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Hu Y, Deng Q, Kätterer T, Olesen JE, Ying SC, Ochoa-Hueso R, Mueller CW, Weintraub MN, Chen J. Depth-dependent responses of soil organic carbon under nitrogen deposition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17247. [PMID: 38491798 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence points out that the responses of soil organic carbon (SOC) to nitrogen (N) addition differ along the soil profile, highlighting the importance of synthesizing results from different soil layers. Here, using a global meta-analysis, we found that N addition significantly enhanced topsoil (0-30 cm) SOC by 3.7% (±1.4%) in forests and grasslands. In contrast, SOC in the subsoil (30-100 cm) initially increased with N addition but decreased over time. The model selection analysis revealed that experimental duration and vegetation type are among the most important predictors across a wide range of climatic, environmental, and edaphic variables. The contrasting responses of SOC to N addition indicate the importance of considering deep soil layers, particularly for long-term continuous N deposition. Finally, the lack of depth-dependent SOC responses to N addition in experimental and modeling frameworks has likely resulted in the overestimation of changes in SOC storage under enhanced N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Qi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Kätterer
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Eivind Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Samantha C Ying
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Institute of Ecology, Chair of Soil Science, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael N Weintraub
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Chen S, Sun Y, Wang Y, Luo G, Ran J, Zeng T, Zhang P. Grazing weakens the linkages between plants and soil biotic communities in the alpine grassland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169417. [PMID: 38143005 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Livestock grazing alters the diversity and composition of plants and soil biota in grassland ecosystems. However, whether and how grazing affects plant-soil biota interactions are limited. Here, we performed a field investigation on the Tibetan grasslands to determine the relationships between plant community properties (biomass, diversity and richness) and soil biota (abundance, diversity and composition of bacteria, fungi and nematodes) in the long-term yak grazing and ungrazed plots, and responses of plant-soil biota linkages to grazing in alpine meadows and alpine swampy meadows were compared. The results found that grazing did not cause significant changes in plant community properties but increased the soil water content. Further, grazing weakened plant-soil microbes/nematode relationships in alpine meadows. The bacterial and fungal abundances were correlated with plant belowground biomass and Simpson index in the ungrazed plots of alpine meadows, while the correlation was not significant under grazing. Bacterial composition was correlated with plant richness only in the ungrazed meadows. Plant-soil nematode linkages were more sensitive to grazing than plant-microbes linkages. Grazing decoupled the relationships between the abundances of nematode trophic groups and plant aboveground biomass, richness and Simpson index in alpine meadows, while the decoupling phenomenon is less evident in alpine swampy meadows. The SEM results indicate that grazing altered the plant above- and belowground biomass to affect the soil nematode community, while influenced soil microbes only through alterations of plant belowground biomass. The findings highlight the importance of grazing in influencing the interactions between aboveground plant communities and soil biological communities in Tibetan grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangdan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Zhejiang SeeGene Biotechnology Company, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gai Luo
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianghong Ran
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environmental of Ministry of Education & Sichuan Zoigê Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Shukla AK, Behera SK, Lakaria BL, Tripathi A. Effect of land use and soil depth on the distribution of phyto-available nutrients and SOC pools of Vertisols in Central India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1405. [PMID: 37917226 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A proper understanding of soil parameters under different production systems of the world is necessary for efficient soil management. We, therefore, carried out the present study to assess the status of some selected soil properties (soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC)), phyto-available nutrients (available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), exchangeable calcium (Ex. Ca), exchangeable magnesium (Ex. Mg), available sulfur (AS), and soil organic carbon (SOC) pools (SOC, total organic carbon (TOC), very labile C, labile C, less labile C, and non-labile C) and to establish relationships among the measured soil parameters at different depths of Vertisols of India under various land uses. A total of 150 composite soil samples (from 25 plots including nine from agricultural land, nine from horticultural land, three from forest land, and four from grassland) were collected from 6 soil depths viz, 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm under agriculture, horticulture, forest, and grassland land uses present in Central India and analyzed. The values of soil pH, EC, AN, AK, Ex. Ca, Ex. Mg, and AS in various soil depths under different land uses varied widely. The values of SOC (0.19 to 1.00%), TOC (0.58 to 2.42%), very labile C (0.14 to 0.83%), labile C (0.05 to 0.25%), less labile C (0.05 to 0.26%) and non-labile C (0.23 to 1.42%) in various soil depths under different land uses also varied significantly. Forest and grassland land uses had higher levels of SOC, TOC, very labile, and non-labile C content in all the soil depths in comparison to SOC, TOC, very labile, and non-labile C content in different soil depths under agriculture and horticulture land use. The levels of SOC, TOC, very labile, and non-labile C content under all the land uses decreased with increasing soil depths. SOC was positively and significantly correlated with AN, AK, AS, and estimated SOC pools in surface soil layers. Principal component analysis (PCA) of soil parameters in different soil depths resulted in 5 principal components (PCs) with > 1 eigenvalue and accounting for > 75% variability. This information could be used for managing SOC status and phyto-available nutrients in Vertisols under different land uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Shukla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Sanjib K Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India.
| | - Brij L Lakaria
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
| | - Ajay Tripathi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462 038, India
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Lu Z, Zhou Y, Li Y, Li C, Lu M, Sun X, Luo Z, Zhao J, Fan M. Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on the activity of enzyme and soil bacterial communities in the mountain red soil. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234904. [PMID: 37736094 PMCID: PMC10509364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure takes on a critical significance to enhancing soil quality and boosting sustainable agricultural development. However, rare research has studied the effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on soil bacterial community diversity and enzyme activity in maize field in the mountain red soil region of Yunnan. Methods In this study, four treatments were set up in which chemical fertilizer (the application rates of N, P2O5 and K2O were 240, 75 and 75 kg·ha-1, respectively) was substituted by 10% (M10), 20% (M20), 30% (M30) and 40% (M40) of organic manure with equal nitrogen, as well as two control treatments of single application of chemical fertilizer (M0) and no fertilization (CK). The maize (Zea mays L.) crop was sown as a test crop in May 2018. The effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure on soil physicochemical properties, soil bacterial community diversity and enzyme activity were studied. Results The activities of Cellulase (CBH), Invertase (INV) and β-glucosidase (BG) increased with the increase of organic manure substitution ratio. The activities of β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), Urease (URE), and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) also had the same trend, but the highest activities were 159.92 mg·g-1·h-1, 66.82 mg·g-1·h-1 and 143.90 mg·g-1·h-1 at 30% substitution ratio. Compared with CK and M0 treatments, Shannon index increased notably by 82.91%-116.74% and 92.42%-128.01%, respectively, at the organic manure substitution ratio ranging from 10% to 40%. Chao1 and ACE index increased significantly at the organic manure substitution ratio ranging from 10% to 30%. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all treatments, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased as the organic manure substitution ratio increased. Redundancy analysis showed that microbial biomass C was the main factor affecting the bacterial community composition under partial replacement of chemical fertilizer treatment, while Actinobacteria was the main factor affecting the enzyme activity. In addition, the maize yield of M30 and M40 treatments was significantly higher than that of CK and M0-M20 treatments, and the yield of M30 treatment was the highest, reaching 7652.89 kg·ha-1. Conclusion Therefore, the partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure can improve soil biological characteristics, while increasing bacterial community diversity and soil enzyme activity. Therefore, a thirty percent organic manure substitution was determined as the optimal substitution ratio for maize farmland in the mountain red soil area of Yunnan, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerang Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- College of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunpei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhizhang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jixia Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Maopan Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Cheng B, Liu H, Bai J, Li J. Soil Fungal Composition Drives Ecosystem Multifunctionality after Long-Term Field Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition in Alpine Meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2893. [PMID: 36365345 PMCID: PMC9656404 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An ecosystem can provide multiple functions and services at the same time, i.e., ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Above- and belowground biodiversity and abiotic factors have different effects on EMF. Human activities increase atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition, but the mechanism of how atmospheric N and P deposition affect EMF in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau is still unclear. Here, we measured eleven ecosystem parameters to quantify EMF by averaging method and explored the impact of plant and microbial species diversity and abiotic factors on EMF after long-term field N and P addition in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that N addition reduced EMF by 15%, NP increased EMF by 20%, and there was no change due to P addition. N and P addition reduced pH, relative light conditions (RLC), and plant species richness and modified plant and fungal community composition. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis confirmed that fungal community composition was an important and positive driver on EMF. These results provided an understanding of how N and P addition affect EMF directly and indirectly through biotic and abiotic pathways, which was important for predicting the response of EMF to atmospheric N and P deposition in the future. Furthermore, the findings suggested that soil fungal composition was more important driving factors than abiotic factors in the response of EMF to N and P addition and the importance of the interactions between plant and soil microbial species diversity in supporting greater EMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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6
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Effect of Short-Term Low-Nitrogen Addition on Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Vegetation-Soil in Alpine Meadow. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010998. [PMID: 34682742 PMCID: PMC8536122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
As one of the nitrogen (N) limitation ecosystems, alpine meadows have significant effects on their structure and function. However, research on the response and linkage of vegetation-soil to short-term low-level N deposition with rhizosphere processes is scant. We conducted a four level N addition (0, 20, 40, and 80 kg N ha−1 y−1) field experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) from July 2014 to August 2016. We analyzed the community characteristics, vegetation (shoots and roots), total carbon (TC), nutrients, soil (rhizosphere and bulk) properties, and the linkage between vegetation and soil under different N addition rates. Our results showed that (i) N addition significantly increased and decreased the concentration of soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and ammonium nitrogen, and the soil pH, respectively; (ii) there were significant correlations between soil (rhizosphere and bulk) NO3−-N and total nitrogen (TN), and root TN, and there was no strong correlation between plant and soil TC, TN and total phosphorus, and their stoichiometry under different N addition rates. The results suggest that short-term low-N addition affected the plant community, vegetation, and soil TC, TN, TP, and their stoichiometry insignificantly, and that the correlation between plant and soil TC, TN, and TP, and their stoichiometry were insignificant.
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7
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Xiao Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Song Z, Zhou S. The allometry of plant height explains species loss under nitrogen addition. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:553-562. [PMID: 33423373 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Light asymmetry, with a higher light acquisition per unit biomass for larger plants, has been proposed as a major mechanism of species loss after nitrogen addition. However, solid evidence for this has been scarce. We measured the allometric size-height relationships of 25 plant species along a nitrogen addition gradient manipulated annually for eight years in a speciose alpine meadow and found that the positive relationship between species relative abundance and the height scaling exponent in natural conditions disappeared after nitrogen addition. Those species with lower height scaling exponents increased in relative abundance after nitrogen addition, thereby decreasing the community weighted mean and dispersion of the height scaling exponent and ultimately the species richness. Our results provided some unique evidence for light asymmetry induced species loss after nitrogen addition and a new insight from the perspective of allometric scaling to explain biodiversity maintenance in the face of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P. R. China
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Liu J, Zhang J, Li D, Xu C, Xiang X. Differential responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities to mineral and organic fertilization. Microbiologyopen 2019; 9:e00920. [PMID: 31397116 PMCID: PMC6957387 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural fertilization is used extensively to increase soil fertility and maximize crop yield. Despite numerous studies on how fertilization influences plant and bacterial communities, little is known about the roles of long‐term application of different fertilizers in shaping arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community structures in a comparative manner. The response of AMF community to 28 years of chemical and organic fertilization was investigated using the Illumina Mi‐Seq platform. Soil AMF community composition showed significant and differential responses to long‐term fertilization. Changes in available phosphorus (AP) content were the primary driver shaping AMF community composition. Chemical fertilization significantly decreased AMF alpha‐diversity, whereas the alpha‐diversity remained equally high in organic fertilization treatment as in the control. In addition, soil AMF alpha‐diversity was negatively and positively correlated with elevated soil nutrient level following chemical and organic fertilization, respectively. Plants could directly acquire sufficient nutrients without their AMF partners after chemical fertilization, while plants might rely on AMF to facilitate the transformation of organic matter following organic fertilization, indicating that chemical fertilization might reduce the reliance of plants on AMF symbioses while organic fertilization strengthened the symbiotic relationship between plants and their AMF partners in agricultural ecosystems. This study demonstrated that AMF communities responded differently to long‐term chemical and organic fertilization, indicating that organic fertilization might activate belowground AMF function to maintain soil nutrients and benefit the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Daming Li
- Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, Jinxian, China
| | - Changxu Xu
- Soil and Fertilizer & Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingjia Xiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Zhang HR, sun W, Li SW, Han FS, Yu CQ, Zhang XZ, Wang JS, He YT, zhong ZM. Impact of Extra Nitrogen on Ecological Stoichiometry of Alpine Grasslands on Tibetan Plateau: Meta-Analysis. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.4.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Rui Zhang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei sun
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shao Wei Li
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fu Song Han
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng Qun Yu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xian Zhou Zhang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Sheng Wang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Tao He
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhi Ming zhong
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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10
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Siebert J, Sünnemann M, Auge H, Berger S, Cesarz S, Ciobanu M, Guerrero-Ramírez NR, Eisenhauer N. The effects of drought and nutrient addition on soil organisms vary across taxonomic groups, but are constant across seasons. Sci Rep 2019; 9:639. [PMID: 30679568 PMCID: PMC6345851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic global change alters the activity and functional composition of soil communities that are responsible for crucial ecosystem functions and services. Two of the most pervasive global change drivers are drought and nutrient enrichment. However, the responses of soil organisms to interacting global change drivers remain widely unknown. We tested the interactive effects of extreme drought and fertilization on soil biota ranging from microbes to invertebrates across seasons. We expected drought to reduce the activity of soil organisms and fertilization to induce positive bottom-up effects via increased plant productivity. Furthermore, we hypothesized fertilization to reinforce drought effects through enhanced plant growth, resulting in even drier soil conditions. Our results revealed that drought had detrimental effects on soil invertebrate feeding activity and simplified nematode community structure, whereas soil microbial activity and biomass were unaffected. Microbial biomass increased in response to fertilization, whereas invertebrate feeding activity substantially declined. Notably, these effects were consistent across seasons. The dissimilar responses suggest that soil biota differ vastly in their vulnerability to global change drivers. Thus, important ecosystem processes like decomposition and nutrient cycling, which are driven by the interdependent activity of soil microorganisms and invertebrates, may be disrupted under future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marie Sünnemann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Harald Auge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Sigrid Berger
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Ciobanu
- Institute of Biological Research, Branch of the National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 48 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj, Napoca, Romania
| | - Nathaly R Guerrero-Ramírez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Liu X, Chen F, Lyu S, Sun D, Zhou S. Random species loss underestimates dilution effects of host diversity on foliar fungal diseases under fertilization. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1705-1713. [PMID: 29435245 PMCID: PMC5792568 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing attention being paid to the consequences of global biodiversity losses, several recent studies have demonstrated that realistic species losses can have larger impacts than random species losses on community productivity and resilience. However, little is known about the effects of the order in which species are lost on biodiversity-disease relationships. Using a multiyear nitrogen addition and artificial warming experiment in natural assemblages of alpine meadow vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we inferred the sequence of plant species losses under fertilization/warming. Then the sequence of species losses under fertilization/warming was used to simulate the species loss orders (both realistic and random) in an adjacently novel removal experiment manipulating plot-level plant diversity. We explicitly compared the effect sizes of random versus realistic species losses simulated from fertilization/warming on plant foliar fungal diseases. We found that realistic species losses simulated from fertilization had greater effects than random losses on fungal diseases, and that species identity drove the diversity-disease relationship. Moreover, the plant species most prone to foliar fungal diseases were also the least vulnerable to extinction under fertilization, demonstrating the importance of protecting low competence species (the ability to maintain and transmit fungal infections was low) to impede the spread of infectious disease. In contrast, there was no difference between random and realistic species loss scenarios simulated from experimental warming (or the combination of warming and fertilization) on the diversity-disease relationship, indicating that the functional consequences of species losses may vary under different drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource EcologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shengman Lyu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dexin Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Egan G, Crawley MJ, Fornara DA. Effects of long-term grassland management on the carbon and nitrogen pools of different soil aggregate fractions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:810-819. [PMID: 28942314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Common grassland management practices include animal grazing and the repeated addition of lime and nutrient fertilizers to soils. These practices can greatly influence the size and distribution of different soil aggregate fractions, thus altering the cycling and storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in grassland soils. So far, very few studies have simultaneously addressed the potential long-term effect that multiple management practices might have on soil physical aggregation. Here we specifically ask whether and how grazing, liming and nutrient fertilization might influence C and N content (%) as well as C and N pools of different soil aggregate fractions in a long-term grassland experiment established in 1991 at Silwood Park, Berkshire, UK. We found that repeated liming applications over 23years significantly decreased the C pool (i.e. gCKg-1 soil) of Large Macro Aggregate (LMA>2mm) fractions and increased C pools within three smaller soil aggregate fractions: Small Macro Aggregate (SMA, 250μm-2mm), Micro Aggregate (MiA, 53-250μm), and Silt Clay Aggregate (SCA<53μm). Soil C (and N) accrual in smaller fractions was mainly caused by positive liming effects on aggregate fraction mass rather than on changes in soil C (and N) content (%). Liming effects could be explained by increases in soil pH, as this factor was significantly positively related to greater soil C and N pools of smaller aggregate fractions. Long-term grazing and inorganic nutrient fertilization had much weaker effects on both soil aggregate-fraction mass and on soil C and N concentrations, however, our evidence is that these practices could also contribute to greater C and N pools of smaller soil fractions. Overall our study demonstrates how agricultural liming can contribute to increase C pools of small (more stable) soil fractions with potential significant benefits for the long-term C balance of human-managed grassland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Egan
- Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Michael J Crawley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, England, UK
| | - Dario A Fornara
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18A Newforge Lane, Co. Antrim, Belfast BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Liu S, Zamanian K, Schleuss PM, Zarebanadkouki M, Kuzyakov Y. Degradation of Tibetan grasslands: Consequences for carbon and nutrient cycles. AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 2018. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
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Liu X, Lyu S, Sun D, Bradshaw CJA, Zhou S. Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20162621. [PMID: 28123094 PMCID: PMC5310047 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The artificial fertilization of soils can alter the structure of natural plant communities and exacerbate pathogen emergence and transmission. Although the direct effects of fertilization on disease resistance in plants have received some research attention, its indirect effects of altered community structure on the severity of fungal disease infection remain largely uninvestigated. We designed manipulation experiments in natural assemblages of Tibetan alpine meadow vegetation along a nitrogen-fertilization gradient over 5 years to compare the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of fertilization on foliar fungal infections at the community level. We found that species with lower proneness to pathogens were more likely to be extirpated following fertilization, such that community-level competence of disease, and thus community pathogen load, increased with the intensity of fertilization. The amount of nitrogen added (direct effect) and community disease competence (indirect effect) provided the most parsimonious combination of parameters explaining the variation in disease severity. Our experiment provides a mechanistic explanation for the dilution effect in fertilized, natural assemblages in a highly specific pathogen-host system, and thus insights into the consequences of human ecosystem modifications on the dynamics of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shengman Lyu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dexin Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Corey J A Bradshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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Xiang X, Gibbons SM, He JS, Wang C, He D, Li Q, Ni Y, Chu H. Rapid response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities to short-term fertilization in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2226. [PMID: 27478711 PMCID: PMC4950554 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is home to the vast grassland in China. The QTP grassland ecosystem has been seriously degraded by human land use practices and climate change. Fertilization is used in this region to increase vegetation yields for grazers. The impact of long-term fertilization on plant and microbial communities has been studied extensively. However, the influence of short-term fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in the QTP is largely unknown, despite their important functional role in grassland ecosystems. METHODS We investigated AMF community responses to three years of N and/or P addition at an experimental field site on the QTP, using the Illumina MiSeq platform (PE 300). RESULTS Fertilization resulted in a dramatic shift in AMF community composition and NP addition significantly increased AMF species richness and phylogenetic diversity. Aboveground biomass, available phosphorus, and NO3 (-) were significantly correlated with changes in AMF community structure. Changes in these factors were driven by fertilization treatments. Thus, fertilization had a large impact on AMF communities, mediated by changes in aboveground productivity and soil chemistry. DISCUSSION Prior work has shown how plants often lower their reliance on AMF symbioses following fertilization, leading to decrease AMF abundance and diversity. However, our study reports a rise in AMF diversity with fertilization treatment. Because AMF can provide stress tolerance to their hosts, we suggest that extreme weather on the QTP may help drive a positive relationship between fertilizer amendment and AMF diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sean M. Gibbons
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yingying Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Liu X, Lyu S, Zhou S, Bradshaw CJA. Warming and fertilization alter the dilution effect of host diversity on disease severity. Ecology 2016; 97:1680-1689. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1784.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Shengman Lyu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Shurong Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University; 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Corey J. A. Bradshaw
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; South Australia 5005 Australia
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