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Shukla K, Laursen AE, Benavides J, Ejbari N, Campbell LG. Growth and fecundity of colonizing hybrid Raphanus populations are environmentally dependent. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:580-597. [PMID: 33855711 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Hybrid gene pools harbor more genetic variation than progenitor populations. Thus, we expect hybrid populations to exhibit more dynamic evolutionary responses to environmental variation. We ask how environmental variation experienced by adapted and transplanted populations influence the success of late-generation hybrid populations during invasion. METHODS For four generations, 20 wild (Raphanus raphanistrum) and 20 hybrid radish (R. sativus × R. raphanistrum) plant populations evolved under experimentally manipulated moisture conditions (dry, wet, control-sheltered, or control-unsheltered plots; i.e., evolutionary environment) in old fields near Toronto, Canada. We planted advanced-generation wild and hybrid radishes in sheltered plots and exposed them to either an evolutionary or a novel watering environment. To determine how soil moisture would influence invasion success, we compared the phenotype and fecundity of plants grown in these various environments. RESULTS Hybridization produced larger plants. In wet environments, hybrid seedlings emerged more frequently and expressed higher photosynthetic activity. Low-moisture, novel conditions delayed and reduced seedling emergence frequency. Hybrid plants and those that evolved under relatively wet environments exhibited higher aboveground biomass. Hybrid plants from control-sheltered plots colonizing novel moisture environments were more fecund than comparable wild plants. CONCLUSIONS Dry environments are less likely than other evolutionary environments to contribute colonists. However, relatively wet locations support the evolution of relatively fecund plants, especially crop-wild hybrid populations. Thus, our results provide a strong mechanistic explanation for variation in the relative success of crop-wild hybrids among study locations and a new standard for studies that assess the risk of crop-wild hybridization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Andrew E Laursen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Jessica Benavides
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Neda Ejbari
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Lesley G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada
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Hernández F, Vercellino RB, Fanna I, Presotto A. Maternal control of early life history traits affects overwinter survival and seedling phenotypes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:307-316. [PMID: 33222359 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
When cultivated and wild plants hybridize, hybrids often show intermediate phenotypic traits relative to their parents, which makes them unfit in natural environments. However, maternal genetic effects may affect the outcome of hybridization by controlling expression of the earliest life history traits. Here, using wild, cultivated and reciprocal crop-wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids, we evaluated the maternal effects on emergence timing and seedling establishment in the field and on seedling traits under controlled conditions. In the field, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations with contrasting dormancy (the high dormant BAR and the low dormant DIA) and one cultivar (CROP) with low dormancy. Under controlled conditions, we evaluated reciprocal crop-wild hybrids between two wild populations (BAR and RCU) and one CROP under three contrasting temperature treatments. In the field, BAR overwintered as dormant seeds whereas DIA and CROP showed high autumn emergence (~50% of planted seeds), resulting in differential overwinter survival and seedling establishment in the spring. Reciprocal crop-wild hybrids resembled their female parents in emergence timing and success of seedling establishment. Under controlled conditions, we observed large maternal effects on most seedling traits across temperatures. Cotyledon size explained most of the variation in seedling traits, suggesting that the maternal effects on seed size have cascading effects on seedling traits. Maternal effects on early life history traits affect early plant survival and phenotypic variation of crop-wild hybrids, thus, they should be addressed in hybridization studies, especially those involving highly divergent parents, such as cultivated species and their wild ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hernández
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - R B Vercellino
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - I Fanna
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - A Presotto
- CERZOS, Dpto. Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Andrés 800, CP, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Presotto A, Hernández F, Mercer KL. Phenotypic selection under two contrasting environments in wild sunflower and its crop-wild hybrid. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1703-1717. [PMID: 31462924 PMCID: PMC6708420 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization is a common phenomenon in plants and can lead to the introgression of alleles from one population into another, generate new hybrid lineages, or cause species extinction. The environmental conditions and the genetic background of the participating populations may influence these outcomes since they can affect the fitness of hybrids, thereby increasing or decreasing the chances of introgression. Thus, it is important to understand the context-dependent prospects for introgression of alleles into diverse populations and under multiple ecological environments. Crop-wild hybridization presents an opportunity to explore these dynamics in agroecosystems. To this end, we used diverse wild and hybrid sunflowers from across the northern United States as a basis for evaluating variation in morphological traits and assessing context-dependent selection. These crop-wild hybrids and their wild counterparts were grown under agricultural conditions in the field with and without wheat competition. Interactions between origin and cross type affected expression of early functional traits, while interactions between competition and cross type acted on reproductive traits. A smattering of early and reproductive traits was affected by interactions between cross type and competition that varied by origin (i.e., 3-way interactions). Seven functional traits, especially number of branches and tertiary head diameter, underwent net and direct directional selection, while six out of these seven traits appear to also be experiencing nonlinear selection dynamics. In general, wild-like traits were favored under both sets of conditions, while, under wheat competition, some crop-like traits related to fast growth and primary head diameter became important. These data reaffirm the hypothesis that stressful conditions establish a scenario more suitable for crop introgression and clarify that nonlinear selection dynamics may play a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Presotto
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de AgronomíaUniversidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)‐ CONICETBahía BlancaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Fernando Hernández
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de AgronomíaUniversidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)‐ CONICETBahía BlancaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Kristin L. Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceOhio State UniversityColumbusOH
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Fernandez O, Urrutia M, Berton T, Bernillon S, Deborde C, Jacob D, Maucourt M, Maury P, Duruflé H, Gibon Y, Langlade NB, Moing A. Metabolomic characterization of sunflower leaf allows discriminating genotype groups or stress levels with a minimal set of metabolic markers. Metabolomics 2019; 15:56. [PMID: 30929085 PMCID: PMC6441456 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plant and crop metabolomic analyses may be used to study metabolism across genetic and environmental diversity. Complementary analytical strategies are useful for investigating metabolic changes and searching for biomarkers of response or performance. METHODS AND OBJECTIVES The experimental material consisted in eight sunflower lines with two line status, four restorers (R, used as males) and four maintainers (B, corresponding to females) routinely used for sunflower hybrid varietal production, respectively to complement or maintain the cytoplasmic male sterility PET1. These lines were either irrigated at full soil capacity (WW) or submitted to drought stress (DS). Our aim was to combine targeted and non-targeted metabolomics to characterize sunflower leaf composition in order to investigate the effect of line status genotypes and environmental conditions and to find the best and smallest set of biomarkers for line status and stress response using a custom-made process of variables selection. RESULTS Five hundred and eighty-eight metabolic variables were measured by using complementary analytical methods such as 1H-NMR, MS-based profiles and targeted analyses of major metabolites. Based on statistical analyses, a limited number of markers were able to separate WW and DS samples in a more discriminant manner than previously published physiological data. Another metabolic marker set was able to discriminate line status. CONCLUSION This study underlines the potential of metabolic markers for discriminating genotype groups and environmental conditions. Their potential use for prediction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fernandez
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present Address: Laboratoire RIBP, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse Chemin des Rouliers, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Maria Urrutia
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- UMR AgroImpact, INRA, Estrées-Mons, 80203 Péronne, France
- Present Address: Enza Zaden Centro de Investigacion S.L., Santa Maria del Aguila, 04710 Almeria, Spain
| | - Thierry Berton
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present Address: Centre for CardioVascular and Nutrition, UMR INRA-INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, 13005 Marseilles, France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Jacob
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Mickaël Maucourt
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Present Address: Enza Zaden Centro de Investigacion S.L., Santa Maria del Aguila, 04710 Almeria, Spain
| | - Pierre Maury
- UMR LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Harold Duruflé
- UMR LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas B. Langlade
- UMR LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Centre INRA de Bordeaux, 71 av Edouard Bourlaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Plateforme Métabolome Bordeaux, CGFB, MetaboHUB-PHENOME, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Corbi J, Baack EJ, Dechaine JM, Seiler G, Burke JM. Genome-wide analysis of allele frequency change in sunflower crop-wild hybrid populations evolving under natural conditions. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:233-247. [PMID: 28612961 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Crop-wild hybridization occurs in numerous plant species and could alter the genetic structure and evolutionary dynamics of wild populations. Studying crop-derived alleles in wild populations is also relevant to assessing/mitigating the risks associated with transgene escape. To date, crop-wild hybridization has generally been examined via short-term studies, typically within a single generation, focusing on few traits or genetic markers. Little is known about patterns of selection on crop-derived alleles over multiple generations, particularly at a genome-wide scale. Here, we documented patterns of natural selection in an experimental crop × wild sunflower population that was allowed to evolve under natural conditions for two generations at two locations. Allele frequencies at a genome-wide collection of SNPs were tracked across generations, and a common garden experiment was conducted to compare trait means between generations. These data allowed us to identify instances of selection on crop-derived alleles/traits and, in concert with QTL mapping results, test for congruence between our genotypic and phenotypic results. We found that natural selection overwhelmingly favours wild alleles and phenotypes. However, crop alleles in certain genomic regions can be favoured, and these changes often occurred in parallel across locations. We did not, however, consistently observe close agreement between our genotypic and phenotypic results. For example, when a trait evolved towards the wild phenotype, wild QTL alleles associated with that trait did not consistently increase in frequency. We discuss these results in the context of crop allele introgression into wild populations and implications for the management of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Corbi
- Department of Plant Biology, Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eric J Baack
- Department of Biology, Luther College, Decorah, IA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Dechaine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
| | - Gerald Seiler
- USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Lab., Fargo, ND, USA
| | - John M Burke
- Department of Plant Biology, Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Teitel Z, Klimowski A, Campbell LG. Assessing the effects of hybridization and precipitation on invasive weed demography using strength of selection on vital rates. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:266. [PMID: 27923349 PMCID: PMC5142176 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As global climate change transforms average temperature and rainfall, species distributions may meet, increasing the potential for hybridization and altering individual fitness and population growth. Altered rainfall specifically may shift the strength and direction of selection, also manipulating population trajectories. Here, we investigated the role of interspecific hybridization and selection imposed by rainfall on the evolution of weedy life-history in non-hybrid (Raphanus raphanistrum) and hybrid (R. raphanistrum x R. sativus) populations using a life table response experiment. Results In documenting long-term population dynamics, we determined intrinsic (r) and asymptotic (λ) population growth rates and sensitivities, a measure of selection imposed on demographic rates. Hybrid populations experienced 8.7-10.3 times stronger selection than wild populations for increased seedling survival. Whereas crop populations generally exhibit little dormancy and wild populations often exhibit dormancy, non-hybrid populations experienced 10% stronger selection than hybrid populations for exhibiting seed dormancy. Selection on survival-to-flowering in wild, not hybrid, populations declined marginally with increasing soil moisture. Hybrid populations exhibited greater r, but not λ, than wild populations regardless of moisture environment. In general, fecundity contributed most to differences in λ but fecundity only contributed positively to hybrid λ relative to wild λ when precipitation was altered (either higher or lower than control) and not under control watering conditions. Conclusions Selection on key demographic traits may not change dramatically in response to rainfall, and hybridization may more strongly influence the demography of these weedy species than rainfall. If hybrid populations can respond to selection for increased dormancy, this may make it more difficult to deplete weed seed banks and increase the persistence of crop genes in weed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Teitel
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.,Current Address: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Klimowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.,Current Address: Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Lesley G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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Campbell LG, Teitel Z, Miriti MN. Contemporary evolution and the dynamics of invasion in crop-wild hybrids with heritable variation for two weedy life-histories. Evol Appl 2016; 9:697-708. [PMID: 27247620 PMCID: PMC4869411 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow in crop-wild complexes between phenotypically differentiated ancestors may transfer adaptive genetic variation that alters the fecundity and, potentially, the population growth (λ) of weeds. We created biotypes with potentially invasive traits, early flowering or long leaves, in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and F5 crop-wild hybrid (R. sativus × R. raphanistrum) backgrounds and compared them to randomly mated populations, to provide the first experimental estimate of long-term fitness consequences of weedy life-history variation. Using a life table response experiment design, we modeled λ of experimental, field populations in Pellston, MI, and assessed the relative success of alternative weed strategies and the contributions of individual vital rates (germination, survival, seed production) to differences in λ among experimental populations. Growth rates (λ) were most influenced by seed production, a trait altered by hybridization and selection, compared to other vital rates. More seeds were produced by wild than hybrid populations and by long-leafed than early-flowering lineages. Although we did not detect a biotype by selection treatment effect on lambda, lineages also exhibited contrasting germination and survival strategies. Identifying life-history traits affecting population growth contributes to our understanding of which portions of the crop genome are most likely to introgress into weed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley G Campbell
- Department of Chemistry & Biology Ryerson University Toronto ON Canada
| | - Zachary Teitel
- Department of Chemistry & Biology Ryerson University Toronto ON Canada; Present address: Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Maria N Miriti
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
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