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Beňo M, Beňová-Liszeková D, Kostič I, Šerý M, Mentelová L, Procházka M, Šoltýs J, Trusinová L, Ritomský M, Orovčík L, Jerigová M, Velič D, Machata P, Omastová M, Chase BA, Farkaš R. Gross morphology and adhesion-associated physical properties of Drosophila larval salivary gland glue secretion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9779. [PMID: 38684688 PMCID: PMC11059401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the major functions of the larval salivary glands (SGs) of many Drosophila species is to produce a massive secretion during puparium formation. This so-called proteinaceous glue is exocytosed into the centrally located lumen, and subsequently expectorated, serving as an adhesive to attach the puparial case to a solid substrate during metamorphosis. Although this was first described almost 70 years ago, a detailed description of the morphology and mechanical properties of the glue is largely missing. Its main known physical property is that it is released as a watery liquid that quickly hardens into a solid cement. Here, we provide a detailed morphological and topological analysis of the solidified glue. We demonstrated that it forms a distinctive enamel-like plaque that is composed of a central fingerprint surrounded by a cascade of laterally layered terraces. The solidifying glue rapidly produces crystals of KCl on these alluvial-like terraces. Since the properties of the glue affect the adhesion of the puparium to its substrate, and so can influence the success of metamorphosis, we evaluated over 80 different materials for their ability to adhere to the glue to determine which properties favor strong adhesion. We found that the alkaline Sgs-glue adheres strongly to wettable and positively charged surfaces but not to neutral or negatively charged and hydrophobic surfaces. Puparia formed on unfavored materials can be removed easily without leaving fingerprints or cascading terraces. For successful adhesion of the Sgs-glue, the material surface must display a specific type of triboelectric charge. Interestingly, the expectorated glue can move upwards against gravity on the surface of freshly formed puparia via specific, unique and novel anatomical structures present in the puparial's lateral abdominal segments that we have named bidentia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Beňo
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Beňová-Liszeková
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Kostič
- Department of Sensor Information Systems and Technologies, Institute of Informatics v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 07, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Šerý
- Department of Applied Physics and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, Jeronýmova 10, 37115, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Mentelová
- Department of Genetics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, B-1, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Procházka
- Department of Composite Materials, Polymer Institute v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Šoltýs
- Department of Physics and Technology at Nanoscale, Institute of Electrical Engineering v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ludmila Trusinová
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mário Ritomský
- Department of Sensor Information Systems and Technologies, Institute of Informatics v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 07, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomír Orovčík
- Division of Microstructure of Surfaces and Interfaces, Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84513, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Jerigová
- Laboratory of Secondary Ion Mass-Spectrometry, International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovičova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Velič
- Laboratory of Secondary Ion Mass-Spectrometry, International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Ilkovičova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Machata
- Department of Composite Materials, Polymer Institute v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Omastová
- Department of Composite Materials, Polymer Institute v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84541, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bruce A Chase
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182-0040, USA
- Department of Data Analytics, Endeavor Health, NorthShore University Health System, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
| | - Robert Farkaš
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center v.v.i., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84505, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Ma X, Yin Z, Li H, Guo J. Roles of herbivorous insects salivary proteins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29201. [PMID: 38601688 PMCID: PMC11004886 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between herbivorous insects and plants has evolved over millions of years, central to this dynamic interaction are salivary proteins (SPs), which mediate key processes ranging from nutrient acquisition to plant defense manipulation. SPs, sourced from salivary glands, intestinal regurgitation or acquired through horizontal gene transfer, exhibit remarkable functional versatility, influencing insect development, behavior, and adhesion mechanisms. Moreover, SPs play pivotal roles in modulating plant defenses, to induce or inhibit plant defenses as elicitors or effectors. In this review, we delve into the multifaceted roles of SPs in herbivorous insects, highlighting their diverse impacts on insect physiology and plant responses. Through a comprehensive exploration of SP functions, this review aims to deepen our understanding of plant-insect interactions and foster advancements in both fundamental research and practical applications in plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
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Monier M, Courtier-Orgogozo V. Drosophila Glue: A Promising Model for Bioadhesion. INSECTS 2022; 13:734. [PMID: 36005360 PMCID: PMC9409817 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The glue produced by Drosophila larvae to attach themselves to a substrate for several days and resist predation until the end of metamorphosis represents an attractive model to develop new adhesives for dry environments. The adhesive properties of this interesting material have been investigated recently, and it was found that it binds as well as strongly adhesive commercial tapes to various types of substrates. This glue hardens rapidly after excretion and is made of several proteins. In D. melanogaster, eight glue proteins have been identified: four are long glycosylated mucoproteins containing repeats rich in prolines, serines and threonines, and four others are shorter proteins rich in cysteines. This protein mix is produced by the salivary glands through a complex packaging process that is starting to be elucidated. Drosophila species have adapted to stick to various substrates in diverse environmental conditions and glue genes appear to evolve rapidly in terms of gene number, number of repeats and sequence of the repeat motifs. Interestingly, besides its adhesive properties, the glue may also have antimicrobial activities. We discuss future perspectives and avenues of research for the development of new bioadhesives mimicking Drosophila fly glue.
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McKelvey EGZ, Gyles JP, Michie K, Barquín Pancorbo V, Sober L, Kruszewski LE, Chan A, Fabre CCG. Drosophila females receive male substrate-borne signals through specific leg neurons during courtship. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3894-3904.e5. [PMID: 34174209 PMCID: PMC8445324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substrate-borne vibratory signals are thought to be one of the most ancient and taxonomically widespread communication signals among animal species, including Drosophila flies.1-9 During courtship, the male Drosophila abdomen tremulates (as defined in Busnel et al.10) to generate vibrations in the courting substrate.8,9 These vibrations coincide with nearby females becoming immobile, a behavior that facilitates mounting and copulation.8,11-13 It was unknown how the Drosophila female detects these substrate-borne vibratory signals. Here, we confirm that the immobility response of the female to the tremulations is not dependent on any air-borne cue. We show that substrate-borne communication is used by wild Drosophila and that the vibrations propagate through those natural substrates (e.g., fruits) where flies feed and court. We examine transmission of the signals through a variety of substrates and describe how each of these substrates modifies the vibratory signal during propagation and affects the female response. Moreover, we identify the main sensory structures and neurons that receive the vibrations in the female legs, as well as the mechanically gated ion channels Nanchung and Piezo (but not Trpγ) that mediate sensitivity to the vibrations. Together, our results show that Drosophila flies, like many other arthropods, use substrate-borne communication as a natural means of communication, strengthening the idea that this mode of signal transfer is heavily used and reliable in the wild.3,4,7 Our findings also reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the vibration-sensing modality necessary for this communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor G Z McKelvey
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - James P Gyles
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Kyle Michie
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Louisa Sober
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Laura E Kruszewski
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Alice Chan
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Caroline C G Fabre
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
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Yushkova E, Bashlykova L. Transgenerational effects in offspring of chronically irradiated populations of Drosophila melanogaster after the Chernobyl accident. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 62:39-51. [PMID: 33233025 DOI: 10.1002/em.22416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The zone of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster represents the largest area of chronic low-intensity radioactive impact on the natural ecosystems. The effects of chronic low-dose irradiation for natural populations of organisms and their offspring are unknown. The natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster sampled in 2007 in Chernobyl sites with different levels of radiation contamination were investigated. The offspring of specimens from these populations were studied under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of parental irradiation on the mutation process and survival of the offspring. Transgenerational effects of radioactive contamination were observed at the level of gross chromosomal rearrangements (dominant lethal mutations). The frequency of point/gene mutations (recessive sex-linked lethal mutations) of the offspring of the irradiated parents corresponded to the actual level of spontaneous mutations. The survival rate of offspring decreased over 160 generations and significantly correlated with the dominant lethal mutation levels. Our results provide a compelling evidence that other factors (distance from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, time after the initial exposure, selection site and origin of population) can affect the changes in the levels of the studied parameters along with the parental radiation exposure. They can also make a significant contribution to the health of the offspring of animals exposed to radioactive contamination. These data should be useful for future radioecological studies which will clarify the true mechanisms of transgenerational inheritance and generation of mutations to the offspring of chronically irradiated animals and their reactions to the interaction of various environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yushkova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Ludmila Bashlykova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Borne F, Kovalev A, Gorb S, Courtier-Orgogozo V. The glue produced by Drosophila melanogaster for pupa adhesion is universal. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb220608. [PMID: 32165432 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.220608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insects produce a variety of adhesives for diverse functions such as locomotion, mating, and egg or pupal anchorage to substrates. Although they are important for the biology of organisms and potentially represent a great resource for developing new materials, insect adhesives have been little studied so far. Here, we examined the adhesive properties of the larval glue of Drosophila melanogaster This glue is made of glycosylated proteins and allows the animal to adhere to a substrate during metamorphosis. We designed an adhesion test to measure the pull-off force required to detach a pupa from a substrate and to evaluate the contact area covered by the glue. We found that the pupa adheres with similar forces to a variety of substrates (with distinct roughness, hydrophilic and charge properties). We obtained an average pull-off force of 217 mN, corresponding to 15,500 times the weight of a pupa and an adhesion strength of 137-244 kPa. Surprisingly, the pull-off forces did not depend on the contact area. Our study paves the way for a genetic dissection of the components of D. melanogaster glue that confer its particular adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Borne
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexander Kovalev
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute of the University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Beňová-Liszeková D, Beňo M, Farkaš R. Fine infrastructure of released and solidified Drosophila larval salivary secretory glue using SEM. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2019; 14:055002. [PMID: 31216519 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ab2b2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi-derived large secretory granules of Drosophila salivary glands (SGs) constitute the components of the salivary glue secretion (Sgs). The Sgs represents a highly special and unique extracellular composite glue matrix that has not yet been identified outside of Cyclorrhaphous Dipterans. For over half a century, the only major and unambiguously documented function of the larval salivary glands was to produce a large amount of mucinous glue-containing secretory granules that, when released during pupariation, serves to affix the freshly formed puparia to a substrate. Besides initial biochemical characterization of the Sgs proteins and cloning of their corresponding Sgs genes, very little is known about other properties and functions of the Sgs glue. We report here observations on the fine SEM-ultrastructure of the Sgs glue released into to the lumen of SGs, and after it has been expectorated and solidified into the external environment. Surprisingly, in contrast to long held expectations, it appears to be a highly structured bioadhesive mass with an internal spongious to trabecular infrastructure, reflecting the state of its hydratation. We also found that in addition to its cementing properties, it is highly efficient at glueing and trapping microorganisms, and thus may serve a potentially very important immune and defense role. High hydration capacity, the speed by which this glue can dry, uniqueness of its protein composition and spongious infrastructure can provide inspiration for development of potential biomimetics that can attach completely different or incompatible surfaces with high efficiency and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Beňová-Liszeková
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Da Lage JL, Thomas GWC, Bonneau M, Courtier-Orgogozo V. Evolution of salivary glue genes in Drosophila species. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:36. [PMID: 30696414 PMCID: PMC6352337 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1364-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the very end of the larval stage Drosophila expectorate a glue secreted by their salivary glands to attach themselves to a substrate while pupariating. The glue is a mixture of apparently unrelated proteins, some of which are highly glycosylated and possess internal repeats. Because species adhere to distinct substrates (i.e. leaves, wood, rotten fruits), glue genes are expected to evolve rapidly. Results We used available genome sequences and PCR-sequencing of regions of interest to investigate the glue genes in 20 Drosophila species. We discovered a new gene in addition to the seven glue genes annotated in D. melanogaster. We also identified a phase 1 intron at a conserved position present in five of the eight glue genes of D. melanogaster, suggesting a common origin for those glue genes. A slightly significant rate of gene turnover was inferred. Both the number of repeats and the repeat sequence were found to diverge rapidly, even between closely related species. We also detected high repeat number variation at the intrapopulation level in D. melanogaster. Conclusion Most conspicuous signs of accelerated evolution are found in the repeat regions of several glue genes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1364-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Da Lage
- UMR 9191 Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie. CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud. Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Gregg W C Thomas
- Department of Biology and Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Magalie Bonneau
- UMR 9191 Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie. CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Sud. Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Hormonal signaling cascades required for phototaxis switch in wandering Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007423. [PMID: 30615614 PMCID: PMC6336328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animals exploit several niches sequentially during their life cycles, a fitness referred to as ontogenetic niche shift (ONS). To successfully accomplish ONS, transition between development stages is often coupled with changes in one or more primitive, instinctive behaviors. Yet, the underlining molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We show here that Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae finish their ONS at the wandering stage by leaving the plant and pupating in soil. At middle wandering phase, larvae also switch their phototactic behavior, from photophilic at foraging period to photophobic. We find that enhancement of juvenile hormone (JH) signal delays the phototactic switch, and vise verse. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knockdown of LdPTTH (prothoracicotropic hormone gene) or LdTorso (PTTH receptor gene) impairs avoidance response to light, a phenotype nonrescuable by 20-hydroxyecdysone. Consequently, the RNAi beetles pupate at the soil surface or in shallow layer of soil, with most of them failing to construct pupation chambers. Furthermore, a combination of depletion of LdPTTH/LdTorso and disturbance of JH signal causes no additive effects on light avoidance response and pupation site selection. Finally, we establish that TrpA1 (transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel) is necessary for light avoidance behavior, acting downstream of PTTH. We conclude that JH/PTTH cascade concomitantly regulates metamorphosis and the phototaxis switch, to drive ONS of the wandering beetles from plant into soil to start the immobile pupal stage. Many animals occupy distinct niches and utilize diverse resources at different development stages in order to meet stage-dependent requirements and overcome stage-specific limitations. This fitness is referred to as ontogenetic niche shift (ONS). During the preparation for ONS, animals often change one or more primitive, instinctive behaviors. Holometabolous insects, with four discrete developmental periods usually in different niches, are a suitable animal group to explore the molecular modes of these behavioral switches. Here we find that Leptinotarsa decemlineata larvae, an insect defoliator of potatoes, switch their phototactic behavior, from photophilic at feeding period to photophobic during the larval-pupal transition (wandering stage). This phototactic switch facilitates the wandering larvae to accomplish the ONS from potato plants to their pupation sites below ground. We show that JH/PTTH cascade controls the phototaxis switch, through a step in photo transduction between the photoreceptor molecule and the transient receptor potential cation channel.
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Soto-Yéber L, Soto-Ortiz J, Godoy P, Godoy-Herrera R. The behavior of adult Drosophila in the wild. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209917. [PMID: 30596767 PMCID: PMC6312304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how Drosophila adults behave in the wild, including mating, allocation of food and space, and escape from predators. This lack of information has negative implications for our ability to understand the capabilities of the nervous system to integrate sensory cues necessary for the adaptation of organisms in natural conditions. We characterized a set of behavioral routines of D. melanogaster and D. simulans adults in three ecologically different orchards: grape, apple and prickly pear. We also investigated how the flies identify conspecifics and aliens in the wild to better understand relationships between group formation and adaptation of Drosophila to breeding sites. We characterized the locations by recording in each orchard humidity, temperature, illumination conditions, pH of fruits, the presence/absence of other Drosophila species and the predator ant Linepithema humile. Our findings suggest that the home range of these species of Drosophila includes decaying fruits and, principally, a variety of microhabitats that surround the fruits. The ecological heterogeneity of the orchards and odors emitted by adult D. melanogaster and D. simulans influence perch preferences, cluster formation, court and mating, egg-laying site selection, and use of space. This is one of the first large examinations of the association between changing, complex environments and a set of adult behaviors of Drosophila. Therefore, our results have implications for understanding the genetic differentiation and evolution of populations of species in the genus Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Soto-Yéber
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Sede Chillán, Campus Fernando May, Avenida Coihueco S/N, Chillán, Chile
| | - José Soto-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Sede Chillán, Campus Fernando May, Avenida Coihueco S/N, Chillán, Chile
| | - Pablo Godoy
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Godoy-Herrera
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Study of Natural Genetic Variation in Early Fitness Traits Reveals Decoupling Between Larval and Pupal Developmental Time in Drosophila melanogaster. Evol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-018-9461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Marcellini S, González F, Sarrazin AF, Pabón-Mora N, Benítez M, Piñeyro-Nelson A, Rezende GL, Maldonado E, Schneider PN, Grizante MB, Da Fonseca RN, Vergara-Silva F, Suaza-Gaviria V, Zumajo-Cardona C, Zattara EE, Casasa S, Suárez-Baron H, Brown FD. Evolutionary Developmental Biology (Evo-Devo) Research in Latin America. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 328:5-40. [PMID: 27491339 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Famous for its blind cavefish and Darwin's finches, Latin America is home to some of the richest biodiversity hotspots of our planet. The Latin American fauna and flora inspired and captivated naturalists from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including such notable pioneers such as Fritz Müller, Florentino Ameghino, and Léon Croizat who made a significant contribution to the study of embryology and evolutionary thinking. But, what are the historical and present contributions of the Latin American scientific community to Evo-Devo? Here, we provide the first comprehensive overview of the Evo-Devo laboratories based in Latin America and describe current lines of research based on endemic species, focusing on body plans and patterning, systematics, physiology, computational modeling approaches, ecology, and domestication. Literature searches reveal that Evo-Devo in Latin America is still in its early days; while showing encouraging indicators of productivity, it has not stabilized yet, because it relies on few and sparsely distributed laboratories. Coping with the rapid changes in national scientific policies and contributing to solve social and health issues specific to each region are among the main challenges faced by Latin American researchers. The 2015 inaugural meeting of the Pan-American Society for Evolutionary Developmental Biology played a pivotal role in bringing together Latin American researchers eager to initiate and consolidate regional and worldwide collaborative networks. Such networks will undoubtedly advance research on the extremely high genetic and phenotypic biodiversity of Latin America, bound to be an almost infinite source of amazement and fascinating findings for the Evo-Devo community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Marcellini
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo y Evolución, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Favio González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres F Sarrazin
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Mariana Benítez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alma Piñeyro-Nelson
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gustavo L Rezende
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, CBB, LQFPP, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Lab, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Nunes Da Fonseca
- Núcleo em Ecologia e Desenvolvimento SócioAmbiental de Macaé (NUPEM), Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macae, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sofia Casasa
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | - Federico D Brown
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Drosophila Food-Associated Pheromones: Effect of Experience, Genotype and Antibiotics on Larval Behavior. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151451. [PMID: 26987117 PMCID: PMC4795598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals ubiquitously use chemical signals to communicate many aspects of their social life. These chemical signals often consist of environmental cues mixed with species-specific signals-pheromones-emitted by conspecifics. During their life, insects can use pheromones to aggregate, disperse, choose a mate, or find the most suitable food source on which to lay eggs. Before pupariation, larvae of several Drosophila species migrate to food sources depending on their composition and the presence of pheromones. Some pheromones derive from microbiota gut activity and these food-associated cues can enhance larval attraction or repulsion. To explore the mechanisms underlying the preference (attraction/repulsion) to these cues and clarify their effect, we manipulated factors potentially involved in larval response. In particular, we found that the (i) early exposure to conspecifics, (ii) genotype, and (iii) antibiotic treatment changed D. melanogaster larval behavior. Generally, larvae-tested either individually or in groups-strongly avoided food processed by other larvae. Compared to previous reports on larval attractive pheromones, our data suggest that such attractive effects are largely masked by food-associated compounds eliciting larval aversion. The antagonistic effect of attractive vs. aversive compounds could modulate larval choice of a pupariation site and impact the dispersion of individuals in nature.
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14
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Anderson BB, Scott A, Dukas R. Social behavior and activity are decoupled in larval and adult fruit flies. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Pontier SM, Schweisguth F. A Wolbachia-Sensitive Communication between Male and Female Pupae Controls Gamete Compatibility in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2015; 25:2339-48. [PMID: 26344089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gamete compatibility is fundamental to sexual reproduction. Wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbiotic bacteria that manipulate gamete compatibility in many arthropod species. In Drosophila, the fertilization of uninfected eggs by sperm from Wolbachia-infected males often results in early developmental arrest. This gamete incompatibility is called cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). CI is highest in young males, suggesting that Wolbachia affect sperm properties during male development. Here, we show that Wolbachia modulate testis development. Unexpectedly, this effect was associated with Wolbachia infection in females, not males. This raised the possibility that females influenced testis development by communicating with males prior to adulthood. Using a combinatorial rearing protocol, we provide evidence for such a female-to-male communication during metamorphosis. This communication involves the perception of female pheromones by male olfactory receptors. We found that this communication determines the compatibility range of sperm. Wolbachia interfere with this female-to-male communication through changes in female pheromone production. Strikingly, restoring this communication partially suppressed CI in Wolbachia-infected males. We further identified a reciprocal male-to-female communication at metamorphosis that restricts the compatibility range of female gametes. Wolbachia also perturb this communication by feminizing male pheromone production. Thus, Wolbachia broaden the compatibility range of eggs, promoting thereby the reproductive success of Wolbachia-infected females. We conclude that pheromone communication between pupae regulates gamete compatibility and is sensitive to Wolbachia in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie M Pontier
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS, URA2578, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - François Schweisguth
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; CNRS, URA2578, 75015 Paris, France
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16
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Del Pino F, Jara C, Pino L, Medina-Muñoz MC, Alvarez E, Godoy-Herrera R. The Identification of Congeners and Aliens by Drosophila Larvae. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136363. [PMID: 26313007 PMCID: PMC4552012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of Drosophila larva olfactory system in identification of congeners and aliens. We discuss the importance of these activities in larva navigation across substrates, and the implications for allocation of space and food among species of similar ecologies. Wild type larvae of cosmopolitan D. melanogaster and endemic D. pavani, which cohabit the same breeding sites, used species-specific volatiles to identify conspecifics and aliens moving toward larvae of their species. D. gaucha larvae, a sibling species of D. pavani that is ecologically isolated from D. melanogaster, did not respond to melanogaster odor cues. Similar to D. pavani larvae, the navigation of pavani female x gaucha male hybrids was influenced by conspecific and alien odors, whereas gaucha female x pavani male hybrid larvae exhibited behavior similar to the D. gaucha parent. The two sibling species exhibited substantial evolutionary divergence in processing the odor inputs necessary to identify conspecifics. Orco (Or83b) mutant larvae of D. melanogaster, which exhibit a loss of sense of smell, did not distinguish conspecific from alien larvae, instead moving across the substrate. Syn97CS and rut larvae of D. melanogaster, which are unable to learn but can smell, moved across the substrate as well. The Orco (Or83b), Syn97CS and rut loci are necessary to orient navigation by D. melanogaster larvae. Individuals of the Trana strain of D. melanogaster did not respond to conspecific and alien larval volatiles and therefore navigated randomly across the substrate. By contrast, larvae of the Til-Til strain used larval volatiles to orient their movement. Natural populations of D. melanogaster may exhibit differences in identification of conspecific and alien larvae. Larval locomotion was not affected by the volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Del Pino
- Laboratorio de Etología, Genética y Evolución de la Conducta, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Laboratorio de Etología, Genética y Evolución de la Conducta, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Pino
- Laboratorio de Etología, Genética y Evolución de la Conducta, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Cristina Medina-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educación, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eduardo Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Etología, Genética y Evolución de la Conducta, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Godoy-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Etología, Genética y Evolución de la Conducta, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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