1
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Serum and lymph pharmacokinetics of nilotinib delivered by yeast glucan particles per os. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122627. [PMID: 36693484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nilotinib is a selective tyrosine-kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. It is poorly soluble in aqueous media and has a low oral bioavailability. Nilotinib encapsulation into yeast glucan particles (GPs) was investigated in this work as a means of increasing bioavailability. The amorphization of nilotinib in GPs resulted in an increased dissolution rate, which was confirmed by in vitro experiments using biorelevant dissolution media. Simultaneously, GPs containing nilotinib were effectively taken up by macrophages, which was quantified in vitro on cell cultures. The overall oral bioavailability in a rat model was approximately 39 % for nilotinib delivered in a reference formulation (Tasigna) and was almost doubled when delivered in GPs. The contribution of glucan particles to the lymphatic transport of nilotinib was quantified. When delivered by GPs, cumulative nilotinib absorption via the lymphatic system increased by a factor of 10.8 compared to the reference, but still represented arelative bioavailability of only 1.12 %. The cumulative uptake of GPs in the lymph was found to be 0.54 mg after a single dose of 50 mg. Yeast glucan particles can therefore serve as a drug delivery vehicle with a dual function: dissolution rate enhancement by amorphization, and, to asmaller extent, lymphatic delivery due to macrophage uptake.
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2
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Tripathi R, Anifowose A, Lu W, Yang X, Wang B. Upregulation of p53 through induction of MDM2 degradation: improved potency through the introduction of an alkylketone sidechain on the anthraquinone core. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2370-2381. [PMID: 36043494 PMCID: PMC9448394 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2116699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ubiquitin ligase MDM2 causes depletion of the p53 tumour-suppressor and thus leads to cancer progression. In recent years, anthraquinone analogs have received significant attention due to their ability to downregulate MDM2, thereby promoting p53-induced apoptosis. Previously, we have developed potent anthraquinone compounds having the ability to upregulate p53 via inhibition of MDM2 in both cell culture and animal models of acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Earlier work was focussed on mechanistic work, pharmacological validation of this class of compounds in animal models, and mapping out structural space that allows for further modification and optimisation. Herein, we describe our work in optimising the substituents on the two phenol hydroxyl groups. It was found that the introduction of an alkylketone moiety led to a potent series of analogs with BW-AQ-350 being the most potent compound yet (IC50 = 0.19 ± 0.01 µM) which exerts cytotoxicity by inducing MDM2 degradation and p53 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abiodun Anifowose
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Ma B, Feng H, Feng C, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Wang W, He P, Niu F. Kill Two Birds with One Stone: A Multifunctional Dual-Targeting Protein Drug to Overcome Imatinib Resistance in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104850. [PMID: 35239999 PMCID: PMC9069375 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Bcr/Abl plays a central role in Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia because of the constitutively activated Abl tyrosine kinase and its downstream pathways. Currently, the clinical treatment of imatinib-resistant patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is severely limited by drug resistance and adverse effects. Herein, a dual-targeting proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) protein drug, termed PMI Bcr/Abl-R6, is designed by engrafting an MDM2/p53 inhibition peptide sequence onto the Bcr/Abl tetramerization domain. PMI Bcr/Abl-R6, harboring a Bcr/Abl targeting sequence and an MDM2 binding sequence, acts as a PROTAC drug in Ph+ leukemia cells. Its dual-targeting constitution suggests that PMI Bcr/Abl-R6 designs to target the tetramerization domain instead of the Abl kinase domain, therefore has the potential to overcome drug resistance mutations in the kinase domain. The efficient ability of PMI Bcr/Abl-R6 is demonstrated to simultaneously induce Bcr/Abl degradation and activate the p53 pathway. PMI Bcr/Abl-R6 has the potential to overcome drug resistance in Ph+ leukemias by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Ma
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
| | - Fan Niu
- Department of HematologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710061China
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Kung CP, Weber JD. It’s Getting Complicated—A Fresh Look at p53-MDM2-ARF Triangle in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:818744. [PMID: 35155432 PMCID: PMC8833255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.818744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumorigenic mechanisms mediated by the tumor suppressor p53, upon oncogenic stresses, are our bodies’ greatest weapons to battle against cancer onset and development. Consequently, factors that possess significant p53-regulating activities have been subjects of serious interest from the cancer research community. Among them, MDM2 and ARF are considered the most influential p53 regulators due to their abilities to inhibit and activate p53 functions, respectively. MDM2 inhibits p53 by promoting ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of p53, while ARF activates p53 by physically interacting with MDM2 to block its access to p53. This conventional understanding of p53-MDM2-ARF functional triangle have guided the direction of p53 research, as well as the development of p53-based therapeutic strategies for the last 30 years. Our increasing knowledge of this triangle during this time, especially through identification of p53-independent functions of MDM2 and ARF, have uncovered many under-appreciated molecular mechanisms connecting these three proteins. Through recognizing both antagonizing and synergizing relationships among them, our consideration for harnessing these relationships to develop effective cancer therapies needs an update accordingly. In this review, we will re-visit the conventional wisdom regarding p53-MDM2-ARF tumor-regulating mechanisms, highlight impactful studies contributing to the modern look of their relationships, and summarize ongoing efforts to target this pathway for effective cancer treatments. A refreshed appreciation of p53-MDM2-ARF network can bring innovative approaches to develop new generations of genetically-informed and clinically-effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
| | - Jason D. Weber
- ICCE Institute, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Che-Pei Kung, ; Jason D. Weber,
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Klein AM, de Queiroz RM, Venkatesh D, Prives C. The roles and regulation of MDM2 and MDMX: it is not just about p53. Genes Dev 2021; 35:575-601. [PMID: 33888565 PMCID: PMC8091979 DOI: 10.1101/gad.347872.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Klein et al. discuss the p53-independent roles of MDM2 and MDMX. First, they review the structural and functional features of MDM2 and MDMX proteins separately and together that could be relevant to their p53-independent activities. Following this, they summarize how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Most well studied as proteins that restrain the p53 tumor suppressor protein, MDM2 and MDMX have rich lives outside of their relationship to p53. There is much to learn about how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Regulation of MDM2 and MDMX, which takes place at the level of transcription, post-transcription, and protein modification, can be very intricate and is context-dependent. Equally complex are the myriad roles that these two proteins play in cells that lack wild-type p53; while many of these independent outcomes are consistent with oncogenic transformation, in some settings their functions could also be tumor suppressive. Since numerous small molecules that affect MDM2 and MDMX have been developed for therapeutic outcomes, most if not all designed to prevent their restraint of p53, it will be essential to understand how these diverse molecules might affect the p53-independent activities of MDM2 and MDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Klein
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Simioni C, Bergamini F, Ferioli M, Rimondi E, Caruso L, Neri LM. New biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in acute lymphoblastic leukemias: Recent advances. Hematol Oncol 2019; 38:22-33. [PMID: 31487068 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies, and it is normally characterized by an aberrant proliferation of immature lymphoid cells. Moreover, dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways that normally regulate cellular transcription, growth, translation, and proliferation is frequently encountered in this malignancy. ALL is the most frequent tumor in childhood, and adult ALL patients still correlate with poor survival. This review focuses on modern therapies in ALL that move beyond standard chemotherapy, with a particular emphasis on immunotherapeutic approaches as new treatment strategies. Bi-specific T-cell Engagers (BiTE) antibodies, the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, or CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats [CRISPR]-associated nuclease 9) represent other new innovative approaches for this disease. Target and tailored therapy could make the difference in previously untreatable cases, i.e., precision and personalized medicine. Clinical trials will help to select the most efficient novel therapies in ALL management and to integrate them with existing treatments to achieve durable cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Simioni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Bergamini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Ferioli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA-Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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7
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Bassan R, Brüggemann M, Radcliffe HS, Hartfield E, Kreuzbauer G, Wetten S. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of minimal residual disease as a prognostic indicator in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 104:2028-2039. [PMID: 30890593 PMCID: PMC6886415 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal (or 'measurable') residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia appears to be a prognostic indicator, with potential value in informing individualized treatment decisions. Complete understanding of the strength of the association between minimal residual disease and long-term outcomes is, however, lacking. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed to elucidate the clinical significance of minimal residual disease with respect to relapse-free survival and overall survival in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A total of 23 articles and abstracts, most published between 2012 and 2016, were identified for inclusion in the primary meta-analysis. Typically, patients were in their first complete remission at the time of minimal residual disease assessment; in two studies, all patients were in their second, or later, complete remission. The primary analysis revealed improved relapse-free survival across all studies for patients who achieved minimal residual disease negativity (random effects hazard ratio, 2.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-2.86). Improved overall survival for patients who achieved minimal residual disease negativity was also observed (hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.63-2.94). There was no observed difference in the impact of minimal residual disease status in subgroups based on disease stage, minimal residual disease sensitivity threshold level, Philadelphia chromosome status, histological phenotype, risk group, minimal residual disease testing location, minimal residual disease timing after induction, or minimal residual disease detection method. Despite heterogeneity in study design and patient populations between the contributing studies, these data provide a compelling argument for minimal residual disease as a clinical tool for assessing prognosis and guiding treatment decisions in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bassan
- Complex Operative Unit of Haematology, dell'Angelo Hospital and Santissimi Giovanni and Paolo Hospital, Mestre and Venice, Italy
| | - Monika Brüggemann
- Department of Medicine II, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospital, Kiel, Germany
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8
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Carter BZ, Mak PY, Mu H, Wang X, Tao W, Mak DH, Dettman EJ, Cardone M, Zernovak O, Seki T, Andreeff M. Combined inhibition of MDM2 and BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase targets chronic myeloid leukemia stem/progenitor cells in a murine model. Haematologica 2019; 105:1274-1284. [PMID: 31371419 PMCID: PMC7193504 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.219261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although highly effective, BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors do not target chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells. Most patients relapse upon tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy cessation. We reported previously that combined BCR-ABL1 and BCL-2 inhibition synergistically targets CML stem/progenitor cells. p53 induces apoptosis mainly by modulating BCL-2 family proteins. Although infrequently mutated in CML, p53 is antagonized by MDM2, which is regulated by BCR-ABL1 signaling. We hypothesized that MDM2 inhibition could sensitize CML cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Using an inducible transgenic Scl-tTa-BCR-ABL1 murine CML model, we found, by RT-PCR and CyTOF proteomics increased p53 signaling in CML bone marrow (BM) cells compared with controls in CD45+ and linage-SCA-1+C-KIT+ populations. CML BM cells were more sensitive to exogenous BH3 peptides than controls. Combined inhibition of BCR-ABL1 with imatinib and MDM2 with DS-5272 increased NOXA level, markedly reduced leukemic linage-SCA-1+C-KIT+ cells and hematopoiesis, decreased leukemia burden, significantly prolonged the survival of mice engrafted with BM cells from Scl-tTa-BCR-ABL1 mice, and significantly decreased CML stem cell frequency in secondary transplantations. Our results suggest that CML stem/progenitor cells have increased p53 signaling and a propensity for apoptosis. Combined MDM2 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition targets CML stem/progenitor cells and has the potential to improve cure rates for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hong Mu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangmeng Wang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Duncan H Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Oleg Zernovak
- Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Oncology Laboratories, R&D Division, 2-58, Hiromachi 1-Chrome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Seki
- Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd., Oncology Laboratories, R&D Division, 2-58, Hiromachi 1-Chrome, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Lymphomas driven by Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) are dependant upon Mdm2. Oncogene 2018; 37:3998-4012. [PMID: 29691476 PMCID: PMC6054874 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated Burkitt’s lymphoma is characterised by the deregulation of c-Myc expression and a restricted viral gene expression pattern in which the EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein to be consistently expressed. EBNA1 is required for viral genome propagation and segregation during latency. However, it has been much debated whether the protein plays a role in viral-associated tumourigenesis. We show that the lymphomas which arise in EµEBNA1 transgenic mice are unequivocally linked to EBNA1 expression and that both C-Myc and Mdm2 deregulation are central to this process. Tumour cell survival is supported by IL-2 and there is a skew towards CD8 positive T-cells in the tumour environment, while the immune check-point protein PD-L1 is upregulated in the tumours. Additionally, several isoforms of Mdm2 are upregulated in the EµEBNA1 tumours, with increased phosphorylation at ser166, an expression pattern not seen in Eµc-Myc transgenic tumours. Concomitantly, E2F1, Xiap, Mta1, C-Fos and Stat1 are upregulated in the tumours. Using four independent inhibitors of Mdm2 we demonstrate that the EµEBNA1 tumour cells are dependant upon Mdm2 for survival (as they are upon c-Myc) and that Mdm2 inhibition is not accompanied by upregulation of p53, instead cell death is linked to loss of E2F1 expression, providing new insight into the underlying tumourigenic mechanism. This opens a new path to combat EBV-associated disease.
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10
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Gowda Saralamma VV, Lee HJ, Raha S, Lee WS, Kim EH, Lee SJ, Heo JD, Won C, Kang CK, Kim GS. Inhibition of IAP's and activation of p53 leads to caspase-dependent apoptosis in gastric cancer cells treated with Scutellarein. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5993-6006. [PMID: 29464049 PMCID: PMC5814189 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. South Korea is in first place with 9,180 death alone attributed to gastric cancer in 2013. Plenty of literature suggests the evasion of apoptosis is implicated in neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases, and tumors development due to dysregulation in the apoptotic mechanism. Reduced apoptosis or its resistance in cancer cells plays a significant role in carcinogenesis. It’s imperative to understand apoptosis, which provides the basis for novel targeted therapies that can induce cancer cell death or sensitize them to cytotoxic agents by regulating key factors like IAPs, MDM2, p53, caspases and much more. Studies have demonstrated that Scutellarein have the ability to inhibit several cancer cells by inducing apoptosis with both: Scutellarein monomers as well as scutellarein containing flavonoids. MTT results revealed that scutellarein inhibited cell viability in both dose and time dependent manner. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis showed that scutellarein induces apoptosis in both AGS and SNU-484 human gastric cancer cells and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in SNU-484 cells. This study demonstrated that the Scutellarein on AGS and SNU-484 cells significantly inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptotic cell death via down regulating MDM2 and activated the tumor suppresser protein p53, subsequently down regulating the IAP family proteins (cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP) leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis in AGS and SNU-484 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
| | - Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Biological Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Biological Resource Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungkil Won
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Keun Kang
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju, Republic Korea
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11
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Trino S, De Luca L, Laurenzana I, Caivano A, Del Vecchio L, Martinelli G, Musto P. P53-MDM2 Pathway: Evidences for A New Targeted Therapeutic Approach in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:491. [PMID: 28018226 PMCID: PMC5159974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a canonical regulator of different biological functions, like apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and genomic stability. This gene is frequently altered in human tumors generally by point mutations or deletions. Conversely, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) genomic alterations of TP53 are rather uncommon, and prevalently occur in patients at relapse or with poor prognosis. On the other hand, p53 pathway is often compromised by the inactivation of its regulatory proteins, as MDM2 and ARF. MDM2 inhibitor molecules are able to antagonize p53-MDM2 interaction allowing p53 to exert tumor suppressor transcriptional regulation and to induce apoptotic pathways. Recent preclinical and clinical studies propose that MDM2 targeted therapy represents a promising anticancer strategy restoring p53 dependent mechanisms in ALL disease. Here, we discussed the use of new small molecule targeting p53 pathways as a promising drug target therapy in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L.Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli," University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
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12
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Li P, Shi JX, Dai LP, Chai YR, Zhang HF, Kankonde M, Kankonde P, Yu BF, Zhang JY. Serum anti-MDM2 and anti-c-Myc autoantibodies as biomarkers in the early detection of lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1138200. [PMID: 27467958 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1138200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of serum autoantibodies against MDM2 and c-Myc and evaluate their feasibility in the immunodiagnosis of lung cancer. 50 sera samples with 43 available paired lung cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue slides with follow up information and 44 sera from normal human controls (NHC) were used in the research group. Another 62 lung cancer sera and 43 NHC sera were used in the validation group. The results of IHC showed that MDM2 and c-Myc protein were overexpressed in lung cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). Likewise, significantly higher levels of serum autoantibodies against MDM2 and c-Myc were found in lung cancer compared to NHC both in research and validation groups. Further analysis on IHC and ELISA results showed that serum level of autoantibodies against these two TAAs were positively associated with tissue staining scores (both p < 0.05). The area under curve (AUC) values of anti-MDM2 and anti-cMyc autoantibodies for discriminating lung cancers from NHC were 0.698 and 0.636 in research group, 0.777 and 0.815 in the validation group, respectively. Both anti-MDM2 and anti-c-Myc autoantibodies can discriminate stage I lung cancer patients from NHC with AUC values of 0.703 and 0.662. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher level of serum anti-c-Myc autoantibodies was significantly related to shortened disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.041). In conclusion, our finding suggested that serum MDM2 and c-Myc autoantibodies may have the potential to serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jian-Xiang Shi
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX, USA; Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Ping Dai
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX, USA; Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Rong Chai
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX, USA; Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mutombo Kankonde
- Greater East Cancer Center & Coalition for the Reversal of Breast Cancer Mortality in African American Women , El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Peggy Kankonde
- Greater East Cancer Center & Coalition for the Reversal of Breast Cancer Mortality in African American Women , El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bao-Fa Yu
- Beijing Baofa Tumor Hospital , Changping Dist, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX, USA; Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Burgess A, Chia KM, Haupt S, Thomas D, Haupt Y, Lim E. Clinical Overview of MDM2/X-Targeted Therapies. Front Oncol 2016; 6:7. [PMID: 26858935 PMCID: PMC4728205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 and MDMX are the primary negative regulators of p53, which under normal conditions maintain low intracellular levels of p53 by targeting it to the proteasome for rapid degradation and inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Both MDM2 and MDMX function as powerful oncogenes and are commonly over-expressed in some cancers, including sarcoma (~20%) and breast cancer (~15%). In contrast to tumors that are p53 mutant, whereby the current therapeutic strategy restores the normal active conformation of p53, MDM2 and MDMX represent logical therapeutic targets in cancer for increasing wild-type (WT) p53 expression and activities. Recent preclinical studies suggest that there may also be situations that MDM2/X inhibitors could be used in p53 mutant tumors. Since the discovery of nutlin-3a, the first in a class of small molecule MDM2 inhibitors that binds to the hydrophobic cleft in the N-terminus of MDM2, preventing its association with p53, there is now an extensive list of related compounds. In addition, a new class of stapled peptides that can target both MDM2 and MDMX have also been developed. Importantly, preclinical modeling, which has demonstrated effective in vitro and in vivo killing of WT p53 cancer cells, has now been translated into early clinical trials allowing better assessment of their biological effects and toxicities in patients. In this overview, we will review the current MDM2- and MDMX-targeted therapies in development, focusing particularly on compounds that have entered into early phase clinical trials. We will highlight the challenges pertaining to predictive biomarkers for and toxicities associated with these compounds, as well as identify potential combinatorial strategies to enhance its anti-cancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Burgess
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kee Ming Chia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, the University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - David Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, the University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Heo SK, Noh EK, Yoon DJ, Jo JC, Choi Y, Koh S, Baek JH, Park JH, Min YJ, Kim H. Radotinib Induces Apoptosis of CD11b+ Cells Differentiated from Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129853. [PMID: 26065685 PMCID: PMC4466365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Radotinib, developed as a BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is approved for the second-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in South Korea. However, therapeutic effects of radotinib in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that radotinib significantly decreases the viability of AML cells in a dose-dependent manner. Kasumi-1 cells were more sensitive to radotinib than NB4, HL60, or THP-1 cell lines. Furthermore, radotinib induced CD11b expression in NB4, THP-1, and Kasumi-1 cells either in presence or absence of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). We found that radotinib promoted differentiation and induced CD11b expression in AML cells by downregulating LYN. However, CD11b expression induced by ATRA in HL60 cells was decreased by radotinib through upregulation of LYN. Furthermore, radotinib mainly induced apoptosis of CD11b+ cells in the total population of AML cells. Radotinib also increased apoptosis of CD11b+ HL60 cells when they were differentiated by ATRA/dasatinib treatment. We show that radotinib induced apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in CD11b+ cells differentiated from AML cells. Our results suggest that radotinib may be used as a candidate drug in AML or a chemosensitizer for treatment of AML by other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Kyoung Heo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Kyu Noh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Yoon
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-060, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheol Jo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsuk Choi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJin Koh
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Baek
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoo Park
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Myongji Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, 412-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Min
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Hawk Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-060, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 682-714, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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