactive oxygen species production increases. Harman's hypothesis has been seriously challenged by recent studies showing that reactive oxygen species evoke metabolic health and longevity, perhaps through hormetic mechanisms that include autophagy. The purpose of this review is to scan the ever-growing literature on mitochondria from the perspective of aging research and try to identify priority questions that should be addressed in future research. METHODS A systematic search of peer-reviewed studies was performed using PubMed. Search terms included (i) mitochondria or mitochondrial; (ii) aging, ageing, older adults or elderly; and (iii) reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dynamics, mitochondrial proteostasis, cytosol, mitochondrial-associated membranes, redox homeostasis, electron transport chain, electron transport chain efficiency, epigenetic regulation, DNA heteroplasmy. RESULTS The importance of mitochondrial biology as a trait d'union between the basic biology of aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases is stronger than ever, although the emphasis has moved from reactive oxygen species production to other aspects of mitochondrial physiology, including mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover, energy sensing, apoptosis, senescence, and calcium dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria could play a key role in the pathophysiology of aging or in the earlier stages of some events that lead to the aging phenotype. Therefore, mitochondria will increasingly be targeted to prevent and treat chronic diseases and to promote healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven J Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Translational Gerontology Branch, and Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy 40126
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain 41013
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karelis AD, Messier V, Suppère C, Briand P, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Effect of cysteine-rich whey protein (immunocal®) supplementation in combination with resistance training on muscle strength and lean body mass in non-frail elderly subjects: a randomized, double-blind controlled study. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:531-6. [PMID: 25923482 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of a cysteine-rich whey protein (Immunocal®) supplementation in combination with resistance training on muscle strength and lean body mass (LBM) in elderly individuals. We hypothesized that the cysteine-rich whey protein (Immunocal®) group would experience a greater increase in muscle strength and lean body mass versus the control group (casein). DESIGN Randomized double-blind controlled intervention study. SETTING Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal in Montreal, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-nine non-frail elderly subjects were recruited. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group received a cysteine-rich whey protein isolate (Immunocal®) (20 g/day) and the control group received casein (20 g/day) during a 135-day period. In addition, both groups performed the same resistance training program (3 times per week). MEASUREMENTS Body composition (DXA) and muscle strength (leg press) were measured. RESULTS Of the 99 recruited participants, 84 completed the 135-day study period. Of these, 67 subjects (33 in the casein group and 34 in the Immunocal® group) complied and used at least 80 % of the study product and completed at least 80 % of their training sessions. Results in this selected group show an increase in all three muscle strength variables (absolute, normalized by BW and by LBM) by 31.0 %, 30.9 % and 30.0 %, respectively in the casein group as well as 39.3 %, 39.9 % and 43.3 %, respectively in the Immunocal® group after the intervention (p < 0.05). The increases in muscle strength favored Immunocal® versus casein by approximately 10 % when expressed in kg per kg BW and in kg per kg LBM (p < 0.05). No significant changes were found between pre-and-post intervention in both groups for total LBM. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed increases in muscle strength in both groups after resistance training, however, significant additional increases were observed in muscle strength with the addition of a cysteine-rich whey protein (Immunocal®) versus casein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Karelis
- Antony Karelis, PhD, Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 8888, succ centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3P8, Tel: 001-514-987-3000 ext. 5082, Fax: 001-514-987-6616,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lightfoot AP, McArdle A, Jackson MJ, Cooper RG. In the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), do reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to muscle weakness? Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:1340-6. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-207172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of rare autoimmune disorders, collectively known as myositis. Affected patients present with proximal muscle weakness, which usually improves following treatment with immunosuppressants, but often incompletely so, thus many patients remain weak. IIMs are characterised histologically by inflammatory cell infiltrates into skeletal muscle and overexpression of major histocompatibility complex I on muscle cell surfaces. Although inflammatory cell infiltrates represent a major feature of myositis there is growing evidence that muscle weakness correlates only poorly with the degree of cellular infiltration, while weakness may in fact precede such infiltrations. The mechanisms underpinning such non-immune cell mediated weakness in IIM are poorly understood. Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways appears to be a potential contributor. Data from non-muscle cells indicate that endoplasmic reticulum stress results in altered redox homeostasis capable of causing oxidative damage. In myopathological situations other than IIM, as seen in ageing and sepsis, evidence supports an important role for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modified ROS generation is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, depressed force generation and activation of muscle catabolic and autophagy pathways. Despite the growing evidence demonstrating a key role for ROS in skeletal muscle dysfunction in myopathologies other than IIM, no research has yet investigated the role of modified generation of ROS in inducing the weakness characteristic of IIM. This article reviews current knowledge regarding muscle weakness in the absence of immune cells in IIM, and provides a background to the potential role of modified ROS generation as a mechanism of muscle dysfunction. The authors suggest that ROS-mediated mechanisms are potentially involved in non-immune cell mediated weakness seen in IIM and outline how these mechanisms might be investigated in this context. This appears a timely strategy, given recent developments in targeted therapies which specifically modify ROS generation.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sataranatarajan K, Qaisar R, Davis C, Sakellariou GK, Vasilaki A, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Bhaskaran S, McArdle A, Jackson M, Brooks SV, Richardson A, Van Remmen H. Neuron specific reduction in CuZnSOD is not sufficient to initiate a full sarcopenia phenotype. Redox Biol 2015; 5:140-148. [PMID: 25917273 PMCID: PMC5022075 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that adult (8 month) mice lacking CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD, Sod1KO mice) have neuromuscular changes resulting in dramatic accelerated muscle atrophy and weakness that mimics age-related sarcopenia. We have further shown that loss of CuZnSOD targeted to skeletal muscle alone results in only mild weakness and no muscle atrophy. In this study, we targeted deletion of CuZnSOD specifically to neurons (nSod1KO mice) and determined the effect on muscle mass and weakness. The nSod1KO mice show a significant loss of CuZnSOD activity and protein level in brain and spinal cord but not in muscle tissue. The masses of the gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were not reduced in nSod1KO compared to wild type mice, even at 20 months of age, although the quadriceps and soleus muscles showed small but statistically significant reductions in mass in the nSod1KO mice. Maximum isometric specific force was reduced by 8–10% in the gastrocnemius and EDL muscle of nSod1KO mice, while soleus was not affected. Muscle mitochondrial ROS generation and oxidative stress measured by levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) regulatory enzymes, protein nitration and F2-isoprostane levels were not increased in muscle from the nSod1KO mice. Although we did not find evidence of denervation in the nSod1KO mice, neuromuscular junction morphology was altered and the expression of genes associated with denervation acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha (AChRα), the transcription factor, Runx1 and GADD45α) was increased, supporting a role for neuronal loss of CuZnSOD initiating alterations at the neuromuscular junction. These results and our previous studies support the concept that CuZnSOD deficits in either the motor neuron or muscle alone are not sufficient to initiate a full sarcopenic phenotype and that deficits in both tissues are required to recapitulate the loss of muscle observed in Sod1KO mice. CuZnSOD deletion in nSod1KO mice does not induce an overt sarcopenia phenotype. Force is slightly reduced in the gastrocnemius of nSod1KO mice but mass is unaffected. Neuronal Sod1 depletion does not induce denervation despite altered NMJ morphology. Neuronal Sod1 depletion does not induce muscle oxidative stress or mitochondrial ROS. Deficits in both motor neurons and muscle are required to initiate sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Carol Davis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Giorgos K Sakellariou
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Shylesh Bhaskaran
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anne McArdle
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm Jackson
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arlan Richardson
- Oklahoma VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Oklahoma VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|