1
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Small RNA expression and miRNA modification dynamics in human oocytes and early embryos. Genome Res 2021; 31:1474-1485. [PMID: 34340992 PMCID: PMC8327922 DOI: 10.1101/gr.268193.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles during the oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET), when the maternal phenotype is reprogrammed and the embryo genome is gradually activated. The transcriptional program driving early human development has been studied with the focus mainly on protein-coding RNAs, and expression dynamics of sRNAs remain largely unexplored. We profiled sRNAs in human oocytes and early embryos using an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) method suitable for low inputs of material. We show that OET in humans is temporally coupled with the transition from predominant expression of oocyte short piRNAs (os-piRNAs) in oocytes, to activation of microRNA (miRNA) expression in cleavage stage embryos. Additionally, 3′ mono- and oligoadenylation of miRNAs is markedly increased in zygotes. We hypothesize that this may modulate the function or stability of maternal miRNAs, some of which are retained throughout the first cell divisions in embryos. This study is the first of its kind elucidating the dynamics of sRNA expression and miRNA modification along a continuous trajectory of early human development and provides a valuable data set for in-depth interpretative analyses.
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2
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Enwald M, Lehtimäki T, Mishra PP, Mononen N, Murtola TJ, Raitoharju E. Human Prostate Tissue MicroRNAs and Their Predicted Target Pathways Linked to Prostate Cancer Risk Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143537. [PMID: 34298752 PMCID: PMC8307951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are important in prostate cancer development, progression and metastasis. The aim of this study was to test microRNA expression profile in prostate tissue obtained from prostate cancer patients for associations with various prostate cancer related factors and to pinpoint the predicted target pathways for these microRNAs. Prostate tissue samples were obtained at prostatectomy from patients participating in a trial evaluating impact of pre-operative atorvastatin on serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Ki-67 expression in prostate tissue. Prostate tissue microRNA expression profiles were analyzed using OpenArray® MicroRNA Panel. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted for predicted target genes of microRNAs that correlated significantly with studied factors. Eight microRNAs correlated significantly with studied factors of patients after Bonferroni multiple testing correction. MiR-485-3p correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol levels. In atorvastatin-treated subjects, miR-34c-5p correlated with a change in serum PSA and miR-138-3p with a change in total cholesterol. In the placebo arm, both miR-576-3p and miR-550-3p correlated with HDL-cholesterol and miR-627 with PSA. In pathway analysis, these eight microRNAs related significantly to several pathways relevant to prostate cancer. This study brings new evidence from the expression of prostate tissue microRNAs and related pathways that may link risk factors to prostate cancer and pinpoint new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Enwald
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu J Murtola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- TAYS Cancer Center, Department of Urology, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Emma Raitoharju
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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3
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Morton SU, Sefton CR, Zhang H, Dai M, Turner DL, Uhler MD, Agrawal PB. microRNA-mRNA Profile of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relevance to Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052692. [PMID: 33799993 PMCID: PMC7962092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and translation during key developmental processes including muscle differentiation. Assessment of miRNA targets can provide insight into muscle biology and gene expression profiles altered by disease. mRNA and miRNA libraries were generated from C2C12 myoblasts during differentiation, and predicted miRNA targets were identified based on presence of miRNA binding sites and reciprocal expression. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed at all time intervals (comparing days 0, 2, and 5) of differentiation. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for functions related to calcium signaling and sarcomere formation. To evaluate this relationship in a disease state, we evaluated the miRNAs differentially expressed in human congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) myoblasts and compared with normal control. Seventy-four miRNAs were differentially expressed during healthy human myocyte maturation, of which only 12 were also up- or downregulated in CMD patient cells. The 62 miRNAs that were only differentially expressed in healthy cells were compared with differentiating C2C12 cells. Eighteen of the 62 were conserved in mouse and up- or down-regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation, and their C2C12 targets were enriched for functions related to muscle differentiation and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
| | | | - Huanqing Zhang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - Manhong Dai
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - David L. Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
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4
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Gautvik KM, Günther CC, Prijatelj V, Medina-Gomez C, Shevroja E, Rad LH, Yazdani M, Lindalen E, Valland H, Gautvik VT, Olstad OK, Holden M, Rivadeneira F, Utheim TP, Reppe S. Distinct Subsets of Noncoding RNAs Are Strongly Associated With BMD and Fracture, Studied in Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Human Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1065-1076. [PMID: 32017184 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated mechanisms resulting in low bone mineral density (BMD) and susceptibility to fracture by comparing noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in biopsies of non-weight-bearing (NWB) iliac (n = 84) and weight bearing (WB) femoral (n = 18) postmenopausal bone across BMDs varying from normal (T-score > -1.0) to osteoporotic (T-score ≤ -2.5). Global bone ncRNA concentrations were determined by PCR and microchip analyses. Association with BMD or fracture, adjusted by age and body mass index, were calculated using linear and logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis. At 10% false discovery rate (FDR), 75 iliac bone ncRNAs and 94 femoral bone ncRNAs were associated with total hip BMD. Eight of the ncRNAs were common for the two sites, but five of them (miR-484, miR-328-3p, miR-27a-5p, miR-28-3p, and miR-409-3p) correlated positively to BMD in femoral bone, but negatively in iliac bone. Of predicted pathways recognized in bone metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction and proteoglycans in cancer emerged at both sites, whereas fatty acid metabolism and focal adhesion were only identified in iliac bone. Lasso analysis and cross-validations identified sets of nine bone ncRNAs correlating strongly with adjusted total hip BMD in both femoral and iliac bone. Twenty-eight iliac ncRNAs were associated with risk of fracture (FDR < 0.1). The small nucleolar RNAs, RNU44 and RNU48, have a function in stabilization of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and their association with fracture and BMD suggest that aberrant processing of rRNAs may be involved in development of osteoporosis. Cis-eQTL (expressed quantitative trait loci) analysis of the iliac bone biopsies identified two loci associated with microRNAs (miRNAs), one previously identified in a heel-BMD genomewide association study (GWAS). In this comprehensive investigation of the skeletal genetic background in postmenopausal women, we identified functional bone ncRNAs associated to fracture and BMD, representing distinct subsets in WB and NWB skeletal sites. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaare M Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Enisa Shevroja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leila Heidary Rad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Lindalen
- Orthopaedic Department, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haldor Valland
- Department of Surgery, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis T Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole K Olstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Stavanger University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Nóbrega OT, Morais-Junior GS, Viana NI, Reis ST, Perez DIV, Freitas WM, Sposito AC, Leite KRM, Srougi M. Circulating miR-34a and Bone Mineral Density of Brazilian Very-Old Adults. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:3431828. [PMID: 32377434 PMCID: PMC7196151 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3431828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human aging is marked by several body changes, including in bone mineral density (BMD). Research shows that microRNAs are important modulators of bone metabolism. The present research aims to analyze the whole blood concentration of 10 selected microRNAs (miRs) and their association with absolute and relative scores of BMD in specific osseous site of Brazilian very-old adults. Forty noninstitutionalized and apparently healthy, very old (≥80 years) outpatients were eligible for research. Anthropometry, biochemistry, and densitometry measurements were performed along with coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores and tested across total circulating levels of microRNAs. As expected, the relative BMD scores for the lumbosacral region (L1 to S5) and for the femoral head and neck observed in the sample denote weakened bone architecture, compatible with prevalent osteopenia and osteoporosis. In this context, one single significant association was found, and negatively implicated the miR-34a-5p with both absolute (β = -0.36, P=0.001 for BMD) and relative (β = -0.43, P=0.001 for T-score) densitometry indexes of the femoral head (adjusted to sex and physical activity practice), but not with the other sites. No difference in total blood concentrations of the miRs was found according to CAC scores. Our findings indicate greater circulating levels for miR-34a-5p among very-old adults who display the lowest scores of BMD, being a finding consistent with a modest contribution of the miR (along with co-variables) to the mineralization of that site. Attesting clinical relevance of our findings demands forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Miguel Srougi
- State University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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6
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Luo T, Yang X, Sun Y, Huang X, Zou L, Liu J. Effect of MicroRNA-20a on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 208:148-157. [PMID: 32097913 DOI: 10.1159/000506304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) is a complex process that is regulated by multiple factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNA miR-20a was shown to promote bone formation from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. However, the role of miR-20a in osteogenic differentiation of hASCs remains unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the function of miR-20a in regulating hASC osteogenesis in vitro. hASCs were transduced with miR-20a-overexpressing and miR-20a-sponge lentiviral vectors, with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a control. The results showed that miR-20a transcription was upregulated after hASC mineralization. Compared with the miR-20a-sponge, GFP, and hASC groups, the miR-20a-overexpressing group showed higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity on days 7 and 14. Moreover, the mRNA level of ALP increased significantly in the miR-20a-overexpressing group on day 14. Furthermore, the protein of the target gene PPARγ was decreased, and the osteogenic differentiation-associated proteins ALP, osteocalcin, and RUNX2 were upregulated. hASCs anchored to HA/β-TCP revealed a healthy polygonal morphology and developed cytoplasmic extensions. miR-20a promoted osteogenic differentiation of the cell scaffold. Taken together, these data -confirm that miRNA-20a promotes the osteogenesis of hASCs in vitro, and its essential role in vivo needs further -investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Micrornas at the Interface between Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis as Targets for Bone Regeneration. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020121. [PMID: 30717449 PMCID: PMC6406308 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation and regeneration is a multistep complex process crucially determined by the formation of blood vessels in the growth plate region. This is preceded by the expression of growth factors, notably the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), secreted by osteogenic cells, as well as the corresponding response of endothelial cells, although the exact mechanisms remain to be clarified. Thereby, coordinated coupling between osteogenesis and angiogenesis is initiated and sustained. The precise interplay of these two fundamental processes is crucial during times of rapid bone growth or fracture repair in adults. Deviations in this balance might lead to pathologic conditions such as osteoarthritis and ectopic bone formation. Besides VEGF, the recently discovered important regulatory and modifying functions of microRNAs also support this key mechanism. These comprise two principal categories of microRNAs that were identified with specific functions in bone formation (osteomiRs) and/or angiogenesis (angiomiRs). However, as hypoxia is a major driving force behind bone angiogenesis, a third group involved in this process is represented by hypoxia-inducible microRNAs (hypoxamiRs). This review was focused on the identification of microRNAs that were found to have an active role in osteogenesis as well as angiogenesis to date that were termed "CouplingmiRs (CPLGmiRs)". Outlined representatives therefore represent microRNAs that already have been associated with an active role in osteogenic-angiogenic coupling or are presumed to have its potential. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing bone angiogenesis are of great relevance for improving therapeutic options in bone regeneration, tissue-engineering, and the treatment of bone-related diseases.
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8
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Gallant-Behm CL, Piper J, Dickinson BA, Dalby CM, Pestano LA, Jackson AL. A synthetic microRNA-92a inhibitor (MRG-110) accelerates angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic and nondiabetic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 26:311-323. [PMID: 30118158 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong unmet need for new therapeutics to accelerate wound healing across both chronic and acute indications. It is well established that local tissue hypoxia, vascular insufficiency, and/or insufficient angiogenesis contribute to inadequate wound repair in the context of diabetic foot ulcers as well as to other chronic wounds such as venous stasis and pressure ulcers. microRNA-92a-3p (miR-92a) is a potent antiangiogenic miRNA whose inhibition has led to increases in angiogenesis in multiple organ systems, resulting in an improvement in function following myocardial infarction, limb ischemia, vascular injury, and bone fracture. Due to their pro-angiogenic effects, miR-92a inhibitors offer potential therapeutics to accelerate the healing process in cutaneous wounds as well. This study investigated the effect of a development stage locked nucleic acid-modified miR-92a inhibitor, MRG-110, in excisional wounds in db/db mice and in normal pigs. In both acute and chronic wounds, MRG-110 increased granulation tissue formation as assessed by histology, angiogenesis as assessed by immunohistochemistry and tissue perfusion, and wound healing as measured by time to closure and percent closure over time. The effects of MRG-110 were greater than those that were observed with the positive controls rhVEGF-165 and rhPDGF-BB, and MRG-110 was at least additive with rhPDGF-BB when co-administered in db/db mouse wounds. MRG-110 was found to up-regulate expression of the pro-angiogenic miR-92a target gene integrin alpha 5 in vitro in both human vascular endothelial cells and primary human skin fibroblasts and in vivo in mouse skin, demonstrating its on-target effects in vitro and in vivo. Additional safety endpoints were assessed in both the mouse and pig studies with no safety concerns noted. These studies suggest that MRG-110 has the potential to accelerate both chronic and acute wound healing and these data provide support for future clinical trials of MRG-110.
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9
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt RNAs that direct posttranscriptional repression of mRNA targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. In humans and other mammals, these small RNAs help sculpt the expression of most mRNAs. This article reviews advances in our understanding of the defining features of metazoan miRNAs and their biogenesis, genomics, and evolution. It then reviews how metazoan miRNAs are regulated, how they recognize and cause repression of their targets, and the biological functions of this repression, with a compilation of knockout phenotypes that shows that important biological functions have been identified for most of the broadly conserved miRNAs of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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10
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Sun YX, Zhang JF, Xu J, Xu LL, Wu TY, Wang B, Pan XH, Li G. MicroRNA-144-3p inhibits bone formation in distraction osteogenesis through targeting Connexin 43. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89913-89922. [PMID: 29163798 PMCID: PMC5685719 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO), one of effective therapies for bone regeneration, has been received more attention in recent years. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in regulating osteogenesis and bone formation. We therefore provided the hypothesis that miRNAs could involve in the DO-mediated bone regeneration. After successfully established the DO model of rats, a miRNA microarray was performed to find the differently expressed miRNAs in DO and control groups in this study. As one of the most downregulated miRNAs, miR-144-3p was found to be decreased during osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells of rats (rBMSCs) and DO model. And miR-144-3p overexpression suppressed the osteogenesis while its inhibitor promoted osteogenesis. Furthermore, Connexin-43, an essential regulator for osteogenesis, was validated to be a novel target for miR-144-3p. Finally, miR-144-3p inhibitor modified MSCs promoted mineralization of distracted bone in rat DO model. In conclusion, miR-144-3p was found to regulate osteogenesis and inhibition of miR-144-3p resulted in acceleration of mineralization of DO, which not only give clues to understanding the mechanism of DO but also provide a potential therapeutic target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bao-An District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liang-Liang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hua Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bao-An District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Bao-An District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, PR China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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11
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Garcia‐Riart B, Lorda‐Diez CI, Marin‐Llera JC, Garcia‐Porrero JA, Hurle JM, Montero JA. Interdigital tissue remodelling in the embryonic limb involves dynamic regulation of the miRNA profiles. J Anat 2017; 231:275-286. [PMID: 28543398 PMCID: PMC5522895 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing in combination with quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a dynamic miRNA signature in the interdigital mesoderm of the chick embryonic hinlimb in the course of interdigit remodelling. During this period, 612 previously known chicken miRNAs (gga-miRNAs) and 401 non-identified sequences were expressed in the interdigital mesoderm. Thirty-six microRNAs, represented by more than 750 reads per million, displayed differential expression between stages HH29 (6 id) and HH32 (7.5 id), which correspond to the onset and the peak of interdigital cell death. Twenty miRNAs were upregulated by at least 1.5-fold, and sixteen were downregulated by at least 0.5-fold. Upregulated miRNAs included miRNAs with recognized proapoptotic functions in other systems (miR-181 family, miR-451 and miR-148a), miRNAs associated with inflammation and cell senescence (miR-21 and miR-146) and miRNAs able to induce changes in the extracellular matrix (miR-30c). In contrast, miRNAs with known antiapoptotic effects in other systems, such as miR-222 and miR-205, became downregulated. In addition, miR-92, an important positive regulator of cell proliferation, was also downregulated. Together, these findings indicate a role for miRNAs in the control of tissue regression and cell death in a characteristic morphogenetic embryonic process based on massive apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Garcia‐Riart
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Carlos I. Lorda‐Diez
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Jessica C. Marin‐Llera
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
- Present address:
Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoDistrito FederalMéxico
| | - Juan A. Garcia‐Porrero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Juan M. Hurle
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Juan A. Montero
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular and IDIVALUniversidad de CantabriaSantanderSpain
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12
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Sun W, Zhao C, Li Y, Wang L, Nie G, Peng J, Wang A, Zhang P, Tian W, Li Q, Song J, Wang C, Xu X, Tian Y, Zhao D, Xu Z, Zhong G, Han B, Ling S, Chang YZ, Li Y. Osteoclast-derived microRNA-containing exosomes selectively inhibit osteoblast activity. Cell Discov 2016; 2:16015. [PMID: 27462462 PMCID: PMC4886818 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have an important role in bone homeostasis. However, the detailed mechanism of microRNA-mediated intercellular communication between bone cells remains elusive. Here, we report that osteoclasts secrete microRNA-enriched exosomes, by which miR-214 is transferred into osteoblasts to inhibit their function. In a coculture system, inhibition of exosome formation and secretion prevented miR-214 transportation. Exosomes specifically recognized osteoblasts through the interaction between ephrinA2 and EphA2. In osteoclast-specific miR-214 transgenic mice, exosomes were secreted into the serum, and miR-214 and ephrinA2 levels were elevated. Therefore, these exosomes have an inhibitory role in osteoblast activity. miR-214 and ephrinA2 levels in serum exosomes from osteoporotic patients and mice were upregulated substantially. These exosomes may significantly inhibit osteoblast activity. Inhibition of exosome secretion via Rab27a small interfering RNA prevented ovariectomized-induced osteoblast dysfunction in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that exosome-mediated transfer of microRNA plays an important role in the regulation of osteoblast activity. Circulating miR-214 in exosomes not only represents a biomarker for bone loss but could selectively regulate osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, 309 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiming Tian
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Institute of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army , Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China , Beijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Zi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Bingxing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing, China
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Exosomal microRNA miR-92a concentration in serum reflects human brown fat activity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11420. [PMID: 27117818 PMCID: PMC4853423 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy and its activity correlates with leanness in human adults. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography coupled with computer tomography (PET/CT) is still the standard for measuring BAT activity, but exposes subjects to ionizing radiation. To study BAT function in large human cohorts, novel diagnostic tools are needed. Here we show that brown adipocytes release exosomes and that BAT activation increases exosome release. Profiling miRNAs in exosomes released from brown adipocytes, and in exosomes isolated from mouse serum, we show that levels of miRNAs change after BAT activation in vitro and in vivo. One of these exosomal miRNAs, miR-92a, is also present in human serum exosomes. Importantly, serum concentrations of exosomal miR-92a inversely correlate with human BAT activity measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT in two unique and independent cohorts comprising 41 healthy individuals. Thus, exosomal miR-92a represents a potential serum biomarker for BAT activity in mice and humans. Exosomes are RNA-containing lipid vesicles with roles in inter-tissue crosstalk. Here the authors show that exosome release from brown adipocytes is increased upon thermogenic activation, both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate that serum levels of exosomal miR-92 reflect brown fat activity in humans.
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14
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Papaioannou G. miRNAs in Bone Development. Curr Genomics 2016; 16:427-34. [PMID: 27019617 PMCID: PMC4765530 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150817202425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development is a multistage process during which mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo proliferation and differentiation and subsequently give rise to bone and cartilage forming cells. Each step is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling molecules. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that miRNAs play significant roles in skeletal development. Identifying their functions may give insights into the treatment of developmental disorders of the skeleton. This review summarizes miRNAs that have been shown to participate in various stages of skeletal development by targeting crucial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Papaioannou
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thier 1101, 50 Blossom Street, Boston MA, 02114, USA
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15
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Endometrial gene expression profile of pregnant sows with extreme phenotypes for reproductive efficiency. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14416. [PMID: 26435523 PMCID: PMC5155628 DOI: 10.1038/srep14416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolificacy can directly impact porcine profitability, but large genetic variation and low heritability have been found regarding litter size among porcine breeds. To identify key differences in gene expression associated to swine reproductive efficiency, we performed a transcriptome analysis of sows' endometrium from an Iberian x Meishan F2 population at day 30-32 of gestation, classified according to their estimated breeding value (EBV) as high (H, EBV > 0) and low (L, EBV < 0) prolificacy phenotypes. For each sample, mRNA and small RNA libraries were RNA-sequenced, identifying 141 genes and 10 miRNAs differentially expressed between H and L groups. We selected four miRNAs based on their role in reproduction, and five genes displaying the highest differences and a positive mapping into known reproductive QTLs for RT-qPCR validation on the whole extreme population. Significant differences were validated for genes: PTGS2 (p = 0.03; H/L ratio = 3.50), PTHLH (p = 0.03; H/L ratio = 3.69), MMP8 (p = 0.01; H/L ratio =4.41) and SCNN1G (p = 0.04; H/L ratio = 3.42). Although selected miRNAs showed similar expression levels between H and L groups, significant correlation was found between the expression level of ssc-miR-133a (p < 0.01) and ssc-miR-92a (p < 0.01) and validated genes. These results provide a better understanding of the genetic architecture of prolificacy-related traits and embryo implantation failure in pigs.
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16
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Olive V, Minella AC, He L. Outside the coding genome, mammalian microRNAs confer structural and functional complexity. Sci Signal 2015; 8:re2. [PMID: 25783159 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a class of small, regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with pivotal roles in posttranscriptional gene regulation. Since their initial discovery in 1993, numerous miRNAs have been identified in mammalian genomes, many of which play important roles in diverse cellular processes in development and disease. These small ncRNAs regulate the expression of many protein-coding genes posttranscriptionally, thus adding a substantial complexity to the molecular networks underlying physiological development and disease. In part, this complexity arises from the distinct gene structures, the extensive genomic redundancy, and the complex regulation of the expression and biogenesis of miRNAs. These characteristics contribute to the functional robustness and versatility of miRNAs and provide important clues to the functional significance of these small ncRNAs. The unique structure and function of miRNAs will continue to inspire many to explore the vast noncoding genome and to elucidate the molecular basis for the functional complexity of mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Olive
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Alex C Minella
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lin He
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA.
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17
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Marques FZ, Charchar FJ. microRNAs in Essential Hypertension and Blood Pressure Regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 888:215-35. [PMID: 26663185 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the complete genetic predisposition to high blood pressure (BP) has proven to be challenging. This puzzle and the fact that coding regions of the genome account for less than 2 % of the entire human DNA support the hypothesis that mechanisms besides coding genes are likely to contribute to BP regulation. Non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs, are emerging as key players of transcription regulation in both health and disease states. They control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct involvement with BP regulation is highly probable. Here we review the literature about microRNAs associated with regulation of BP and hypertension, highlighting investigations, methodology and difficulties arising in the field. These molecules are being studied for exploitation in diagnostics, prognostics and therapeutics in many diseases. There have been some studies that examined biological fluid microRNAs as biomarkers for hypertension, but most remain inconclusive due to the small sample sizes and differences in methodological standardisation. Fewer studies have analysed tissue microRNA levels in vascular smooth muscle cells and the kidney. Others focused on the interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms and microRNA binding sites. Studies in animals have shown that angiotensin II, high-salt diet and exercise change microRNA levels in hypertension. Treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats with a miR-22 inhibitor and treatment of hypertensive Schlager BPH/2J mice with a miR-181a mimic decreased their BP. This supports the use of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in hypertension, and future studies should test the use of other microRNAs found in human association studies. In conclusion, there is a clear need of increased pace of human, animal and functional studies to help us understand the multifaceted roles of microRNAs as critical regulators of the development and physiology of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Z Marques
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Mount Helen, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Mohan S, Wergedal JE, Das S, Kesavan C. Conditional disruption of miR17-92 cluster in collagen type I-producing osteoblasts results in reduced periosteal bone formation and bone anabolic response to exercise. Physiol Genomics 2014; 47:33-43. [PMID: 25492928 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00107.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the role of the microRNA (miR)17-92 cluster in osteoblast lineage cells using a Cre-loxP approach in which Cre expression is driven by the entire regulatory region of the type I collagen α2 gene. Conditional knockout (cKO) mice showed a 13-34% reduction in total body bone mineral content and area with little or no change in bone mineral density (BMD) by DXA at 2, 4, and 8 wk in both sexes. Micro-CT analyses of the femur revealed an 8% reduction in length and 25-27% reduction in total volume at the diaphyseal and metaphyseal sites. Neither cortical nor trabecular volumetric BMD was different in the cKO mice. Bone strength (maximum load) was reduced by 10% with no change in bone toughness. Quantitative histomorphometric analyses revealed a 28% reduction in the periosteal bone formation rate and in the mineral apposition rate but with no change in the resorbing surface. Expression levels of periostin, Elk3, Runx2 genes that are targeted by miRs from the cluster were decreased by 25-30% in the bones of cKO mice. To determine the contribution of the miR17-92 cluster to the mechanical strain effect on periosteal bone formation, we subjected cKO and control mice to 2 wk of mechanical loading by four-point bending. We found that the periosteal bone response to mechanical strain was significantly reduced in the cKO mice. We conclude that the miR17-92 cluster expressed in type I collagen-producing cells is a key regulator of periosteal bone formation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, JLP VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; and Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Jon E Wergedal
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, JLP VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; and Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Subhashri Das
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, JLP VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; and
| | - Chandrasekhar Kesavan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, JLP VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California; and Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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19
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The emerging role of non-coding RNA in essential hypertension and blood pressure regulation. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:459-67. [PMID: 25391760 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the complete genetic predisposition to high blood pressure (BP) has proven to be challenging. This puzzle and the fact that coding regions of the genome account for less than 2% of the entire human DNA support the hypothesis that genetic mechanism besides coding genes are likely to contribute to BP regulation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key players of transcription regulation in both health and disease states. They control basic functions in virtually all cell types relevant to the cardiovascular system and, thus, a direct involvement with BP regulation is highly probable. Here, we review the literature about ncRNAs associated with human BP and essential hypertension, highlighting investigations, methodology and difficulties arising in the field. The most investigated ncRNAs so far are microRNAs (miRNAs), small ncRNAs that modulate gene expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. We discuss studies that have examined miRNAs associated with BP in biological fluids, such as blood and urine, and tissues, such as vascular smooth muscle cells and the kidney. Furthermore, we review the interaction between miRNA binding sites and single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes associated with BP. In conclusion, there is a clear need for more human and functional studies to help elucidate the multifaceted roles of ncRNAs, in particular mid- and long ncRNAs in BP regulation.
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20
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Squadrito ML, De Palma M. Micromanaging restenosis by therapeutic inhibition of miR-92a. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:432-4. [PMID: 25082845 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leonardo Squadrito
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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21
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Duong Van Huyen JP, Tible M, Gay A, Guillemain R, Aubert O, Varnous S, Iserin F, Rouvier P, François A, Vernerey D, Loyer X, Leprince P, Empana JP, Bruneval P, Loupy A, Jouven X. MicroRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers of heart transplant rejection. Eur Heart J 2014; 35:3194-202. [PMID: 25176944 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Rejection is one of the major causes of late cardiac allograft failure and at present can only be diagnosed by invasive endomyocardial biopsies. We sought to determine whether microRNA profiling could serve as a non-invasive biomarker of cardiac allograft rejection. METHODS We included 113 heart transplant recipients from four referral French institutions (test cohort, n = 60, validation cohort, n = 53). In the test cohort, we compared patients with acute biopsy-proven allograft rejection (n = 30) to matched control patients without rejection (n = 30), by assessing microRNAs expression in the heart allograft tissue and patients concomitant serum using RNA extraction and qPCR analysis. Fourteen miRNAs were selected on the basis of their implication in allograft rejection, endothelial activation, and inflammation and tissue specificity. RESULTS We identified seven miRNAs that were differentially expressed between normal and rejecting heart allografts: miR-10a, miR-21, miR-31, miR-92a, miR-142-3p miR-155, and miR-451 (P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Four out of seven miRNAs also showed differential serological expression (miR-10a, miR-31, miR-92a, and miR-155) with strong correlation with their tissular expression. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed that these four circulating miRNAs strongly discriminated patients with allograft rejection from patients without rejection: miR-10a (AUC = 0.975), miR-31 (AUC = 0.932), miR-92a (AUC = 0.989), and miR-155 (AUC = 0.998, P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). We confirmed in the external validation set that these four miRNAs highly discriminated patients with rejection from those without. The discrimination capability of the four miRNAs remained significant when stratified by rejection diagnosis (T-cell-mediated rejection or antibody-mediated rejection) and time post-transplant. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a differential expression of miRNA occurs in rejecting allograft patients, not only at the tissue level but also in the serum, suggesting their potential relevance as non-invasive biomarkers in heart transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Duong Van Huyen
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, France Department of Pathology, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Marion Tible
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Arnaud Gay
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit and Pathology Department, Rouen University Hospital, France
| | - Romain Guillemain
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Olivier Aubert
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Shaida Varnous
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit and Pathology Department, La Pitié-Salpétrière, APHP, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Franck Iserin
- Departement of Cardiology, Necker Hospital, APHP, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Philippe Rouvier
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit and Pathology Department, La Pitié-Salpétrière, APHP, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Arnaud François
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit and Pathology Department, Rouen University Hospital, France
| | - Dewi Vernerey
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Xavier Loyer
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Pascal Leprince
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Unit and Pathology Department, La Pitié-Salpétrière, APHP, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Empana
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, France Department of Pathology and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Alexandre Loupy
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Paris Translational Research Center for Organ Transplantation, INSERM UMR 970, Biostatistics and Histopathology Platform, PARCC Cardiovascular Research Institute, Paris F-75015, France Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
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